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Correlations between chemical and certain rheological quality parameters of wheat flour and bread 小麦面粉和面包的化学和某些流变品质参数的相关性
Pub Date : 2021-03-01 DOI: 10.7251/jcte2102017k
Nataša Lakić-Karalić, L. Vasilišin, G. Vučić, Slavica Grujić, Božana Odžaković
The aim of this research was to determine existence of the correlation between chemical and certain rheological quality parameters of different wheat flour samples and quality of bread produced from them. Three samples of wheat flour type 500, which were produced as experimental samples in industrial conditions, were analyzed. The analysis of chemical composition (content of water, ash, ash on dry matter, fat, protein, starch) and farinograph parameters (farinograph water absorption, dough development time, stability of dough, softening degree of dough, quality number, quality group) of experimental samples of wheat flour has been conducted. These analyzed flour samples were used for bread production. Also, quality parameters of three produced bread samples were analyzed (volume of bread, mass of bread, overall sensory quality of bread). After that, the existence of the correlation between analyzed parameters has been examined and found as very important correlation between farinograph water absorption (FWA) and parameters of chemical composition: water content (p˂0.05), fat content (p˂0.05), protein content (p˂0.05) and starch content (p˂0.05). Also, a significant impact and positive correlation between the protein content and farinograph water absorption (FWA) on bread volume (p˂0.05) has been found.
本研究的目的是确定不同小麦粉样品的化学和某些流变质量参数与面包质量之间是否存在相关性。对工业条件下生产的3种500型小麦粉样品进行了分析。对小麦粉实验样品的化学成分(水分、灰分、干物质上灰分、脂肪、蛋白质、淀粉含量)和面粉图参数(面粉图吸水率、面团发育时间、面团稳定性、面团软化程度、质量号、质量组)进行了分析。这些经过分析的面粉样品被用于生产面包。并对三种生产面包样品的质量参数(面包体积、面包质量、面包整体感官质量)进行了分析。之后,对所分析参数之间的相关性进行了检验,并发现脂肪含量(p小于0.05)、蛋白质含量(p小于0.05)和淀粉含量(p小于0.05)等化学成分参数与脂肪吸水率(FWA)之间存在非常重要的相关性。此外,还发现了蛋白质含量和面粉吸水率(FWA)对面包体积的显著影响和正相关关系(p小于0.05)。
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引用次数: 0
Quality of energy-reduced muffin produced with whole-grain wheat flour, safe for diabetics’ nutrition 采用全麦面粉制作的低能量松饼,对糖尿病患者的营养安全
Pub Date : 2020-03-01 DOI: 10.7251/jcte2001041g
Slavica Grujić, Snježana Božić, Božana Odžaković
The aim of this research was developing a formulation for muffins, produced with whole-grain wheat flour, suitable and safe for nutrition of people with carbohydrate metabolism disorders (diabetics). Recommendations for diabetics’ nutrition were analysed to develop a cake of appropriate quality and safe for consumption. The following matters were determined: (a) the essential parameters of technological and sensory quality of the final product; (b) the nature and quantity of basic ingredients, making five different model-samples of muffins; (c) moisture, ash, fat, salt, starch, protein, fibre and sugar content of cakes; (d) the quality of muffins was evaluated by descriptive sensory analysis; (e) nutritive composition was compared with similar products from the market. The basic chemical composition and the achieved quality of muffin-samples were analysed after production, and the best one was selected, produced combining following ingredients: 32% whole-grain wheat flour; 30% water; 10% skimmed milk; 9% fructose; 5% sunflower oil; 6.5% eggs; 3.2% fatreduced cocoa powder; 3% yeast; 0.3% salt; 0.3% flavours (chocolate, vanilla, rum); 0.16% additives mixture. The cakes had a high overall sensory quality (4.73±0.22 points of possible 5), characteristic regular shape and volume, uniform pores distribution, moderate elasticity and moisture during chewing, uniform dark brown colour, pleasant harmonious aroma and sweetish taste of baked chocolate cake. It was concluded that the muffins were suitable and safe for diabetics nutrition regarding basic ingredients content (whole-grain wheat flour, skimmed milk, fructose, vegetable oil) and nutritional composition with reduced content of: energy 30-54%, fats 30-79%, sugar 67-80%, when compared to five similar chocolate cakes, available on the market.
