Pub Date : 2023-01-02DOI: 10.1080/09018328.2023.2222038
D. Edelman
ABSTRACT A review of the seven uses of šōṭēr in Deuteronomy and the eighteen occurrences elsewhere in the Hebrew Bible indicates that the best translation in all cases is “scribe.” By the Hellenistic period and the writing of Chronicles, šōṭerîm were classified as Levites, i.e. those “bound” by oath to royal or imperial service but based in principle in the temple, even though, like judges and possibly some gate-keepers, many worked “externally.” The temple cult is of little interest to those whose ideology is reflected in most of Deuteronomy. Nevertheless, it is possible to suggest that the Levites, who may contrast with the priests and the Levitical priests in the book, were conceived of more specifically as scribes, šōṭerîm, by profession.
{"title":"Scribes (šōṭerîm) in Deuteronomy","authors":"D. Edelman","doi":"10.1080/09018328.2023.2222038","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/09018328.2023.2222038","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT A review of the seven uses of šōṭēr in Deuteronomy and the eighteen occurrences elsewhere in the Hebrew Bible indicates that the best translation in all cases is “scribe.” By the Hellenistic period and the writing of Chronicles, šōṭerîm were classified as Levites, i.e. those “bound” by oath to royal or imperial service but based in principle in the temple, even though, like judges and possibly some gate-keepers, many worked “externally.” The temple cult is of little interest to those whose ideology is reflected in most of Deuteronomy. Nevertheless, it is possible to suggest that the Levites, who may contrast with the priests and the Levitical priests in the book, were conceived of more specifically as scribes, šōṭerîm, by profession.","PeriodicalId":42456,"journal":{"name":"Scandinavian Journal of the Old Testament","volume":"37 1","pages":"34 - 57"},"PeriodicalIF":0.2,"publicationDate":"2023-01-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43045061","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"哲学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-01-02DOI: 10.1080/09018328.2023.2222043
C. Levin
ABSTRACT Gen 20 is the youngest example among the three wife-sister narratives in the Book of Genesis. This time the incident has been narrated according to the rules of the Torah. God reveals to Abimelech in a dream the law of Deut 22,22, and the king, following the precept of Deut 31,10-13, calls his servants together and proclaims it. The servants then fear God, as did the Israelites under Moses. Later editors saw in the narrative an interesting case of “guiltless guilt,” comparable to the problem of collective punishment dealt with in Gen 18,22b-33a. Even later, the narrative was interpreted as evidence of Abraham’s guilt. This allowed one to explain why God put Abraham to such a severe test in Gen 22. In the youngest phase of the narrative’s reworking, Abraham was finally portrayed as a prophet, similar to how Moses was considered a prophet in the late period.
{"title":"Deuteronomy in Genesis: King Abimelech’s Obedience to the Torah (Genesis 20)","authors":"C. Levin","doi":"10.1080/09018328.2023.2222043","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/09018328.2023.2222043","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT Gen 20 is the youngest example among the three wife-sister narratives in the Book of Genesis. This time the incident has been narrated according to the rules of the Torah. God reveals to Abimelech in a dream the law of Deut 22,22, and the king, following the precept of Deut 31,10-13, calls his servants together and proclaims it. The servants then fear God, as did the Israelites under Moses. Later editors saw in the narrative an interesting case of “guiltless guilt,” comparable to the problem of collective punishment dealt with in Gen 18,22b-33a. Even later, the narrative was interpreted as evidence of Abraham’s guilt. This allowed one to explain why God put Abraham to such a severe test in Gen 22. In the youngest phase of the narrative’s reworking, Abraham was finally portrayed as a prophet, similar to how Moses was considered a prophet in the late period.","PeriodicalId":42456,"journal":{"name":"Scandinavian Journal of the Old Testament","volume":"37 1","pages":"116 - 127"},"PeriodicalIF":0.2,"publicationDate":"2023-01-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48767984","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"哲学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-07-03DOI: 10.1080/09018328.2022.2117895
Jim West
{"title":"Back to Reason: Minimalism in Biblical Studies","authors":"Jim West","doi":"10.1080/09018328.2022.2117895","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/09018328.2022.2117895","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":42456,"journal":{"name":"Scandinavian Journal of the Old Testament","volume":"36 1","pages":"327 - 328"},"PeriodicalIF":0.2,"publicationDate":"2022-07-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43994743","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"哲学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-07-03DOI: 10.1080/09018328.2022.2114192
G. Auld
ABSTRACT The names of several of David’s successors are related in both meaning and narrative situation: Ahaziah and Ahaz, Rehoboam and Jeroboam, Joash and Josiah, Amaziah and Hezekiah. Components of other names (Azariah, Uzziah, and Jotham) are also uniquely anticipated in the synoptic record. When the names of prophets and northern kings are also reviewed, the total impression is of artistic narrative more than historical record.
