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Third War of Independence? The Anti-Colonial Dynamics of Ukraine’s Politics of Memory after 2014 on the Example of the National Museum of the History of Ukraine in the Second World War in Kyiv 第三次独立战争?2014年后乌克兰记忆政治的反殖民动力--以基辅的第二次世界大战乌克兰国家历史博物馆为例
IF 0.1 3区 历史学 Q3 Arts and Humanities Pub Date : 2024-02-07 DOI: 10.12775/aph.2023.128.07
Tomasz Stryjek, Barbara Markowska-Marczak, Joanna Konieczna-Sałamatin
The article discusses the transformation of Ukraine from a peripheral colony to a European nation-state. It examines changes in the interpretation of UkrainianRussian relations in historiography, public perceptions, and museum exhibitions related to the ongoing war. It demonstrates that since 24 February 2022, Ukraine’s politics of memory has exclusively followed a continuously expanding anti-colonial perspective. The article highlights a shift in Ukrainian society’s view of its past, with growing interest in the country’s history and a move away from the Soviet perspective. Museums are crucial in shaping these narrative changes and fostering Ukrainian national identity. The article also explores societal transformations since 1991, showing an increased identification with the state and a gradual distancing from Russia. This is accompanied by a westward turn in geopolitical orientation and a desire to join the European Union. The National Museum of History of Ukraine in the Second World War in Kyiv serves as an example of these processes, reflecting a nuanced portrayal of the war and of its human dimension. The museum’s commitment can be seen as a pillar of a nation-state building project, with symbolic identification shifting from the East to the West, towards the EU and NATO.
文章讨论了乌克兰从边缘殖民地向欧洲民族国家的转变。文章研究了历史学、公众认知和博物馆展览中对乌克兰与俄罗斯关系的解释的变化,这些都与正在进行的战争有关。文章表明,自 2022 年 2 月 24 日以来,乌克兰的记忆政治完全遵循不断扩大的反殖民视角。文章强调了乌克兰社会对其过去的看法发生了转变,对国家历史的兴趣与日俱增,并摆脱了苏联视角。博物馆在塑造这些叙事变化和促进乌克兰民族认同方面至关重要。文章还探讨了自 1991 年以来的社会变革,表明人们对国家的认同感增强,与俄罗斯的关系逐渐疏远。与此同时,乌克兰的地缘政治取向转向西方,并希望加入欧盟。位于基辅的第二次世界大战乌克兰历史国家博物馆就是这些进程的一个范例,它反映了对战争及其人性层面的细致入微的描绘。博物馆的承诺可被视为民族国家建设项目的支柱,其象征性认同从东方转向西方,转向欧盟和北约。
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引用次数: 0
Third War of Independence? The Anti-Colonial Dynamics of Ukraine’s Politics of Memory after 2014 on the Example of the National Museum of the History of Ukraine in the Second World War in Kyiv 第三次独立战争?2014年后乌克兰记忆政治的反殖民动力--以基辅的第二次世界大战乌克兰国家历史博物馆为例
IF 0.1 3区 历史学 Q3 Arts and Humanities Pub Date : 2024-02-07 DOI: 10.12775/aph.2023.128.07
Tomasz Stryjek, Barbara Markowska-Marczak, Joanna Konieczna-Sałamatin
The article discusses the transformation of Ukraine from a peripheral colony to a European nation-state. It examines changes in the interpretation of UkrainianRussian relations in historiography, public perceptions, and museum exhibitions related to the ongoing war. It demonstrates that since 24 February 2022, Ukraine’s politics of memory has exclusively followed a continuously expanding anti-colonial perspective. The article highlights a shift in Ukrainian society’s view of its past, with growing interest in the country’s history and a move away from the Soviet perspective. Museums are crucial in shaping these narrative changes and fostering Ukrainian national identity. The article also explores societal transformations since 1991, showing an increased identification with the state and a gradual distancing from Russia. This is accompanied by a westward turn in geopolitical orientation and a desire to join the European Union. The National Museum of History of Ukraine in the Second World War in Kyiv serves as an example of these processes, reflecting a nuanced portrayal of the war and of its human dimension. The museum’s commitment can be seen as a pillar of a nation-state building project, with symbolic identification shifting from the East to the West, towards the EU and NATO.