这项研究的目的是开发一种松饼配方,用全麦面粉生产,适合和安全的营养与碳水化合物代谢紊乱的人(糖尿病患者)。对糖尿病患者的营养建议进行了分析,以开发出一种质量适当且安全的蛋糕供食用。确定了以下事项:(a)最终产品的技术和感官质量的基本参数;(b)基本配料的性质和数量,制作五种不同的松饼模型样品;(c)蛋糕的水分、灰分、脂肪、盐、淀粉、蛋白质、纤维和糖的含量;(d)用描述性感官分析评价松饼的质量;(e)与市场上同类产品的营养成分进行比较。通过对生产后的松饼样品的基本化学成分和达到的质量进行分析,选择出最佳松饼样品,采用以下原料组合生产:32%全麦面粉;30%的水;10%脱脂牛奶;9%的果糖;5%葵花籽油;6.5%鸡蛋;3.2%脱脂可可粉;3%的酵母;0.3%的盐;0.3%口味(巧克力、香草、朗姆酒);0.16%添加剂混合物。该蛋糕整体感官品质较高(4.73±0.22分,满分5分),形状体积规整,气孔分布均匀,咀嚼时弹性和水分适中,色泽深褐色均匀,香气怡人和谐,具有烤巧克力蛋糕的甜味。结果表明,与市面上的5种同类巧克力蛋糕相比,该松饼的基本成分(全麦面粉、脱脂牛奶、果糖、植物油)和营养成分(能量30-54%、脂肪30-79%、糖67-80%)均降低,适合糖尿病患者食用。
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引用次数: 0
Kinetics of diclofenac adsorption from aqueous solution on commercial activated carbon 商用活性炭吸附双氯芬酸的动力学研究
Pub Date : 2020-03-01 DOI: 10.7251/jcte2001012p
R. Petrović, D. Bodroža, Pero Sailović, Vladimir Mlinarević, D. Gajić, Z. Levi
This paper studies the possibility of using activated carbon as an adsorbent for diclofenac (DFC) from aqueous medium. Batch sorption experiments were performed, and the influence of different parameters was studied: adsorbent dose, contact time and temperature. The experimentally obtained results were fitted according to two linear theoretical models of isotherms: Freundlich and Langmuir and according to two different kinetic models: pseudo-first and pseudo-second order. The optimal adsorption parameters were found to be: dose of adsorbent 0,5 g; contact time 60 minutes and temperature 20ºC, and the removal efficiency of diclofenac at these parameters was 92.8%.The results showed that the adsorption process follows a pseudo-second order kinetics and better matches the Freundlich isotherm model. The values of thermodynamic parameters indicate that adsorption process is spontaneous and exothermic. Based on the obtained data, it can be concluded that commercial activated carbon is an effective adsorbent for diclofenac from aqueous solution.
