Pub Date : 2019-12-01DOI: 10.4067/s0719-38902019005000501
Valeria Velasco, V. Vera, Fernando Bórquez, Pamela S. Williams, Manuel Faúndez, J. Alarcón-Enos
Swine production in Chile is mainly based on an intensive confinement production system (conventional system). However, in recent years, increasing interest for healthy food has resulted in the use of a natural production system, which is an attractive alternative consisting of an extensive system with access to grassland. The aim of this study was to determine the composition of pork meat produced in a natural system. The pH and proximal analysis of: pork loin (Longissimus dorsi) (n = 54) and pork leg pulp (n = 54) were determined. The profile of fatty acids in loin, leg pulp and Velasco, V. et al. Características de carne de cerdo natural
智利的养猪生产主要基于集约化禁闭生产系统(传统系统)。然而，近年来，对健康食品的兴趣日益增加，导致使用自然生产系统，这是一个有吸引力的替代方案，包括可进入草原的广泛系统。本研究的目的是确定在自然系统中生产的猪肉的成分。测定猪腰肉(n = 54)和猪腿肉(n = 54)的pH值和近端分析。腰肉、腿肉和贝拉斯科的脂肪酸分布，等。Características de carne de cerdo natural
{"title":"COMPOSICIÓN DE CARNE DE CERDO EN UN SISTEMA DE PRODUCCIÓN NATURAL","authors":"Valeria Velasco, V. Vera, Fernando Bórquez, Pamela S. Williams, Manuel Faúndez, J. Alarcón-Enos","doi":"10.4067/s0719-38902019005000501","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4067/s0719-38902019005000501","url":null,"abstract":"Swine production in Chile is mainly based on an intensive confinement production system (conventional system). However, in recent years, increasing interest for healthy food has resulted in the use of a natural production system, which is an attractive alternative consisting of an extensive system with access to grassland. The aim of this study was to determine the composition of pork meat produced in a natural system. The pH and proximal analysis of: pork loin (Longissimus dorsi) (n = 54) and pork leg pulp (n = 54) were determined. The profile of fatty acids in loin, leg pulp and Velasco, V. et al. Características de carne de cerdo natural","PeriodicalId":42485,"journal":{"name":"Chilean Journal of Agricultural & Animal Sciences","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2019-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43430878","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-12-01DOI: 10.4067/s0719-38902019005000505
V. Pino, Gonzalo Silva-Aguayo, Inés Figueroa-Cares, M. Gerding-González, P. Loyola, Gloria Sarahi Castañeda-Ramírez, Liliana Aguilar-Marcelino
The maize weevil, Sitophilus zeamais Motschulsky, is one of the most important pests of stored cereals worldwide. Currently, it is mainly controlled with the use of synthetic insecticides, with poor variation of action mechanisms. Natural compounds, particularly plant extracts, are an alternative to control this pest. The objective of this study was to evaluate, under laboratory conditions, the insecticidal/insectistatic effect of extracts with different polarity solvents of Pleurotus ostreatus Kumm against S. zeamais adult. The variables evaluated were contact and fumigant toxicity, repellency and antixenosis. A completely randomized experimental design was used. The highest toxicity was obtained by fumigation with ethyl acetate extract with a mortality of 100% at a concentration of 30 μL 0.15 L-1 air, and a CL50 of 18,3 μL at 0,15 L-1 air. Extracts in ethyl acetate and distilled water showed Chilean J. Agric. Anim. Sci., ex Agro-Ciencia (2019) 35(3): 294 293-303. repellent activity, while all extracts exhibited antixenosis effects. It can be concluded that P. ostreatus extract in ethyl acetate has fumigant, repellent and antixenotic activity against S. zeamais adult.
