Pub Date : 2023-05-16DOI: 10.1163/15699846-02301005
Dag T.T. Haug, Brian D. Joseph, Anna Roussou
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Pub Date : 2023-05-16DOI: 10.1163/15699846-02301003
José A. Berenguer-Sánchez
The spellings -ις, -ιν instead of -ιος, -ιον are a characteristic feature of Koine Greek. The circumstances in which they arose have constituted a vexed question. Their presence in Egyptian Greek documentary papyri from III BC to VIII AD stands out. Nowadays it is possible, thanks to new digital tools, to access all the regularized spellings in modern editions. Analysis and typological comparison allow us to rethink the hypotheses put forward in previous studies. In particular, it is useful not to study these spellings independently of the spellings -oῦ, -ῶ(ι) instead of -ίου, -ίω(ι). The graphic omission of ⟨o⟩ in some forms and of ⟨ι⟩ in others reflects different results of a vowel hiatus resolution process in sequences of increasing sonority [i.V(C)]. This process is gradient and different allophones could be represented by the same spelling. Of the possible factors for the omission of ⟨o⟩ or ⟨ι⟩, the word accent distribution is the basic cause determining the final form. However, as usually happens in processes of vowel hiatus resolution in other languages, other internal or external factors may also have influenced the results. Due to this gradience in the process and the distinction of glides of different types, the effect of V1 (converted into a glide) on the previous consonant could be different from what has been documented in [Cj] groups in other stages of Greek.
拼写-ις，-ιί而不是-ιις。它们产生的环境构成了一个棘手的问题。他们出现在埃及-希腊纪录片《papyri from III》中 BC至VIII AD脱颖而出。如今，由于有了新的数字工具，可以访问现代版本中所有的规则拼写。分析和类型学比较使我们能够重新思考先前研究中提出的假设。特别是，不要独立于拼写来研究这些拼写是有用的-oῦ, -ῶ（ι） 而不是-ίρ-ίω（ι）。某些形式的⟨o⟩和其他形式的10.216;ι10217的图形省略反映了元音间断分解过程的不同结果，该过程是梯度的，不同的变体可以用相同的拼写表示。在省略o或ι的可能因素中，重音分布是决定最终形式的基本原因。然而，正如其他语言中元音间断解析过程中通常发生的那样，其他内部或外部因素也可能影响结果。由于这一过程的渐进性和不同类型滑音的区别，V1（转换为滑音）对前一个辅音的影响可能与希腊语其他阶段[Cj]组中记录的不同。
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Pub Date : 2023-05-16DOI: 10.1163/15699846-02301004
A.J. Murphy, Stanley Dubinsky
We examine here the distribution of morphological case (e.g., accusative, genitive, and dative) among object complements of monotransitive verbs in Classical Greek (CG). Accusative-marked objects are generally deemed to be direct objects (DO), while dative- and genitive-marked complements are typically treated as syntactically or semantically separate, sometimes being treated as objects bearing exceptional/semantic/quirky case and sometimes being analyzed simply as indirect objects (IO). Restricting our focus to verbs which have a single complement, we can observe that the distribution of accusative (ACC), genitive (GEN), and dative (DAT) marking on these in CG is atypical. CG productively places DAT and GEN NP s alongside ACC NP s as a singular complement to monotransitive verbs, allowing them to occupy what would normally be thought of as the direct-object position, but for their GEN and DAT case-marking. We offer an analysis of these verbs and their semanto-syntactic collocations, seeking to understand what is communicated through the marking of either ACC, GEN, or DAT on complement NP s. We find first that ACC and GEN-marking verbs interact in a transitivity hierarchy, being set apart by the change of state of the object (following an analysis laid out by Luraghi 2010). Second, we find that DAT-marking verbs exist outside of this hierarchy, making up their own productive class of interaction verbs, those which denote a complex series of overlapping subevents (first laid out by Blume 1998). Thus, this study offers an analysis of a wide array of ACC, GEN, and DAT case-marking verbs collected from a corpus of nine Classical Greek authors, providing the first statistical analysis of the conundrum of ‘atypical’ case-selection patterns of Classical Greek monotransitive verbs, wherein non-ACC cases are used to mark what appear to be DO s.
