Pub Date : 2021-03-01DOI: 10.29393/chjaas37-30aeyd40030
Y. Mira, Luis A. Ramírez, L. F. Londoño, Darío A. Castañeda
Pteridium aquilinum (L.) Kuhn is a cosmopolitan plant with great competitive abilities, including allelopathy. The search for plants with negative allelopathic effects on other undesirable plants has led to the discovery of new useful substances for weed control. The objective of this research was to evaluate the allelopathic effect of P. aquilinum on seed germination and growth of four economically important weeds: Bidens pilosa L., Brachiaria decumbens Stapf, Emilia sonchifolia (L.) DC. ex DC and Rumex crispus L. Two experiments were conducted under laboratory and greenhouse conditions using extracts and dried plant residues of P. aquilinum, respectively. For the first experiment, extracts of bracken were obtained using four different solvents (hexane, dichloromethane, ethyl acetate, and methanol) and applied to the test seeds; germination rates were determined. For the second experiment, dry residues of bracken were applied to the soil at concentrations of 2, 5, and 10% and their effect on weed growth variables was determined; a control treatment (no appliacation) was also included. In addition, the presence of some chemical groups associated with each type of extract was qualitatively detected. The extracts inhibited seed germination by 52 - 97% in all the studied species. Dichloromethane and methanol were the most efficient solvents, while E. sonchifolia was the most sensitive species. The dry residues of bracken reduced germination by 18 - 44% of all the weeds, as well as root length of Bidens pilosa (-30%) and Brachiaria decumbens (-82%). The phytochemical analysis showed the presence of flavonoids, tannins, and polyphenols in the extracts. These results suggest that P. aquilinum can be a good alternative for the biocontrol of the weeds under study and provide knowledge for the development of bioherbicides.
{"title":"ALLELOPATHIC EFFECTS OF COMMON BRACKEN (Pteridium aquilinum (L.) Kuhn) ON GERMINATION AND GROWTH OF ECONOMICALLY IMPORTANT WEEDS","authors":"Y. Mira, Luis A. Ramírez, L. F. Londoño, Darío A. Castañeda","doi":"10.29393/chjaas37-30aeyd40030","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.29393/chjaas37-30aeyd40030","url":null,"abstract":"Pteridium aquilinum (L.) Kuhn is a cosmopolitan plant with great competitive abilities, including allelopathy. The search for plants with negative allelopathic effects on other undesirable plants has led to the discovery of new useful substances for weed control. The objective of this research was to evaluate the allelopathic effect of P. aquilinum on seed germination and growth of four economically important weeds: Bidens pilosa L., Brachiaria decumbens Stapf, Emilia sonchifolia (L.) DC. ex DC and Rumex crispus L. Two experiments were conducted under laboratory and greenhouse conditions using extracts and dried plant residues of P. aquilinum, respectively. For the first experiment, extracts of bracken were obtained using four different solvents (hexane, dichloromethane, ethyl acetate, and methanol) and applied to the test seeds; germination rates were determined. For the second experiment, dry residues of bracken were applied to the soil at concentrations of 2, 5, and 10% and their effect on weed growth variables was determined; a control treatment (no appliacation) was also included. In addition, the presence of some chemical groups associated with each type of extract was qualitatively detected. The extracts inhibited seed germination by 52 - 97% in all the studied species. Dichloromethane and methanol were the most efficient solvents, while E. sonchifolia was the most sensitive species. The dry residues of bracken reduced germination by 18 - 44% of all the weeds, as well as root length of Bidens pilosa (-30%) and Brachiaria decumbens (-82%). The phytochemical analysis showed the presence of flavonoids, tannins, and polyphenols in the extracts. These results suggest that P. aquilinum can be a good alternative for the biocontrol of the weeds under study and provide knowledge for the development of bioherbicides.","PeriodicalId":42485,"journal":{"name":"Chilean Journal of Agricultural & Animal Sciences","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2021-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42309193","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-03-01DOI: 10.29393/chjaas37-22alcu60022
C. Luna-Palomera, J. Domínguez-Viveros, Guadalupe Nelson Aguilar-Palma, Francisco Castillo-Rangel, F. Sánchez-Dávila, U. Macías-Cruz
This study aimed to evaluate the lactation curve of female Murrah buffaloes, using mixed nonlinear models (NLM), across three lactation periods (180 d, 210 d, and 240 d). A total of 5334 data on daily milk production (kg) were analyzed. The data were collected every seven days in the interval of one to 250 days of lactation, corresponding to 221 lactations and 145 females, with calvings from 2017 to 2019. The data came from a herd located in the Centro municipality, Tabasco, Mexico. Five NLM were evaluated: Wood (WOD), Wiltmink (WIL), Cobby (COB), Brody (BRO), Sikka (SIK). The best fit model was selected based on the mean prediction error, mean absolute percentage error (MAPE), prediction error variance, coefficient of determination (R 2 ), concordance correlation coefficient (CCC), Akaike (AIC) and Bayesian (BIC) information criteria. A regression analysis was performed between the observed and predicted values. All the NLM had a R 2 above 0.91. They tend to underestimate the predictions, without residual autocorrelation. The MAPE showed an average value of 23.5%. The best fit model was WOD, followed by SIK and BRO. For WIL and COB, the mixed model did not improve the fitting. The shortest lactation period showed the best fit, followed by the 210 d and 240 d periods. The relationship between observed:predicted values fluctuated from 0.65 to 1.00, with an average value of 0.94. The use of NLM transcended in the AIC and BIC. The evaluated models showed goodness of fit, with good predictability, but low values in accuracy and precision of prediction.