{"title":"EFICACIA IN VITRO DE EXTRACTOS DEL HONGO COMESTIBLE PLEUROTUS OSTREATUS KUMM PARA EL CONTROL DE SITOPHILUS ZEAMAIS MOTSCHULSKY","authors":"V. Pino, Gonzalo Silva-Aguayo, Inés Figueroa-Cares, M. Gerding-González, P. Loyola, Gloria Sarahi Castañeda-Ramírez, Liliana Aguilar-Marcelino","doi":"10.4067/s0719-38902019005000505","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4067/s0719-38902019005000505","url":null,"abstract":"The maize weevil, Sitophilus zeamais Motschulsky, is one of the most important pests of stored cereals worldwide. Currently, it is mainly controlled with the use of synthetic insecticides, with poor variation of action mechanisms. Natural compounds, particularly plant extracts, are an alternative to control this pest. The objective of this study was to evaluate, under laboratory conditions, the insecticidal/insectistatic effect of extracts with different polarity solvents of Pleurotus ostreatus Kumm against S. zeamais adult. The variables evaluated were contact and fumigant toxicity, repellency and antixenosis. A completely randomized experimental design was used. The highest toxicity was obtained by fumigation with ethyl acetate extract with a mortality of 100% at a concentration of 30 μL 0.15 L-1 air, and a CL50 of 18,3 μL at 0,15 L-1 air. Extracts in ethyl acetate and distilled water showed Chilean J. Agric. Anim. Sci., ex Agro-Ciencia (2019) 35(3): 294 293-303. repellent activity, while all extracts exhibited antixenosis effects. It can be concluded that P. ostreatus extract in ethyl acetate has fumigant, repellent and antixenotic activity against S. zeamais adult.","PeriodicalId":42485,"journal":{"name":"Chilean Journal of Agricultural & Animal Sciences","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2019-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45702711","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-12-01DOI: 10.4067/s0719-38902019005000405
Dídimo Efraín Vera Arteaga, G. García, G. Cedeño-García, Jessica Elizabeth Cargua Chávez, María Garay Lugo
{"title":"EFICIENCIA AGRONÓMICA DE NITRÓGENO Y PRODUCCIÓN DE Cynodon plectostachyus (K. Schum.) Pilg. EN FUNCIÓN DE DOS FRECUENCIAS DE CORTE","authors":"Dídimo Efraín Vera Arteaga, G. García, G. Cedeño-García, Jessica Elizabeth Cargua Chávez, María Garay Lugo","doi":"10.4067/s0719-38902019005000405","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4067/s0719-38902019005000405","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":42485,"journal":{"name":"Chilean Journal of Agricultural & Animal Sciences","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2019-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45111837","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-12-01DOI: 10.4067/s0719-38902019005000506
J. M. Torres-Rojo, Roberto Isaac Bahena-González
La información y el entendimiento de la dinámica del clima y su efecto en cultivos agrícolas han mejorado en años recientes. Este avance es resultado del desarrollo de modelos predictivos y estructurales más complejos. El objetivo del estudio fue demostrar empíricamente la existencia de una relación de “Ley de Poder” de la distribución de frecuencias de las superficies cultivadas con forrajes que son siniestradas anualmente. La invariabilidad de escala de la relación probada es usada para construir dos índices de riesgo. El primero es un indicador de siniestralidad y el segundo un indicador de la superficie máxima en riesgo de siniestro dada una probabilidad de ocurrencia. El análisis se realiza a nivel regional y nacional para los diferentes sistemas de producción (Primavera-Verano temporal, Primavera-Verano riego, Otoño-Invierno temporal y Otoño-Invierno riego). La prueba de la relación de Ley de Poder se realizó con el modelo Pareto y el ajuste de la distribución empírica se hizo a través de cuadrados mínimos no lineales. Los resultados muestran que las estimaciones del parámetro de escala de la “Ley de Poder” oscilan entre -1,42 y -1,70 para diferentes sistemas en diferentes unidades territoriales. Los estimadores son estadísticamente similares a los valores esperados y además cumplen con el principio de universalidad y la hipótesis de proporcionalidad de tamaño finito. Por ello, se concluye que la superficie siniestrada de cultivos forrajeros es un evento que sigue un comportamiento críticamente auto-organizado. De aquí que los índices de riesgo derivados de esta relación son índices de riesgo de largo plazo.