研究了活性炭作为双氯芬酸(DFC)的吸附剂的可行性。进行了间歇吸附实验,研究了吸附剂用量、接触时间和温度对吸附效果的影响。根据Freundlich和Langmuir两种等温线线性理论模型和伪一级和伪二级动力学模型对实验结果进行了拟合。最佳吸附参数为:吸附剂用量0.5 g;接触时间60 min,温度20℃,在此条件下双氯芬酸的去除率为92.8%。结果表明,吸附过程符合准二级动力学,较好地符合Freundlich等温模型。热力学参数值表明吸附过程为自发的放热过程。根据所获得的数据,可以得出结论,商品活性炭是水溶液中双氯芬酸的有效吸附剂。
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引用次数: 1
Polyphenol content and antioxidant activity of wild and cultivated blackberry (Rubus Fruticosus L.) juices 野生和栽培黑莓(Rubus Fruticosus L.)果汁的多酚含量和抗氧化活性
Pub Date : 2020-03-01 DOI: 10.7251/jcte2001021k
Zoran Kukrić, Jelena J Vulić, Miodrag Jazić
Blackberry fruits (Rubus fruticosus L.) have been valued as an excellent source of polyphenol content and antioxidant activity. In this study, blackberry juices of two cultivated blackberry cultivars and two wild blackberry cultivars were evaluated as potential sources of polyphenolic compounds and antioxidant activity. The content of polyphenols (total polyphenols, total flavonoids, flavonols, total and monomeric anthocyanins) and antioxidant activity (DPPH, ABTS, and OH radicals tests) were determined by the spectrophotometric method. The juices of wild blackberry varieties indicated the higher content of total polyphenols (2.16 - 2.25 mg GAE/g fw (fresh weight)), total anthocyanins (0.83 - 1.34 mg CyGE/g fw), and monomeric anthocyanins (0.70 - 1.14 mg CyGE/g fw), while the juice of cultivated blackberry variety had higher content of flavonoids (0.45 mg QcE/g fw) and flavonols (0.68 mg QcE/g fw). The results of the DPPH and the ABTS tests showed that the juices of wild blackberries possessed higher antioxidant activity compared to cultivated blackberries (p 0.05). All blackberry juices showed high concentrations of total polyphenols, including flavonoids, and anthocyanins content. The antioxidant activities of wild variety samples were stronger than of cultivated varieties. Significant correlations were determined between the content of total polyphenols, total and monomeric anthocyanins and the capacities of inhibition DPPH and ABTS radicals.
黑莓果实(Rubus fruticosus L.)被认为是多酚含量和抗氧化活性的极好来源。本研究对两种栽培黑莓品种和两种野生黑莓品种的黑莓汁进行了多酚类化合物和抗氧化活性的潜在来源评价。用分光光度法测定其多酚(总多酚、总黄酮、黄酮醇、总花青素和单体花青素)含量和抗氧化活性(DPPH、ABTS和OH自由基试验)。野生黑莓品种的汁液中总多酚(2.16 ~ 2.25 mg GAE/g fw)、总花青素(0.83 ~ 1.34 mg CyGE/g fw)和单体花青素(0.70 ~ 1.14 mg CyGE/g fw)含量较高,栽培黑莓品种的汁液中总黄酮(0.45 mg QcE/g fw)和黄酮醇(0.68 mg QcE/g fw)含量较高。DPPH和ABTS试验结果表明,野生黑莓汁液的抗氧化活性高于栽培黑莓(p < 0.05)。所有黑莓汁都含有高浓度的总多酚,包括类黄酮和花青素。野生品种的抗氧化活性强于栽培品种。总多酚、总花青素和单体花青素含量与抑制DPPH和ABTS自由基的能力呈显著相关。
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引用次数: 0
Electrooxidation of polar benzotriazole - The impact of supporting electrolyte 极性苯并三唑的电氧化-支持电解质的影响
Pub Date : 2020-03-01 DOI: 10.7251/jcte2001028p
H. Prosen, Jernej Markelj, Stefan Vranješ, Tijana Đuričić, B. Malinovic, Eva Korenčić
Polar benzotriazoles are heterocyclic compounds widely used in industry, and as such are easily released into the environment. These compounds show harmful and toxic effects on plants and some aquatic organisms, biodegrade quite slowly, and some, depending on the structure, have the ability to bioaccumulate. They can only be partially removed by conventional wastewater treatment, and are therefore found in a variety of waters, as well as solid waste. In this paper, synthetic wastewater containing polar benzotriazole was treated by an electrooxidation process. The efficiency of the treatment was tested depending on various parameters, such as: anode material (mixed metal oxide - MMO and boron-doped diamond - BDD), applied current density (10 and 20 mA/cm2), type of supporting electrolyte (NaCl, Na2CO3, Na2SO4, H2SO4) and treatment time (0.5 - 2.5 h). Obtained results showed the treatment was more effective at higher current density and by using BDD anode. Also, the efficiency of the treatment increases with the prolongation of the electrolysis time. After 2.5 h of treatment, 97.9% of benzotriazole was removed, in the presence of sulfuric acid as supporting electrolyte.
