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A new frontier for real-time systems - Lessons from molecular biology 实时系统的新前沿——分子生物学的教训
Pub Date : 2007-03-22 DOI: 10.1109/SECON.2007.342890
N. Ackovska, S. Bozinovski, G. Jovancevski
In this paper, we are presenting a bionic approach towards real-time systems research. Observing that a cell is a real-time computing, but also a producing, system, the work presented here explores the analogy between the real-time computer systems (and their management) and the molecular biology control systems. This paper is a further elaboration of the idea that the DNA is indeed a real-time system. It also gives insight into how knowledge obtained from the biological systems could lead to further evolution and improvement of the human-made complex real-time systems.
在本文中,我们提出了一种用于实时系统研究的仿生方法。观察到一个细胞是一个实时计算,但也是一个生产系统,这里提出的工作探索了实时计算机系统(及其管理)和分子生物学控制系统之间的类比。这篇论文进一步阐述了DNA确实是一个实时系统的观点。它还提供了洞察如何从生物系统获得的知识可能导致进一步的进化和人类制造的复杂的实时系统的改进。
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引用次数: 5
Computer-based physical therapy: A case study on four post-acute stroke patients 基于计算机的物理治疗:4例急性脑卒中后患者的个案研究
Pub Date : 2007-03-22 DOI: 10.1109/SECON.2007.342927
F. O. Akinladejo
This research investigates the outcome of using a computer-based therapy program in ambulatory training for post-acute stroke patients. Patients with stroke typically suffer dysfunctions that impair the complex set of motions involved in walking. The limited amount of therapy and resources offered by the current health care system do not provide the frequency and intensity of training needed for functional recovery of the walking skills in patients following stroke assaults. This non-traditional intervention research technique therefore sought to develop an alternative method capable of providing the frequency and intensity needed for improving the walking skills in post-acute stroke patients. The work also attempted to show how skills gained in virtual environments transfer to the real world. The work employed the case study method to report the results observed from four post-acute stroke patients who trained on the non-traditional intervention program for about half an hour per day, five days a week, for a period of four consecutive weeks at the out-patient department of the Sir John Golding Rehabilitation Center. The patients performed a computer-based painting exercise with their hemiplegic legs using a head-mounted display, and their gait variables were recorded and analyzed to determine the usefulness of the program in ambulatory training for post-acute stroke patients. A follow up examination conducted one week after the intervention sought to determine whether the patients could perform the skills learned on the computer-based intervention program in the real world. The results of the research showed that all the patients improved on their gait parameters and could walk better. An observational gait analysis conducted one week post-intervention showed that the skills gained in the virtual environment transferred to real-world conditions. The study contributes to the current effort to provide wider access to therapeutic intervention techniques using computer technology.
本研究调查了在急性脑卒中后患者门诊训练中使用计算机治疗程序的结果。中风患者通常会出现功能障碍,这些功能障碍会损害行走时的一系列复杂动作。目前卫生保健系统提供的治疗和资源有限,无法提供中风患者行走技能功能恢复所需的训练频率和强度。因此,这种非传统干预研究技术寻求开发一种替代方法,能够提供改善急性卒中后患者行走技能所需的频率和强度。这项工作还试图展示在虚拟环境中获得的技能如何转移到现实世界中。本研究采用个案研究的方法,报告了四个急性中风后患者的观察结果,这些患者在约翰·戈尔丁爵士康复中心的门诊部接受了为期四周的非传统干预项目的训练,每天大约半小时,每周五天。患者使用头戴式显示器对他们的偏瘫腿进行基于计算机的绘画练习,并记录和分析他们的步态变量,以确定该程序在急性中风后患者的门诊训练中的有用性。干预一周后进行的随访检查旨在确定患者是否能够在现实世界中执行基于计算机的干预计划中学到的技能。研究结果表明,所有患者的步态参数都有所改善,行走能力更好。干预一周后进行的观察性步态分析表明,在虚拟环境中获得的技能转移到了现实世界的条件下。这项研究有助于目前使用计算机技术提供更广泛的治疗干预技术。
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引用次数: 2
Interdisciplinary design of a near space vehicle 近空间飞行器的跨学科设计
Pub Date : 2007-03-22 DOI: 10.1109/SECON.2007.342938
M. Marcel, J. Baker
The design of an efficient, long operation near space vehicle will require the effort of researchers in various disciplines. With contributions from aerospace, mechanical and electrical engineers, this goal can be certainly attainable. Aerospace engineers can simulate and design the aerodynamic properties of the vehicle. Mechanical engineers can aid in this process, but their responsibility lies in the mechanics of the propulsion system and any mechanical actuation that needs to be performed in the payload or vehicle. The electrical engineer's primary responsibility is with the power management system. Although this is their primary responsibility, the electrical engineer can also have responsibilities in the propulsion system, controller and communication system. This paper highlights the major tasks required to design a near space vehicle and focuses on the responsibilities of the electrical engineer during the design process.
