{"title":"Księgozbiór kanonika Jerzego W. Budaeusa a Lohr z 1653 roku","authors":"W. Urban","doi":"10.31743/abmk.7424","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31743/abmk.7424","url":null,"abstract":"<jats:p>-</jats:p>","PeriodicalId":42490,"journal":{"name":"ACTA POLONIAE HISTORICA","volume":"51 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.1,"publicationDate":"2020-03-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49528522","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-02-01DOI: 10.12775/aph.2019.120.04
Agnieszka Zabłocka-Kos
This article seeks to interpret the dispute between Christian and Jewish merchants that took place in Breslau (today, Wroclaw in Poland) in the first half of the nineteenth century. The dispute arose in the eighteenth century and severely deepened after the reforms designed by Heinrich Friedrich Karl vom und zum Stein and Karl August von Hardenberg were being introduced in Prussia since 1807. Among other aspects, the conflict revolved around the rapid development of the local Jewish religious community and the fast expansion of its steam-gathering economic elite. The development of Silesian trade, with an enormous role of Jews in it, was accompanied by continuous attempts at regaining the Eastern markets, partly lost after Prussia annexed Silesia in 1740 as well as resulting from the decisions of the 1815 Vienna Congress. In order to restore Breslau as an intermediary in trade between the West and the East and make it an important stock-exchange hub, collective action was a must. However, conflicts between merchants of different religions, including keeping the Jewish merchants off the local exchange, obstructed the design. The dispute was partly averted when a Chamber of Commerce was set up in Breslau in 1849. However, only the gradual quitting by the Christian merchants, members of the merchant corporation, of their privileged position in the organisation of local trade gave way to a compromise. The construction in 1864–7 of a common ‘exchange’ can be perceived as epitomising the completion of a centuries-long dispute. The monumental edifice, the largest and the showiest of all exchange buildings east of Berlin at the time, testified to high aspirations of Breslavian economic circles and their keen willingness to develop trading business far beyond the then-frontier of the state.
{"title":"The ‘Merchant Schism’ in Breslau: A Chris- tian-Jewish Conflict and the Construction of the Exchange Building in the First Half of the Nineteenth Century","authors":"Agnieszka Zabłocka-Kos","doi":"10.12775/aph.2019.120.04","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.12775/aph.2019.120.04","url":null,"abstract":"This article seeks to interpret the dispute between Christian and Jewish merchants that took place in Breslau (today, Wroclaw in Poland) in the first half of the nineteenth century. The dispute arose in the eighteenth century and severely deepened after the reforms designed by Heinrich Friedrich Karl vom und zum Stein and Karl August von Hardenberg were being introduced in Prussia since 1807. Among other aspects, the conflict revolved around the rapid development of the local Jewish religious community and the fast expansion of its steam-gathering economic elite. The development of Silesian trade, with an enormous role of Jews in it, was accompanied by continuous attempts at regaining the Eastern markets, partly lost after Prussia annexed Silesia in 1740 as well as resulting from the decisions of the 1815 Vienna Congress. In order to restore Breslau as an intermediary in trade between the West and the East and make it an important stock-exchange hub, collective action was a must. However, conflicts between merchants of different religions, including keeping the Jewish merchants off the local exchange, obstructed the design. The dispute was partly averted when a Chamber of Commerce was set up in Breslau in 1849. However, only the gradual quitting by the Christian merchants, members of the merchant corporation, of their privileged position in the organisation of local trade gave way to a compromise. The construction in 1864–7 of a common ‘exchange’ can be perceived as epitomising the completion of a centuries-long dispute. The monumental edifice, the largest and the showiest of all exchange buildings east of Berlin at the time, testified to high aspirations of Breslavian economic circles and their keen willingness to develop trading business far beyond the then-frontier of the state.","PeriodicalId":42490,"journal":{"name":"ACTA POLONIAE HISTORICA","volume":"120 1","pages":"79-112"},"PeriodicalIF":0.1,"publicationDate":"2020-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43831567","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-02-01DOI: 10.12775/aph.2019.120.02
Małgorzata Dowlaszewicz
Karel (Charlemagne), Elegast, and Eggeric are the three main protagonists of the medieval Dutch epos Karel ende Elegast . Each of them is a knight, but represents different characteristics. The Monarch, the Outlaw, and the Traitor share some chivalric values but present contrasts in their behaviour. This article examines these three characters and their relationships to chivalry. It focuses on the image of chivalry in the epos, and not on the historical aspects of knighthood. As it is one of the first publications in Poland on Middle Dutch texts, it also outlines the chivalric literature in the medieval Low Countries.
