Pub Date : 2018-12-31DOI: 10.6092/ISSN.1973-9494/9234
S. Lorusso, A. M. Braida, A. Natali
An overview of the various and numerous themes relating to cultural and environmental heritage gathered together in one article represents, at an international level, a rare peculiarity. As a result of the research and teaching activities carried out over the decades at the Universities of Rome, Tuscia (Viterbo) and Bologna, integrated with the fundamental relationship and involvement of the Cultural and Productive Units scattered throughout the territory, I was led to synthetically describing, insofar as was possible, the different problems that involve the various scientific areas of a historical, technical, economic, managerial nature, within the context of interdisciplinarity and in respect of the holistic value of cultural heritage.
{"title":"Interdisciplinary Studies in Cultural and Environmental Heritage: History, Protection, Valorization, Management","authors":"S. Lorusso, A. M. Braida, A. Natali","doi":"10.6092/ISSN.1973-9494/9234","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.6092/ISSN.1973-9494/9234","url":null,"abstract":"An overview of the various and numerous themes relating to cultural and environmental heritage gathered together in one article represents, at an international level, a rare peculiarity. As a result of the research and teaching activities carried out over the decades at the Universities of Rome, Tuscia (Viterbo) and Bologna, integrated with the fundamental relationship and involvement of the Cultural and Productive Units scattered throughout the territory, I was led to synthetically describing, insofar as was possible, the different problems that involve the various scientific areas of a historical, technical, economic, managerial nature, within the context of interdisciplinarity and in respect of the holistic value of cultural heritage.","PeriodicalId":42483,"journal":{"name":"Conservation Science in Cultural Heritage","volume":"14 1","pages":"177-199"},"PeriodicalIF":0.2,"publicationDate":"2018-12-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"79057330","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2018-12-31DOI: 10.6092/ISSN.1973-9494/9230
A. Karozou, M. Stefanidou
In this study an effort has been made to find innovative and sustainable ways of increasing the hydrophobicity of clay-based mortars used in restoration by applying natural oils on the surface of selected samples. The concept was to find a new way of protecting the surface of these materials, but also to promote the idea of sustainability by using natural and recycled cooking oils. Thus, the oils applied for the surface protection of the mortars were hemp oil, borage oil (natural) and recycled spent cooking oil. The tests conducted on the treated specimens were, a capillary absorption test, drying test, porosity, Karsten tube test, stereoscopic observation, color alteration using Munsell charts, water vapor test and absorption of water droplet test. The results indicate the protective role of all the oils, since they reduce porosity and water uptake. Borage and hemp oil tend to alter the color of the specimens, but offer increased hydrophobicity, while the latter allowed the faster drying of the samples. The water vapor test indicates again the low level of water loss from the surface of the treated specimens, while for the specific test a sample with an admixture of recycled cooking oil inside the clay mass was created.
{"title":"Use of Oils for the Protection of Clay Mortars","authors":"A. Karozou, M. Stefanidou","doi":"10.6092/ISSN.1973-9494/9230","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.6092/ISSN.1973-9494/9230","url":null,"abstract":"In this study an effort has been made to find innovative and sustainable ways of increasing the hydrophobicity of clay-based mortars used in restoration by applying natural oils on the surface of selected samples. The concept was to find a new way of protecting the surface of these materials, but also to promote the idea of sustainability by using natural and recycled cooking oils. Thus, the oils applied for the surface protection of the mortars were hemp oil, borage oil (natural) and recycled spent cooking oil. The tests conducted on the treated specimens were, a capillary absorption test, drying test, porosity, Karsten tube test, stereoscopic observation, color alteration using Munsell charts, water vapor test and absorption of water droplet test. The results indicate the protective role of all the oils, since they reduce porosity and water uptake. Borage and hemp oil tend to alter the color of the specimens, but offer increased hydrophobicity, while the latter allowed the faster drying of the samples. The water vapor test indicates again the low level of water loss from the surface of the treated specimens, while for the specific test a sample with an admixture of recycled cooking oil inside the clay mass was created.","PeriodicalId":42483,"journal":{"name":"Conservation Science in Cultural Heritage","volume":"10 1","pages":"121-133"},"PeriodicalIF":0.2,"publicationDate":"2018-12-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"84181392","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2018-12-31DOI: 10.6092/issn.1973-9494/9233
Gianluigi Colalucci
On March 17, 2017, Gianluigi Colalucci presented his book entitled “ Io e Michelangelo ” at the Accademia Nazionale di San Luca. The volume was presented to the many people present by several personalities from the world of art history, such as Prof. Antonio Paolucci and Prof. Bruno Toscano, and from that of journalism, such as Nino Criscenti, who projected excerpts from the documentaries filmed on the scaffolding of the Sistine Chapel during the many years needed to complete the restoration, as well as reading excerpts from the book. The book’s theme is the story of the 14 long years and the memories that Colalucci has of the restoration of Michelangelo’s frescoes. From the first small cleaning test to the inaugural Mass that Pope John Paul II celebrated in the Chapel to solemnize the end of the restoration. The speakers emphasized the solitude and great responsibility of the restorer at the critical moments in the work, and the author recalled curious episodes and difficult moments faced in cleaning Adam’s head in the Creation of man and Christ’s head in the Last Judgment , among the most exceptional ever painted. There were however also unpleasant moments from those who contested the restoration.
