Abstract:In the second half of the nineteenth century, dramatic literature racializes the comic argument of the “nègre.” Race becomes a comic device of vaudeville, as dramatic as it is musical, notably with Labiche, through the figure of the man who will soon be called “Bamboula” and who summons burlesque situations, eccentric settings, carnival disguises, humorous couplets, explosive dances and clownish fun. This figure is found in the music hall with Chocolat at the beginning of the twentieth century and will participate in all the new media formats of modernity, enough to trivialize racism and durably shape mentalities. (In French)
{"title":"Race et ressort comique: l’invention théâtrale de “Bamboula”","authors":"S. Chalaye","doi":"10.1353/ncf.2022.0001","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1353/ncf.2022.0001","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract:In the second half of the nineteenth century, dramatic literature racializes the comic argument of the “nègre.” Race becomes a comic device of vaudeville, as dramatic as it is musical, notably with Labiche, through the figure of the man who will soon be called “Bamboula” and who summons burlesque situations, eccentric settings, carnival disguises, humorous couplets, explosive dances and clownish fun. This figure is found in the music hall with Chocolat at the beginning of the twentieth century and will participate in all the new media formats of modernity, enough to trivialize racism and durably shape mentalities. (In French)","PeriodicalId":42524,"journal":{"name":"NINETEENTH-CENTURY FRENCH STUDIES","volume":"50 1","pages":"215 - 233"},"PeriodicalIF":0.2,"publicationDate":"2022-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47315074","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"文学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Introduction: La race du côté littéraire","authors":"D. Desormeaux","doi":"10.1353/ncf.2022.0010","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1353/ncf.2022.0010","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":42524,"journal":{"name":"NINETEENTH-CENTURY FRENCH STUDIES","volume":"50 1","pages":"186 - 197"},"PeriodicalIF":0.2,"publicationDate":"2022-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47312140","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"文学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Abstract:The legacy of the Année terrible permeated the creative practice of the Belle Époque, and the shaping of a collective cultural memory exercised artists across all disciplines. When composers and their peers reflected on the events of 1870–71, the creation and performance of art song (mélodie) often assumed a key narrative and symbolic function. This study investigates the ways by which composers and their colleagues drew on song, and song performance, to engage with post-1871 dialogues of memory, memorialisation, and artistic renewal. It surveys mélodies that were composed in direct response to political and artistic imperatives, and others whose creation was subsequently reimagined in the shaping of historical narratives. Through composers’ creative practice, and their subsequent accounting of it, the study examines how the mélodie was deployed both to express and contextualise traumatic experience, and to access discourses of cultural memory and musical identity.
{"title":"“L’art d’évoquer les minutes heureuses”: Mélodie and Memory in the Année terrible","authors":"Emily Kilpatrick","doi":"10.1353/ncf.2022.0009","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1353/ncf.2022.0009","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract:The legacy of the Année terrible permeated the creative practice of the Belle Époque, and the shaping of a collective cultural memory exercised artists across all disciplines. When composers and their peers reflected on the events of 1870–71, the creation and performance of art song (mélodie) often assumed a key narrative and symbolic function. This study investigates the ways by which composers and their colleagues drew on song, and song performance, to engage with post-1871 dialogues of memory, memorialisation, and artistic renewal. It surveys mélodies that were composed in direct response to political and artistic imperatives, and others whose creation was subsequently reimagined in the shaping of historical narratives. Through composers’ creative practice, and their subsequent accounting of it, the study examines how the mélodie was deployed both to express and contextualise traumatic experience, and to access discourses of cultural memory and musical identity.","PeriodicalId":42524,"journal":{"name":"NINETEENTH-CENTURY FRENCH STUDIES","volume":"50 1","pages":"170 - 185"},"PeriodicalIF":0.2,"publicationDate":"2022-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44183509","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"文学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Abstract:The historical relationship between anti-Semitism and Orientalism is usually understood according to their overlapping representations of Jews and Muslims. In this essay, I begin by asking whether nineteenth-century French anti-Semitism and Orientalism might also be considered from the standpoint of a functional continuity. Reading an 1888 trio of anti-Semitic, imperialist novels by Louis Noir, I propose that empire offered modern anti-Semitism the solution to a problem vexing Orientalists and anti-Semites alike: how to denounce capitalism from a position immanent to the system. The result—what I call imperial anti-Semitism—in turn invites us to examine anti-Semitism’s contested place among racial capitalism’s global logics. Seeking to understand anti-Semitism’s twenty-first century resurgence, I make a case for anti-Semitism’s ongoing pertinence to the capitalist world order.