设计一种高效、长期运行的近太空飞行器需要各学科研究人员的努力。有了航空航天、机械和电气工程师的贡献,这个目标肯定可以实现。航空工程师可以模拟和设计飞行器的空气动力学特性。机械工程师可以在这个过程中提供帮助,但他们的责任在于推进系统的力学和任何需要在有效载荷或飞行器中执行的机械驱动。电气工程师的主要职责是电源管理系统。虽然这是他们的主要职责,但电气工程师也可以在推进系统,控制器和通信系统中承担责任。本文重点介绍了近空间飞行器设计的主要任务,重点介绍了电气工程师在设计过程中的职责。
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引用次数: 13
WiMAX: A key to bridging the digital divide WiMAX:弥合数字鸿沟的关键
Pub Date : 2007-03-22 DOI: 10.1109/SECON.2007.342874
A. Yarali, Bwanga Mbula, Ajay Tumula
The telecommunication industry is expected to continue to grow as demand increases for cable and high-speed Internet in previously unserviced locations, and as local telephone companies upgrade their lines in response to increasing competition. This paper identifies mobile Worldwide Interoperability for Microwave Access (WiMAX) as a cost effective solution to answering the challenges posed by the digital divide. It looks at the digital divide and why it still persists. It also looks at the technology behind mobile Worldwide Interoperability for Microwave Access (WiMAX), and makes a comparison with two enhanced third generation (3G) technologies that are potential competitors to WiMAX. It then goes on describe the business models in WiMAX and states some of the benefits and drawbacks of a mobile WiMAX network.
随着以前没有服务的地区对电缆和高速互联网的需求增加,以及当地电话公司为应对日益激烈的竞争而升级线路,电信行业预计将继续增长。本文确定了移动全球微波接入互操作性(WiMAX)作为一种经济有效的解决方案,以应对数字鸿沟带来的挑战。它着眼于数字鸿沟以及为什么它仍然存在。它还研究了移动全球微波接入互操作性(WiMAX)背后的技术,并与两种增强的第三代(3G)技术进行了比较,这两种技术是WiMAX的潜在竞争对手。接着描述了WiMAX的商业模式,并陈述了移动WiMAX网络的一些优点和缺点。
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引用次数: 33
Development of ultra miniature 1-french sensors for wireless radial arterial pressure monitoring 无线桡动脉压监测用超微型1-french传感器的研制
Pub Date : 2007-03-22 DOI: 10.1109/SECON.2007.342851
U. Gowrishetty, K. Walsh, H. Millar, J. Aebersold, M. Crain, D. Jackson, J. Naber
Miniaturized pressure sensors attached to catheters have numerous applications in the biomedical and life science fields including the monitoring of arterial, ventricular, intracranial and intraocular pressures. Recent advances in MEMS (microelectromechanical systems) technology and its associated fabrication processes, such as DRIE (deep reactive ion etching), have allowed for further miniaturization of these devices, expanding the application landscape to include small animal models and new human applications. One such human application is the wireless measurement of radial arterial blood pressure (BP). The goal of this research program is to produce a truly portable wireless radial arterial monitoring system using a custom-designed ultra-miniature pressure sensor appropriately sized to fit within the tip of a 1-French catheter (333 micron), so that convenient in-vivo measurements of BP are possible. The proposed system consists of two assemblies. The sensor, catheter, and wristband containing the battery and telemetry circuit form one assembly and the portable wireless PDA-sized transceiver module forms the other. This paper reports on the custom miniature MEMS pressure sensor developed for this application.