{"title":"ÍNDICES DE RIESGO PARA LA SUPERFICIE SINIESTRADA CULTIVADA CON FORRAJES","authors":"J. M. Torres-Rojo, Roberto Isaac Bahena-González","doi":"10.4067/s0719-38902019005000506","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4067/s0719-38902019005000506","url":null,"abstract":"La información y el entendimiento de la dinámica del clima y su efecto en cultivos agrícolas han mejorado en años recientes. Este avance es resultado del desarrollo de modelos predictivos y estructurales más complejos. El objetivo del estudio fue demostrar empíricamente la existencia de una relación de “Ley de Poder” de la distribución de frecuencias de las superficies cultivadas con forrajes que son siniestradas anualmente. La invariabilidad de escala de la relación probada es usada para construir dos índices de riesgo. El primero es un indicador de siniestralidad y el segundo un indicador de la superficie máxima en riesgo de siniestro dada una probabilidad de ocurrencia. El análisis se realiza a nivel regional y nacional para los diferentes sistemas de producción (Primavera-Verano temporal, Primavera-Verano riego, Otoño-Invierno temporal y Otoño-Invierno riego). La prueba de la relación de Ley de Poder se realizó con el modelo Pareto y el ajuste de la distribución empírica se hizo a través de cuadrados mínimos no lineales. Los resultados muestran que las estimaciones del parámetro de escala de la “Ley de Poder” oscilan entre -1,42 y -1,70 para diferentes sistemas en diferentes unidades territoriales. Los estimadores son estadísticamente similares a los valores esperados y además cumplen con el principio de universalidad y la hipótesis de proporcionalidad de tamaño finito. Por ello, se concluye que la superficie siniestrada de cultivos forrajeros es un evento que sigue un comportamiento críticamente auto-organizado. De aquí que los índices de riesgo derivados de esta relación son índices de riesgo de largo plazo.","PeriodicalId":42485,"journal":{"name":"Chilean Journal of Agricultural & Animal Sciences","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2019-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42787129","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-08-01DOI: 10.4067/s0719-38902019005000301
Facundo J. Marcos Valle, V. Moreno, L. Silvestro, C. Castellari, Alberto Diaz Delfino, Y. Andreoli, L. Picone
Fungi have a key role in organic matter decomposition, nutrient cycling and nutrient availability to plants. The objective of the present study was to evaluate the fungal community of soils with different uses using the PCR-DGGE technique. Soil samples (0-5 and 5-20 cm depth) were taken from continuous agriculture under no-till (AC), Acacia sp. forest (mA) and prairie (pN) in the pampean region of Argentina. The fungal community was analyzed using the molecular technique polymerase chain reaction (pCR) denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis (DGGE). The number of Chilean J. Agric. Anim. Sci., ex Agro-Ciencia (2019) 35(2): 164 163-172.
{"title":"DIVERSIDAD FÚNGICA EN SUELOS CON DIFERENTES USOS EN LA REGIÓN PAMPEANA ARGENTINA","authors":"Facundo J. Marcos Valle, V. Moreno, L. Silvestro, C. Castellari, Alberto Diaz Delfino, Y. Andreoli, L. Picone","doi":"10.4067/s0719-38902019005000301","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4067/s0719-38902019005000301","url":null,"abstract":"Fungi have a key role in organic matter decomposition, nutrient cycling and nutrient availability to plants. The objective of the present study was to evaluate the fungal community of soils with different uses using the PCR-DGGE technique. Soil samples (0-5 and 5-20 cm depth) were taken from continuous agriculture under no-till (AC), Acacia sp. forest (mA) and prairie (pN) in the pampean region of Argentina. The fungal community was analyzed using the molecular technique polymerase chain reaction (pCR) denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis (DGGE). The number of Chilean J. Agric. Anim. Sci., ex Agro-Ciencia (2019) 35(2): 164 163-172.","PeriodicalId":42485,"journal":{"name":"Chilean Journal of Agricultural & Animal Sciences","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2019-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45774233","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-08-01DOI: 10.4067/s0719-38902019005000307
M. Calvi, H. Urcola, Silvina M. Cabrini, M. Chavez
Livestock production is one of the main economic activities in Corrientes province, Argentina. Therefore, understanding its dynamics is essential to design and implement efficient development programs. The objective of this study was to quantify the structural, technological and production changes in livestock systems in Corrientes, during the period 2005-2015. In these years, data on Chilean J. Agric. Anim. Sci., ex Agro-Ciencia (2019) 35(2): 116 115-125. production area, animal stocks, number of workers, herd management and production parameters were collected from 29 farms. Average and farm-level transformations were characterized through test for mean differences, test of proportions and correlation analysis. Then, a multiple correspondence analysis was used to determine changes in components of variance. Finally, clusters were formed to characterize the diversity of farms existing at the end of the study period. On average, most variables showed slight changes. Nonetheless, substantial changes were detected on individual cases. Farms specialized in cattle tended to intensify their production, while those with lower number of workers tended to increase the amount of labor employed. The results also showed that larger farms improved feeding and reproductive management of the herd, which improved weaning percentages. At the end of the study period, two types of farms with distinct sizes and technologies were identified, but reproductive and productive performances were similar for both groups.