{"title":"ANALYSIS OF THE LACTATION CURVE OF MURRAH BUFFALOES WITH MIXED NON-LINEAR MODELS","authors":"C. Luna-Palomera, J. Domínguez-Viveros, Guadalupe Nelson Aguilar-Palma, Francisco Castillo-Rangel, F. Sánchez-Dávila, U. Macías-Cruz","doi":"10.29393/chjaas37-22alcu60022","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.29393/chjaas37-22alcu60022","url":null,"abstract":"This study aimed to evaluate the lactation curve of female Murrah buffaloes, using mixed nonlinear models (NLM), across three lactation periods (180 d, 210 d, and 240 d). A total of 5334 data on daily milk production (kg) were analyzed. The data were collected every seven days in the interval of one to 250 days of lactation, corresponding to 221 lactations and 145 females, with calvings from 2017 to 2019. The data came from a herd located in the Centro municipality, Tabasco, Mexico. Five NLM were evaluated: Wood (WOD), Wiltmink (WIL), Cobby (COB), Brody (BRO), Sikka (SIK). The best fit model was selected based on the mean prediction error, mean absolute percentage error (MAPE), prediction error variance, coefficient of determination (R 2 ), concordance correlation coefficient (CCC), Akaike (AIC) and Bayesian (BIC) information criteria. A regression analysis was performed between the observed and predicted values. All the NLM had a R 2 above 0.91. They tend to underestimate the predictions, without residual autocorrelation. The MAPE showed an average value of 23.5%. The best fit model was WOD, followed by SIK and BRO. For WIL and COB, the mixed model did not improve the fitting. The shortest lactation period showed the best fit, followed by the 210 d and 240 d periods. The relationship between observed:predicted values fluctuated from 0.65 to 1.00, with an average value of 0.94. The use of NLM transcended in the AIC and BIC. The evaluated models showed goodness of fit, with good predictability, but low values in accuracy and precision of prediction.","PeriodicalId":42485,"journal":{"name":"Chilean Journal of Agricultural & Animal Sciences","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2021-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45385470","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-03-01DOI: 10.29393/chjaas37-23amam30023
A. Takele, A. Melesse, Mestawet Taye
Multivariate analysis of morphological variables has been successfully used to estimate genetic variation within and between local breeds. The objective of this study was to differentiate Hararghe highland goat populations based on their morphometric traits by applying multivariate analysis. Sixteen morphometric traits were collected from 450 goats reared in the three agroecological zones (highland, midland and lowland) of West Hararghe. Multivariate canonical discriminant analysis in combination with cluster and discriminant analysis was applied to identify the combination of variables that differentiate goats of the three agroecological zones. The results indicated that all the morphometric traits were significantly affected by age. The cluster analysis indicated that two main groups of midland goats were included in one group, while group two included highland and lowland goats under one sub-cluster. The canonical discriminant analysis identified two canonical variables (CAN) of which CAN1 and CAN2 accounted for 68.2 and 31.8% of the total variation, respectively. The quadratic discriminant analysis correctly assigned the respective 71.3, 77.3, and 81.3% of lowland, midland, and highland goat populations into their source populations, with an overall accuracy rate of 76.7%. The Mahalanobis distance verified that lowland and highland goats are the closest, while midland and highland goats were the furthest. However, the canonical discriminant analysis indicated a visible overlapping between goat populations of the three agroecological zones, indicating the existence of homogeneity among them. In conclusion, multivariate analysis identified 11 morphometric traits as the most imperative traits to differentiate Hararghe highland goat populations effectively. Genetic potentials of Hararghe highland goat populations can be improved through community-based breeding programs for their sustainable utilization and conservation.
