Pub Date : 2023-01-02DOI: 10.1080/09018328.2023.2222040
K. Joachimsen
ABSTRACT The Exodus story is one of many migration stories in the Hebrew Bible, composed of various experiences of expulsion, deliverance, hospitality, and alienation. The current study relates the topic of migration to water and, more specifically, how rivers, streams, wells, springs, and seas are simultaneously life-enhancing, life-challenging, and life-threatening for people on the move. Reading Exodus with water as its lens shows how the story has an inherent ambiguity that gives rise to a plurality of interpretations related to composite experiences of threats and rescue, thirst and nourishment, death and survival. Decisive for the various interpretations of the story is a question of perspective. An option for the oppressed, drowning, rescued, thirsty or nourished is a matter of definition from, for instance, Egyptian, Midianite, Canaanite, and Israelite points of view, male or female, or from the perspective of the Nile, the fish or the sheep. In this contribution, I will show how the Exodus story can shed light on the current topic of migration and how recent migration studies might bring new perspectives to the ancient story. Both instances concern questions of belonging and alienation, in which bridges and barriers are involved.
{"title":"Paradoxes of Mobility by the Sea: Water as a Site of Threat and Rescue in the Exodus Story","authors":"K. Joachimsen","doi":"10.1080/09018328.2023.2222040","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/09018328.2023.2222040","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT The Exodus story is one of many migration stories in the Hebrew Bible, composed of various experiences of expulsion, deliverance, hospitality, and alienation. The current study relates the topic of migration to water and, more specifically, how rivers, streams, wells, springs, and seas are simultaneously life-enhancing, life-challenging, and life-threatening for people on the move. Reading Exodus with water as its lens shows how the story has an inherent ambiguity that gives rise to a plurality of interpretations related to composite experiences of threats and rescue, thirst and nourishment, death and survival. Decisive for the various interpretations of the story is a question of perspective. An option for the oppressed, drowning, rescued, thirsty or nourished is a matter of definition from, for instance, Egyptian, Midianite, Canaanite, and Israelite points of view, male or female, or from the perspective of the Nile, the fish or the sheep. In this contribution, I will show how the Exodus story can shed light on the current topic of migration and how recent migration studies might bring new perspectives to the ancient story. Both instances concern questions of belonging and alienation, in which bridges and barriers are involved.","PeriodicalId":42456,"journal":{"name":"Scandinavian Journal of the Old Testament","volume":"37 1","pages":"69 - 83"},"PeriodicalIF":0.2,"publicationDate":"2023-01-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41603903","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"哲学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-01-02DOI: 10.1080/09018328.2023.2222593
D. Edelman, K. Joachimsen
{"title":"Introduction: Kåre Berge","authors":"D. Edelman, K. Joachimsen","doi":"10.1080/09018328.2023.2222593","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/09018328.2023.2222593","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":42456,"journal":{"name":"Scandinavian Journal of the Old Testament","volume":"37 1","pages":"1 - 1"},"PeriodicalIF":0.2,"publicationDate":"2023-01-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47739071","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"哲学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-01-02DOI: 10.1080/09018328.2023.2222044
William S Morrow
ABSTRACT The compilations of instructions now found in Exod 20,24-23,12* and Deut 12,13-26,11* once circulated independently of their canonical contexts. They shared characteristics with Hittite administrative instruments called “royal instructions” or Dienstanweisungen in terms of syntax and the range of their administrative interests. As with certain Hittite examples, these proto-biblical texts did not originally end with covenant blessings or curses, although there are indications that they were composed for use in oath ratification ceremonies.