2017年3月17日，Gianluigi Colalucci在圣卢卡国立学院(acadedemia Nazionale di San Luca)展出了他的新书《我是Michelan-gelo》。这本书是由几位来自艺术史世界的人物呈现给在场的许多人，如安东尼奥·保鲁奇教授和布鲁诺·托斯卡诺教授，以及来自新闻界的人物，如尼诺·克里森蒂，他在完成修复所需的多年时间里放映了在西斯廷教堂脚手架上拍摄的纪录片的摘录，并阅读了书中的摘录。这本书的主题是关于科拉鲁奇修复米开朗基罗壁画的14年漫长岁月和回忆的故事。从第一次小的清洁测试到教皇约翰·保罗二世在教堂举行的就职弥撒，以庆祝修复的结束。演讲者强调了作品中关键时刻修复者的孤独和重大责任，作者回忆了在创造人类时清理亚当的头和在最后审判时清理基督的头所面临的奇怪的情节和困难的动作，这些都是有史以来最特殊的绘画。然而，那些反对复辟的人也有不愉快的时刻。
{"title":"Michelangelo and I","authors":"Gianluigi Colalucci","doi":"10.6092/issn.1973-9494/9233","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.6092/issn.1973-9494/9233","url":null,"abstract":"On March 17, 2017, Gianluigi Colalucci presented his book entitled “ Io e Michelangelo ” at the Accademia Nazionale di San Luca. The volume was presented to the many people present by several personalities from the world of art history, such as Prof. Antonio Paolucci and Prof. Bruno Toscano, and from that of journalism, such as Nino Criscenti, who projected excerpts from the documentaries filmed on the scaffolding of the Sistine Chapel during the many years needed to complete the restoration, as well as reading excerpts from the book. The book’s theme is the story of the 14 long years and the memories that Colalucci has of the restoration of Michelangelo’s frescoes. From the first small cleaning test to the inaugural Mass that Pope John Paul II celebrated in the Chapel to solemnize the end of the restoration. The speakers emphasized the solitude and great responsibility of the restorer at the critical moments in the work, and the author recalled curious episodes and difficult moments faced in cleaning Adam’s head in the Creation of man and Christ’s head in the Last Judgment , among the most exceptional ever painted. There were however also unpleasant moments from those who contested the restoration.","PeriodicalId":42483,"journal":{"name":"Conservation Science in Cultural Heritage","volume":"40 1","pages":"165-175"},"PeriodicalIF":0.2,"publicationDate":"2018-12-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"87501651","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2018-12-31DOI: 10.6092/ISSN.1973-9494/9225
A. Dastgerdi, G. Luca
Heritage planning is the preservation, conservation, rehabilitation, restoration and management of heritage resources. This paper aims to propose an approach for specifying the values and importance of historic sites. In this study, the Historic Urban Landscape approach is taken as the research framework. This approach moves beyond the preservation of the physical environment and focuses on the entire human environment with all its tangible and intangible qualities. It seeks to increase the sustainability of planning and design interventions by taking into account the existing built environment, intangible heritage, cultural diversity, socio-economic and environmental factors along with local community values. This study indicates that a values-centered planning approach has emerged as a way of formalizing strategies for dealing with preservation challenges. The importance of values-centered preservation is the framework it offers for dealing holistically with historic sites and addressing both the contemporary and historic values of a place, a task which includes a report comprising written material and graphic material. The contents of the report should be arranged to suit the site and the limitations on the task, but it will generally be in two sections: first, the assessment of cultural significance and second, the statement of cultural significance. Therefore, determining the significance of historic places is to be considered as the basis for planning and implementing management strategies and sustainable development. Furthermore, heritage planning needs a progression that goes from identification, to evaluation, to management and together form a basis for preservation policies.