{"title":"APPLICATION OF MULTIVARIATE ANALYSIS TO DIFFERENTIATE HARARGHE HIGHLAND GOAT POPULATIONS REARED IN THE WEST HARARGHE ZONE, ETHIOPIA","authors":"A. Takele, A. Melesse, Mestawet Taye","doi":"10.29393/chjaas37-23amam30023","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.29393/chjaas37-23amam30023","url":null,"abstract":"Multivariate analysis of morphological variables has been successfully used to estimate genetic variation within and between local breeds. The objective of this study was to differentiate Hararghe highland goat populations based on their morphometric traits by applying multivariate analysis. Sixteen morphometric traits were collected from 450 goats reared in the three agroecological zones (highland, midland and lowland) of West Hararghe. Multivariate canonical discriminant analysis in combination with cluster and discriminant analysis was applied to identify the combination of variables that differentiate goats of the three agroecological zones. The results indicated that all the morphometric traits were significantly affected by age. The cluster analysis indicated that two main groups of midland goats were included in one group, while group two included highland and lowland goats under one sub-cluster. The canonical discriminant analysis identified two canonical variables (CAN) of which CAN1 and CAN2 accounted for 68.2 and 31.8% of the total variation, respectively. The quadratic discriminant analysis correctly assigned the respective 71.3, 77.3, and 81.3% of lowland, midland, and highland goat populations into their source populations, with an overall accuracy rate of 76.7%. The Mahalanobis distance verified that lowland and highland goats are the closest, while midland and highland goats were the furthest. However, the canonical discriminant analysis indicated a visible overlapping between goat populations of the three agroecological zones, indicating the existence of homogeneity among them. In conclusion, multivariate analysis identified 11 morphometric traits as the most imperative traits to differentiate Hararghe highland goat populations effectively. Genetic potentials of Hararghe highland goat populations can be improved through community-based breeding programs for their sustainable utilization and conservation.","PeriodicalId":42485,"journal":{"name":"Chilean Journal of Agricultural & Animal Sciences","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2021-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44298323","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-03-01DOI: 10.29393/chjaas37-31cmlo40031
Laura Carolina Narvaez, Ana Cristina Bolaños Rojas, Adriana Maria Chaurra Arboleda, Orlando Zuñiga Escobar
Spent mushroom substrate of different edible mushrooms is a nutrient-rich biomass associated with mycelial metabolic activity in the growth substrate. The objective of this study was to evaluate the changes in the nutritional content and physical properties of a sugarcane bagasse substrate after the cultivation of the edible mushrooms Pleurotus ostreatus and Lentinula edodes . Strains of both species were first propagated in potato dextrose agar culture medium, then in wheat grains, and finally inoculated in sterile sugarcane bagasse. Determinations of macronutrients, pH and C:N ratio were carried out at 0, 30 and 60 days after mushroom mycelium growth in the bagasse-based substrate. After 30 and 60 days of inoculation, nitrogen (N), phosphorous (P) and potassium (K) recorded increases of 0.26%, 0.06% and 0.14 with Pleurotus ostreatus, and increases of 0.33%, 0.05%, and 0.11% with Lentinula edodes, respectively. Regarding micronutrients, there was an increase in Calcium (Ca) and Sulphur (S) in both substrates, but amounts varied during the time evaluated. Additionally, an important increase in hydrogen ion concentration was observed when both species were inoculated, with final values of 4.26 and 3.9 for Pleurotus ostreatus and Lentinula edodes species, respectively. In conclusion, this biomass presents a high percentage of the essential micro and macro elements required in a fertilizer.