文章讨论了乌克兰从边缘殖民地向欧洲民族国家的转变。文章研究了历史学、公众认知和博物馆展览中对乌克兰与俄罗斯关系的解释的变化,这些都与正在进行的战争有关。文章表明,自 2022 年 2 月 24 日以来,乌克兰的记忆政治完全遵循不断扩大的反殖民视角。文章强调了乌克兰社会对其过去的看法发生了转变,对国家历史的兴趣与日俱增,并摆脱了苏联视角。博物馆在塑造这些叙事变化和促进乌克兰民族认同方面至关重要。文章还探讨了自 1991 年以来的社会变革,表明人们对国家的认同感增强,与俄罗斯的关系逐渐疏远。与此同时,乌克兰的地缘政治取向转向西方,并希望加入欧盟。位于基辅的第二次世界大战乌克兰历史国家博物馆就是这些进程的一个范例,它反映了对战争及其人性层面的细致入微的描绘。博物馆的承诺可被视为民族国家建设项目的支柱,其象征性认同从东方转向西方,转向欧盟和北约。
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引用次数: 0
When the Mnemonic Actors Become Storytellers. The Lore of the ‘Recovery’ in 1970s Poland 当记忆演员成为故事讲述者。20 世纪 70 年代波兰的 "复兴 "传说
IF 0.1 3区 历史学 Q3 Arts and Humanities Pub Date : 2024-02-07 DOI: 10.12775/aph.2023.128.08
Karolina Ćwiek-Rogalska
The article examines the memoirs of Polish soldiers who settled in the lands that Poland acquired after the Second World War, the so-called Recovered Territories. The author argues that these memoirs reflect different forms of conveying the stories about the ‘recovery’, i.e. the acquisition of the formerly German lands by the Polish state in 1945. Depending on the historical and political context, as well as the personal and collective experiences of the settlers, she identifies its two main forms: myth and lore. The myth involves stories that are considered authoritative and obligatory, while lore is a type of storytelling that involves stories that are considered flexible and optional by the people who tell or listen to them. She further analyses how the myth of the ‘recovery’ subsequently transformed over time into lore from the immediate post-war period up to the 1970s.
文章研究了在第二次世界大战后波兰获得的土地(即所谓的 "收复领土")上定居的波兰士兵的回忆录。作者认为,这些回忆录反映了不同形式的 "收复 "故事,即 1945 年波兰国家获得前德国土地的故事。根据历史和政治背景以及定居者的个人和集体经历,她确定了两种主要形式:神话和传说。神话中的故事被认为具有权威性和强制性,而传说则是一种讲故事的类型,其中的故事被讲述或聆听故事的人认为具有灵活性和可选择性。她进一步分析了 "复兴 "神话是如何随着时间的推移,从战后不久到 20 世纪 70 年代转变为传说的。
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引用次数: 0
‘Coat Thieves’ and Bandits? Belarusian Counter-Memory of the ‘Cursed Soldiers’ 偷衣贼 "和强盗?白俄罗斯对 "被诅咒的士兵 "的反记忆
IF 0.1 3区 历史学 Q3 Arts and Humanities Pub Date : 2024-02-07 DOI: 10.12775/aph.2023.128.03
Paweł Dobrosielski, K. Jaskułowski, P. Majewski
In the article, we analyse attitudes of representatives of the Belarusian minority in Poland towards the armed anti-communist underground operating in the Podlasie region after 1944 (the so-called ‘cursed soldiers’). Drawing on semi-structured interviews with various Belarusian actors, as well as on observations made during field research in the Podlasie region in June 2021, we are able to illustrate a clash between official commemorative practices and the local and communicative memory of the Belarusians. We analyse the role played by the collective memory of the underground among the Belarusian minority in Podlasie against the backdrop of the hegemonic politics of memory that glorifies the ‘cursed soldiers’ as national heroes. The analysis of counter-hegemonic memory accounts and their relation to dominant narratives uncovers the emotions generated by the hegemonic politics of memory among representatives of the Belarusian minority, who generally regard it as depreciating their experience and evoking a sense of endangerment. We show that Belarusian memory is perceived as incompatible with the ideological assumptions of the hegemonic Polish memory; therefore, we want to give voice to the marginalised representatives of the Belarusian minority. However, the Belarusian minority should not be perceived as a homogenous group – our analysis points to the fact that various actors various actors negotiate the hegemonic politics of memory in various ways when faced with the pressure of assimilation.
