Pub Date : 2020-03-01DOI: 10.29393/chjaas36-22cpgg60022
Guillermina Gregoretti, J. Baudracco, Carlos Dimundo, A. Alesso, B. Lazzarini, Claudio Machado
(vacas -1 (kg PV ha -1 año -1 ; p < 0,0001) y producción de carne total (kg PV ha -1 -1 < 0,0001). Los tecnificados que ABSTRACT The productive characterization of livestock systems is a key aspect when designing management plans aimed at increasing beef production in a region. The objective of this work was to characterize technified cow-calf systems farms. Descriptive statistics and multivariate analyzes were performed at a significance level of p ≤ 0.05. Stocking rate (cows ha -1 ), weaning rate (%) and beef production (kg LW ha -1 year -1 ) of the surveyed farms were 15, 38 and 84% higher, respectively, compared with typical systems of the region. The higher area with cultivated species was positively correlated with pregnancy rate (p = 0.0269) and weaning rate (p = 0.0051). Supplementation level of cows (p = 0.0259) was positively associated with stocking rate (cows ha -1 ). Furthermore, stocking rate (cows ha -1 ) correlated positively with higher calf production (kg LW ha -1 year -1 ; p < 0.0001) and total beef production (kg LW ha -1 year - 1 ; p < 0.0001). Technified farms showed a better productive performance compared to that of typical cow-calf systems in the region studied.
{"title":"CARACTERIZACIÓN PRODUCTIVA DE SISTEMAS DE CRÍA BOVINA TECNIFICADOS DE LA REGIÓN CENTRO NORTE DE ARGENTINA","authors":"Guillermina Gregoretti, J. Baudracco, Carlos Dimundo, A. Alesso, B. Lazzarini, Claudio Machado","doi":"10.29393/chjaas36-22cpgg60022","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.29393/chjaas36-22cpgg60022","url":null,"abstract":"(vacas -1 (kg PV ha -1 año -1 ; p < 0,0001) y producción de carne total (kg PV ha -1 -1 < 0,0001). Los tecnificados que ABSTRACT The productive characterization of livestock systems is a key aspect when designing management plans aimed at increasing beef production in a region. The objective of this work was to characterize technified cow-calf systems farms. Descriptive statistics and multivariate analyzes were performed at a significance level of p ≤ 0.05. Stocking rate (cows ha -1 ), weaning rate (%) and beef production (kg LW ha -1 year -1 ) of the surveyed farms were 15, 38 and 84% higher, respectively, compared with typical systems of the region. The higher area with cultivated species was positively correlated with pregnancy rate (p = 0.0269) and weaning rate (p = 0.0051). Supplementation level of cows (p = 0.0259) was positively associated with stocking rate (cows ha -1 ). Furthermore, stocking rate (cows ha -1 ) correlated positively with higher calf production (kg LW ha -1 year -1 ; p < 0.0001) and total beef production (kg LW ha -1 year - 1 ; p < 0.0001). Technified farms showed a better productive performance compared to that of typical cow-calf systems in the region studied.","PeriodicalId":42485,"journal":{"name":"Chilean Journal of Agricultural & Animal Sciences","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2020-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45609012","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-03-01DOI: 10.29393/CHJAAS36-17MQCG80017
Christian Guajardo, V. Velasco, Rita Astudillo, C. Cáceres, Catalina Cea, Jorge Campos, M. Ocampo, L. Seminario
The dual-purpose Normande breed is characterized for its good adaptation to different productionsystems. The objective of this study was to determine the milk quality of the first Normande cowherd in the Nuble Region (Chile) compared with that of Holstein Friesian cows, and to developdairy products. The study was carried out with Normande (N) and Holstein Friesian (HF) cows in thefirst lactation. Milk quality parameters included titratable acidity, pH, density, fat content, and milkcomposition; whereas product development included production of Chanco cheese and mozzarellasticks. Chanco cheese was made from N and HF milk, and yield and composition were determined.Mozzarella sticks were made using N milk and two different salting processes (pre-salting andbrining); color, texture, melting capacity, proximal analysis, and sensory analysis were compared.Fat and protein content of HF cow’s milk was 3.35% and 2.87%, while values for the N were 3.35%,and 3.16%, respectively. Since there were no differences in fat content between breeds (P > 0.05),Chanco cheese yield was similar despite the fact that protein content of N milk was higher (P ? 0.05).Mozzarella sticks with a salting step at the end (brine at 25%) had greater firmness, melting capacityand acceptance (P ? 0.05). In conclusion, milk from N and HF breeds has different protein and lactosecontent but similar technological performance for the production of Chanco cheese. It is possible toproduce mozzarella cheese sticks using milk from Normande cows and to recommend raising thisdual-purpose breed in this Region.