{"title":"CHANGES IN MACRONUTRIENTS AND PHYSICAL PROPERTIES DURING THE GROWTH OF Lentinula edodes AND Pleurotus ostreatus IN A COMPOST BASED ON SUGARCANE BAGASSE AGRICULTURAL WASTE","authors":"Laura Carolina Narvaez, Ana Cristina Bolaños Rojas, Adriana Maria Chaurra Arboleda, Orlando Zuñiga Escobar","doi":"10.29393/chjaas37-31cmlo40031","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.29393/chjaas37-31cmlo40031","url":null,"abstract":"Spent mushroom substrate of different edible mushrooms is a nutrient-rich biomass associated with mycelial metabolic activity in the growth substrate. The objective of this study was to evaluate the changes in the nutritional content and physical properties of a sugarcane bagasse substrate after the cultivation of the edible mushrooms Pleurotus ostreatus and Lentinula edodes . Strains of both species were first propagated in potato dextrose agar culture medium, then in wheat grains, and finally inoculated in sterile sugarcane bagasse. Determinations of macronutrients, pH and C:N ratio were carried out at 0, 30 and 60 days after mushroom mycelium growth in the bagasse-based substrate. After 30 and 60 days of inoculation, nitrogen (N), phosphorous (P) and potassium (K) recorded increases of 0.26%, 0.06% and 0.14 with Pleurotus ostreatus, and increases of 0.33%, 0.05%, and 0.11% with Lentinula edodes, respectively. Regarding micronutrients, there was an increase in Calcium (Ca) and Sulphur (S) in both substrates, but amounts varied during the time evaluated. Additionally, an important increase in hydrogen ion concentration was observed when both species were inoculated, with final values of 4.26 and 3.9 for Pleurotus ostreatus and Lentinula edodes species, respectively. In conclusion, this biomass presents a high percentage of the essential micro and macro elements required in a fertilizer.","PeriodicalId":42485,"journal":{"name":"Chilean Journal of Agricultural & Animal Sciences","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2021-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49293728","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-03-01DOI: 10.29393/chjaas37-29cctj50029
T. Romero-Cortes, E. A. Zavala-González, V. H. Pérez España, J. E. Aparicio-Burgos, Jaime Alioscha Cuervo-Parra
Barley ( Hordeum vulgare ) is generally used for animal feed, and food and beer production industries. Its production is affected by phytopathogens, of which Ramularia collo-cygni, Puccinia spp., Pyrenophora teres and Cochliobolus sativus are of global concern. In Mexico, there are few studies available on the morphological and molecular identification of fungi responsible for causing fungal diseases of barley. Therefore, the objective of this work was to identify, morphologically and molecularly, fungi isolated from barley seeds. The strains were identified by morphological analysis and by sequencing of the conserved ITS1/5.8s/ITS2 region of the ribosomal gene. Morphologically, the strains were identified as P. teres and C. sativus , which was confirmed with bioinformatics techniques using BLAST and MEGA6 programs. The results showed that the strains isolated from barley seeds in the highlands of Mexico were consistent with the sequences of P. teres and C. sativus deposited in the GenBank. These results will allow identifying some of the species of native fungi found in barley seeds.
{"title":"CHARACTERIZATION OF Cochliobolus sativus AND Pyrenophora teres FUNGI BELONGING TO THE LEAF SPOT COMPLEX OF BARLEY (Hordeum vulgare) ISOLATED FROM BARLEY SEEDS IN MEXICO","authors":"T. Romero-Cortes, E. A. Zavala-González, V. H. Pérez España, J. E. Aparicio-Burgos, Jaime Alioscha Cuervo-Parra","doi":"10.29393/chjaas37-29cctj50029","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.29393/chjaas37-29cctj50029","url":null,"abstract":"Barley ( Hordeum vulgare ) is generally used for animal feed, and food and beer production industries. Its production is affected by phytopathogens, of which Ramularia collo-cygni, Puccinia spp., Pyrenophora teres and Cochliobolus sativus are of global concern. In Mexico, there are few studies available on the morphological and molecular identification of fungi responsible for causing fungal diseases of barley. Therefore, the objective of this work was to identify, morphologically and molecularly, fungi isolated from barley seeds. The strains were identified by morphological analysis and by sequencing of the conserved ITS1/5.8s/ITS2 region of the ribosomal gene. Morphologically, the strains were identified as P. teres and C. sativus , which was confirmed with bioinformatics techniques using BLAST and MEGA6 programs. The results showed that the strains isolated from barley seeds in the highlands of Mexico were consistent with the sequences of P. teres and C. sativus deposited in the GenBank. These results will allow identifying some of the species of native fungi found in barley seeds.","PeriodicalId":42485,"journal":{"name":"Chilean Journal of Agricultural & Animal Sciences","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2021-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49437554","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-03-01DOI: 10.29393/chjaas37-27aijl50027