{"title":"CAMBIOS ESTRUCTURALES Y TECNOLÓGICOS DE LA GANADERÍA DEL CENTRO SUR DE CORRIENTES, ARGENTINA, EN EL PERÍODO 2005-2015","authors":"M. Calvi, H. Urcola, Silvina M. Cabrini, M. Chavez","doi":"10.4067/s0719-38902019005000307","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4067/s0719-38902019005000307","url":null,"abstract":"Livestock production is one of the main economic activities in Corrientes province, Argentina. Therefore, understanding its dynamics is essential to design and implement efficient development programs. The objective of this study was to quantify the structural, technological and production changes in livestock systems in Corrientes, during the period 2005-2015. In these years, data on Chilean J. Agric. Anim. Sci., ex Agro-Ciencia (2019) 35(2): 116 115-125. production area, animal stocks, number of workers, herd management and production parameters were collected from 29 farms. Average and farm-level transformations were characterized through test for mean differences, test of proportions and correlation analysis. Then, a multiple correspondence analysis was used to determine changes in components of variance. Finally, clusters were formed to characterize the diversity of farms existing at the end of the study period. On average, most variables showed slight changes. Nonetheless, substantial changes were detected on individual cases. Farms specialized in cattle tended to intensify their production, while those with lower number of workers tended to increase the amount of labor employed. The results also showed that larger farms improved feeding and reproductive management of the herd, which improved weaning percentages. At the end of the study period, two types of farms with distinct sizes and technologies were identified, but reproductive and productive performances were similar for both groups.","PeriodicalId":42485,"journal":{"name":"Chilean Journal of Agricultural & Animal Sciences","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2019-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42268394","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-08-01DOI: 10.4067/s0719-38902019005000304
R. Lara, B. Lazzarini, J. Baudracco
Dairy production in Argentina has been intensified, but dairy farms are facing problems to increase productivity. This work aimed to identify the major constraints on milk production in dairy farms of the North East region of Buenos Aires province, Argentina. A survey was conducted to collect production data from 29 dairy farms. The major constraints were: insufficient water provision (there is one water trough every 19 ha), and insufficient natural and artificial shade for cows (1.8 and 2.9 m2 cow-1, respectively); old dairy facilities (dating back 21 years) and lack of investment in milking equipment; long milking times (3.3 hours per milking); deficiencies in soil phosphorus (9.3 mg kg-1) and sulphates (11.7 mg kg-1); presence of nitrates in cattle drinking water and inadequate effluent storage and distribution. According to the correlation analysis performed, it can be inferred that dairy farms that increased land productivity by increasing herd size did not improve farm infraestructure to meet new requirements. Investment to cope with the problems detected might increase milk production and improve the sustainability and profitability of dairy farms.