{"title":"MILK QUALITY AND DAIRY PRODUCT DEVELOPMENT OF A NORMANDE COW HERD IN THE REGION OF ÑUBLE, CHILE","authors":"Christian Guajardo, V. Velasco, Rita Astudillo, C. Cáceres, Catalina Cea, Jorge Campos, M. Ocampo, L. Seminario","doi":"10.29393/CHJAAS36-17MQCG80017","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.29393/CHJAAS36-17MQCG80017","url":null,"abstract":"The dual-purpose Normande breed is characterized for its good adaptation to different productionsystems. The objective of this study was to determine the milk quality of the first Normande cowherd in the Nuble Region (Chile) compared with that of Holstein Friesian cows, and to developdairy products. The study was carried out with Normande (N) and Holstein Friesian (HF) cows in thefirst lactation. Milk quality parameters included titratable acidity, pH, density, fat content, and milkcomposition; whereas product development included production of Chanco cheese and mozzarellasticks. Chanco cheese was made from N and HF milk, and yield and composition were determined.Mozzarella sticks were made using N milk and two different salting processes (pre-salting andbrining); color, texture, melting capacity, proximal analysis, and sensory analysis were compared.Fat and protein content of HF cow’s milk was 3.35% and 2.87%, while values for the N were 3.35%,and 3.16%, respectively. Since there were no differences in fat content between breeds (P > 0.05),Chanco cheese yield was similar despite the fact that protein content of N milk was higher (P ? 0.05).Mozzarella sticks with a salting step at the end (brine at 25%) had greater firmness, melting capacityand acceptance (P ? 0.05). In conclusion, milk from N and HF breeds has different protein and lactosecontent but similar technological performance for the production of Chanco cheese. It is possible toproduce mozzarella cheese sticks using milk from Normande cows and to recommend raising thisdual-purpose breed in this Region.","PeriodicalId":42485,"journal":{"name":"Chilean Journal of Agricultural & Animal Sciences","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2020-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44478067","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-03-01DOI: 10.29393/chjaas36-1d40001
Gisela B.Ruiz, Marcelo Benítez Ahrendts
Ants are frequent visitors to Apis mellifera L. hives. Certain species may cause serious loss of productivity to apiculture. The objective of this study was to describe the diversity and abundance of ants both outside and inside the hives of Apis mellifera L. in Valles Templados, Jujuy province, Argentine. Ants were collected by hand and pitfall traps in the Spring and Summer season of 2016, 2017 and 2018, in apiaries found at three different localities of Valles Templados: Río Blanco, Tilquiza and Severino. Pitfall trapping resulted in 824 specimens belonging to 10 species in Severino, 208 individuals of 9 species in Tilquiza, and 289 individuals of 2 species in Río Blanco. The most common ant species found were: Pheidole sp. (56.07%), Linepithema humile (94.81%), and Solenopsis sp. (56.73%) in Severino, Rio Blanco and Tilquiza, respectively. The hand collection of ants yielded 248 individuals of 7 species collected in Severino, 35 individuals of 3 species in Tilquiza, and 294 individuals of 2 species in Río Blanco. The most common species was Linepithema humile 67.3%. The abundance figures showed significant differences among sampling sites. Several species collected by hand were the same as those collected with pitfall traps at the three localities. This study provides information about the taxonomic composition of Formicidae associated with Apis mellifera L. in Valles Templados in Jujuy. It also provides valuable information on the effect of ants on bee hives, which enables to develop control measures where necessary.