Jennifer Lorena García Riaño, Juliana Gómez-Valderrama, Gustavo Adolfo Araque- Echeverry, D. Vásquez, Laura Fernanda Villamizar-Rivero
The development and use of microbial pesticides for the control of agricultural pests has intensified in recent years due to the increasing need for reductions in the use of highly toxic agrochemicals. To fill this growing need for biopesticides it is necessary to develop suitable formulations that stabilize microorganisms against environmental stress factors that reduce their efficacy and persistence in the field. In this context, the objective of the present work was to determine the insecticidal activity and persistence on sugarcane plants, of an emulsifiable concentrate (EC) containing Beauveria bassiana for the control of sugarcane borer, Diatraea sp. Photostability of the formulation under UV radiation type B and the mean and ninety lethal concentrations were also determined under laboratory conditions. The EC reached more than 80% efficacy against D. saccharalis larvae under semi-controlled field conditions. The EC efficiently photostabilized the conidia, maintaining 68.9% germination after nine minutes of irradiation while unformulated conidia completely lost the ability to germinate. This effect was also observed for the insecticidal activity, with unformulated conidia losing 30% more efficacy than formulated conidia after nine minutes of irradiation. The insecticidal activity and conidia count on sugarcane plants under field conditions decreased one and two weeks post application, respectively. Although the EC containing on B. bassiana demonstrated effective insecticidal activity against D. saccharalis , it is necessary to carry out field trials to optimize the formulation and determine the method and frequency of application to maximize its performance.
{"title":"ACTIVIDAD INSECTICIDA Y PERSISTENCIA DE UN FORMULADO A BASE DE Beauveria bassiana PARA EL CONTROL DE Diatraea saccharalis","authors":"Jennifer Lorena García Riaño, Juliana Gómez-Valderrama, Gustavo Adolfo Araque- Echeverry, D. Vásquez, Laura Fernanda Villamizar-Rivero","doi":"10.29393/chjaas37-27aijl50027","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.29393/chjaas37-27aijl50027","url":null,"abstract":"The development and use of microbial pesticides for the control of agricultural pests has intensified in recent years due to the increasing need for reductions in the use of highly toxic agrochemicals. To fill this growing need for biopesticides it is necessary to develop suitable formulations that stabilize microorganisms against environmental stress factors that reduce their efficacy and persistence in the field. In this context, the objective of the present work was to determine the insecticidal activity and persistence on sugarcane plants, of an emulsifiable concentrate (EC) containing Beauveria bassiana for the control of sugarcane borer, Diatraea sp. Photostability of the formulation under UV radiation type B and the mean and ninety lethal concentrations were also determined under laboratory conditions. The EC reached more than 80% efficacy against D. saccharalis larvae under semi-controlled field conditions. The EC efficiently photostabilized the conidia, maintaining 68.9% germination after nine minutes of irradiation while unformulated conidia completely lost the ability to germinate. This effect was also observed for the insecticidal activity, with unformulated conidia losing 30% more efficacy than formulated conidia after nine minutes of irradiation. The insecticidal activity and conidia count on sugarcane plants under field conditions decreased one and two weeks post application, respectively. Although the EC containing on B. bassiana demonstrated effective insecticidal activity against D. saccharalis , it is necessary to carry out field trials to optimize the formulation and determine the method and frequency of application to maximize its performance.","PeriodicalId":42485,"journal":{"name":"Chilean Journal of Agricultural & Animal Sciences","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2021-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48916651","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-03-01DOI: 10.29393/chjaas37-32wbml70032
M. L. Lemoine, Ulises Fontana, Jazmín Hurtado, F. Pintos, M. Arena, Ariel R. Vicente, L. Rodoni
