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Histories of Drug Trafficking in Twentieth Century Mexico ed. by Wil G. Pansters and Benjamin T. Smith (review) 《二十世纪墨西哥贩毒史》威尔·g·潘特斯和本杰明·t·史密斯主编(评论)
IF 0.3 0 HUMANITIES, MULTIDISCIPLINARY Pub Date : 2023-06-01 DOI: 10.1353/tla.2023.a899977
Aileen Teague
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引用次数: 0
Study of the binding of ΔFN3.1 fragments of the Bifidobacterium longum GT15 with TNFα and prevalence of domain-containing proteins in groups of bacteria of the human gut microbiota. 长双歧杆菌GT15 ΔFN3.1片段与TNFα结合的研究以及人类肠道微生物群细菌群中含结构域蛋白的流行
0 HUMANITIES, MULTIDISCIPLINARY Pub Date : 2023-04-12 eCollection Date: 2023-01-01 DOI: 10.20517/mrr.2023.06
Maria G Alekseeva, Ilya N Dyakov, Kristina K Bushkova, Dilara A Mavletova, Roman A Yunes, Irina N Chernyshova, Ilya A Masalitin, Tatiana A Koshenko, Venera Z Nezametdinova, Valery N Danilenko

Aim: This study is mainly devoted to determining the ability of ∆FN3.1 protein fragments of Bifidobacterium (B.) longum subsp. longum GT15, namely two FN3 domains (2D FN3) and a C-terminal domain (CD FN3), to bind to tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α). Methods: Fragments of the fn3 gene encoding the 2D FN3 and CD FN3 were cloned in Escherichia (E.) coli. In order to assess the binding specificity between 2D FN3 and CD FN3 to TNFα, we employed the previously developed sandwich ELISA system to detect any specific interactions between the purified protein and any of the studied cytokines. The trRosetta software was used to build 3D models of the ∆FN3.1, 2D FN3, and CD FN3 proteins. The detection of polymorphism in the amino acid sequences of the studied proteins and the analysis of human gut-derived bacterial proteins carrying FN3 domains were performed in silico. Results: We experimentally showed that neither 2D FN3 nor CD FN3 alone can bind to TNFα. Prediction of the 3D structures of ΔFN3.1, 2D FN3, and CD FN3 suggested that only ΔFN3.1 can form a pocket allowing binding with TNFα to occur. Polymorphism analysis of amino acid sequences of ΔFN3.1 proteins in B. longum strains uncovered substitutions that can alter the conformation of the spatial structure of the ΔFN3.1 protein. We also analyzed human gut-derived bacterial proteins harboring FN3 domains which allowed us to differentiate between those containing motifs of cytokine receptors (MCRs) in their FN3 domains and those lacking them. Conclusion: Only the complete ∆FN3.1 protein can selectively bind to TNFα. Analysis of 3D models of the 2D FN3, CD FN3, and ΔFN3.1 proteins showed that only the ΔFN3.1 protein is potentially capable of forming a pocket allowing TNFα binding to occur. Only FN3 domains containing MCRs exhibited sequence homology with FN3 domains of human proteins.

目的:本研究主要测定长双歧杆菌(B.)亚种的∆FN3.1蛋白片段的能力。长GT15,即两个FN3结构域(2D FN3)和一个c端结构域(CD FN3),与肿瘤坏死因子-α (TNF-α)结合。方法:在大肠杆菌中克隆编码2D fn3和CD fn3的fn3基因片段。为了评估2D FN3和CD FN3与TNFα的结合特异性,我们采用先前开发的夹心ELISA系统检测纯化蛋白与所研究的任何细胞因子之间的任何特异性相互作用。利用trRosetta软件建立∆FN3.1、2D FN3和CD FN3蛋白的3D模型。研究蛋白的氨基酸序列多态性检测和携带FN3结构域的人肠源性细菌蛋白的分析均在计算机上进行。结果:实验表明,2D FN3和CD FN3均不能单独与TNFα结合。对ΔFN3.1、2D FN3和CD FN3三维结构的预测表明,只有ΔFN3.1可以形成一个允许与TNFα结合的口袋。长芽孢杆菌ΔFN3.1蛋白的氨基酸序列多态性分析揭示了可以改变ΔFN3.1蛋白空间结构构象的取代。我们还分析了人类肠道来源的含有FN3结构域的细菌蛋白,这使我们能够区分在FN3结构域中含有细胞因子受体(mcr)基序的蛋白质和缺乏这些基序的蛋白质。结论:只有完整的∆FN3.1蛋白才能选择性结合TNFα。对2D FN3、CD FN3和ΔFN3.1蛋白的3D模型分析表明,只有ΔFN3.1蛋白有可能形成一个口袋,允许TNFα结合发生。只有含有mcr的FN3结构域与人类蛋白的FN3结构域序列同源。
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引用次数: 0
Of Guinea Pigs and Mines: Changing Access to Animal Consumption at Chavín de Huántar (Peru) 豚鼠和地雷:改变动物消费渠道Chavín de Huántar(秘鲁)
IF 0.3 0 HUMANITIES, MULTIDISCIPLINARY Pub Date : 2023-03-01 DOI: 10.1353/tla.2023.0004
S. Rosenfeld
Abstract:Food traditions are created, adapted, and reinvented across space and time. However, when an external source seeks to revitalize and commercialize an ancestral social food it can produce negative effects. In this paper I argue that the economic goals of development programs can collide with cultural traditions, specifically within food landscapes. In this study I describe how a mining company in central Peru developed an economic development project in which they distributed guinea pigs (Cavia porcellus) to some families, in order to boost their commercialization, with the goal of helping the community to increase other sources of income. However, these animals were traditionally exchanged within the community and their introduction as a market commodity was not well received. Over time, community members lost a way of making and reproducing social ties through the exchange of guinea pigs.