{"title":"Follow the Words: What’s in a King’s Name?","authors":"G. Auld","doi":"10.1080/09018328.2022.2114192","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/09018328.2022.2114192","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT The names of several of David’s successors are related in both meaning and narrative situation: Ahaziah and Ahaz, Rehoboam and Jeroboam, Joash and Josiah, Amaziah and Hezekiah. Components of other names (Azariah, Uzziah, and Jotham) are also uniquely anticipated in the synoptic record. When the names of prophets and northern kings are also reviewed, the total impression is of artistic narrative more than historical record.","PeriodicalId":42456,"journal":{"name":"Scandinavian Journal of the Old Testament","volume":"36 1","pages":"306 - 316"},"PeriodicalIF":0.2,"publicationDate":"2022-07-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45556307","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"哲学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-07-03DOI: 10.1080/09018328.2022.2114186
S. Kató
ABSTRACT The original profile of YHWH is a much-discussed issue of research, YHWH being defined mostly as either an El-like or a Baal-like deity. Scholars are investigating older texts of the Hebrew Bible that might reflect relevant imagery. The Book of Hosea is a neglected corpus in this discussion. However, the book contains North-Israelite traditions and concepts from the 8th century BCE that preserve and reflect an earlier stage of the YHWH-cult. If the imagery of the book could be traced back to a single, fundamental god-type, that could be a hint at the original character of YHWH. This article ventures to catalog, analyze, and evaluate the imagery of the book, to ultimately propose an original god-type for YHWH.
{"title":"YHWH: A Storm-God of Hosea? The Beginning of Yahwism in Light of the Book of Hosea","authors":"S. Kató","doi":"10.1080/09018328.2022.2114186","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/09018328.2022.2114186","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT The original profile of YHWH is a much-discussed issue of research, YHWH being defined mostly as either an El-like or a Baal-like deity. Scholars are investigating older texts of the Hebrew Bible that might reflect relevant imagery. The Book of Hosea is a neglected corpus in this discussion. However, the book contains North-Israelite traditions and concepts from the 8th century BCE that preserve and reflect an earlier stage of the YHWH-cult. If the imagery of the book could be traced back to a single, fundamental god-type, that could be a hint at the original character of YHWH. This article ventures to catalog, analyze, and evaluate the imagery of the book, to ultimately propose an original god-type for YHWH.","PeriodicalId":42456,"journal":{"name":"Scandinavian Journal of the Old Testament","volume":"36 1","pages":"236 - 254"},"PeriodicalIF":0.2,"publicationDate":"2022-07-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47385915","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"哲学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-07-03DOI: 10.1080/09018328.2022.2114193
D. M. Smiley
ABSTRACT The reception history of Josiah’s encounter with Pharaoh Necho is a complicated issue that has yet to be fully explored. Many scholars stop with the transmission from the Masoretic text (MT) of Kings to the MT of Chronicles; however, the Greek translator(s) of 2 Chronicles 35, also known as 2 Paraleipomena 35, inserted specific textual variants that deviate from the MT. There has been little done on Paraleipomena, and even fewer works that factor in the complex theological history surrounding the death of Josiah. This paper hopes to follow the reception of the final events of Josiah by combining both literary and text critical methodologies.
{"title":"Rescinding the Rewritten: Receiving the Death of Josiah in Paraleipomena","authors":"D. M. Smiley","doi":"10.1080/09018328.2022.2114193","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/09018328.2022.2114193","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT The reception history of Josiah’s encounter with Pharaoh Necho is a complicated issue that has yet to be fully explored. Many scholars stop with the transmission from the Masoretic text (MT) of Kings to the MT of Chronicles; however, the Greek translator(s) of 2 Chronicles 35, also known as 2 Paraleipomena 35, inserted specific textual variants that deviate from the MT. There has been little done on Paraleipomena, and even fewer works that factor in the complex theological history surrounding the death of Josiah. This paper hopes to follow the reception of the final events of Josiah by combining both literary and text critical methodologies.","PeriodicalId":42456,"journal":{"name":"Scandinavian Journal of the Old Testament","volume":"36 1","pages":"317 - 326"},"PeriodicalIF":0.2,"publicationDate":"2022-07-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46142302","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"哲学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-07-03DOI: 10.1080/09018328.2022.2114191
Hans van den Herik, K. Spronk
ABSTRACT In Ezekiel’s extensive vision reports, reality is combined with the supra-mundane world in a way which resembles modern surrealism, especially as a literary art form. The comparison with surrealism helps to get a better understanding of the visions. The combination of realistic and surrealistic images has a shocking affect and revolutionizes human understanding and experience. In this way, the audience is challenged to remodel its understanding of reality.