Barberry ( Berberis microphylla ) is a wild berry endemic to the Andean-Patagonian zone of Argentina and Chile. Even though it is not widely used or consumed, it has great potential for coloring and enrichment of different food matrices due to its high anthocyanin and antioxidant contents. The objective of this study was to evaluate the impact of barberry addition on quality parameters and stability of sour beer. Nutritional, physicochemical and sensory characteristics of the beer were analyzed. Firstly, different amounts of freeze-dried barberry were added to sour beer (0, 2.5, 5, and 10 g L -1 ) after primary fermentation. In the next experiment, beers brewed with 0 (control) and 5 g L -1 of barberry were stored at 5ºC for up to 90 days and evaluated on a monthly basis. As demonstrated by the CIE Lab and Abs 520nm parameters, barberry addition resulted in a marked color shift towards ruby red tones. It also increased TEAC and phenolic contents by 2-4 times, without affecting beer pH, acidity, or density. Furthermore, it had a positive impact on overall impression, appearance, aroma, flavor and balanced scores in a trained sensorial panel. Beer total anthocyanins varied between 30 and 100 mg D3G L -1 . The beers brewed with barberry fruit presented stable antioxidant capacity, total anthocyanin content and both anthocyanin ionization and polymerization degree during storage. The results show that barberry can be used as an ingredient to make red and antioxidant-enriched sour beers with good stability during storage. ); B: (Abs 520; pH<1 - Abs 700; pH<1 ); DF: dilution factor Anthocyanin degradation products were measured by polymeric color assay. The degassed beer sample was diluted with distilled water. A 2.8 mL-aliquot portion of the dilution was placed in a test tube and 0.2 mL of S (20% freshly prepared)
小叶小檗(Berberis microphylla)是阿根廷和智利安第斯-巴塔哥尼亚地区特有的野生浆果。虽然它没有被广泛使用或消费，但由于其高花青素和抗氧化剂含量，它在不同食物基质的着色和富集方面具有很大的潜力。本研究的目的是评价枸杞添加量对酸啤酒品质参数和稳定性的影响。对啤酒的营养、理化和感官特性进行了分析。首先，在发酵后的酸啤酒中加入不同量的冻干小檗(0、2.5、5、10 g L -1)。在接下来的实验中，用0(对照)和5 g L -1的小檗酿造的啤酒在5ºC下储存长达90天，并按月进行评估。正如CIE实验室和Abs 520nm参数所证明的那样，加入小檗会导致显着的颜色向红宝石色调偏移。在不影响啤酒pH值、酸度和密度的情况下，TEAC和酚类物质含量也增加了2-4倍。此外，它对整体印象，外观，香气，风味和平衡分数有积极的影响。啤酒总花青素在30到100毫克D3G L -1之间变化。用杨梅果实酿造的啤酒在贮藏过程中具有稳定的抗氧化能力、总花青素含量以及花青素的电离度和聚合度。结果表明，以小檗为原料可制成富含抗氧化剂的酸啤酒，且在贮藏过程中具有良好的稳定性。;B:(Abs 520;pH<1 - Abs 700;pH值< 1);DF:稀释因子花色素苷降解产物用聚合显色法测定。脱气的啤酒样品用蒸馏水稀释。将2.8 mL等分稀释液和0.2 mL S(20%新鲜配制)放入试管中。
{"title":"WILD BARBERRY FRUIT (Berberis microphylla G. Forst.) AS A NATURAL INGREDIENT FOR BEER BREWING","authors":"M. L. Lemoine, Ulises Fontana, Jazmín Hurtado, F. Pintos, M. Arena, Ariel R. Vicente, L. Rodoni","doi":"10.29393/chjaas37-32wbml70032","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.29393/chjaas37-32wbml70032","url":null,"abstract":"Barberry ( Berberis microphylla ) is a wild berry endemic to the Andean-Patagonian zone of Argentina and Chile. Even though it is not widely used or consumed, it has great potential for coloring and enrichment of different food matrices due to its high anthocyanin and antioxidant contents. The objective of this study was to evaluate the impact of barberry addition on quality parameters and stability of sour beer. Nutritional, physicochemical and sensory characteristics of the beer were analyzed. Firstly, different amounts of freeze-dried barberry were added to sour beer (0, 2.5, 5, and 10 g L -1 ) after primary fermentation. In the next experiment, beers brewed with 0 (control) and 5 g L -1 of barberry were stored at 5ºC for up to 90 days and evaluated on a monthly basis. As demonstrated by the CIE Lab and Abs 520nm parameters, barberry addition resulted in a marked color shift towards ruby red tones. It also increased TEAC and phenolic contents by 2-4 times, without affecting beer pH, acidity, or density. Furthermore, it had a positive impact on overall impression, appearance, aroma, flavor and balanced scores in a trained sensorial panel. Beer total anthocyanins varied between 30 and 100 mg D3G L -1 . The beers brewed with barberry fruit presented stable antioxidant capacity, total anthocyanin content and both anthocyanin ionization and polymerization degree during storage. The results show that barberry can be used as an ingredient to make red and antioxidant-enriched sour beers with good stability during storage. ); B: (Abs 520; pH<1 - Abs 700; pH<1 ); DF: dilution factor Anthocyanin degradation products were measured by polymeric color assay. The degassed beer sample was diluted with distilled water. A 2.8 mL-aliquot portion of the dilution was placed in a test tube and 0.2 mL of S (20% freshly prepared)","PeriodicalId":42485,"journal":{"name":"Chilean Journal of Agricultural & Animal Sciences","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2021-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45668872","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-03-01DOI: 10.29393/chjaas37-33pavm90033
Víctor Hugo Merani, Facundo Guilino, M. Ponce, J. M. Vazquez, L. Larrieu, A. Giambelluca, P. Platz, Santiago Tour, Matilde Mur