我们在这里考察了古希腊语中单及物动词宾语补语的形态格（如宾格、属格和与格）的分布。被标记的宾语通常被认为是直接宾语（DO），而与格和属格被标记的补语通常被视为句法或语义上独立的，有时被视为带有特殊/语义/古怪格的宾语，有时被简单地分析为间接宾语（IO）。将我们的注意力局限于具有单个补语的动词，我们可以观察到，在CG中宾格（ACC）、属格（GEN）和与格（DAT）标记在这些动词上的分布是非典型的。CG有效地放置DAT和GEN NP s与ACC NP并排 s作为单及物动词的单数补语，允许它们占据通常被认为是直接宾语的位置，但用于GEN和DAT格标记。我们对这些动词及其语义句法搭配进行了分析，试图理解通过在补语NP上标记ACC、GEN或DAT来传达什么 s。我们首先发现，ACC和GEN标记动词在及物性层次中相互作用，通过宾语的状态变化来区分（根据Luraghi 2010年的分析）。其次，我们发现DAT标记动词存在于这一层次之外，构成了它们自己的互动动词的生产类，这些互动动词表示一系列复杂的重叠子事件（首先由Blume于1998年提出）。因此，本研究对从九位古希腊作者的语料库中收集的大量ACC、GEN和DAT格标记动词进行了分析，首次对古希腊单及物动词的“非典型”格选择模式这一难题进行了统计分析，其中非ACC格用于标记似乎是DO的内容 s
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Pub Date : 2022-11-29DOI: 10.1163/15699846-tat00001
Michele Bianconi, E. Magni
This article offers new insights on the status of the optative in New Testament Greek, mapping it against the diachronic encoding of modality in Ancient Greek in light of typology and pragmatics. Virtually all available scholarship on the subject focusses on the ‘decline’ of the optative; in this article, we choose to focus on its survival in fixed expressions and specific types of speech acts. Through a comprehensive reanalysis of the New Testament data, we argue that the optative is ‘pushed out’ of the strict domain of modality and syntax and into that of illocution and pragmatics. Evidence from ancient grammatical thought, sociolinguistics, and language contact corroborates this view.
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Pub Date : 2022-11-11DOI: 10.1163/15699846-02202002
Emilia Ruiz Yamuza
The purpose of the article is an in-depth study of the pragmatic and textual functions of several conditional clauses of ancient Greek constructed with verbs meaning “to want”. As a prior step, six types of structures are identified applying Thetical Grammar concepts and the idea of insubordination: five of these are parenthetical, and one is insubordinate. The structures work in the domain of speaker/hearer interaction, the domain of text organisation—reformulators and exemplifiers—and the domain of expressing the speaker’s attitudes.
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Pub Date : 2022-11-11DOI: 10.1163/15699846-02202001
Ezra la Roi
While ancient metalinguistic resources such as lexica and scholia are increasingly studied in the field of ancient scholarship (Montanari 2020), they are investigated less within the historical sociolinguistics of Ancient Greek. Analysing the Atticist lexica by Phrynichus, Moeris and Aelius Dionysius, this article illustrates the historically persistent connection between social perception of and diachronic change within Ancient Greek. Although the historical relevance of Atticist prescriptivism has been observed, the evidence that these social evaluations provide for Post-Classical Greek language change is rarely assessed systematically (except for objectionable ideological reasons). I demonstrate that the Atticist lexica display metalinguistic awareness of the major morphosyntactic changes characterizing Post-Classical Greek (pace Lee 2013:286): paradigmatic (e.g. analogical levelling in verbal system of endings, voice and augment), category changes, category renewal (e.g. dual, pronouns, periphrasis), syntactic change (category expansion of ἔμελλον and τυγχάνω) and case changes (e.g. from case to prepositions).
虽然古代元语言资源，如lexica和scholia在古代学术领域的研究越来越多(Montanari 2020)，但它们在古希腊历史社会语言学领域的研究较少。本文通过分析弗里尼库斯、莫里斯和狄奥尼修斯的艺术家词汇，说明了古希腊社会感知与历时性变化之间的历史持久联系。尽管人们已经观察到阿提斯主义规定主义的历史相关性，但这些社会评价为后古典希腊语言变化提供的证据很少被系统地评估(除了令人反感的意识形态原因)。我论证了唯心主义词典显示了对后古典希腊语主要形态句法变化的元语言意识(pace Lee 2013:286):范式(例如词尾、语态和增词的类比平衡)、范畴变化、范畴更新(例如双音、代词、迂回)、句法变化(ν μελλον和τ ν γχ ν ν的范畴扩展)和格变化(例如从格到介词)。
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Pub Date : 2022-11-11DOI: 10.1163/15699846-02202003
Urtzi Etxeberria, A. Giannakidou
Referentially vague (or ‘ignorance’) indefinites are known to exhibit apparently conflicting behavior: in the singular, they are referentially vague (Giannakidou and Quer 2013, Alonso-Ovalle and Menéndez-Benito 2010, 2011, 2013), but in the plural they appear to depend on a discourse given set. The phenomenon is typically discussed in the context of Spanish algún/algunos (Gutiérrez-Rexach 2001, 2010, Martí 2008, 2009); but in this paper we offer extensive novel data from the Greek indefinites kapjos/kapjoi exhibiting the same asymmetry between the singular and the plural. The apparent conflict between the two variants, we propose, is just that—apparent: the indefinites remain referentially vague in both uses. Referential vagueness is not at odds with discourse familiarity, and the apparent differences between the singular and the plural follow from NP-ellipsis, the potential topicality of the indefinite, and the way vagueness interacts with plurality.