{"title":"DIVERSITY OF ANTS (HYMENOPTERA: FORMICIDAE) INSIDE AND OUTSIDE HIVES OF THE WESTERN HONEY BEE Apis mellifera L. (HYMENOPTERA: APIDAE), JUJUY, ARGENTINA","authors":"Gisela B.Ruiz, Marcelo Benítez Ahrendts","doi":"10.29393/chjaas36-1d40001","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.29393/chjaas36-1d40001","url":null,"abstract":"Ants are frequent visitors to Apis mellifera L. hives. Certain species may cause serious loss of productivity to apiculture. The objective of this study was to describe the diversity and abundance of ants both outside and inside the hives of Apis mellifera L. in Valles Templados, Jujuy province, Argentine. Ants were collected by hand and pitfall traps in the Spring and Summer season of 2016, 2017 and 2018, in apiaries found at three different localities of Valles Templados: Río Blanco, Tilquiza and Severino. Pitfall trapping resulted in 824 specimens belonging to 10 species in Severino, 208 individuals of 9 species in Tilquiza, and 289 individuals of 2 species in Río Blanco. The most common ant species found were: Pheidole sp. (56.07%), Linepithema humile (94.81%), and Solenopsis sp. (56.73%) in Severino, Rio Blanco and Tilquiza, respectively. The hand collection of ants yielded 248 individuals of 7 species collected in Severino, 35 individuals of 3 species in Tilquiza, and 294 individuals of 2 species in Río Blanco. The most common species was Linepithema humile 67.3%. The abundance figures showed significant differences among sampling sites. Several species collected by hand were the same as those collected with pitfall traps at the three localities. This study provides information about the taxonomic composition of Formicidae associated with Apis mellifera L. in Valles Templados in Jujuy. It also provides valuable information on the effect of ants on bee hives, which enables to develop control measures where necessary.","PeriodicalId":42485,"journal":{"name":"Chilean Journal of Agricultural & Animal Sciences","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2020-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48390570","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-03-01DOI: 10.29393/chjaas36-7pm40007
Miguel Valenzuela-Villar, R. Bastías, S. Rodriguez, Constanza Sabando
{"title":"DIVERSITY OF ANTS (HYMENOPTERA: FORMICIDAE) INSIDE AND OUTSIDE HIVES OF THE WESTERN HONEY BEE Apis mellifera L. (HYMENOPTERA: APIDAE), JUJUY, ARGENTINA","authors":"Miguel Valenzuela-Villar, R. Bastías, S. Rodriguez, Constanza Sabando","doi":"10.29393/chjaas36-7pm40007","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.29393/chjaas36-7pm40007","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":42485,"journal":{"name":"Chilean Journal of Agricultural & Animal Sciences","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2020-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"70005218","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-03-01DOI: 10.29393/chjaas36-2s30002
Robert Rafael-Rutte, R. Aguilar, E. Maldonado, Marianella Ruiz
The order Lepidoptera is one of the most important pests of cotton (Gossypium barbadens). These insects are controlled with synthetic insecticides, which contaminate the environment. Therefore, biological control is an environmentally friendly alternative to the use of such chemicals. The objective of this research was to isolate native strains of Bacillus thuringiensis (Bt) and evaluate their toxicity against Spodoptera frugiperda and Alabama argillacea, which are insect pests of the https://doi.org/10.29393/CHJAAS36-2S30002 53 Rafael-Rutte, R. et al. B. thuringiensis contra S. frugiperda y A. argillacea en algodón cotton crop. The native strains of Bt were isolated from soil samples from different cotton areas of the Piura, Perú. 600 colonies of the genus Bacillus were obtained, of which 37 native strains presented morphological characteristics similar to the standard strains of Bt (HD1 and NA118). The morphological and biochemical characterization showed that 15 strains showed parasporal crystal of bipyramidal form of toxic action against Lepidoptera, exhibiting biochemical characteristics equal to the standard strains of Bt. The toxic effect of these 15 native strains was evaluated through a food poisoned test using lettuce and cotton leaf discs. The results showed that strains IN-24, IN-30 and IN-34 caused 100% mortality in S. frugiperda; strains IN-19, IN-24 and IN-25 caused 100% mortality in A. argillacea; while strain IN-24 caused 100% mortality in both species. The artificial diet test showed that strains IN-34, IN-01 and IN-31 caused the highest mortality rates in S. frugiperda and A. argillacea, respectively, when compared with the standard strains HD1 and NA118. It is concluded that there are several native strains of B. thuringiensis that can control S. frugiperda and A. argillacea.