摘要:食物传统是跨越时空的创造、改编和改造。然而,当外部来源试图振兴和商业化一种古老的社会食物时,它可能会产生负面影响。在本文中,我认为发展计划的经济目标可能与文化传统发生冲突,特别是在食物景观中。在这项研究中,我描述了秘鲁中部的一家矿业公司如何开发一个经济发展项目,他们向一些家庭分发豚鼠(Cavia porcellus),以促进其商业化,目的是帮助社区增加其他收入来源。然而,这些动物传统上是在社区内交换的,它们作为市场商品的引入并不受欢迎。随着时间的推移,社区成员失去了通过交换豚鼠来建立和繁殖社会关系的方式。
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引用次数: 0
"Mi necesidad es mi comida, somos adultos mayores que ya no producimos, pero estamos consumiendo": Eating citizenship during the first wave of the Peruvian Covid quarantine “我的需求就是我的食物,我们是不再生产但仍在消费的老年人”:秘鲁Covid - 19第一波隔离期间的饮食公民
IF 0.3 0 HUMANITIES, MULTIDISCIPLINARY Pub Date : 2023-03-01 DOI: 10.1353/tla.2023.0003
Rodney J. Reynolds, Lorena Rey, Diego Otero-Oyague, A. Zevallos-Morales, Ivonne Carrión, Vanessa Patiño, José F. Parodi, J. Hurst, O. Flores-Flores
Abstract:Based on qualitative interviews conducted by a multi-disciplinary team of health researchers with 40 adults over the age of 60 during the first wave of the Covid pandemic in Lima, Peru this article considers what eating might suggest about contemporary Peruvian citizenship as conceptualized by older adults. I argue that the way that older adults have been culturally imagined as vulnerable by the government competes with other identities that these adults would like to claim. How they choose to enact citizenship revolves around food access and availability for themselves and their families. As a result they emerge as a group that can eschew blanket protections through imposed restrictions and so become a public that must be heard, represented and served.
摘要:本文基于多学科健康研究团队在秘鲁利马新冠肺炎疫情第一波期间对40名60岁以上成年人进行的定性采访,考虑了老年人对饮食可能对当代秘鲁公民身份产生的影响。我认为,政府在文化上认为老年人易受伤害的方式与这些成年人想要声称的其他身份相竞争。他们如何选择获得公民身份取决于他们自己和家人的食物获取和供应情况。因此,他们成为了一个可以通过施加限制来避免全面保护的群体,从而成为一个必须被倾听、代表和服务的公众。
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引用次数: 0
Contributors Page 贡献者页面
IF 0.3 0 HUMANITIES, MULTIDISCIPLINARY Pub Date : 2023-03-01 DOI: 10.1353/tla.2023.0006
Manuela Borzone, J. Buchanan, J. Rausch, Damon Reed, Alexandra Rodríguez Sabogal, M. Bonner, Stephen D. Morris, Aileen Teague, A. Moulton, Eric D. Carter, Quintijn B. Kat
Abstract:Throughout his extensive literary career, Jorge Luis Borges contributed to the study of Argentine gauchesca, the nineteenth-century genre about frontier life centered on the life of the gaucho. His essays “La poesía gauchesca” (1928) and “El escritor argentino y la tradición” (1932) criticized the hyperbolic praise nationalist scholars such as Leopoldo Lugones and Ricardo Rojas had bestowed upon José Hernández’s Martín Fierro (1872) on the eve of Argentina’s centennial celebrations at the turn of the twentieth century. In gauchesca, Borges saw problematic characters which prompted questions regarding what type of nation could result from the glorification of violence such as that found in gauchesca.As a result of his criticisms of the genre, Borges’s gaucho short stories “Biografía de Tadeo Isidoro Cruz (1829–1874)” and “El Sur,” are understood as some of the last vestiges of gauchesca, and “El fin” as the coup de grâce that prompted the genre’s death. However, this article proposes a closer examination of these stories and essays to reveal that Borges ends a mode of reading gauchesca, not gauchesca itself, arguing that Borges ultimately offers a generic path forward for future writers of the genre.
