Pub Date : 1900-01-01DOI: 10.1079/9781789245431.0004
S. Sareen, P. Saini, Charan Singh, P. Kumar, S. Sheoran
Abstract This chapter discusses the complexity of drought tolerance in wheat focusing the morphological, biochemical, physiological and molecular responses. The breeding approaches, such as traditional and genomics-assisted strategies, for drought tolerance in wheat are described. Future perspectives are also mentioned. Before wheat genome sequencing, it was very difficult to dissect drought tolerance genomic regions because of large genome size and repetitive sequences. But with the availability of sequencing approaches, a large number of genomic resources has become available which extend the scope of utilization of advanced genomics approaches such as GWAM and GS, MutMap+, etc. A new genome editing approach, the clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats (CRISPR)/CRISPRassociated protein 9 (Cas9) system, can also be utilized for enhancement of drought tolerance in wheat. Therefore, integration of genomic approaches with precise phenotyping is the need of the hour for improving drought tolerance in wheat.
{"title":"Genomics and molecular physiology for improvement of drought tolerance in wheat.","authors":"S. Sareen, P. Saini, Charan Singh, P. Kumar, S. Sheoran","doi":"10.1079/9781789245431.0004","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1079/9781789245431.0004","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract\u0000 This chapter discusses the complexity of drought tolerance in wheat focusing the morphological, biochemical, physiological and molecular responses. The breeding approaches, such as traditional and genomics-assisted strategies, for drought tolerance in wheat are described. Future perspectives are also mentioned. Before wheat genome sequencing, it was very difficult to dissect drought tolerance genomic regions because of large genome size and repetitive sequences. But with the availability of sequencing approaches, a large number of genomic resources has become available which extend the scope of utilization of advanced genomics approaches such as GWAM and GS, MutMap+, etc. A new genome editing approach, the clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats (CRISPR)/CRISPRassociated protein 9 (Cas9) system, can also be utilized for enhancement of drought tolerance in wheat. Therefore, integration of genomic approaches with precise phenotyping is the need of the hour for improving drought tolerance in wheat.","PeriodicalId":424023,"journal":{"name":"Molecular breeding in wheat, maize and sorghum: strategies for improving abiotic stress tolerance and yield","volume":"7 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"123710014","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1900-01-01DOI: 10.1079/9781789245431.0028
K. Hariprasanna, P. Rajendrakumar
Abstract This chapter summarizes the limited efforts that have been undertaken to enhance the micronutrient content in sorghum using molecular breeding approaches. Increasing the micronutrient content of sorghum grain is of paramount importance for alleviating malnutrition since it will help in overcoming the hidden hunger that is prevalent in millions of women and children in the sorghum-growing/consuming regions across the globe. It is known that biofortification involving crop breeding, genetic modification, and even agronomic augmentation of minerals, is a promising strategy that offers immense promise for addressing the challenges posed by micronutrient malnutrition.
{"title":"Molecular breeding for increasing micronutrient content in sorghum.","authors":"K. Hariprasanna, P. Rajendrakumar","doi":"10.1079/9781789245431.0028","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1079/9781789245431.0028","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract\u0000 This chapter summarizes the limited efforts that have been undertaken to enhance the micronutrient content in sorghum using molecular breeding approaches. Increasing the micronutrient content of sorghum grain is of paramount importance for alleviating malnutrition since it will help in overcoming the hidden hunger that is prevalent in millions of women and children in the sorghum-growing/consuming regions across the globe. It is known that biofortification involving crop breeding, genetic modification, and even agronomic augmentation of minerals, is a promising strategy that offers immense promise for addressing the challenges posed by micronutrient malnutrition.","PeriodicalId":424023,"journal":{"name":"Molecular breeding in wheat, maize and sorghum: strategies for improving abiotic stress tolerance and yield","volume":"82 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115967335","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1900-01-01DOI: 10.1079/9781789245431.0007
J. F. Pereira
Abstract This chapter aims at describing the main physiological mechanisms associated with aluminium (Al) resistance in wheat and how the research about these mechanisms has evolved to its current status. Practical aspects of phenotyping and using the molecular basis to increase Al resistance, which can be easily introduced in breeding programmes, are detailed. This chapter discusses the reliability of methods to screen root growth under Al stress, the allelic variation of genes associated with the main Al resistance mechanism in wheat, the quantitative trait loci and genomic regions that might contain minor Al tolerance genes, the use of wheat wild relatives, the uncertainties of developing transgenic wheat for greater Al resistance and the development of Al-resistant lines of durum wheat (Triticum turgidum subsp. durum).