指称模糊(或“无知”)不定词表现出明显的冲突行为:在单数情况下，它们是指称模糊的(Giannakidou and Quer 2013, Alonso-Ovalle and men endez - benito 2010, 2011, 2013)，但在复数情况下，它们似乎依赖于话语给定集。这一现象通常在西班牙语algún/algunos (guti2013.2013.2010, Martí 2008, 2009)的背景下进行讨论;但在本文中，我们提供了大量来自希腊语不定数kapjos/kapjoi的新数据，显示了单数和复数之间同样的不对称。我们认为，这两种变体之间的明显冲突只是显而易见的:在这两种用法中，不定词都是指涉模糊的。指称模糊与话语熟悉度并不矛盾，单数和复数之间的明显差异源于np省略、不确定的潜在话题性以及模糊与复数相互作用的方式。
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Pub Date : 2022-04-26DOI: 10.1163/15699846-02201001
Nikos Koutsoukos, E. Karantzola
This paper examines double marking of the past feature in verbal formations with preverbs in Early Modern Greek (16th c.). This period is characterized by great linguistic variation reflected in every type of text. We compiled a dataset of 268 formations from a corpus which includes 250 excerpts of prose texts (155,717 words in total). Our analysis is based on quantitative and qualitative criteria. We argue that double marking of the past feature in this period can take two forms, that is, it can be realized as two distinct prefixes (explicit multiple exponence), or it can be realized by one verbal augment (prefix) and as part of the information carried by the verbal allomorph (implicit multiple exponence). The double exponence of this inflectional feature hints at a process of externalization of inflection, while pleonastic exponence of the past feature related to stem allomorphy can be explained as a tendency for explicit exponents of inflectional features.
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Pub Date : 2022-04-26DOI: 10.1163/15699846-02201002
N. Topintzi
Cypriot Greek geminates have been the subject of much past research and controversy. One major challenge has been their proper syllabification. Another involves their weight status. Taking stock of recent phonetic evidence that supports an inherent mora for Cypriot Greek geminates and tautosyllabicity on the basis of durational effects on the vowel that follows the geminate (Armosti 2011), I build a formal phonological analysis of Cypriot Greek lexical geminates as moraic onsets. The analysis employs WCL (‘weight-and-concomitant-length’), a new theory of gemination designed to handle both the weight and length properties of lexical geminates in comparison to singletons, as attested cross-linguistically. WCL manages to produce both heavy and light geminates on the surface, and dispenses with double linking as a means to express a geminate’s increased length. These features of WCL prove crucial in the analysis of Cypriot Greek. Finally, WCL’s theoretical and typological superiority is furnished through its extensions to other patterns.
{"title":"A new phonological analysis of geminates in Cypriot Greek (and beyond)","authors":"N. Topintzi","doi":"10.1163/15699846-02201002","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1163/15699846-02201002","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 Cypriot Greek geminates have been the subject of much past research and controversy. One major challenge has been their proper syllabification. Another involves their weight status. Taking stock of recent phonetic evidence that supports an inherent mora for Cypriot Greek geminates and tautosyllabicity on the basis of durational effects on the vowel that follows the geminate (Armosti 2011), I build a formal phonological analysis of Cypriot Greek lexical geminates as moraic onsets. The analysis employs WCL (‘weight-and-concomitant-length’), a new theory of gemination designed to handle both the weight and length properties of lexical geminates in comparison to singletons, as attested cross-linguistically. WCL manages to produce both heavy and light geminates on the surface, and dispenses with double linking as a means to express a geminate’s increased length. These features of WCL prove crucial in the analysis of Cypriot Greek. Finally, WCL’s theoretical and typological superiority is furnished through its extensions to other patterns.","PeriodicalId":42386,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Greek Linguistics","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.5,"publicationDate":"2022-04-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48219183","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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