{"title":"The Laws in the Covenant Code and Deuteronomy as Dienstanweisungen","authors":"William S Morrow","doi":"10.1080/09018328.2023.2222044","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/09018328.2023.2222044","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT The compilations of instructions now found in Exod 20,24-23,12* and Deut 12,13-26,11* once circulated independently of their canonical contexts. They shared characteristics with Hittite administrative instruments called “royal instructions” or Dienstanweisungen in terms of syntax and the range of their administrative interests. As with certain Hittite examples, these proto-biblical texts did not originally end with covenant blessings or curses, although there are indications that they were composed for use in oath ratification ceremonies.","PeriodicalId":42456,"journal":{"name":"Scandinavian Journal of the Old Testament","volume":"37 1","pages":"128 - 147"},"PeriodicalIF":0.2,"publicationDate":"2023-01-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42647152","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"哲学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-01-02DOI: 10.1080/09018328.2023.2222037
Ehud Ben Zvi
ABSTRACT This article is about constructions of internal territorial space and its ideological implications. It discusses the lay of the land of the Israelite society that the literati “saw” when reading Deuteronomy. It focuses on the horizontal, non-hierarchical arrangement of an array of cities that so strongly characterizes the book. Then it addresses what the preference for this array suggests in terms of the polity that Deuteronomy conjures and how this preference relates to both central ideological tenets of the book and additional features of its imagined polity. Neither the imaginary landscape of the Israelite polity nor the polity itself evoked by Deuteronomy were consistent with those evoked by any of the “historiographical” works in Yehud. As a result, its literati had to assume either that such a landscape was never actually fulfilled in any period of the past or try to conform Deuteronomy’s landscape to other past-shaping, ideological texts (and related memories) that existed in their core repertoire, or both, in a complementary, balancing way.
{"title":"“Your Gates”—Evoking a Landscape of Fortified Cities in Deuteronomy: Meanings, Implications, and Comparative Considerations with Other Constructions of the Israelite Past","authors":"Ehud Ben Zvi","doi":"10.1080/09018328.2023.2222037","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/09018328.2023.2222037","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT This article is about constructions of internal territorial space and its ideological implications. It discusses the lay of the land of the Israelite society that the literati “saw” when reading Deuteronomy. It focuses on the horizontal, non-hierarchical arrangement of an array of cities that so strongly characterizes the book. Then it addresses what the preference for this array suggests in terms of the polity that Deuteronomy conjures and how this preference relates to both central ideological tenets of the book and additional features of its imagined polity. Neither the imaginary landscape of the Israelite polity nor the polity itself evoked by Deuteronomy were consistent with those evoked by any of the “historiographical” works in Yehud. As a result, its literati had to assume either that such a landscape was never actually fulfilled in any period of the past or try to conform Deuteronomy’s landscape to other past-shaping, ideological texts (and related memories) that existed in their core repertoire, or both, in a complementary, balancing way.","PeriodicalId":42456,"journal":{"name":"Scandinavian Journal of the Old Testament","volume":"37 1","pages":"17 - 33"},"PeriodicalIF":0.2,"publicationDate":"2023-01-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44425789","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"哲学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-01-02DOI: 10.1080/09018328.2023.2222039
P. Guillaume
ABSTRACT For the last two centuries, cultic centralization was considered the main theme in Deuteronomy. As long as the place chosen for Israel to meet was Jerusalem, the cultic centre was the temple renovated by King Josiah. The recent challenges of the validity of the Josianic hypothesis leave Deuteronomy centreless. To remediate this problem, Kåre Berge proposed either the Book of the Torah of Moses or the autonomous cities (“your gates”) as Deuteronomy’s centres. In light of Central Flow Theory, the alternative put forward here is that, as YHWH’s holy people Israel, is the centre around which the other people gravitate.
{"title":"Deuteronomy’s Central Flow Theory in Practice","authors":"P. Guillaume","doi":"10.1080/09018328.2023.2222039","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/09018328.2023.2222039","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT For the last two centuries, cultic centralization was considered the main theme in Deuteronomy. As long as the place chosen for Israel to meet was Jerusalem, the cultic centre was the temple renovated by King Josiah. The recent challenges of the validity of the Josianic hypothesis leave Deuteronomy centreless. To remediate this problem, Kåre Berge proposed either the Book of the Torah of Moses or the autonomous cities (“your gates”) as Deuteronomy’s centres. In light of Central Flow Theory, the alternative put forward here is that, as YHWH’s holy people Israel, is the centre around which the other people gravitate.","PeriodicalId":42456,"journal":{"name":"Scandinavian Journal of the Old Testament","volume":"37 1","pages":"58 - 68"},"PeriodicalIF":0.2,"publicationDate":"2023-01-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49456429","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"哲学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-01-02DOI: 10.1080/09018328.2023.2222041
Magnar Kartveit
ABSTRACT The question discussed in the article is if there are possible links between the centralization command, as used in the Temple Scroll, and the inscriptions on Mount Gerizim. If this can be established, the next question is what character the city and temple of the Scroll have, and what this character implies for possible fronts which the Scroll has. Scholars commonly assume that the front is against Jerusalem and its temple, but have not had Mount Gerizim in mind. The city and sanctuary on that mountain existed when the Scroll took form. In this article, an attempt is made to draw Mount Gerizim into the picture.