极性苯并三唑是工业上广泛使用的杂环化合物,因此很容易释放到环境中。这些化合物对植物和一些水生生物具有有害和毒性作用,生物降解相当缓慢,并且根据结构的不同,有些化合物具有生物积累的能力。它们只能通过常规废水处理部分去除,因此存在于各种水和固体废物中。采用电氧化法对含极性苯并三唑的合成废水进行了处理。根据负极材料(混合金属氧化物- MMO和掺硼金刚石- BDD)、外加电流密度(10和20 mA/cm2)、支撑电解质类型(NaCl、Na2CO3、Na2SO4、H2SO4)和处理时间(0.5 ~ 2.5 h)等参数对处理效果进行了测试。结果表明,在高电流密度和BDD阳极下,处理效果更好。电解时间越长,处理效率越高。处理2.5 h后,在硫酸作为支撑电解质存在下,苯并三唑的去除率为97.9%。
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引用次数: 2
The effect of freezing rate, frozen storage time and thawing methods on the concentration of thymosin proteins in pork meat 冷冻速率、冷冻保存时间和解冻方式对猪肉胸腺蛋白酶蛋白浓度的影响
Pub Date : 2020-03-01 DOI: 10.7251/jcte2001034s
D. Savanović, Jovo Savanović, A. Torbica, J. Tomić, Vesna Gojković Cvjetković, R. Grujić
Proteins are the most important ingredients in meat. They are found in meat in different forms and with different functions. Thymosins are small proteins present in many animal tissues, with molecular weights of 1000–15000 Da. The technological processing of meat causes changes in the amount and shape of the basic ingredients. During the freezing of meat and its storage in the frozen state, various chemical reactions take place causing changes in the proteins. The aim of this paper was to examine the influence of the freezing rate and thawing methods on the changes and behaviour of thymosin proteins in pork meat (M. longissimus thoracis et lumborum) during storage. Protein analyses were performed using capillary gel electrophoresis (CGE) and the SDS-MW Analysis Kit (Beckman Coulter). The meat samples were frozen at 10 different rates (from 0.23 cm/h to 1.43 cm/h). The samples were tested at different times during 60 days of storage at -20oC (after 1, 15, 30, 45, 60 days). Before the analysis, the samples were thawed in the refrigerator, at room temperature and in the microwave. After one day of storing frozen meat samples, the relative concentration of thymosin was less than 1% in all tested samples. During 60 days of storage, most samples had a slight increase in the relative concentration of thymosin. The highest relative concentration of thymosin after 60 days of storage (1.67%) was recorded in a meat sample that was frozen at a rate of 1.10 cm/h and thawed in a microwave oven.
蛋白质是肉中最重要的成分。它们以不同的形式存在于肉类中,具有不同的功能。胸腺酶是存在于许多动物组织中的小蛋白质,分子量为1000 - 15000da。肉类的工艺加工导致基本成分的数量和形状发生变化。在肉的冷冻和冷冻状态下储存的过程中,会发生各种化学反应,导致蛋白质的变化。本文旨在研究冷冻速率和解冻方式对猪肉(M. longissimus胸腰肉)贮藏过程中胸腺蛋白酶蛋白变化和行为的影响。采用毛细管凝胶电泳(CGE)和SDS-MW分析试剂盒(Beckman Coulter)进行蛋白质分析。肉类样品以10种不同的速率(从0.23 cm/h到1.43 cm/h)冷冻。在60天的-20℃条件下(1、15、30、45、60天后),对样品进行不同时间的测试。在分析之前,样品在冰箱、室温和微波炉中解冻。冻肉样品存放1天后,所有样品胸腺素的相对浓度均小于1%。在60天的贮藏期间,大多数样品胸腺素的相对浓度略有增加。在以1.10 cm/h的速度冷冻并在微波炉中解冻的肉类样品中,胸腺素在储存60天后的相对浓度最高(1.67%)。
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引用次数: 0
Medical and pharmaceutical application of oxidized cellulose 氧化纤维素的医疗和制药应用
Pub Date : 2020-03-01 DOI: 10.7251/jcte2001001r
Branka Rodić - Grabovac, Pero Sailović, Nina Lipić
Cellulose is the most abundant natural polymer and versatile starting material for chemical modification for obtaining products with various applications. The oxidation of cellulose results in derivatives with improved properties, including the products with new, specific features that can be used for medical and pharmaceutical purposes. Due to its biocompatibility and biodegradibility, the oxidized cellulose (6-carboxycellulose) is widely used as a hemostatic agent, as a barrier for the prevention of postsurgical adhesion, in bandage products for covering different wounds, as an excipient in the production of tablets, various gels and pharmaceutical suspensions. In addition to these applications, the oxidized cellulose may be used for the production of surgical sutures, as a drug carrier in products with gradual/controlled release, and as a material in tissue engineering.