{"title":"Specifying the Significance of Historic Sites in Heritage Planning","authors":"A. Dastgerdi, G. Luca","doi":"10.6092/ISSN.1973-9494/9225","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.6092/ISSN.1973-9494/9225","url":null,"abstract":"Heritage planning is the preservation, conservation, rehabilitation, restoration and management of heritage resources. This paper aims to propose an approach for specifying the values and importance of historic sites. In this study, the Historic Urban Landscape approach is taken as the research framework. This approach moves beyond the preservation of the physical environment and focuses on the entire human environment with all its tangible and intangible qualities. It seeks to increase the sustainability of planning and design interventions by taking into account the existing built environment, intangible heritage, cultural diversity, socio-economic and environmental factors along with local community values. This study indicates that a values-centered planning approach has emerged as a way of formalizing strategies for dealing with preservation challenges. The importance of values-centered preservation is the framework it offers for dealing holistically with historic sites and addressing both the contemporary and historic values of a place, a task which includes a report comprising written material and graphic material. The contents of the report should be arranged to suit the site and the limitations on the task, but it will generally be in two sections: first, the assessment of cultural significance and second, the statement of cultural significance. Therefore, determining the significance of historic places is to be considered as the basis for planning and implementing management strategies and sustainable development. Furthermore, heritage planning needs a progression that goes from identification, to evaluation, to management and together form a basis for preservation policies.","PeriodicalId":42483,"journal":{"name":"Conservation Science in Cultural Heritage","volume":"19 6 1","pages":"29-39"},"PeriodicalIF":0.2,"publicationDate":"2018-12-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"85417994","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2018-12-31DOI: 10.6092/ISSN.1973-9494/9229
B. Pedram, Mohammadamin Emami, Mozhgan Khakban
The world is changing faster than ever. In this context and with the dizzying speed of changes in modern life, which has separated people from nature, they are seeking to return to a closer relationship with their environment. Creating open-air museums is part of a human effort to meet these innate demands. Nowadays, there are various museums that are not limited to specific subjects and works but involve a series of houses gathered from different locations for a variety of reasons and installed elsewhere. Along with the attempt to reconstruct the original form of the village, city or industrial area, other sections have been added. In addition to familiarizing people with their past and their ancestors, these museums provide a variety of programs for present and future audiences. In this paper, we investigated the origin, the foundation, and the evolution process of open-air museums in different countries. Also, we reviewed the role of open-air museums in the physical conservation of rural architectural heritage. We answered the questions: why create an open-air museum and are there any harmful effects if we isolate these buildings from their original premises or transfer these houses to another location? The results indicated that despite the damage to the originality of the work, transfer to different locations is one of the best ways to save and conserve them. A descriptive-analytical method was used with documentary and field tools. This paper involves applied research and provides information about open-air museums.
{"title":"Role of the Open-Air Museum in the Conservation of the Rural Architectural Heritage","authors":"B. Pedram, Mohammadamin Emami, Mozhgan Khakban","doi":"10.6092/ISSN.1973-9494/9229","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.6092/ISSN.1973-9494/9229","url":null,"abstract":"The world is changing faster than ever. In this context and with the dizzying speed of changes in modern life, which has separated people from nature, they are seeking to return to a closer relationship with their environment. Creating open-air museums is part of a human effort to meet these innate demands. Nowadays, there are various museums that are not limited to specific subjects and works but involve a series of houses gathered from different locations for a variety of reasons and installed elsewhere. Along with the attempt to reconstruct the original form of the village, city or industrial area, other sections have been added. In addition to familiarizing people with their past and their ancestors, these museums provide a variety of programs for present and future audiences. In this paper, we investigated the origin, the foundation, and the evolution process of open-air museums in different countries. Also, we reviewed the role of open-air museums in the physical conservation of rural architectural heritage. We answered the questions: why create an open-air museum and are there any harmful effects if we isolate these buildings from their original premises or transfer these houses to another location? The results indicated that despite the damage to the originality of the work, transfer to different locations is one of the best ways to save and conserve them. A descriptive-analytical method was used with documentary and field tools. This paper involves applied research and provides information about open-air museums.","PeriodicalId":42483,"journal":{"name":"Conservation Science in Cultural Heritage","volume":"20 1","pages":"101-120"},"PeriodicalIF":0.2,"publicationDate":"2018-12-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"87411963","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2018-03-28DOI: 10.6092/ISSN.1973-9494/7958
S. Lorusso, L. Colizzi
Design, understood as the planning and realizing of a project for a complex, material or conceptual object, has acquired diversified meanings over the years. Among them, designer objects, expressed by the civilization that created them, bear witness to the close relationship existing between goods and works of art. Consequently, design, as an expression of creativity, is a point of convergence for beauty of form, technology and functionality and thus, for art and science.