{"title":"Knights in the Middle Dutch Epos ‘Karel Ende Elegast’","authors":"Małgorzata Dowlaszewicz","doi":"10.12775/aph.2019.120.02","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.12775/aph.2019.120.02","url":null,"abstract":"Karel (Charlemagne), Elegast, and Eggeric are the three main protagonists of the medieval Dutch epos Karel ende Elegast . Each of them is a knight, but represents different characteristics. The Monarch, the Outlaw, and the Traitor share some chivalric values but present contrasts in their behaviour. This article examines these three characters and their relationships to chivalry. It focuses on the image of chivalry in the epos, and not on the historical aspects of knighthood. As it is one of the first publications in Poland on Middle Dutch texts, it also outlines the chivalric literature in the medieval Low Countries.","PeriodicalId":42490,"journal":{"name":"ACTA POLONIAE HISTORICA","volume":"120 1","pages":"27-43"},"PeriodicalIF":0.1,"publicationDate":"2020-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45792227","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-02-01DOI: 10.12775/aph.2019.120.07
P. Filipkowski
This essay is inspired by a close reading of the recently published volume Żolnierze ludowego Wojska Polskiego. Historie mowione (Soldiers of the Polish people’s Army. Oral histories) by Jaroslaw Palka and Kaja Kaźmierska (Łodź, 2018) and continuously refers to it. Rather than a standard book review, it is a critical essay which positions this publication, and the documentation project standing behind it, in the context of Polish oral history research field. The latter has been expanding dynamically in recent years, gaining more and more recognition also among academic historians. One of its essential characteristics, to which this volume attests, is its methodological anchoring in biographical sociology. This field of research has a long academic tradition in Poland (though its current versions tend to adopt ‘Western’ ideas and research patterns) and offers scientific credibility to, still often insecure, oral history research. The text claims that scientific legitimisation of this kind does not necessarily lead to a convincing interpretation. The method, no matter how neutrally it may be presented, is not free from the authors’ value judgements and non-source-based historical knowledge (and imagination). The text, therefore, suggests a reading of the book – which is vastly a selection of edited, historically footnoted and narratively ordered oral history sources (biographical narrative interviews with the title soldiers) – that partly goes against the authors’ interpretations. Altogether, it makes up an exercise in (oral) historical hermeneutics.
这篇文章的灵感来自于最近出版的Żolnierze ludowego Wojska Polskiego。历史电影(波兰人民军队的士兵。Jaroslaw Palka和Kaja的《口述历史》Kaźmierska (Łodź， 2018)，并不断引用它。它不是一篇标准的书评，而是一篇批评性的文章，将这本出版物及其背后的文献项目置于波兰口述历史研究领域的背景下。后者近年来发展迅速，在学术史学界也得到越来越多的认可。它的基本特征之一，这卷证明，是它的方法锚定在传记社会学。这一研究领域在波兰有着悠久的学术传统(尽管其目前的版本倾向于采用“西方”的思想和研究模式)，并为口述历史研究提供了科学的可信度，尽管口述历史研究通常仍然不安全。文章声称，这种科学的合法化并不一定会导致令人信服的解释。这种方法无论表现得多么中立，都不能摆脱作者的价值判断和非基于资料的历史知识(和想象)。因此，这段文字暗示了对这本书的阅读——这本书是大量经过编辑的、有历史注脚的、按叙述顺序排列的口述历史资料(对标题士兵的传记叙事采访)——在一定程度上违背了作者的解释。总之，它构成了一个(口述)历史解释学的练习。
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Pub Date : 2020-02-01DOI: 10.12775/aph.2019.120.05
D. Jarosz
The article argues that two primary roles were prevalently identified for dogs in the period concerned: for one thing, dogs were perceived as objects of human malevolence or at least dislike; this had to do with the dissemination of disease – particularly, rabies, dangerous to humans. For another, the dog was represented as a victim of cruelty. The exchange of arguments between adherents of different solutions to the ‘canine question’ (dog-pounds and culling vs. shelters) grew emotion-imbued, especially in the late 1950s and early 1960s. The press published voices of protest against mass killings of dogs and reinstatement of dogcatcher’s establishments. Eminent scientists, artists, cultural workers sent requests or appeals in these respects to the authorities. This ‘canine campaign’ led to the adoption, in 1961–2, of legal acts designed to make the methods of dealing with homeless animals ‘civilised’, but they did not bring about a breakthrough in the way dogs were treated or dealt with in post-war Poland. The campaign demonstrated that an active group of dog lovers got formed in the People’s Republic. In this sense, it can be said that dogs became an object of human care (the latter topic not having been subject to the research on which the following text is based).