鳞翅目是棉花最重要的害虫之一。这些昆虫是用合成杀虫剂控制的，这种杀虫剂会污染环境。因此，生物控制是使用此类化学品的一种对环境友好的替代方法。本研究的目的是分离苏云金芽孢杆菌（Bt）的本土菌株，并评估其对草地贪夜蛾和阿拉巴马州粘虫的毒性https://doi.org/10.29393/CHJAAS36-2S3000253 Rafael Rutte，R.等人。苏云金芽孢杆菌与S.frugiperda和A.argillacea在棉花作物中的对抗。Bt的本土菌株是从秘鲁皮乌拉不同棉花区的土壤样本中分离出来的。获得了600个芽孢杆菌属菌落，其中37个本地菌株表现出与Bt标准菌株（HD1和NA118）相似的形态特征。形态学和生物化学特征表明，15个菌株对鳞翅目昆虫表现出双锥虫体形式的寄生晶体毒性，表现出与Bt标准菌株相当的生物化学特征。用生菜和棉花叶盘进行食物中毒试验，评价了这15个本土菌株的毒害效果。结果表明，菌株IN-24、IN-30和IN-34对草地贪夜蛾的致死率为100%；菌株IN-19、IN-24和IN-25导致精氨酸A.argillacea 100%的死亡率；而菌株IN-24在两个物种中均造成100%的死亡率。人工饮食试验表明，与标准菌株HD1和NA118相比，菌株IN-34、IN-01和IN-31分别导致了S.frugiperda和A.argillacea的最高死亡率。结果表明，苏云金芽孢杆菌有几种天然菌株可以控制草地贪腐杆菌和阿氏芽孢杆菌。
{"title":"CEPAS NATIVAS DE Bacillus thuringiensis CONTRA Spodoptera frugiperda y Alabama argillacea EN EL CULTIVO DE ALGODÓN (Gossypium barbadens) EN PIURA, PERÚ","authors":"Robert Rafael-Rutte, R. Aguilar, E. Maldonado, Marianella Ruiz","doi":"10.29393/chjaas36-2s30002","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.29393/chjaas36-2s30002","url":null,"abstract":"The order Lepidoptera is one of the most important pests of cotton (Gossypium barbadens). These insects are controlled with synthetic insecticides, which contaminate the environment. Therefore, biological control is an environmentally friendly alternative to the use of such chemicals. The objective of this research was to isolate native strains of Bacillus thuringiensis (Bt) and evaluate their toxicity against Spodoptera frugiperda and Alabama argillacea, which are insect pests of the https://doi.org/10.29393/CHJAAS36-2S30002 53 Rafael-Rutte, R. et al. B. thuringiensis contra S. frugiperda y A. argillacea en algodón cotton crop. The native strains of Bt were isolated from soil samples from different cotton areas of the Piura, Perú. 600 colonies of the genus Bacillus were obtained, of which 37 native strains presented morphological characteristics similar to the standard strains of Bt (HD1 and NA118). The morphological and biochemical characterization showed that 15 strains showed parasporal crystal of bipyramidal form of toxic action against Lepidoptera, exhibiting biochemical characteristics equal to the standard strains of Bt. The toxic effect of these 15 native strains was evaluated through a food poisoned test using lettuce and cotton leaf discs. The results showed that strains IN-24, IN-30 and IN-34 caused 100% mortality in S. frugiperda; strains IN-19, IN-24 and IN-25 caused 100% mortality in A. argillacea; while strain IN-24 caused 100% mortality in both species. The artificial diet test showed that strains IN-34, IN-01 and IN-31 caused the highest mortality rates in S. frugiperda and A. argillacea, respectively, when compared with the standard strains HD1 and NA118. It is concluded that there are several native strains of B. thuringiensis that can control S. frugiperda and A. argillacea.","PeriodicalId":42485,"journal":{"name":"Chilean Journal of Agricultural & Animal Sciences","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2020-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42306239","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-03-01DOI: 10.29393/chjaas36-20crjc30020
J. Cardenas, O. Balocchi, Ivan Calvache
Accumulated herbage mass (AHM) availability is a determining criterion for efficient pasture management and use. The Rising Plate Meter (RPM) is a tool for estimating this parameter; to do so, equations need to be developed for the pasture conditions in which it will be used. The objective of this study was to develop a calibration equation for the RPM to determine AHM in mixed pastures of Lolium perenne L. and Cenchrus clandestinus. The experiment was carried out at the San Pedro farm located in the municipality of Cota, Cundinamarca Department, Colombia. Sixteen experimental paddocks were used, composed of 30% L. perenne and 70% C. clandestinus; 25 samples per paddock were taken on a daily basis throughout the experimental period. A linear regression analysis was performed for compressed height (CH) and AHM expressed in kg DM ha-1. The resulting equation for the RPM calibration showed a high level of precision and indicated that AHM (kg ha-1) is highly dependent on CH. Given the level of accuracy of the regression equation developed in this study (R2 = 0.85), the RPM can be a useful tool for estimating AHM at a field level for mixed grasslands composed of L. perenne and C. clandestinus.