{"title":"The Use of Deuteronomy’s Centralization Command in the Temple Scroll","authors":"Magnar Kartveit","doi":"10.1080/09018328.2023.2222041","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/09018328.2023.2222041","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT The question discussed in the article is if there are possible links between the centralization command, as used in the Temple Scroll, and the inscriptions on Mount Gerizim. If this can be established, the next question is what character the city and temple of the Scroll have, and what this character implies for possible fronts which the Scroll has. Scholars commonly assume that the front is against Jerusalem and its temple, but have not had Mount Gerizim in mind. The city and sanctuary on that mountain existed when the Scroll took form. In this article, an attempt is made to draw Mount Gerizim into the picture.","PeriodicalId":42456,"journal":{"name":"Scandinavian Journal of the Old Testament","volume":"37 1","pages":"84 - 101"},"PeriodicalIF":0.2,"publicationDate":"2023-01-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47203742","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"哲学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-01-02DOI: 10.1080/09018328.2023.2222045
Benedetta Rossi
ABSTRACT Similarities and divergences between the Covenant Code (CC) and the Deuteronomic Code (DC) typically have been explored by focusing on content, leading to a proposed relationship of abrogation or revision and implementation. The communicative contexts, text pragmatics, and communicative intentionality of both the CC and DC have remained marginal to the debate. I shall argue that Deuteronomy takes up, expands, and improves communicative strategies already present in CC, with the underlying aim of transforming law into “preached law.” The transfer of preached law from orality to a written medium builds and reinforces the authoritative status of those who transmit it. Thus, a transfer of authority occurs: from the object (law) to its preachers (interpreters).
{"title":"Preaching the Law. Reconsidering the Relationship between the Covenant Code and Deuteronomy","authors":"Benedetta Rossi","doi":"10.1080/09018328.2023.2222045","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/09018328.2023.2222045","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT Similarities and divergences between the Covenant Code (CC) and the Deuteronomic Code (DC) typically have been explored by focusing on content, leading to a proposed relationship of abrogation or revision and implementation. The communicative contexts, text pragmatics, and communicative intentionality of both the CC and DC have remained marginal to the debate. I shall argue that Deuteronomy takes up, expands, and improves communicative strategies already present in CC, with the underlying aim of transforming law into “preached law.” The transfer of preached law from orality to a written medium builds and reinforces the authoritative status of those who transmit it. Thus, a transfer of authority occurs: from the object (law) to its preachers (interpreters).","PeriodicalId":42456,"journal":{"name":"Scandinavian Journal of the Old Testament","volume":"37 1","pages":"148 - 165"},"PeriodicalIF":0.2,"publicationDate":"2023-01-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44026678","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"哲学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-01-02DOI: 10.1080/09018328.2023.2222046
T. Stordalen
ABSTRACT This essay engages with Kåre Berge’s reflections on book religion in Deuteronomy. It first elaborates upon the concepts of religion and book religion and considers aspects of the literary and rhetorical anatomy of Deuteronomy. Then it argues that the salient point in Deuteronomy is not the text of the Torah as such, but the doing of what that text says. This orientation towards religious practice is squarely similar to adjacent strands of ancient Hebrew religion. Deuteronomy, however, adds certain religious practices, all of which required the use of (oral or written) texts. The essay argues that Deuteronomy had little potential to generate common religious change, but it could be seen as a force towards changes in religious leadership. Finally, the essay considers the concept of book religion—as a classificatory concept and as an analytical perspective.