摘要:在其广泛的文学生涯中,豪尔赫·路易斯·博尔赫斯对阿根廷高切斯卡的研究做出了贡献,这是一种以高乔人的生活为中心的19世纪关于边疆生活的流派。他的散文《高切斯卡之诗》(1928年)和《阿根廷与传统》(1932年)批评了利奥波德·卢戈内斯和里卡多·罗哈斯等民族主义学者在二十世纪之交阿根廷百年庆典前夕对何塞·埃尔南德斯的马丁·费罗(1872年)的夸张赞扬。在《高切斯卡》中,博尔赫斯看到了一些有问题的人物,这引发了人们的疑问,即对暴力的美化会导致什么样的国家,比如在《高切斯卡》中发现的暴力。由于他对这一类型的批评,博尔赫斯的高乔短篇小说“Biografía de Tadeo Isidoro Cruz(1829–1874)”和“El Sur”被认为是高切斯卡的最后遗迹,而“El fin”则被认为是促使这一类型消亡的政变。然而,这篇文章建议对这些故事和散文进行更深入的研究,以揭示博尔赫斯结束了一种阅读高切斯卡的模式,而不是高切斯卡本身,认为博尔赫斯最终为未来的这一类型的作家提供了一条通用的前进道路。
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引用次数: 0
"A Tincture Of Madness": Benjamin Franklin's Printing Network In The Caribbean “疯狂的酊剂”:本杰明·富兰克林在加勒比海的印刷网络
IF 0.3 0 HUMANITIES, MULTIDISCIPLINARY Pub Date : 2023-03-01 DOI: 10.1353/tla.2023.0001
Ralph R. Frasca
Abstract:Benjamin Franklin made several attempts to plant a printing partner in Antigua during the mid-eighteenth century. He had many reasons for doing so, including financial gain, extension of his printing empire, promotion of certain workers, a desire to succeed where others had failed, and his moral ambition to disseminate virtue throughout the British colonies. He crafted many of these printing partnerships throughout his life, most of them successful. However, his Antigua venture was perhaps the riskiest and most difficult. This article tells the story of what Franklin did in Antigua, why, and how it fared.
摘要:18世纪中期,本杰明·富兰克林曾多次尝试在安提瓜建立印刷合作伙伴。他这样做有很多原因,包括经济利益,扩展他的印刷帝国,提升某些工人,渴望在别人失败的地方取得成功,以及他在整个英国殖民地传播美德的道德抱负。他一生中建立了许多这样的印刷合作伙伴关系,其中大多数都很成功。然而,他在安提瓜的冒险可能是最冒险和最困难的。这篇文章讲述了富兰克林在安提瓜做了什么,为什么做,以及结果如何。
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引用次数: 0
Reading Inhumanity Through Depictions of Africans and Their Descendants in the Casta Paintings of New Spain 从新西班牙卡斯塔绘画中对非洲人及其后裔的描绘看非人道主义
IF 0.3 0 HUMANITIES, MULTIDISCIPLINARY Pub Date : 2023-03-01 DOI: 10.1353/tla.2023.0002
Aubrey Hobart
Abstract:In the eighteenth century, artists in Mexico began producing sets of casta paintings. Depicting nuclear families where each member represents a different caste, these works carried a number of ideological messages; they codified a racialized hierarchy in the colony with white Spaniards at the top, advertised the abundant and exotic resources of the New World, tried to demonstrate that local administrators had control of an orderly society, and were meant to improve the social and economic status of painters.Casta paintings carried a crueler message as well. By representing Africans and their descendants as inclined to violence, deceitful, uncivilized, and close to nature, Mexican artists aided in the normalization of racism and slavery, and discouraged miscegenation. A non-white wife, they warned, was liable to attack her husband, as in the painting De español y negra, nace mulata by Andrés de Islas, or produce visibly dark-skinned children, as in the painting De español y albina, torna atrás by Miguel Cabrera. In short, casta paintings repeatedly indicated, both subtly and overtly, that Africans and their American-born offspring in New Spain were not considered fully human.