{"title":"Design Between Art, Technologies and Science","authors":"S. Lorusso, L. Colizzi","doi":"10.6092/ISSN.1973-9494/7958","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.6092/ISSN.1973-9494/7958","url":null,"abstract":"Design, understood as the planning and realizing of a project for a complex, material or conceptual object, has acquired diversified meanings over the years. Among them, designer objects, expressed by the civilization that created them, bear witness to the close relationship existing between goods and works of art. Consequently, design, as an expression of creativity, is a point of convergence for beauty of form, technology and functionality and thus, for art and science.","PeriodicalId":42483,"journal":{"name":"Conservation Science in Cultural Heritage","volume":"62 1","pages":"211-221"},"PeriodicalIF":0.2,"publicationDate":"2018-03-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"74795631","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2018-03-28DOI: 10.6092/ISSN.1973-9494/7944
S. Lorusso, V. Barone
{"title":"Discussed and greatly debated: the process of globalization in economics, science, culture","authors":"S. Lorusso, V. Barone","doi":"10.6092/ISSN.1973-9494/7944","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.6092/ISSN.1973-9494/7944","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":42483,"journal":{"name":"Conservation Science in Cultural Heritage","volume":"328 1","pages":"15-23"},"PeriodicalIF":0.2,"publicationDate":"2018-03-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"75486082","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2018-03-28DOI: 10.6092/issn.1973-9494/7957
F. Trifiró
This paper reports on several activities carried out in Italy in the restoration of cultural heritage by the following industries: Eni, Rhone Poulenc, Syremont, Mapei and CIR. Their activities, in this particular sector, involve the development of new chemical products for the restoration of architectural and monumental heritage, diagnostic analyses to characterize deterioration and the financing of conservation and restoration work.
{"title":"The Role of Industrial Research in the Field of Cultural Heritage","authors":"F. Trifiró","doi":"10.6092/issn.1973-9494/7957","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.6092/issn.1973-9494/7957","url":null,"abstract":"This paper reports on several activities carried out in Italy in the restoration of cultural heritage by the following industries: Eni, Rhone Poulenc, Syremont, Mapei and CIR. Their activities, in this particular sector, involve the development of new chemical products for the restoration of architectural and monumental heritage, diagnostic analyses to characterize deterioration and the financing of conservation and restoration work.","PeriodicalId":42483,"journal":{"name":"Conservation Science in Cultural Heritage","volume":"6 1","pages":"203-209"},"PeriodicalIF":0.2,"publicationDate":"2018-03-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"72553084","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2018-03-28DOI: 10.6092/issn.1973-9494/7953
G. P. Chudesova
The purpose of the study is to provide the historical truth about the role played by monarchs in the creation of St Petersburg in various historical periods. In this article, the specific period embraces the years 1703–1725. In addition, with the help of this article, the methodology for creating maximum cards as artefacts has been appro-bated and has been able to cover an extensive historical period. The relevance of this study is explained by the revival of interest in viewing historical architectural monuments as objects of social memory and gaining a visible and dynamic expression over time. The following research methods were used: information and data collection, which allowed the chronology of historical events to be reconstructed, the study of documents regarding the events associated with the erection of certain architectural objects; biographical research; methods of maximaphily, where the artefacts of the study are maximum cards created on the basis of the author's methodology. The results of the research contribute to the revitalization of a newly emerging extended social memory, which releases fresh vigour into the culture of the nation, thus contributing to increasing interest on the part of the popu-lation towards re-evaluating historical events. In founding St Petersburg, the Emperor Peter the Great created the outpost for Russia’s development towards European culture, so that the process of transformation he had started would continue into the future.