{"title":"CALIBRATION OF THE RISING PLATE METER FOR MIXED PASTURES OF RYEGRASS (Lolium perenne L.) AND KIKUYO (Cenchrus clandestinus)","authors":"J. Cardenas, O. Balocchi, Ivan Calvache","doi":"10.29393/chjaas36-20crjc30020","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.29393/chjaas36-20crjc30020","url":null,"abstract":"Accumulated herbage mass (AHM) availability is a determining criterion for efficient pasture management and use. The Rising Plate Meter (RPM) is a tool for estimating this parameter; to do so, equations need to be developed for the pasture conditions in which it will be used. The objective of this study was to develop a calibration equation for the RPM to determine AHM in mixed pastures of Lolium perenne L. and Cenchrus clandestinus. The experiment was carried out at the San Pedro farm located in the municipality of Cota, Cundinamarca Department, Colombia. Sixteen experimental paddocks were used, composed of 30% L. perenne and 70% C. clandestinus; 25 samples per paddock were taken on a daily basis throughout the experimental period. A linear regression analysis was performed for compressed height (CH) and AHM expressed in kg DM ha-1. The resulting equation for the RPM calibration showed a high level of precision and indicated that AHM (kg ha-1) is highly dependent on CH. Given the level of accuracy of the regression equation developed in this study (R2 = 0.85), the RPM can be a useful tool for estimating AHM at a field level for mixed grasslands composed of L. perenne and C. clandestinus.","PeriodicalId":42485,"journal":{"name":"Chilean Journal of Agricultural & Animal Sciences","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2020-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42747747","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-12-01DOI: 10.4067/s0719-38902019005000403
S. Luzardo, J. Clariget, G. Banchero
The aim of the study was to evaluate compensatory growth in lambs under semi-extensive growing conditions utilizing pasture haylage from Lotus uliginosus cv. E-Tanin as the main feed resource. Single (n = 36) and twin-born (n = 35) crossed Polwarth x Finnish Landrace lambs were assigned to three feeding treatments (restriction period) to achieve: low weight gain (LWG) less than 30 g a-1 d-1, medium weight gain (MWG) ~ 60 g a-1 d-1; and high weight gain (HWG) (~90 g a-1 d-1 for 82 days. Lambs were offered pasture haylage at LWG, haylage plus corn at MWG, and haylage plus corn and soybean meal at HWG, restricted at 2.5 to 3% of BW. Afterwards, lambs were individually penned and fed ad libitum for 82 days (refeeding phase). Live weight and feed intake (FI) were recorded during the experimental period, and average daily gain (ADG) and feed conversion ratio (FCR) were estimated. Ribeye area (REA) and fat depth (FAT) were measured in the refeeding phase. Both ADG and FI were significantly different (P < 0.05) among treatments (HWG > MWG > LWG) in the feeding restriction period. FCR did not differ (P > 0.05) between MWG and HWG but were lower (P < 0.05) than LWG. No differences (P > 0.05) were found in ADG between single and twin-born lambs during the refeeding period. Initial and final REA was greater (P < 0.05) in MWG and HWG than LWG. Even though haylage is a cheap feed alternative in semi-extensive production systems, it does not enable a full compensatory growth of LWG and MWG lambs.