{"title":"Molecular breeding for improving aluminium resistance in wheat.","authors":"J. F. Pereira","doi":"10.1079/9781789245431.0007","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1079/9781789245431.0007","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract\u0000 This chapter aims at describing the main physiological mechanisms associated with aluminium (Al) resistance in wheat and how the research about these mechanisms has evolved to its current status. Practical aspects of phenotyping and using the molecular basis to increase Al resistance, which can be easily introduced in breeding programmes, are detailed. This chapter discusses the reliability of methods to screen root growth under Al stress, the allelic variation of genes associated with the main Al resistance mechanism in wheat, the quantitative trait loci and genomic regions that might contain minor Al tolerance genes, the use of wheat wild relatives, the uncertainties of developing transgenic wheat for greater Al resistance and the development of Al-resistant lines of durum wheat (Triticum turgidum subsp. durum).","PeriodicalId":424023,"journal":{"name":"Molecular breeding in wheat, maize and sorghum: strategies for improving abiotic stress tolerance and yield","volume":"457 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"134381585","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1900-01-01DOI: 10.1079/9781789245431.0019
I. Singh, Krishan Kumar, Prabhat Singh, P. Yadava, S. Rakshit
Abstract This chapter discusses (i) the importance of nitrogen in plant growth and development, (ii) what is nitrogen-use efficiency (NUE) and how to manage it, (iii) traits influencing nitrogen-uptake efficiency including root system architecture, root nitrogen transporter system, and interaction with microorganisms, (iv) traits influencing nitrogen-utilization efficiency, such as nitrate assimilation, canopy photosynthesis per unit of nitrogen, (v) identification and use of quantitative trait loci (QTLs) related to NUE, (vi) identification of nitrogen-responsive genes, and (vii) nitrogen signalling and transduction for improving NUE. Intensive research on molecular and genetic aspects of NUE has led to the identification of many new genes, QTLs and alleles that could be deployed to develop new genotypes. The future direction of the research efforts should be towards understanding the interaction of NUE-related genes with cellular small RNA flux and perturbing the system performance through metabolic engineering and genome editing techniques.
{"title":"Physiological and molecular interventions for improving nitrogen-use efficiency in maize.","authors":"I. Singh, Krishan Kumar, Prabhat Singh, P. Yadava, S. Rakshit","doi":"10.1079/9781789245431.0019","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1079/9781789245431.0019","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract\u0000 This chapter discusses (i) the importance of nitrogen in plant growth and development, (ii) what is nitrogen-use efficiency (NUE) and how to manage it, (iii) traits influencing nitrogen-uptake efficiency including root system architecture, root nitrogen transporter system, and interaction with microorganisms, (iv) traits influencing nitrogen-utilization efficiency, such as nitrate assimilation, canopy photosynthesis per unit of nitrogen, (v) identification and use of quantitative trait loci (QTLs) related to NUE, (vi) identification of nitrogen-responsive genes, and (vii) nitrogen signalling and transduction for improving NUE. Intensive research on molecular and genetic aspects of NUE has led to the identification of many new genes, QTLs and alleles that could be deployed to develop new genotypes. The future direction of the research efforts should be towards understanding the interaction of NUE-related genes with cellular small RNA flux and perturbing the system performance through metabolic engineering and genome editing techniques.","PeriodicalId":424023,"journal":{"name":"Molecular breeding in wheat, maize and sorghum: strategies for improving abiotic stress tolerance and yield","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128491785","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1900-01-01DOI: 10.1079/9781789245431.0025
Tariq Shehzad, K. Okuno
Abstract This chapter overviews the approaches to and application of quantitative trait locus (QTL) mapping and positional cloning of genes controlling important traits related to drought tolerance in sorghum (Sorghum bicolor), which ultimately yields crop improvement and genetic modification. The use of high-throughput phenotyping will help better understand the mechanism involved in response to drought stress by plants. The new paradigm of scientific research should focus on the integration of physiology, genetics, genomics, soil characteristics and breeding to deal with the challenges of food security in the coming years.