{"title":"Architecture During the Epoch of Peter the Great (1703-1725)","authors":"G. P. Chudesova","doi":"10.6092/issn.1973-9494/7953","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.6092/issn.1973-9494/7953","url":null,"abstract":"The purpose of the study is to provide the historical truth about the role played by monarchs in the creation of St Petersburg in various historical periods. In this article, the specific period embraces the years 1703–1725. In addition, with the help of this article, the methodology for creating maximum cards as artefacts has been appro-bated and has been able to cover an extensive historical period. The relevance of this study is explained by the revival of interest in viewing historical architectural monuments as objects of social memory and gaining a visible and dynamic expression over time. The following research methods were used: information and data collection, which allowed the chronology of historical events to be reconstructed, the study of documents regarding the events associated with the erection of certain architectural objects; biographical research; methods of maximaphily, where the artefacts of the study are maximum cards created on the basis of the author's methodology. The results of the research contribute to the revitalization of a newly emerging extended social memory, which releases fresh vigour into the culture of the nation, thus contributing to increasing interest on the part of the popu-lation towards re-evaluating historical events. In founding St Petersburg, the Emperor Peter the Great created the outpost for Russia’s development towards European culture, so that the process of transformation he had started would continue into the future.","PeriodicalId":42483,"journal":{"name":"Conservation Science in Cultural Heritage","volume":"41 1","pages":"149-167"},"PeriodicalIF":0.2,"publicationDate":"2018-03-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"88176915","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2018-03-28DOI: 10.6092/ISSN.1973-9494/7945
C. Rúa, Marcela Sepúlveda, Sebastián Gutiérrez, J. Cárcamo-Vega, Julio Surco-Luque, M. Campos-Vallette, F. Guzmán, P. Conti, Magdalena Pereira
Micro-Raman spectroscopy was used to analyze and identify pigments and determine the palette of color in wall paintings from four churches of the Colonial Period, in the Bolivian highlands. The ancient churches Santiago de Callapa, Curahuara de Carangas, NuestraSenora de Copacabana de Andamarca and San Jose de Soracachi were constructed during the 17th and 18th centuries, around the important colonial Ruta de la Plata, between Potosi city and Arica harbor on the Pacific coast of South America. Most pigments used in the wall paintings correspond to inorganic minerals as well as to organic colorants. Fully chlorinated copper phthalocyanine (green), copper phthalocyanine (blue), β-naphthol (yellow) and benzoimidazolone (red), were identified in the corresponding colored areas suggesting subsequent recent interventions or restorations. Ground layer materials were also characterized. The present results allow for discussion of the pictorial techniques used in the Andean highland during the colonial period and allow conservators and restorers to make important decisions regarding the type of intervention to perform in the case of these important historical and patrimonial monuments.
微拉曼光谱被用于分析和识别颜料，并确定了玻利维亚高地殖民时期四座教堂壁画的调色板。古教堂Santiago de Callapa, Curahuara de Carangas, NuestraSenora de Copacabana de Andamarca和San Jose de Soracachi建于17世纪和18世纪，位于重要的殖民地Ruta de la Plata周围，位于波托西市和南美洲太平洋沿岸的Arica港之间。壁画中使用的大多数颜料既属于有机颜料，也属于无机矿物。在相应的彩色区域发现了完全氯化的酞菁铜(绿色)、酞菁铜(蓝色)、β-萘酚(黄色)和苯并咪唑酮(红色)，表明随后的近期干预或修复。对接地层材料也进行了表征。目前的结果允许讨论殖民时期在安第斯高地使用的绘画技术，并允许保护人员和修复人员就这些重要的历史和遗产古迹的干预类型做出重要决定。
{"title":"Raman Identification of Pigments in Wall Paintings of the Colonial Period from Bolivian Churches in the Ruta De La Plata","authors":"C. Rúa, Marcela Sepúlveda, Sebastián Gutiérrez, J. Cárcamo-Vega, Julio Surco-Luque, M. Campos-Vallette, F. Guzmán, P. Conti, Magdalena Pereira","doi":"10.6092/ISSN.1973-9494/7945","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.6092/ISSN.1973-9494/7945","url":null,"abstract":"Micro-Raman spectroscopy was used to analyze and identify pigments and determine the palette of color in wall paintings from four churches of the Colonial Period, in the Bolivian highlands. The ancient churches Santiago de Callapa, Curahuara de Carangas, NuestraSenora de Copacabana de Andamarca and San Jose de Soracachi were constructed during the 17th and 18th centuries, around the important colonial Ruta de la Plata, between Potosi city and Arica harbor on the Pacific coast of South America. Most pigments used in the wall paintings correspond to inorganic minerals as well as to organic colorants. Fully chlorinated copper phthalocyanine (green), copper phthalocyanine (blue), β-naphthol (yellow) and benzoimidazolone (red), were identified in the corresponding colored areas suggesting subsequent recent interventions or restorations. Ground layer materials were also characterized. The present results allow for discussion of the pictorial techniques used in the Andean highland during the colonial period and allow conservators and restorers to make important decisions regarding the type of intervention to perform in the case of these important historical and patrimonial monuments.","PeriodicalId":42483,"journal":{"name":"Conservation Science in Cultural Heritage","volume":"75 12","pages":"117-137"},"PeriodicalIF":0.2,"publicationDate":"2018-03-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"72453630","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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