本研究的目的是评价以莲花（Lotus uliginosus cv.E-Tanin）牧草为主要饲料资源的半粗放生长条件下羔羊的补偿生长。将Polwarth x Finnish Landrace杂交羔羊的单胎（n=36）和双胎（n=35）分为三个饲养处理（限制期）：低增重（LWG）小于30g a-1 d-1，中等增重（MWG）～60g a-1 d-1；和高增重（HWG）（~90 g a-1 d-1，持续82天。在LWG给羔羊提供牧场干草，在MWG给羔羊干草加玉米，在HWG给羔羊草料加玉米和豆粕，限制在体重的2.5%至3%。然后，羔羊被单独圈养并随意喂养82天（再喂养阶段）。记录实验期间的活重和采食量（FI），并估计平均日增重（ADG）和饲料转化率（FCR）。在再喂养阶段测量肋骨面积（REA）和脂肪深度（fat）。在限饲期内，各处理（HWG>MWG>LWG）的ADG和FI均有显著差异（P<0.05）。MWG和HWG之间的FCR没有差异（P>0.05），但低于LWG（P<0.05）。单胎和双胎羔羊在再喂养期间的ADG没有差异（P>0.05）。MWG和HWG的初始和最终REA大于LWG（P<0.05）。尽管干草在半粗放生产系统中是一种廉价的饲料替代品，但它并不能使LWG和MWG羔羊完全补偿性生长。
{"title":"CAN COMPENSATORY GROWTH MITIGATE A FEEDING RESTRICTION IN GROWING LAMBS?","authors":"S. Luzardo, J. Clariget, G. Banchero","doi":"10.4067/s0719-38902019005000403","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4067/s0719-38902019005000403","url":null,"abstract":"The aim of the study was to evaluate compensatory growth in lambs under semi-extensive growing conditions utilizing pasture haylage from Lotus uliginosus cv. E-Tanin as the main feed resource. Single (n = 36) and twin-born (n = 35) crossed Polwarth x Finnish Landrace lambs were assigned to three feeding treatments (restriction period) to achieve: low weight gain (LWG) less than 30 g a-1 d-1, medium weight gain (MWG) ~ 60 g a-1 d-1; and high weight gain (HWG) (~90 g a-1 d-1 for 82 days. Lambs were offered pasture haylage at LWG, haylage plus corn at MWG, and haylage plus corn and soybean meal at HWG, restricted at 2.5 to 3% of BW. Afterwards, lambs were individually penned and fed ad libitum for 82 days (refeeding phase). Live weight and feed intake (FI) were recorded during the experimental period, and average daily gain (ADG) and feed conversion ratio (FCR) were estimated. Ribeye area (REA) and fat depth (FAT) were measured in the refeeding phase. Both ADG and FI were significantly different (P < 0.05) among treatments (HWG > MWG > LWG) in the feeding restriction period. FCR did not differ (P > 0.05) between MWG and HWG but were lower (P < 0.05) than LWG. No differences (P > 0.05) were found in ADG between single and twin-born lambs during the refeeding period. Initial and final REA was greater (P < 0.05) in MWG and HWG than LWG. Even though haylage is a cheap feed alternative in semi-extensive production systems, it does not enable a full compensatory growth of LWG and MWG lambs.","PeriodicalId":42485,"journal":{"name":"Chilean Journal of Agricultural & Animal Sciences","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2019-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44273162","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-12-01DOI: 10.4067/s0719-38902019005000402
R. Contreras, V. Porcile, Drago Guggiana-Nilo, F. Aguayo
the quality of a dnA isolation method depends, among others, on the target tissue and the metabolites therein. Geoffroea decorticans burkart (chañar) is a species that has nutritional and pharmacological potential. However, an effective method of DNA extraction capable of facilitating population studies and food genetic traceability has not been studied yet. the objective of the present work was to evaluate four methods of DNA extraction from leaves and chañar-based foods. the methods were evaluated based on yield, dnA purity, and molecular markers. the cci-p (ctAb/ chloroform-isoamylalcohol/pellet) method showed the highest yield of dnA obtained from leaves. However, the cpci-sc (ctAb/phenol-chloroform-isoamylalcohol/silica-column) method was the only