{"title":"CARACTERIZACIÓN TECNICO-PRODUCTIVA DE FINCAS LECHERAS DEL NORESTE DE LA PROVINCIA DE BUENOS AIRES, ARGENTINA","authors":"R. Lara, B. Lazzarini, J. Baudracco","doi":"10.4067/s0719-38902019005000304","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4067/s0719-38902019005000304","url":null,"abstract":"Dairy production in Argentina has been intensified, but dairy farms are facing problems to increase productivity. This work aimed to identify the major constraints on milk production in dairy farms of the North East region of Buenos Aires province, Argentina. A survey was conducted to collect production data from 29 dairy farms. The major constraints were: insufficient water provision (there is one water trough every 19 ha), and insufficient natural and artificial shade for cows (1.8 and 2.9 m2 cow-1, respectively); old dairy facilities (dating back 21 years) and lack of investment in milking equipment; long milking times (3.3 hours per milking); deficiencies in soil phosphorus (9.3 mg kg-1) and sulphates (11.7 mg kg-1); presence of nitrates in cattle drinking water and inadequate effluent storage and distribution. According to the correlation analysis performed, it can be inferred that dairy farms that increased land productivity by increasing herd size did not improve farm infraestructure to meet new requirements. Investment to cope with the problems detected might increase milk production and improve the sustainability and profitability of dairy farms.","PeriodicalId":42485,"journal":{"name":"Chilean Journal of Agricultural & Animal Sciences","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2019-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44561844","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-08-01DOI: 10.4067/s0719-38902019005000308
Edwin Andrés Villagrán Mimar, Carlos Ricardo Bojacá Aldana
In Colombia, roses (Rosa sp.) are mostly cultivated in naturally ventilated greenhouses. The objective of this work was to develop a characterization of the microclimate generated inside a greenhouse through the numerical modelling of air flows by using the CFD (Computational Fluids Dynamics) software of finite volumes. The CFD-3D model used was validated through experimental data collection and the results obtained from the comparison of experimental and simulated data, which showed a suitable degree of adjustment and the same tendency for the variables of temperature and relative humidity. The results obtained show that, for daytime conditions, the microclimate generated is in optimal ranges for the production of rose. For night-time climate conditions, presence of thermal inversion phenomenon in the indoor air of the greenhouse was observed, which generates suboptimal conditions for the growth and development of plants.
{"title":"SIMULACION DEL MICROCLIMA EN UN INVERNADERO USADO PARA LA PRODUCCIÓN DE ROSAS BAJO CONDICIONES DE CLIMA INTERTROPICAL","authors":"Edwin Andrés Villagrán Mimar, Carlos Ricardo Bojacá Aldana","doi":"10.4067/s0719-38902019005000308","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4067/s0719-38902019005000308","url":null,"abstract":"In Colombia, roses (Rosa sp.) are mostly cultivated in naturally ventilated greenhouses. The \u0000objective of this work was to develop a characterization of the microclimate generated inside a \u0000greenhouse through the numerical modelling of air flows by using the CFD (Computational Fluids \u0000Dynamics) software of finite volumes. The CFD-3D model used was validated through experimental \u0000data collection and the results obtained from the comparison of experimental and simulated data, \u0000which showed a suitable degree of adjustment and the same tendency for the variables of temperature \u0000and relative humidity. The results obtained show that, for daytime conditions, the microclimate \u0000generated is in optimal ranges for the production of rose. For night-time climate conditions, presence \u0000of thermal inversion phenomenon in the indoor air of the greenhouse was observed, which generates \u0000suboptimal conditions for the growth and development of plants.","PeriodicalId":42485,"journal":{"name":"Chilean Journal of Agricultural & Animal Sciences","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2019-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49068917","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-08-01DOI: 10.4067/s0719-38902019005000302
C. Jobet, J. Zúñiga, Dalma Castillo, I. Matus, C. Alfaro, J. García
Emperador INIA is a winter triticale (× Triticosecale Wittmack) variety introduced from Nordsaat Saatzucht GmbH of Germany by the National Wheat Breeding Program at INIA Carillanca, Chile. It has a postrate growth habit during the tiller stage, and its leaves are of pale green color. The vegetative period from sowing to flowering sown in May, is approximately 180 days. It has moderate susceptibility to stripe rust (Puccinia striiformis West. f. sp. tritici Erikss.), resistance to leaf rust (Puccinia triticina. f. sp tritici Erikss. y Henn), and powdery mildew (Blumeria graminis D.C. f.sp. tritici Marchal), and moderate resistance to septoria (Mycosphaerella graminicola (Fuckel) Sand). The average plant height is 115 cm, with a stem of very good resistance to lodging. The spike is red, compact and with awns along its full length. The grain shape is elongated with a red pale color. It has high yield, higher than the best check in comparative yield trials, and good quality characteristics for animal feed.