{"title":"Quantitative trait locus mapping and genetic improvement to strengthen drought tolerance in sorghum.","authors":"Tariq Shehzad, K. Okuno","doi":"10.1079/9781789245431.0025","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1079/9781789245431.0025","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract\u0000 This chapter overviews the approaches to and application of quantitative trait locus (QTL) mapping and positional cloning of genes controlling important traits related to drought tolerance in sorghum (Sorghum bicolor), which ultimately yields crop improvement and genetic modification. The use of high-throughput phenotyping will help better understand the mechanism involved in response to drought stress by plants. The new paradigm of scientific research should focus on the integration of physiology, genetics, genomics, soil characteristics and breeding to deal with the challenges of food security in the coming years.","PeriodicalId":424023,"journal":{"name":"Molecular breeding in wheat, maize and sorghum: strategies for improving abiotic stress tolerance and yield","volume":"54 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"134116088","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1900-01-01DOI: 10.1079/9781789245431.0026
S. Chakrabarty, André Schaffasz, H. S. Chawla, M. L. Federico, R. Snowdon, S. Windpassinger
Abstract This chapter reviews germplasm sources for and new developments in the identification and implementation of useful genetic diversity for temperate climate adaptation, along with genomics-based methods for breeding of complex, low-heritability traits like abiotic stress tolerance in sorghum.
{"title":"Improving abiotic stress tolerance to adapt sorghum to temperate climatic regions.","authors":"S. Chakrabarty, André Schaffasz, H. S. Chawla, M. L. Federico, R. Snowdon, S. Windpassinger","doi":"10.1079/9781789245431.0026","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1079/9781789245431.0026","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract\u0000 This chapter reviews germplasm sources for and new developments in the identification and implementation of useful genetic diversity for temperate climate adaptation, along with genomics-based methods for breeding of complex, low-heritability traits like abiotic stress tolerance in sorghum.","PeriodicalId":424023,"journal":{"name":"Molecular breeding in wheat, maize and sorghum: strategies for improving abiotic stress tolerance and yield","volume":"404 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126678130","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1900-01-01DOI: 10.1079/9781789245431.0008
Lovenpreet Kaur, Natasha Sharma, M. Garg
Abstract This chapter provides information on the importance of biofortification as a cheap, sustainable and environmentally friendly approach to increase micronutrient contents in plants. The merging of breeding approaches with genetic engineering techniques, such as quantitative trait locus analysis, marker-assisted breeding, gene cloning and gene transformation from wild wheat relatives, in order to develop micronutrient-rich wheat cultivars is also highlighted.
{"title":"Molecular breeding for enhancing iron and zinc content in wheat grains.","authors":"Lovenpreet Kaur, Natasha Sharma, M. Garg","doi":"10.1079/9781789245431.0008","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1079/9781789245431.0008","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract\u0000 This chapter provides information on the importance of biofortification as a cheap, sustainable and environmentally friendly approach to increase micronutrient contents in plants. The merging of breeding approaches with genetic engineering techniques, such as quantitative trait locus analysis, marker-assisted breeding, gene cloning and gene transformation from wild wheat relatives, in order to develop micronutrient-rich wheat cultivars is also highlighted.","PeriodicalId":424023,"journal":{"name":"Molecular breeding in wheat, maize and sorghum: strategies for improving abiotic stress tolerance and yield","volume":"11 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"133222340","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1900-01-01DOI: 10.1079/9781789245431.0006
R. Mason, T. Roberts, Richard E. Boyles, Andrea Acuña, M. N. Arguello, Diana C. Ballesteros, N. Subramanian
Abstract This chapter summarizes the current understanding of the response of wheat to waterlogging stress, the genetic control of uptake and transport of macro- and micronutrients, and the QTLs and genes associated with tolerance mechanisms. Potential targets for molecular breeding through marker-assisted selection and the potential for genomic selection are discussed in order to provide a better understanding of the biology and genes underlying soil waterlogging tolerance, as well as clarity and direction for breeders for future molecular breeding targets to expedite cultivar development.