one that resulted in acceptable dnA quality with both parameters (A260/A280 and A260/A230). the leaf dnA obtained with this method showed a greater amount of fragments with rApd, and an acceptable amount of fragments with issr. on the other hand, the cci-p method showed a higher yield of dnA from arrope de chañar (syrup). However, the cpci-sc method was the only one that had relatively better DNA quality, which allowed the amplification of molecular markers. Regarding chañar flour, the CPCI-SC method showed the highest yield, DNA quality and good amplification with molecular markers. Therefore, the CPCI-SC extraction method is efficient for obtaining DNA from different matrices, and can support studies for a possible designation of origin of chañar-based foods.
dnA分离方法的质量尤其取决于靶组织及其代谢物。紫薇是一种具有营养和药理潜力的物种。然而，一种能够促进种群研究和食物遗传可追溯性的有效DNA提取方法尚未得到研究。本工作的目的是评估从树叶和以茶为基础的食物中提取DNA的四种方法。根据产量、dnA纯度和分子标记对方法进行了评价。cci-p（ctAb/氯仿-异戊醇/颗粒）法从叶片中获得的dnA产量最高。然而，cpci-sc（ctAb/苯酚-氯仿-异戊醇/硅胶柱）方法是唯一一种在两个参数（A260/A280和A260/A230）下都能获得可接受dnA质量的方法。用该方法获得的叶片dnA显示出大量的rApd片段和可接受的issr片段。另一方面，cci-p法从arrope de chañar（糖浆）中显示出较高的dnA产率。然而，cpci-sc方法是唯一一种DNA质量相对较好的方法，可以扩增分子标记。关于茶粉，CPCI-SC方法显示出最高的产量、DNA质量和良好的分子标记扩增。因此，CPCI-SC提取方法对于从不同基质中获得DNA是有效的，并且可以支持对以茶为基础的食品的原产地的可能指定的研究。
{"title":"AN EFFICIENT PROTOCOL TO PERFORM GENETIC TRACEABILITY OF TISSUE AND FOODS FROM Geoffroea decorticans","authors":"R. Contreras, V. Porcile, Drago Guggiana-Nilo, F. Aguayo","doi":"10.4067/s0719-38902019005000402","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4067/s0719-38902019005000402","url":null,"abstract":"the quality of a dnA isolation method depends, among others, on the target tissue and the metabolites therein. Geoffroea decorticans burkart (chañar) is a species that has nutritional and pharmacological potential. However, an effective method of DNA extraction capable of facilitating population studies and food genetic traceability has not been studied yet. the objective of the present work was to evaluate four methods of DNA extraction from leaves and chañar-based foods. the methods were evaluated based on yield, dnA purity, and molecular markers. the cci-p (ctAb/ chloroform-isoamylalcohol/pellet) method showed the highest yield of dnA obtained from leaves. However, the cpci-sc (ctAb/phenol-chloroform-isoamylalcohol/silica-column) method was the only one that resulted in acceptable dnA quality with both parameters (A260/A280 and A260/A230). the leaf dnA obtained with this method showed a greater amount of fragments with rApd, and an acceptable amount of fragments with issr. on the other hand, the cci-p method showed a higher yield of dnA from arrope de chañar (syrup). However, the cpci-sc method was the only one that had relatively better DNA quality, which allowed the amplification of molecular markers. Regarding chañar flour, the CPCI-SC method showed the highest yield, DNA quality and good amplification with molecular markers. Therefore, the CPCI-SC extraction method is efficient for obtaining DNA from different matrices, and can support studies for a possible designation of origin of chañar-based foods.","PeriodicalId":42485,"journal":{"name":"Chilean Journal of Agricultural & Animal Sciences","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2019-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47305775","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-12-01DOI: 10.4067/s0719-38902019005000401
M. Curis, I. Bertolaccini, Alejandra Lute, María A. Trod