{"title":"Unfinished Business: Anti-Semitism, Racial Capitalism, and the Long Age of Empire","authors":"Dorian Bell","doi":"10.1353/ncf.2022.0000","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1353/ncf.2022.0000","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract:The historical relationship between anti-Semitism and Orientalism is usually understood according to their overlapping representations of Jews and Muslims. In this essay, I begin by asking whether nineteenth-century French anti-Semitism and Orientalism might also be considered from the standpoint of a functional continuity. Reading an 1888 trio of anti-Semitic, imperialist novels by Louis Noir, I propose that empire offered modern anti-Semitism the solution to a problem vexing Orientalists and anti-Semites alike: how to denounce capitalism from a position immanent to the system. The result—what I call imperial anti-Semitism—in turn invites us to examine anti-Semitism’s contested place among racial capitalism’s global logics. Seeking to understand anti-Semitism’s twenty-first century resurgence, I make a case for anti-Semitism’s ongoing pertinence to the capitalist world order.","PeriodicalId":42524,"journal":{"name":"NINETEENTH-CENTURY FRENCH STUDIES","volume":"50 1","pages":"198 - 214"},"PeriodicalIF":0.2,"publicationDate":"2022-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49019527","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"文学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Abstract:Apollinaire’s work is heavily influenced by cosmopolitanism, which does not preclude finding elements in it that are related to ongoing thoughts about race that saturated the late nineteenth and early twentieth centuries. This article proposes to explore this tendency, without overestimating it, in two directions. First, it will deal with Apollinaire’s thinking about race through explicit statements on the topic. For example, he was sufficiently aware of nineteenth-century theories of race that he wrote that “Gobineau could not be fashionable in a civilized country.” Additionally, we will try to determine, more indirectly, how his conceptual tools and his thoughts about race are reflected in his writings, when he evokes, for example, “the Jewish” or “Negro” race to which he appears well disposed, but which he nevertheless describes with language suggesting racialized thought. (In French)
{"title":"L’air du temps . . . Apollinaire et la race","authors":"Jérémy Guedj","doi":"10.1353/ncf.2022.0004","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1353/ncf.2022.0004","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract:Apollinaire’s work is heavily influenced by cosmopolitanism, which does not preclude finding elements in it that are related to ongoing thoughts about race that saturated the late nineteenth and early twentieth centuries. This article proposes to explore this tendency, without overestimating it, in two directions. First, it will deal with Apollinaire’s thinking about race through explicit statements on the topic. For example, he was sufficiently aware of nineteenth-century theories of race that he wrote that “Gobineau could not be fashionable in a civilized country.” Additionally, we will try to determine, more indirectly, how his conceptual tools and his thoughts about race are reflected in his writings, when he evokes, for example, “the Jewish” or “Negro” race to which he appears well disposed, but which he nevertheless describes with language suggesting racialized thought. (In French)","PeriodicalId":42524,"journal":{"name":"NINETEENTH-CENTURY FRENCH STUDIES","volume":"50 1","pages":"264 - 279"},"PeriodicalIF":0.2,"publicationDate":"2022-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46358860","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"文学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Abstract:During the “Scramble for Africa,” proponents of imperialism imagined the new phonograph as a potential tool of colonization that could use disembodied, recorded voices to enchant indigenous listeners and manipulate them into submission, what I call “phonographic imperialism.” This article studies the iconography of a major turning point in French colonial history—the capture and sentencing of Samori Touré in French Sudan in 1898—and the implications of these sources for the notion of phonographic imperialism within the French empire. By comparing fictitious portrayals of the phonograph in Africa, from French advertisements to a Mande legend from Samori’s native region, we may begin to lay bare the assumptions about listening and fidelity that underpin the concept of the “phonograph-fetish,” a trope that would remain popular for nearly the entire span of the Second French Colonial Empire.