在文章中,我们分析了波兰的白俄罗斯少数民族代表对 1944 年后在波德拉谢地区活动的反共地下武装(所谓的 "被诅咒的士兵")的态度。通过对不同的白俄罗斯参与者进行半结构化访谈,以及 2021 年 6 月在波德拉谢地区进行实地研究时的观察,我们能够说明官方纪念活动与白俄罗斯人的地方和交流记忆之间的冲突。在将 "被诅咒的士兵 "美化为民族英雄的霸权记忆政治背景下,我们分析了波德拉谢地区白俄罗斯少数民族的地下集体记忆所发挥的作用。对反霸权记忆叙述及其与主流叙述的关系的分析揭示了霸权记忆政治在白俄罗斯少数民族代表中产生的情绪,他们普遍认为霸权记忆政治贬低了他们的经历,并唤起了一种危险感。我们表明,白俄罗斯记忆被视为与波兰霸权记忆的意识形态假设不相容;因此,我们希望让白俄罗斯少数民族的边缘化代表发出声音。然而,白俄罗斯少数民族不应被视为一个同质群体--我们的分析表明,面对同化的压力,不同的参与者以不同的方式与记忆霸权政治进行谈判。
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引用次数: 0
Women in the Contemporary Polish Streetscape. Memory Wars 当代波兰街景中的女性。记忆战争
IF 0.1 3区 历史学 Q3 Arts and Humanities Pub Date : 2024-02-07 DOI: 10.12775/aph.2023.128.09
Justyna B. Walkowiak, Małgorzata Rutkiewicz-Hanczewska
As diversity, equity and inclusion policies gain momentum in the Global North, the strikingly low visibility of women in Polish public space is being addressed not only via bottom-to-top activism but also through initiatives by local governments. This, in turn, results in controversies over the very need for gender equality in urban naming, as well as over the commemoration-worthiness of particular personages. The present paper aims to assess the changes that have taken place in Poland since the beginning of 2018, when an analysis of the 12 biggest cities revealed a persistent under-representation of women as namesakes in street naming. We offer a quantitative analysis and then focus on four selected case studies, each exemplifying one type of situation: open conflict, covert tactics, and two combinations of surface vs core values relationship.