A study was conducted in order to compare two types of artificial collectors (water-sensitive paper and photographic paper) using two software programs (Gotas-PC and CIR1.5) for the assessment of spray applications with two different nozzle types (XR11002VP and TXA8002VK). The evaluated parameters were DV0.5, droplet number density and efficiency, this was compared to the colometric determination with bright blue tracer. The trial was conducted inside a closed facility, under semi-controlled conditions, in absence of wind and on a uniform level ground. Droplet number density did not show significant differences between collectors using Gotas-PC, but differences were found with CIR1.5. For water-sensitive paper, efficiency is overestimated with CIR1.5 software but underestimated with Gotas-PC. However, both software programs underestimate with photographic paper according to the smaller imprints that result in lower values of DV0,5 and efficiency. In applications with smaller droplet population, efficiency is similar with both software programs. The CIR1.5 software is more sensitive for analyzing drops on both collector types and can distinguish a larger number of drops and smaller sizes. water-sensitive paper, photography paper, Kromecote, Gotas-PC.
{"title":"PULVERIZACIONES AGRÍCOLAS: COMPARACIÓN DE METODOLOGÍAS PARA SU EVALUACIÓN","authors":"Víctor Hugo Merani, Facundo Guilino, M. Ponce, J. M. Vazquez, L. Larrieu, A. Giambelluca, P. Platz, Santiago Tour, Matilde Mur","doi":"10.29393/chjaas37-33pavm90033","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.29393/chjaas37-33pavm90033","url":null,"abstract":"A study was conducted in order to compare two types of artificial collectors (water-sensitive paper and photographic paper) using two software programs (Gotas-PC and CIR1.5) for the assessment of spray applications with two different nozzle types (XR11002VP and TXA8002VK). The evaluated parameters were DV0.5, droplet number density and efficiency, this was compared to the colometric determination with bright blue tracer. The trial was conducted inside a closed facility, under semi-controlled conditions, in absence of wind and on a uniform level ground. Droplet number density did not show significant differences between collectors using Gotas-PC, but differences were found with CIR1.5. For water-sensitive paper, efficiency is overestimated with CIR1.5 software but underestimated with Gotas-PC. However, both software programs underestimate with photographic paper according to the smaller imprints that result in lower values of DV0,5 and efficiency. In applications with smaller droplet population, efficiency is similar with both software programs. The CIR1.5 software is more sensitive for analyzing drops on both collector types and can distinguish a larger number of drops and smaller sizes. water-sensitive paper, photography paper, Kromecote, Gotas-PC.","PeriodicalId":42485,"journal":{"name":"Chilean Journal of Agricultural & Animal Sciences","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2021-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42594011","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-03-01DOI: 10.29393/hjaas37-28bsgm30028
G. Ruiz, Rosario Retamoso, M. B. Benítez Ahrendts
{"title":"Bacillus subtilis AISLADA DE CUTÍCULAS DE HORMIGAS QUE ANIDAN EN COLMENAS COMO ANTIFÚNGICO DE HONGOS PATÓGENOS DE ABEJAS","authors":"G. Ruiz, Rosario Retamoso, M. B. Benítez Ahrendts","doi":"10.29393/hjaas37-28bsgm30028","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.29393/hjaas37-28bsgm30028","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":42485,"journal":{"name":"Chilean Journal of Agricultural & Animal Sciences","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2021-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42354967","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-03-01DOI: 10.29393/chjaas37-25saja80025
J. P. Avilez, J. Nahed, Y. Mena, D. Grande, F. A. Ruiz, J. Camuñez, J. Meyer, J. Castel
Extensive livestock systems have decreased in the last decades. In general, these systems are characterized by low profitability, but they have a key role on environment conservation, maintenance of rural population, and health of meat and milk consumers. The present study was carried out in 2017 with 29 livestock farmers in the cold steppe area, Rio Ibáñez District (Comuna de Rio Ibánez), Aysén Region, Chile. The objective of this work was to compare the characteristics of extensive cattle and sheep farms of Southern Chile with a previous study conducted in 2012, assess their sustainability in 2017 and propose improvement actions. The variables studied were included in five attributes according to MESMIS methodology: Productivity, Stability, Adaptability, Equity and Self-management. There were few and circumstantial changes between 2012 and 2017. The global sustainability index was calculated (58%). The values of the five sustainability attributes were 54-64%. The results indicate that livestock farmers carry out valuable practices for sustainability, such as Cattle carry out short seasonal migration, Farmer vaccinates animals, Farmer desparasites animals, Does soil analyses and Farmer has done training courses. The suggested actions to improve sustainability are related to farm and farmer’s characteristics, including trading through farmers’ associations and off-farm activities. Collaborative work between livestock farmers and government institutions is required to implement the proposed actions. It is also important to raise consumers’ awareness of the importance of extensive production systems and the differentiated quality of their products.