{"title":"Molecular breeding for improving waterlogging tolerance in wheat.","authors":"R. Mason, T. Roberts, Richard E. Boyles, Andrea Acuña, M. N. Arguello, Diana C. Ballesteros, N. Subramanian","doi":"10.1079/9781789245431.0006","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1079/9781789245431.0006","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract\u0000 This chapter summarizes the current understanding of the response of wheat to waterlogging stress, the genetic control of uptake and transport of macro- and micronutrients, and the QTLs and genes associated with tolerance mechanisms. Potential targets for molecular breeding through marker-assisted selection and the potential for genomic selection are discussed in order to provide a better understanding of the biology and genes underlying soil waterlogging tolerance, as well as clarity and direction for breeders for future molecular breeding targets to expedite cultivar development.","PeriodicalId":424023,"journal":{"name":"Molecular breeding in wheat, maize and sorghum: strategies for improving abiotic stress tolerance and yield","volume":"471 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"133349456","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1900-01-01DOI: 10.1079/9781789245431.0011
U. Rosyara, K. Dreher, B. Basnet, S. Dreisigacker
Abstract This chapter discusses the increased implications in the current breeding methodology of wheat, such as rapid evolution of new sequencing and genotyping technologies, automation of phenotyping, sequencing and genotyping methods and increased use of prediction and machine learning methods. Some of the strategies that will further transform wheat breeding in the next few years are also presented.
{"title":"Tools for transforming wheat breeding: genomic selection, rapid generation advance and database-based decision support.","authors":"U. Rosyara, K. Dreher, B. Basnet, S. Dreisigacker","doi":"10.1079/9781789245431.0011","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1079/9781789245431.0011","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract\u0000 This chapter discusses the increased implications in the current breeding methodology of wheat, such as rapid evolution of new sequencing and genotyping technologies, automation of phenotyping, sequencing and genotyping methods and increased use of prediction and machine learning methods. Some of the strategies that will further transform wheat breeding in the next few years are also presented.","PeriodicalId":424023,"journal":{"name":"Molecular breeding in wheat, maize and sorghum: strategies for improving abiotic stress tolerance and yield","volume":"14 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"122135609","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1900-01-01DOI: 10.1079/9781789245431.0029
P. Reddy
Abstract This chapter focuses on ideotype breeding for improving the yield and related traits, abiotic stress resistance, and quality of grain and forage sorghum. Ideotype breeding involves defining and breeding for the target traits to reach the objectives and differs from classical plant breeding which focuses more on yield. Due to diversification of cropping systems and ever-changing climatic conditions, change in farmers' preferences and several production constraints, breeders need to focus on more traits simultaneously.
{"title":"Ideotype breeding for improving yield in sorghum: recent advances and future perspectives.","authors":"P. Reddy","doi":"10.1079/9781789245431.0029","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1079/9781789245431.0029","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract\u0000 This chapter focuses on ideotype breeding for improving the yield and related traits, abiotic stress resistance, and quality of grain and forage sorghum. Ideotype breeding involves defining and breeding for the target traits to reach the objectives and differs from classical plant breeding which focuses more on yield. Due to diversification of cropping systems and ever-changing climatic conditions, change in farmers' preferences and several production constraints, breeders need to focus on more traits simultaneously.","PeriodicalId":424023,"journal":{"name":"Molecular breeding in wheat, maize and sorghum: strategies for improving abiotic stress tolerance and yield","volume":"16 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125424195","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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