随着多样性、公平和包容政策在全球北方地区获得发展,波兰公共空间中女性能见度极低的问题不仅通过自下而上的行动主义,也通过地方政府的倡议得到解决。这反过来又导致了对城市命名中性别平等必要性的争议,以及对特定人物纪念价值的争议。本文旨在评估波兰自 2018 年初以来发生的变化,当时对 12 个最大城市的分析表明,在街道命名中,女性作为命名人的比例持续偏低。我们提供了一份定量分析,然后重点关注四个选定的案例研究,每个案例都体现了一种类型的情况:公开冲突、隐蔽策略以及表面与核心价值关系的两种组合。
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引用次数: 0
The Polish Catholic Church and the Public Memory of the Shoah: Between Mnemonic Backlash and Settling Accounts with the Past 波兰天主教会与公众对纳粹浩劫的记忆:在记忆反弹与清算过去之间
IF 0.1 3区 历史学 Q3 Arts and Humanities Pub Date : 2024-02-07 DOI: 10.12775/aph.2023.128.04
Magdalena Nowicka-Franczak
The paper discusses the Polish Catholic Church’s ambiguous contribution to the public debate on settling accounts with the Polish-Jewish wartime past. The Church is an actor of right-wing historical politics, which casts Poles in the role of the primary victims of the war but is reluctant to speak out on the Shoah. The growing scholarly interest in the dark chapters in the history of Catholic-Jewish relations, which brings to light the Church’s institutional and symbolic responsibility for its attitude towards the persecuted Jewish community, has not translated directly into greater visibility of the issue in the mainstream media. However, the Church’s ceremonial indifference towards the memory of the Shoah is not resistant to changes in the historiography of the Shoah. The Church’s stance in the debate on the memory of the Shoah insufficiently recognises its position about the Jewish tragedy. On the other hand, it includes the actions undertaken by Father Wojciech Lemański and Bishop Rafał Markowski to commemorate the Jewish victims. The recognition of this cleavage aligns with sociological analyses of axiological divisions in Polish society.
本文讨论了波兰天主教会在关于波兰犹太人战时历史清算问题的公开辩论中模棱两可的贡献。教会是右翼历史政治的参与者,它将波兰人塑造成战争的主要受害者,但却不愿就纳粹浩劫发表意见。学者们对天主教与犹太教关系史上黑暗篇章的兴趣日益浓厚,这揭示了教会在对待受迫害犹太社区的态度上所应承担的制度性和象征性责任,但这并没有直接转化为主流媒体对这一问题的更大关注。然而,教会在仪式上对纳粹浩劫记忆的漠视并没有抵制纳粹浩劫史学的变革。教会在有关纳粹浩劫记忆的辩论中的立场没有充分认识到其对犹太悲剧的立场。另一方面,它也包括沃伊切赫-莱曼斯基神父和拉法乌-马尔科夫斯基主教为纪念犹太死难者而采取的行动。对这种分裂的认识与社会学对波兰社会公理分裂的分析是一致的。
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引用次数: 0
Jewish Autobiographical Writing. Memoirs of Moses Vasertsug (c. 1760–1832) 犹太自传体写作。摩西-瓦瑟楚格(约 1760-1832 年)回忆录
IF 0.1 3区 历史学 Q3 Arts and Humanities Pub Date : 2024-02-07 DOI: 10.12775/aph.2023.128.11
A. Michałowska-Mycielska
The article discusses the memoirs of Moses Vasertsug (c. 1760–1832) – an extremely interesting historical source, brilliantly demonstrating processes and phenomena in Jewish society at the turn of the eighteenth and nineteenth centuries. Vasertsug received a traditional religious education and performed related functions in Jewish communities, first in Pomerania (Karlino, Gryfino), and later in Greater Poland (Kórnik) and Mazovia (Płock). He continued to do so in the post-partition period, but the functions he performed took on a new, quasi-official character. The memoirs show the transformation of the previous occupations performed by the Jews, as well as the new opportunities for settlement and economic activity that opened up for them during the post-partition period. The memoirs also show that Jewish autobiographical writing is not necessarily the result of acculturation and departure from Jewish tradition.