纤维素是最丰富的天然高分子材料,也是用途广泛的化学改性原料,可获得各种用途的产品。纤维素的氧化产生具有改进性能的衍生物,包括具有可用于医疗和制药目的的新的特定特征的产品。由于其生物相容性和生物降解性,氧化纤维素(6-羧基纤维素)被广泛用作止血剂,作为防止术后粘连的屏障,用于覆盖不同伤口的绷带产品,作为片剂、各种凝胶和药物混悬液的辅料。除了这些应用之外,氧化纤维素还可用于生产外科缝合线,作为逐渐/可控释放产品中的药物载体,以及作为组织工程中的材料。
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引用次数: 0
Removal of organic pollutants from municipal wastewater by a horizontal pilot - scale constructed wetland utilizing Phragmites australis and Typha latifolia - Effectiveness monitoring per season 利用芦苇和风叶的水平中试人工湿地去除城市污水中的有机污染物——季效监测
Pub Date : 2019-03-21 DOI: 10.7251/GHTE1814039T
Merima Toromanović, J. Ibrahimpašić, L. Topalić-Trivunović, I. Šišić
Constructed wetlands, as an alternative to conventional methods, are systemsdesigned on the basis of the application of natural purification processes that take placein watery and swampy overgrown habitats, with certain microbiological groups. In thewastewater treatment process various types of constructed wetlands can be combinedto achieve a higher efficiency of the purification.In this study, the removal effectiveness of the organic substances from municipalwastewater was monitored, using a horizontal pilot - scale constructed wetlandutilizing Typha latifolia and Phragmites australis. In addition to the measurement oforganic substances content through COD, BOD and KMnO4 consumption, and totaldissolved substances (TDS) in influent and effluent, microbiological sample analysis wasperformed, monitored by total number of coliform bacteria.The aim of this study was to calculate the effectiveness of removing organicsubstances from municipal wastewater, depending on the season, as well as theeffectiveness of eliminating total coliform bacteria.The results of one-year research have shown that the removal effectiveness ofthe organic substances from municipal wastewater, expressed as the chemical oxygendemand (COD), was the highest in summer - 87.82% ± 2.83%, and the lowest in thewinter - 64.51% ± 5.89%. During the study, effectiveness of elimination of total coliformbacteria was 97.88 ± 0.80% and total dissolved substances 71.27% .
人工湿地,作为传统方法的一种替代方案,是在应用自然净化过程的基础上设计的系统,这种净化过程发生在水和沼泽的杂草丛生的栖息地,有某些微生物群。在污水处理过程中,可将不同类型的人工湿地组合使用,以达到更高的净化效率。本研究采用卧式中试人工湿地,利用风叶和芦苇对城市污水中有机物的去除效果进行了监测。除了通过COD、BOD和KMnO4消耗测量有机物质含量,以及进水和出水的总溶解物质(TDS)外,还进行了微生物样品分析,通过大肠菌群总数进行监测。本研究的目的是根据季节计算从城市污水中去除有机物质的有效性,以及消除总大肠菌群的有效性。为期一年的研究结果表明,城市污水中有机物的去除率(COD)夏季最高,为87.82%±2.83%,冬季最低,为64.51%±5.89%。研究过程中,总大肠菌群的去除率为97.88±0.80%,总溶解物的去除率为71.27%。
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引用次数: 0
Sinteza i karakterizacija poli(urea-siloksana) i poli(uretan-urea-siloksana) na bazi izoforon diizocijanata
Pub Date : 2019-03-21 DOI: 10.7251/GHTE1814009B
Milica Balaban, Silvester Bolka, Vesna V. Antić