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Pub Date : 2020-02-01DOI: 10.12775/aph.2019.120.01
Łukasz Neubauer
The Dream of the Rood constitutes one of the most intriguing products of Old English literature, both in terms of its highly imaginative, heroicised depiction of Christ and the Cross and on account of its numerous Christian and pre-Christian intersec- tions. One of the most arresting issues in it, however, particularly as regards the poem’s cultural background, is its mention of a sorhleoð (l. 67), the ‘sorrow-song’, or ‘dirge’ that the disciples begin to sing once they have placed the body of the Saviour in the sepulchre. Given that there is no mention of any songs being chanted at the time of Christ’s burial in the canonical Gospels, it seems rational to suggest that the anonymous poet must have supplied this ‘missing’ information on the basis of his own, perhaps somewhat antiquarian, knowledge of the burial customs in Anglo-Saxon England.
{"title":"“They Began to Sing Him a Sorhleoð”: Possible Echoes of the Anglo-Saxon Funerary Rites in ‘The Dream of the Rood’","authors":"Łukasz Neubauer","doi":"10.12775/aph.2019.120.01","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.12775/aph.2019.120.01","url":null,"abstract":"The Dream of the Rood constitutes one of the most intriguing products of Old English literature, both in terms of its highly imaginative, heroicised depiction of Christ and the Cross and on account of its numerous Christian and pre-Christian intersec- tions. One of the most arresting issues in it, however, particularly as regards the poem’s cultural background, is its mention of a sorhleoð (l. 67), the ‘sorrow-song’, or ‘dirge’ that the disciples begin to sing once they have placed the body of the Saviour in the sepulchre. Given that there is no mention of any songs being chanted at the time of Christ’s burial in the canonical Gospels, it seems rational to suggest that the anonymous poet must have supplied this ‘missing’ information on the basis of his own, perhaps somewhat antiquarian, knowledge of the burial customs in Anglo-Saxon England.","PeriodicalId":42490,"journal":{"name":"ACTA POLONIAE HISTORICA","volume":"120 1","pages":"5-25"},"PeriodicalIF":0.1,"publicationDate":"2020-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47680582","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-02-01DOI: 10.12775/aph.2019.120.03
Anna Pomierny-Wąsińska
In the mid-fourteenth century, the authorities of Florence resolved to establish registers of all the real properties within the Florentine dominion. A project, unprecedented in the Florentine history, to record and compile an inventory of estates was conceived. The article considers the circumstances behind the project, primarily the socioeconomic and political factors that drove the authorities’ decision. Details are discussed regarding the selection of officials responsible for the project and the work they did. Analysis of the project in question enables to address certain specific issues of late medieval perception and rationalisation of urban and off-urban space.
{"title":"‘Per popolo e per confini’. Florentine tavola delle possessioni and the Property Registration in the Middle of the Fourteenth Century","authors":"Anna Pomierny-Wąsińska","doi":"10.12775/aph.2019.120.03","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.12775/aph.2019.120.03","url":null,"abstract":"In the mid-fourteenth century, the authorities of Florence resolved to establish registers of all the real properties within the Florentine dominion. A project, unprecedented in the Florentine history, to record and compile an inventory of estates was conceived. The article considers the circumstances behind the project, primarily the socioeconomic and political factors that drove the authorities’ decision. Details are discussed regarding the selection of officials responsible for the project and the work they did. Analysis of the project in question enables to address certain specific issues of late medieval perception and rationalisation of urban and off-urban space.","PeriodicalId":42490,"journal":{"name":"ACTA POLONIAE HISTORICA","volume":"120 1","pages":"45-78"},"PeriodicalIF":0.1,"publicationDate":"2020-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42428997","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-02-01DOI: 10.12775/aph.2019.120.06
Bartłomiej Gajos
This article shows how the leaders of the Polish United Workers’ Party (PZPR) tried to incorporate the October Revolution into the Polish culture of remembrance. The author concentrates his attention on two round anniversaries (in 1957 and 1967) and describes the limits, zig-zags, and paradoxes of the official politics of memory conducted by the PZPR. He argues that although the Soviet leaders conceived the anniversaries of the October Revolution as a means of strengthening the friendship between the nations, in the case of Poland, they created an opportunity to advance arguments for easing Soviet domination. The author also points out that both the Soviet and Polish cultures of remembrances shared one feature in common: by the late 1960s, the theme of the Second World War started to overshadow all other events from the past, including first and foremost the October Revolution.