在过去的几十年里，广泛的畜牧业系统已经减少。总的来说，这些系统的特点是盈利能力低，但它们在环境保护、农村人口维护以及肉类和牛奶消费者的健康方面发挥着关键作用。本研究于2017年对智利Aysén地区Rio Ibáñez区（Comuna de Rio Ibsánez）寒冷草原地区的29名畜牧业农民进行了研究。这项工作的目的是将智利南部大规模牛羊养殖场的特征与2012年进行的先前研究进行比较，评估其在2017年的可持续性，并提出改进行动。根据MESMIS方法，研究的变量包括五个属性：生产力、稳定性、适应性、公平性和自我管理。2012年至2017年期间，几乎没有变化。计算了全球可持续性指数（58%）。五个可持续性属性的值为54-64%。结果表明，畜牧业农民为可持续发展开展了有价值的实践，如牛进行短期季节性迁徙、农民为动物接种疫苗、农民对动物进行屠宰、进行土壤分析以及农民进行了培训课程。建议的提高可持续性的行动与农场和农民的特点有关，包括通过农民协会进行贸易和场外活动。畜牧业农民和政府机构之间需要开展合作，以实施拟议的行动。提高消费者对广泛的生产系统及其产品差异化质量的重要性的认识也很重要。
{"title":"SUSTAINABILITY ASSESSMENT OF EXTENSIVE CATTLE AND SHEEP PRODUCTION SYSTEMS IN SOUTHERN CHILE","authors":"J. P. Avilez, J. Nahed, Y. Mena, D. Grande, F. A. Ruiz, J. Camuñez, J. Meyer, J. Castel","doi":"10.29393/chjaas37-25saja80025","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.29393/chjaas37-25saja80025","url":null,"abstract":"Extensive livestock systems have decreased in the last decades. In general, these systems are characterized by low profitability, but they have a key role on environment conservation, maintenance of rural population, and health of meat and milk consumers. The present study was carried out in 2017 with 29 livestock farmers in the cold steppe area, Rio Ibáñez District (Comuna de Rio Ibánez), Aysén Region, Chile. The objective of this work was to compare the characteristics of extensive cattle and sheep farms of Southern Chile with a previous study conducted in 2012, assess their sustainability in 2017 and propose improvement actions. The variables studied were included in five attributes according to MESMIS methodology: Productivity, Stability, Adaptability, Equity and Self-management. There were few and circumstantial changes between 2012 and 2017. The global sustainability index was calculated (58%). The values of the five sustainability attributes were 54-64%. The results indicate that livestock farmers carry out valuable practices for sustainability, such as Cattle carry out short seasonal migration, Farmer vaccinates animals, Farmer desparasites animals, Does soil analyses and Farmer has done training courses. The suggested actions to improve sustainability are related to farm and farmer’s characteristics, including trading through farmers’ associations and off-farm activities. Collaborative work between livestock farmers and government institutions is required to implement the proposed actions. It is also important to raise consumers’ awareness of the importance of extensive production systems and the differentiated quality of their products.","PeriodicalId":42485,"journal":{"name":"Chilean Journal of Agricultural & Animal Sciences","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2021-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42609306","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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