{"title":"Ezekiel as a Surrealist Author: 20th Century Art as a Key to a 6th Century BC Prophet","authors":"Hans van den Herik, K. Spronk","doi":"10.1080/09018328.2022.2114191","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/09018328.2022.2114191","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT In Ezekiel’s extensive vision reports, reality is combined with the supra-mundane world in a way which resembles modern surrealism, especially as a literary art form. The comparison with surrealism helps to get a better understanding of the visions. The combination of realistic and surrealistic images has a shocking affect and revolutionizes human understanding and experience. In this way, the audience is challenged to remodel its understanding of reality.","PeriodicalId":42456,"journal":{"name":"Scandinavian Journal of the Old Testament","volume":"36 1","pages":"296 - 305"},"PeriodicalIF":0.2,"publicationDate":"2022-07-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47323002","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"哲学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-07-03DOI: 10.1080/09018328.2022.2114183
Lisa Marie Haasbroek
ABSTRACT In support of recent scholarship which proposes a Hellenistic date for biblical literature, this study proposes that portions of the Bible are written in the style of Attic theatre plays. Part I provides a comprehensive analysis of motifs shared between biblical literature and Attic theatre, with subheadings listed in the style of the Aarne-Thompson-Uther Index.
{"title":"Maskils and Musicals: Biblical Narrative and Attic Theatre, Part I","authors":"Lisa Marie Haasbroek","doi":"10.1080/09018328.2022.2114183","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/09018328.2022.2114183","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT In support of recent scholarship which proposes a Hellenistic date for biblical literature, this study proposes that portions of the Bible are written in the style of Attic theatre plays. Part I provides a comprehensive analysis of motifs shared between biblical literature and Attic theatre, with subheadings listed in the style of the Aarne-Thompson-Uther Index.","PeriodicalId":42456,"journal":{"name":"Scandinavian Journal of the Old Testament","volume":"36 1","pages":"163 - 184"},"PeriodicalIF":0.2,"publicationDate":"2022-07-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42082727","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"哲学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-07-03DOI: 10.1080/09018328.2022.2114188
B. Kilchör
ABSTRACT While it has often been observed within the framework of classic source criticism that Genesis 1 and Exodus 25-40 are conceptually related in the Priestergrundschrift (Creation and Tabernacle), it is argued here that Genesis 2-3 is associated too with the priestly sanctuary concept and has parallels especially in Leviticus 9-10. In Genesis 2, Adam and Eve are appointed as priests in the Garden of Eden like Aaron and his sons in Leviticus 9. The death of Adab and Nabihu in Leviticus 10 mirrors the fall of Adam and Eve in Genesis 3. Since there are parallels both in conception and in language between Genesis 2-3 and P, it is argued that the distinction of P and non-P in Genesis 1-3 is questionable.
{"title":"The Eighth Day: The Appointment of Adam as Priest in Eden and the Priestly Profile of Genesis 2-3","authors":"B. Kilchör","doi":"10.1080/09018328.2022.2114188","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/09018328.2022.2114188","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT While it has often been observed within the framework of classic source criticism that Genesis 1 and Exodus 25-40 are conceptually related in the Priestergrundschrift (Creation and Tabernacle), it is argued here that Genesis 2-3 is associated too with the priestly sanctuary concept and has parallels especially in Leviticus 9-10. In Genesis 2, Adam and Eve are appointed as priests in the Garden of Eden like Aaron and his sons in Leviticus 9. The death of Adab and Nabihu in Leviticus 10 mirrors the fall of Adam and Eve in Genesis 3. Since there are parallels both in conception and in language between Genesis 2-3 and P, it is argued that the distinction of P and non-P in Genesis 1-3 is questionable.","PeriodicalId":42456,"journal":{"name":"Scandinavian Journal of the Old Testament","volume":"36 1","pages":"255 - 266"},"PeriodicalIF":0.2,"publicationDate":"2022-07-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47927317","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"哲学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-07-03DOI: 10.1080/09018328.2022.2120287
Lisa Marie Haasbroek
ABSTRACT In support of scholarship which proposes a Hellenistic date for biblical literature, this study proposes that portions of the Bible are written in the style of Attic theatre plays. Part II demonstrates the ways in which biblical literature meets all criteria for Attic tragedies in Aristotle’s Poetics, using the Book of Samuel as an example. This approach offers new ways to interpret biblical literature.
{"title":"Maskils and Musicals: Biblical Narrative and Attic Theatre, Part II","authors":"Lisa Marie Haasbroek","doi":"10.1080/09018328.2022.2120287","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/09018328.2022.2120287","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT In support of scholarship which proposes a Hellenistic date for biblical literature, this study proposes that portions of the Bible are written in the style of Attic theatre plays. Part II demonstrates the ways in which biblical literature meets all criteria for Attic tragedies in Aristotle’s Poetics, using the Book of Samuel as an example. This approach offers new ways to interpret biblical literature.","PeriodicalId":42456,"journal":{"name":"Scandinavian Journal of the Old Testament","volume":"36 1","pages":"185 - 198"},"PeriodicalIF":0.2,"publicationDate":"2022-07-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46459680","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"哲学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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