{"title":"Book Religion? The Role of the Scroll in Deuteronomy","authors":"T. Stordalen","doi":"10.1080/09018328.2023.2222046","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/09018328.2023.2222046","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT This essay engages with Kåre Berge’s reflections on book religion in Deuteronomy. It first elaborates upon the concepts of religion and book religion and considers aspects of the literary and rhetorical anatomy of Deuteronomy. Then it argues that the salient point in Deuteronomy is not the text of the Torah as such, but the doing of what that text says. This orientation towards religious practice is squarely similar to adjacent strands of ancient Hebrew religion. Deuteronomy, however, adds certain religious practices, all of which required the use of (oral or written) texts. The essay argues that Deuteronomy had little potential to generate common religious change, but it could be seen as a force towards changes in religious leadership. Finally, the essay considers the concept of book religion—as a classificatory concept and as an analytical perspective.","PeriodicalId":42456,"journal":{"name":"Scandinavian Journal of the Old Testament","volume":"37 1","pages":"166 - 183"},"PeriodicalIF":0.2,"publicationDate":"2023-01-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46074779","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"哲学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-01-02DOI: 10.1080/09018328.2023.2222036
B. Becking
ABSTRACT This article about Exod 4,24-26 argues that God is willing to kill Moses since he had not circumcised his son. The ritual described in the textual unit is an example of circumcision as a life cycle ritual at the threshold of adulthood. Originally, circumcision in ancient Israel was not carried out on boys at the eighth day after birth. As a result of the construction of a new identity after the return from exile, the age of circumcision changed from early puberty to newborn. Exod 4,24-26 offers a glimpse at the earlier custom.
{"title":"Then Zipporah took a Flint … Circumcision as a Rite of Passage in Exod 4,24-26","authors":"B. Becking","doi":"10.1080/09018328.2023.2222036","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/09018328.2023.2222036","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT This article about Exod 4,24-26 argues that God is willing to kill Moses since he had not circumcised his son. The ritual described in the textual unit is an example of circumcision as a life cycle ritual at the threshold of adulthood. Originally, circumcision in ancient Israel was not carried out on boys at the eighth day after birth. As a result of the construction of a new identity after the return from exile, the age of circumcision changed from early puberty to newborn. Exod 4,24-26 offers a glimpse at the earlier custom.","PeriodicalId":42456,"journal":{"name":"Scandinavian Journal of the Old Testament","volume":"37 1","pages":"3 - 16"},"PeriodicalIF":0.2,"publicationDate":"2023-01-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41755982","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"哲学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-01-02DOI: 10.1080/09018328.2023.2222042
F. Landy
ABSTRACT The dialogue between Moses and God in Exodus 33 is one of the most mysterious and complex in the Hebrew Bible and raises acutely issues of metaphoricity, corporeality, and ineffability in relation to God. It turns on different meanings of the word “face” and thus on different conceptions of the deity in the Hebrew Bible. A close reading of the dialogue will be accompanied by considerations of metaphor. There are two issues in the text. One is the paradox that YHWH speaks to Moses “face to face,” yet his face cannot be seen. The second is the relationship of “face” to other terms in the passage, such as “goodness” and kavod. I will conclude by suggesting a resistance to metaphoricity, as to all cultic and mythic images.
{"title":"The Face of God: Dialogue and Distance in Exodus 33,12-34,8","authors":"F. Landy","doi":"10.1080/09018328.2023.2222042","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/09018328.2023.2222042","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT The dialogue between Moses and God in Exodus 33 is one of the most mysterious and complex in the Hebrew Bible and raises acutely issues of metaphoricity, corporeality, and ineffability in relation to God. It turns on different meanings of the word “face” and thus on different conceptions of the deity in the Hebrew Bible. A close reading of the dialogue will be accompanied by considerations of metaphor. There are two issues in the text. One is the paradox that YHWH speaks to Moses “face to face,” yet his face cannot be seen. The second is the relationship of “face” to other terms in the passage, such as “goodness” and kavod. I will conclude by suggesting a resistance to metaphoricity, as to all cultic and mythic images.","PeriodicalId":42456,"journal":{"name":"Scandinavian Journal of the Old Testament","volume":"37 1","pages":"102 - 115"},"PeriodicalIF":0.2,"publicationDate":"2023-01-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43433446","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"哲学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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