文章讨论了摩西-瓦瑟楚格(Moses Vasertsug,约 1760-1832 年)的回忆录--这是一个极其有趣的历史资料,精彩地展示了十八和十九世纪之交犹太社会的进程和现象。Vasertsug 接受了传统的宗教教育,并在犹太社区履行相关职能,先是在波美拉尼亚(Karlino、Gryfino),后来在大波兰(Kórnik)和马佐维亚(Płock)。在分裂后的时期,他继续从事这项工作,但他所履行的职能具有了新的半官方性质。回忆录显示了犹太人以前所从事职业的转变,以及在分治后时期为他们提供的定居和经济活动的新机会。回忆录还表明,犹太人的自传写作并不一定是文化适应和背离犹太传统的结果。
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引用次数: 0
Mnemonic Wars in Poland: An Introduction to New Research Directions 波兰的记忆战争:新研究方向简介
IF 0.1 3区 历史学 Q3 Arts and Humanities Pub Date : 2024-02-07 DOI: 10.12775/aph.2023.128.01
Z. Wóycicka, Joanna Wawrzyniak, M. Saryusz-Wolska
Mnemonic Wars in Poland
波兰的记忆战争
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引用次数: 0
In Search of Female Agency: Latest Trends in Polish Research into Women’s History in Polish Lands in the Nineteenth and Twentieth Centuries 寻找女性代理:十九世纪和二十世纪波兰妇女历史研究的最新趋势
IF 0.1 3区 历史学 Q3 Arts and Humanities Pub Date : 2024-02-07 DOI: 10.12775/aph.2023.128.12
Katarzyna Sierakowska
The article discusses the latest trends in research on women’s history in Poland. Attention is drawn to the increasing number of biographies, and an attempt is made to answer the question of whether and in what direction this type of writing is changing our perception of women’s roles in Polish history. The article discusses the autobiographical literature written by women, whose publications reflect a growing interest in individual history and are a response to the demand to give a voice to previously unheard groups. It raises questions about the role of memoirs in describing past societies and gender order. The role of oral history methods in gaining insight into the past of women and society is also discussed.
文章讨论了波兰妇女历史研究的最新趋势。文章提请注意传记数量的不断增加,并试图回答这样一个问题:这种类型的写作是否正在改变我们对妇女在波兰历史中的作用的认识,以及这种改变的方向是什么。文章讨论了妇女撰写的自传体文学作品,这些作品的出版反映了人们对个人历史日益增长的兴趣,也是对让以前未曾倾听的群体发出声音这一要求的回应。文章提出了回忆录在描述过去社会和性别秩序方面的作用问题。还讨论了口述历史方法在深入了解妇女和社会过去方面的作用。
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引用次数: 0
“An Unexpectedly Transgressive Subject of Twentieth-Century History”: How to Write (and Why to Read) about Communist Women Today "二十世纪历史上意想不到的越轨主题":如何撰写(以及为何阅读)当今的共产主义女性
IF 0.1 3区 历史学 Q3 Arts and Humanities Pub Date : 2024-02-07 DOI: 10.12775/aph.2023.128.13
Agnieszka Mrozik
This review article discusses two newly-released publications on communist women activists: Kristen Ghodsee’s Red Valkyries: Feminist Lessons from Five Revolutionary Women and The Palgrave Handbook of Communist Women Activists around the World, edited by Francisca de Haan. It focuses on questions of narrative and the persuasive function of the reviewed works, asking how and for whom one should write about communist women today. It brings to light methodological challenges, as well as those related to access to sources on communist women. It also reflects on the place that publications which tell stories of communist women who challenged gender, class, and racial inequalities in the past occupy in the perception of contemporary readers, so often confronted in these times with experiences of inequality and violence.
这篇评论文章讨论了两本新近出版的有关共产主义女活动家的出版物:Kristen Ghodsee 的《红色女武神》:以及弗朗西斯卡-德-哈恩(Francisca de Haan)编辑的《帕尔格雷夫全球共产主义女活动家手册》。它侧重于叙事问题和所评论作品的说服功能,询问人们应该如何以及为谁撰写有关当今共产主义妇女的文章。它揭示了方法上的挑战,以及与获取共产主义妇女资料有关的挑战。它还反思了讲述过去共产主义妇女挑战性别、阶级和种族不平等的故事的出版物在当代读者心目中的地位,在这个时代,读者往往面临着不平等和暴力的经历。
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引用次数: 0
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ACTA POLONIAE HISTORICA
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