{"title":"EMPERADOR INIA: NUEVA VARIEDAD DE TRITICALE (x Triticosecale Wittmack) DE INVIERNO PARA EL SUR DE CHILE","authors":"C. Jobet, J. Zúñiga, Dalma Castillo, I. Matus, C. Alfaro, J. García","doi":"10.4067/s0719-38902019005000302","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4067/s0719-38902019005000302","url":null,"abstract":"Emperador INIA is a winter triticale (× Triticosecale Wittmack) variety introduced from Nordsaat Saatzucht GmbH of Germany by the National Wheat Breeding Program at INIA Carillanca, Chile. It has a postrate growth habit during the tiller stage, and its leaves are of pale green color. The vegetative period from sowing to flowering sown in May, is approximately 180 days. It has moderate susceptibility to stripe rust (Puccinia striiformis West. f. sp. tritici Erikss.), resistance to leaf rust (Puccinia triticina. f. sp tritici Erikss. y Henn), and powdery mildew (Blumeria graminis D.C. f.sp. tritici Marchal), and moderate resistance to septoria (Mycosphaerella graminicola (Fuckel) Sand). The average plant height is 115 cm, with a stem of very good resistance to lodging. The spike is red, compact and with awns along its full length. The grain shape is elongated with a red pale color. It has high yield, higher than the best check in comparative yield trials, and good quality characteristics for animal feed.","PeriodicalId":42485,"journal":{"name":"Chilean Journal of Agricultural & Animal Sciences","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2019-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.4067/s0719-38902019005000302","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46470878","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-08-01DOI: 10.4067/s0719-38902019005000306
Nicole Undurraga, Jaime E. Araya, F. Zuazúa, M. Alonso
Giant reed, Arundo donax (L.), is known for its potential as a bioenergy crop. To evaluate the effect of the aphid Melanaphis donacis (Passerini) on plants growing in the Metropolitan Region of Chile, three treatments with six plots each were compared: imidacloprid, the agricultural detergent TS2035, and an untreated control. Aphid density levels in the untreated control plants averaged 136.27 aphids leaf-1 along the growing season, while TS2035 and imidacloprid averaged 8.26 and 0.98 aphids leaf1, respectively. The greatest yield of A. donax (95.1 t dry matter (DM) ha-1) was obtained with the TS2035 detergent, followed by imidacloprid and the untreated control, with values of 88.8 and 84.1 t DM ha-1, respectively. However, there were no significant differences (p ≤ 0.05) in DM yields of A. donax between treatments. Thus, control of M. donacis with insecticides would be unnecessary in bioenergy crops of A. donax in this region.
巨型芦苇以其作为生物能源作物的潜力而闻名。为了评估黑腹蚜（Passerini）对智利大都会区植物生长的影响，对三种处理方法（每种处理6块地）进行了比较：吡虫啉、农业洗涤剂TS2035和未经处理的对照。未处理对照植物的蚜虫密度水平在生长季节平均为136.27个蚜虫叶1，而TS2035和吡虫啉的平均蚜虫叶1分别为8.26和0.98。使用TS2035洗涤剂获得了最大的A.donax产量（95.1 t干物质（DM）ha-1），其次是吡虫啉和未处理的对照，其值分别为88.8和84.1 t DM ha-1。然而，不同处理之间的A.donax的DM产量没有显著差异（p≤0.05）。因此，在该地区的A.donax生物能源作物中，用杀虫剂控制M.donacis是不必要的。
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