U okviru ovog rada sintetisani su poliurea (PUS) i poli(uretan-urea) (PUUS)kopolimeri polazeći od aminopropil-terminiranih poli(dimetilsiloksanskih) mekihsegmenata različite mase (PDMS, Mn=1000 g/mol i 3200 g/mol) i izoforon diizocijanata(IPDI), dok je kao produživač lanca korišćen 1,4-budandiol (BD). Kopolimeri susintetisani reakcijom jedno- ili dvostepene poliadicije u rastvoru u prisustvu kalajoktoatakao katalizatora. Molski odnos reaktanata za sintezu PUS kopolimeraiznosio je 1:1,1 (PDMS:IPDI), a za sintezu PUUS koplimera 1:2,1:1 (PDMS:IPDI:BD),dok su kao reakcioni rastvarač korišćene različite smješe tetrahidrofurana (THF) iN-metilpirolidona (NMP). Struktura i sastav sintetisanih kopolimera potvrđene su 1HNMR i FTIR spektroskopijom. Reološka svojstva sintetisanih PUS i PUUS kopolimeraispitana su dinamičko-mehaničkom analizom (DMA) i pokazala su izrazitu zavisnost odprirode i sadržaja tvrdih segmenata, kao i od dužine fleksibilnih siloksanskih segmenatau ispitivanim uzorcima.
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引用次数: 0
Analiza proteina pšenice kapilarnom gel elektroforezom (cge )
Pub Date : 2019-03-21 DOI: 10.7251/GHTE1814023S
Danica Savanović, Radoslav Grujić, Aleksandra Torbica, Jovo Savanović
Proteini pšenice se smatraju najvažnijim komponentama koje utiču na pecivnasvojstva brašna. Karakterišu se visokom heterogenošću i velikim rasponom molekulskihmasa. Za razdvajanje i identifikaciju proteina mogu se koristiti različite tehnike. Ciljovog rada je bio da se ispita mogućnosti primjene SDS-kapilarne gel elektroforeze(SDS-CGE) za analizu i kvantifikaciju proteina iz pšeničnog brašna. Razdvajanjeproteina iz tijesta izrađenog od pšeničnog brašna vršeno je pomoću kapilarneelektroforeze (Agilent, CE 7100) uz korištenje SDS-MW Analysis Kit-a (BeckmanCoulter). Podaci o migracionim vremenima i površinama pikova pojedinačnih proteinasa elektoforegrama su analizirani pomoću softvera ChemStation Software (AgilentTechnologies, PaloAlto, CA). Na elektroforegramu, dobijenom nakon analize proteina,razdvojeno je 57 proteina različitih molekulskih masa, u rasponu od 10 kDa do 225kDa. Najveći broj razdvojenih proteina je imao masu od 0 do 20 kDa (22 proteina),dok je broj razdvojenih proteina većih molekulskih masa bio mnogo manji (3 proteinamase od 100 do 150 kDa i 5 proteina su imali mase veće od 150 kDa). Ova metodaomogućava preciznu identifikaciju i kvantifikaciju proteina pšenice i može se koristitiza izučavanje
小麦蛋白被认为是小麦生产中最重要的成分。它们具有高异质性和高分子量的特点。蛋白质的分离和鉴定可采用不同的技术。本文旨在介绍使用 SDS-毛细管凝胶电泳(SDS-CGE)分析和定量小麦胚芽蛋白的可能性。使用 SDS-MW 分析试剂盒(BeckmanCoulter),通过毛细管凝胶电泳(安捷伦,CE 7100)对小麦胚芽中的蛋白质进行分离。蛋白质分析结束后得到的电泳图显示了 57 种不同分子量的蛋白质,分子量从 10 kDa 到 225 kDa 不等。被裂解的蛋白质中,质量在 0 至 20 kDa 之间的数量最多(22 个蛋白质),而分子质量较高的蛋白质数量要少得多(3 个蛋白质的质量在 100 至 150 kDa 之间,5 个蛋白质的质量高于 150 kDa)。 这种方法可对小麦蛋白质进行精确鉴定和定量,可用于研究
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引用次数: 0
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GLASNIK HEMIČARA, TEHNOLOGA I EKOLOGA REPUBLIKE SRPSKE
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