El objetivo de este estudio fue cuantificar y comparar la diversidad de artrópodos benéficos de suelo de Coleopteros carabidae y del Orden Araneae, en cultivos de maíces Bt y convencionales. Anualmente se sembraron dos lotes de 1 ha, uno con maíz Bt y otro con maíz convencional, en la localidad de Pujato Norte, departamento Las Colonias, Santa Fe, Argentina, durante cinco campañas agrícolas (2005-2010). Para la captura de los artrópodos se utilizaron trampas de caída Pitfall, a razón de cuatro por lote. Los recuentos fueron semanales, desde la siembra hasta la cosecha. Se estimaron los siguientes índices ecológicos: abundancia relativa, diversidad de especies, equidad de Shannon, y se calculó el índice de Bray y Curtis para comparar las poblaciones de los dos cultivos. Las comparaciones se evaluaron mediante test no paramétrico de Mann-Whitney para datos apareados. No se hallaron diferencias en la diversidad ni en la abundancia de las especies de Carabidae y Araneae, ni en otras familias de artrópodos benéficos de suelo.
{"title":"DIVERSIDAD DE CARABIDOS (ORDEN: COLEOPTERA) Y ARAÑAS (CLASE: ARACHNIDA), EN MAÍCES Bt Y CONVENCIONALES EN EL CENTRO DE LA PROVINCIA DE SANTA FÉ, ARGENTINA","authors":"M. Curis, I. Bertolaccini, Alejandra Lute, María A. Trod","doi":"10.4067/s0719-38902019005000401","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4067/s0719-38902019005000401","url":null,"abstract":"El objetivo de este estudio fue cuantificar y comparar la diversidad de artrópodos benéficos de suelo de Coleopteros carabidae y del Orden Araneae, en cultivos de maíces Bt y convencionales. Anualmente se sembraron dos lotes de 1 ha, uno con maíz Bt y otro con maíz convencional, en la localidad de Pujato Norte, departamento Las Colonias, Santa Fe, Argentina, durante cinco campañas agrícolas (2005-2010). Para la captura de los artrópodos se utilizaron trampas de caída Pitfall, a razón de cuatro por lote. Los recuentos fueron semanales, desde la siembra hasta la cosecha. Se estimaron los siguientes índices ecológicos: abundancia relativa, diversidad de especies, equidad de Shannon, y se calculó el índice de Bray y Curtis para comparar las poblaciones de los dos cultivos. Las comparaciones se evaluaron mediante test no paramétrico de Mann-Whitney para datos apareados. No se hallaron diferencias en la diversidad ni en la abundancia de las especies de Carabidae y Araneae, ni en otras familias de artrópodos benéficos de suelo.","PeriodicalId":42485,"journal":{"name":"Chilean Journal of Agricultural & Animal Sciences","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2019-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44606853","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-12-01DOI: 10.4067/S0719-38902019005000503
H. Uribe, H. González
{"title":"RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN MILK SOLIDS YIELD EFFICIENCY AND POSTPARTUM BODY WEIGHT IN A PASTORAL DAIRY FARM IN CHILE","authors":"H. Uribe, H. González","doi":"10.4067/S0719-38902019005000503","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4067/S0719-38902019005000503","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":42485,"journal":{"name":"Chilean Journal of Agricultural & Animal Sciences","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2019-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48501657","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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