附着在导管上的微型压力传感器在生物医学和生命科学领域有许多应用,包括监测动脉、心室、颅内压和眼压。MEMS(微机电系统)技术及其相关制造工艺的最新进展,如DRIE(深度反应离子蚀刻),使这些设备进一步小型化,扩大了应用领域,包括小动物模型和新的人类应用。其中一个应用就是无线测量桡动脉血压(BP)。这项研究计划的目标是生产一种真正便携式无线桡动脉监测系统,该系统使用定制设计的超微型压力传感器,其大小适合1-French导管(333微米)的尖端,因此方便的体内血压测量成为可能。提议的系统由两个组件组成。包含电池和遥测电路的传感器、导管和腕带构成一个组件,便携式无线pda大小的收发模块构成另一个组件。本文报道了针对该应用开发的定制微型MEMS压力传感器。
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引用次数: 2
Conveying cell relationships in a reporting environment 在报告环境中传递单元关系
Pub Date : 2007-03-22 DOI: 10.1109/SECON.2007.342861
R. Goodwin
Consider the problem of tracking a survey's cost and progress. Management must monitor the costs of the survey on a routine basis to ensure that actual expenditures do not exceed the budgeted dollar amounts. Management must monitor the progress of the survey on a routine basis to ensure that work was completed on time. This paper discussed the automated reporting environment by which cost and progress can be monitored. Given that seven systems must be polled for the information and ten reports must be developed, it becomes difficult for the programmer to comprehend where the data originates for the cells in the reports. A somewhat simple means were developed to show the cell relationships with-in reports and between reports using a tree structure. Having the cell relationships in the requirements documentation eases the programming burden as well as tracing the final product back to the requirements and specifications.
考虑跟踪调查的成本和进度的问题。管理部门必须定期监测调查的费用,以确保实际支出不超过预算的美元数额。管理层必须定期监察调查的进度,以确保工作按时完成。本文讨论了可以监控成本和进度的自动化报告环境。由于必须轮询7个系统来获取信息,并且必须开发10个报告,因此程序员很难理解报告中单元格的数据来自何处。开发了一种比较简单的方法来使用树形结构显示报表内部和报表之间的单元关系。在需求文档中拥有单元关系可以减轻编程负担,并将最终产品追溯到需求和规范。
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引用次数: 1
Designing a pH data acquisition and logging device using an inexpensive microcontroller 利用廉价的微控制器设计一种pH值数据采集和测井设备
Pub Date : 2007-03-22 DOI: 10.1109/SECON.2007.342888
C.S. Misal, J. Conrad
Accurate measurement and analysis of pH data is required for a multitude of applications ranging from the agricultural sector to clinical laboratories. In many of these applications an inexpensive hand-held unit is needed. This paper describes a low cost and low power pH sensing and data logging system using a Renesas microcontroller and pH sensor. This paper describes the sensor data acquisition and data logging system including details of its construction, capabilities and applications.
从农业部门到临床实验室的众多应用都需要对pH数据进行准确的测量和分析。在许多这样的应用中,需要一种廉价的手持设备。本文介绍了一种采用瑞萨微控制器和pH传感器的低成本、低功耗pH传感和数据记录系统。本文介绍了传感器数据采集和数据记录系统的组成、功能和应用。
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引用次数: 7
Test facility for a hybrid fuel cell electric vehicle 混合燃料电池电动汽车的测试设施
Pub Date : 2007-03-22 DOI: 10.1109/SECON.2007.342998
M. Marcel, T. Haskew, K. Williams
The electric vehicle concept is gaining momentum in competing with the internal combustion (IC) based vehicle due to rising fuel prices and demands for alternative energy vehicles. Particularly, fuel cell electric vehicles are gaining attention as a real alternative to the pure IC engine vehicle. Because of this emerging technology, considerable research into the configurations of these fuel cell electric vehicle systems is being considered. The main components include the main power supply, an energy storage system to increase the power density of the system, a DC-DC converter to supply energy to the energy storage system or vehicle accessories and the motor drive. Because these systems are expensive and potentially unsafe when testing new algorithms, there is a need for a static power system test facility. This test facility will include any or all of the components of the actual fuel cell electric vehicle system and can be used to simulate behavior of the system and optimize it. This paper presents such a system that was simulated using MATLABreg Simulink and implemented in hardware for testing of emerging electric vehicle systems at the University of Alabama's Electro-Mechanical Systems Laboratory (EMSyL).