摘要:在18世纪,墨西哥的艺术家们开始制作卡斯塔绘画。这些作品描绘了每个成员代表不同种姓的核心家庭,传递了许多意识形态信息;他们在殖民地建立了一种种族化的等级制度,以西班牙白人为最高,宣传新大陆丰富的异国资源,试图证明地方管理者控制着一个有序的社会,并旨在提高画家的社会和经济地位。卡斯塔的画作也传达了更残酷的信息。通过将非洲人和他们的后代描绘成倾向于暴力、欺骗、不文明和接近自然的人,墨西哥艺术家帮助了种族主义和奴隶制的正常化,并阻止了异族通婚。他们警告说,非白人妻子可能会攻击丈夫,就像安德里萨斯·德·伊斯拉斯的画作《De español y negra, nace mulata》一样,或者生下明显皮肤黝黑的孩子,就像米格尔·卡布雷拉的画作《De español y albina, torna atrás》一样。简而言之,卡斯塔绘画反复地或隐晦或公开地表明,非洲人和他们在美国出生的后代在新西班牙不被视为完全的人类。
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引用次数: 0
"Pedro 'Pete' Augusto del Valle: The Americanization of Puerto Rico and the U.S. Far Right" Pedro 'Pete' Augusto del Valle:波多黎各的美国化和美国极右翼
IF 0.3 0 HUMANITIES, MULTIDISCIPLINARY Pub Date : 2023-03-01 DOI: 10.1353/tla.2023.0005
M. Wright
Abstract:This article uses the career of Pedro Augusto del Valle as a lens through which to explore Puerto Rican responses to U.S. colonialism, and the islanders' influence on mid-twentieth century domestic politics, both of which are often elided in the literature. Most of the scholarship on Puerto Rico focuses on pro-independence or autonomist figures and movements. In contrast, Del Valle embraced Americanization and American Empire, before becoming an influential figure in the U.S. far right in the mid-twentieth century. Though Del Valle was an outlier, he was not unique. Rather, this study contends that he is one example of a group of Puerto Rican elites and military officers who embraced a white, American, and Christian identity. Moreover, it argues that the omission of these figures from the historical record has produced an overly simplified narrative of the evolution of Puerto Rican nationalism and obscured both Puerto Ricans' contributions to U.S. foreign policy in Latin America and the diverse origins of the U.S. Far Right.
摘要:本文以佩德罗·奥古斯托·德尔·瓦莱的职业生涯为视角,探讨波多黎各人对美国殖民主义的反应,以及岛民对20世纪中期国内政治的影响,这两者在文学中往往被忽略。关于波多黎各的大部分学术都集中在支持独立或自治的人物和运动上。相比之下,德尔·瓦莱在20世纪中期成为美国极右翼的一位有影响力的人物之前,接受了美国化和美利坚帝国。尽管德尔瓦莱是个异类,但他并不是独一无二的。相反,这项研究认为,他是一群波多黎各精英和军官中的一个例子,他们信奉白人、美国人和基督徒的身份。此外,它认为,历史记录中遗漏了这些数字,对波多黎各民族主义的演变进行了过于简化的叙述,并掩盖了波多黎各人对美国在拉丁美洲外交政策的贡献以及美国极右翼的不同起源。
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引用次数: 0
Collective Biologies: Healing Social Ills through Sexual Health Research in Mexico by Emily A. Wentzell (review) 《集体生物学:通过墨西哥性健康研究治愈社会弊病》作者:Emily A. Wentzell
IF 0.3 0 HUMANITIES, MULTIDISCIPLINARY Pub Date : 2022-12-01 DOI: 10.1353/tla.2022.0042
W. Sorensen
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引用次数: 1
Oaxaca Resurgent: Indigeneity, Development, and Inequality in Twentieth-Century Mexico by Alan Shane Dillingham (review) 《瓦哈卡复兴:二十世纪墨西哥的愤怒、发展和不平等》,Alan Shane Dillingham著(综述)
IF 0.3 0 HUMANITIES, MULTIDISCIPLINARY Pub Date : 2022-12-01 DOI: 10.1353/tla.2022.0043
Eben Levey
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引用次数: 0
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