{"title":"Inconvenient Anniversary: October Revolution Day in the Polish People’s Republic, 1957–67","authors":"Bartłomiej Gajos","doi":"10.12775/aph.2019.120.06","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.12775/aph.2019.120.06","url":null,"abstract":"This article shows how the leaders of the Polish United Workers’ Party (PZPR) tried to incorporate the October Revolution into the Polish culture of remembrance. The author concentrates his attention on two round anniversaries (in 1957 and 1967) and describes the limits, zig-zags, and paradoxes of the official politics of memory conducted by the PZPR. He argues that although the Soviet leaders conceived the anniversaries of the October Revolution as a means of strengthening the friendship between the nations, in the case of Poland, they created an opportunity to advance arguments for easing Soviet domination. The author also points out that both the Soviet and Polish cultures of remembrances shared one feature in common: by the late 1960s, the theme of the Second World War started to overshadow all other events from the past, including first and foremost the October Revolution.","PeriodicalId":42490,"journal":{"name":"ACTA POLONIAE HISTORICA","volume":"120 1","pages":"137-161"},"PeriodicalIF":0.1,"publicationDate":"2020-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44446136","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-09-01DOI: 10.12775/APH.2019.119.05
Marek Słoń
The 1335 foundation (chartering) of Kazimierz, the town situated beside Cracow, was a difficult venture as a group of settlers had to be brought from another strong urban centre. Owing to the memory of the rebellion led by alderman (vogt) Albert and due to the political situation, Casimir III the Great most probably sought assistance from the town of Sandomierz in an attempt to find an optimum solution. This supposition is confirmed by the fact that the king favoured the town after 1335 and, even more importantly, that the foundation charter and one of the first documents for the new commune were issued at Sandomierz. A close relationship between Sandomierz and Kazimierz is observable for the subsequent years.
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Pub Date : 2019-09-01DOI: 10.12775/APH.2019.119.09
Hanna Zaremska
It is only fourteenth- and fifteenth-century sources that help build an image of the functioning of the rabbinate in Jewish religious communities of medieval Poland. Latin Christian sources dating to the period mention individuals described as doctor scholae , senior scholae , or episcopus Iudaeorum (standing for the rabbi or the major senior). However, mentions referring to such persons usually only deal with their lending activities. Still, we can learn more about the rabbis active in Poznan in the middle of the fifteenth century thanks to the correspondence ( responsa ) of Israel Isserlein, Israel Bruna, and Moses Minz, all of whom were scholars active in the Empire.
{"title":"The Rabbinate of Poznań in the Second Half of the Fifteenth Century","authors":"Hanna Zaremska","doi":"10.12775/APH.2019.119.09","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.12775/APH.2019.119.09","url":null,"abstract":"It is only fourteenth- and fifteenth-century sources that help build an image of the functioning of the rabbinate in Jewish religious communities of medieval Poland. Latin Christian sources dating to the period mention individuals described as doctor scholae , senior scholae , or episcopus Iudaeorum (standing for the rabbi or the major senior). However, mentions referring to such persons usually only deal with their lending activities. Still, we can learn more about the rabbis active in Poznan in the middle of the fifteenth century thanks to the correspondence ( responsa ) of Israel Isserlein, Israel Bruna, and Moses Minz, all of whom were scholars active in the Empire.","PeriodicalId":42490,"journal":{"name":"ACTA POLONIAE HISTORICA","volume":"119 1","pages":"157-174"},"PeriodicalIF":0.1,"publicationDate":"2019-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47235175","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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