随着燃料价格的上涨和对替代能源汽车的需求,电动汽车概念正在与内燃汽车(IC)竞争。特别是,燃料电池电动汽车作为纯IC发动机汽车的真正替代品而受到关注。由于这项新兴技术,对这些燃料电池电动汽车系统的配置进行了大量的研究。主要部件包括主电源、用于增加系统功率密度的储能系统、用于向储能系统或车辆附件提供能量的DC-DC变换器和电机驱动器。由于这些系统昂贵且在测试新算法时可能不安全,因此需要静态电力系统测试设施。该测试设施将包括实际燃料电池电动汽车系统的任何或所有组件,可用于模拟系统的行为并对其进行优化。本文介绍了这样一个系统,使用matlab Simulink进行仿真,并在硬件上实现,用于阿拉巴马大学机电系统实验室(EMSyL)新兴电动汽车系统的测试。
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引用次数: 5
Implementation of wireless-fidelity (Wi-Fi) instruments for rural areas of North Carolina 北卡罗莱纳州农村地区无线保真(Wi-Fi)仪器的实施
Pub Date : 2007-03-22 DOI: 10.1109/SECON.2007.342979
M. Haywood, D. Brown, D. Dunn
Technology has allowed for increased feasibility and productivity in our daily lives. This research will promote the use of universal broadband access to individuals located around the proposed research region, investigate the current state of wireless networks, and provide an evaluation on how effective Wi-Fi technologies can be used to connect individuals in remote areas of the geographic research regions. This includes, but is not limited to, gathering, analyzing, and distributing data as it pertains to Wi-Fi for regions where the technology is not available. Additionally, this research will focus on Wi-Fi's history, security and speed, its connection with war-driving and the business sector, and its integration with PlaceLab. Lastly, research will be conducted throughout the Midwest region of Greensboro NC to implement better use of Wi-Fi. The primary aim of this research is to build solutions related to Wi-Fi implementation issues using data collected to expand the coverage area of underdeveloped regions of North Carolina.
科技提高了我们日常生活的可行性和生产力。本研究将促进对拟建研究区域周围的个人使用普遍宽带接入,调查无线网络的现状,并评估如何有效地使用Wi-Fi技术来连接地理研究区域偏远地区的个人。这包括但不限于收集、分析和分发与Wi-Fi有关的数据,因为它适用于技术不可用的地区。此外,本研究将重点关注Wi-Fi的历史、安全性和速度,它与战争驱动和商业部门的连接,以及它与PlaceLab的集成。最后,研究将在北卡罗来纳州格林斯博罗的中西部地区进行,以更好地利用Wi-Fi。本研究的主要目的是利用收集的数据建立与Wi-Fi实施问题相关的解决方案,以扩大北卡罗来纳州欠发达地区的覆盖范围。
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引用次数: 2
Reduced current class AB radio receiver stages using novel superlinear transistors with parallel NMOS and PMOS transistors at one GHz 采用新型超线性晶体管,在1 GHz频率下并联NMOS和PMOS晶体管,降低了AB类无线电接收机的电流级
Pub Date : 2007-03-22 DOI: 10.1109/SECON.2007.342852
D. Lieu, T. Weldon
Class AB amplifier stages are commonly used to conserve power in radio transmitters. In this paper, a Class AB amplifier stage is investigated for use in radio receivers to reduce power consumption. In this, a novel superlinear three-terminal transistor consisting of an NMOS transistor in parallel with a PMOS transistor is used to improve Class AB linearity to a level approaching Class A performance. Optimum transistor bias conditions for the linearized Class AB receiver stage are also presented. Measured and simulated results at 1 GHz show supply current reduction of approximately 40 percent and 4 dB improvement in third order intercept point using linearization. Finally, simulations of an improved Class AB design show third order output intercept better than a corresponding Class A stage and show more than 50 percent reduction in power consumption.
AB类放大器级通常用于无线电发射机中节省功率。本文研究了一种用于无线电接收机的AB类放大器级,以降低功耗。在此,一种新型的超线性三端晶体管由NMOS晶体管与PMOS晶体管并联组成,用于将AB类线性度提高到接近a类性能的水平。给出了线性化AB类接收级的最佳晶体管偏置条件。在1ghz的测量和模拟结果表明,使用线性化,电源电流降低了约40%,三阶截距点提高了4db。最后,改进的AB级设计的仿真表明,三阶输出截距优于相应的a级,并且功耗降低50%以上。
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引用次数: 1
期刊
Proceedings 2007 IEEE SoutheastCon
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