{"title":"Samori Touré and the Portable God: Imagining the Phonographic Conquest of West Africa","authors":"R. Altergott","doi":"10.1353/ncf.2022.0008","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1353/ncf.2022.0008","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract:During the “Scramble for Africa,” proponents of imperialism imagined the new phonograph as a potential tool of colonization that could use disembodied, recorded voices to enchant indigenous listeners and manipulate them into submission, what I call “phonographic imperialism.” This article studies the iconography of a major turning point in French colonial history—the capture and sentencing of Samori Touré in French Sudan in 1898—and the implications of these sources for the notion of phonographic imperialism within the French empire. By comparing fictitious portrayals of the phonograph in Africa, from French advertisements to a Mande legend from Samori’s native region, we may begin to lay bare the assumptions about listening and fidelity that underpin the concept of the “phonograph-fetish,” a trope that would remain popular for nearly the entire span of the Second French Colonial Empire.","PeriodicalId":42524,"journal":{"name":"NINETEENTH-CENTURY FRENCH STUDIES","volume":"171 3","pages":"151 - 169"},"PeriodicalIF":0.2,"publicationDate":"2022-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41266784","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"文学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Abstract:One of the key examples analysed in Edward Said’s Orientalism is Flaubert’s account of his meeting with the almeh Kuchiuk Hanem, a skilled dancer and courtesan, in Egypt in 1850. Frequently revisited by criticism following Said, Kuchiuk has had an extraordinary afterlife in which she is seen as standing for the Orient as a whole, an instance of synecdoche. We, as postcolonial theorists, tend to interpret Kuchiuk-as-text (Flaubert’s notes describing his encounter with her), through the same trope of synecdoche, as standing for nineteenth-century Orientalism as a whole. Yet a close reading of Flaubert’s text reveals his concern to note down specific details and to avoid the generalising logic that would make the individual a representative of her “race.” We, as critics, could learn from such a lesson. All literary genres shape readers’ expectations, and the rules of the particular sub-genre that is the postcolonial theory essay risk predetermining our interpretation of texts.
{"title":"The Whore, the Text, and the Critics: Flaubert’s Kuchiuk Hanem as Postcolonial Fetish","authors":"Jennifer Yee","doi":"10.1353/ncf.2022.0006","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1353/ncf.2022.0006","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract:One of the key examples analysed in Edward Said’s Orientalism is Flaubert’s account of his meeting with the almeh Kuchiuk Hanem, a skilled dancer and courtesan, in Egypt in 1850. Frequently revisited by criticism following Said, Kuchiuk has had an extraordinary afterlife in which she is seen as standing for the Orient as a whole, an instance of synecdoche. We, as postcolonial theorists, tend to interpret Kuchiuk-as-text (Flaubert’s notes describing his encounter with her), through the same trope of synecdoche, as standing for nineteenth-century Orientalism as a whole. Yet a close reading of Flaubert’s text reveals his concern to note down specific details and to avoid the generalising logic that would make the individual a representative of her “race.” We, as critics, could learn from such a lesson. All literary genres shape readers’ expectations, and the rules of the particular sub-genre that is the postcolonial theory essay risk predetermining our interpretation of texts.","PeriodicalId":42524,"journal":{"name":"NINETEENTH-CENTURY FRENCH STUDIES","volume":"50 1","pages":"289 - 306"},"PeriodicalIF":0.2,"publicationDate":"2022-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41738974","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"文学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Abstract:With a focus on a “French” corpus ranging from the 1850s to the 1900s, this essay explores different literary theorizations of race through poetry. From Vigny to Lautréamont and Vivien, the ancient syntagm “race of the poets” is often revived to build the mythology of what Verlaine would call the poète maudit. There, such a poetic “race” may remain structurally unrelated to the contemporary conceptualization developed by Gobineau for instance (or, conversely, by Firmin), even with Baudelaire, whose work is otherwise linked to the colonial experience. While the existence of a link between the assertion of racial belonging and poetic production cannot be determined a priori, it sometimes leads to intricate, multifold, and meta-literary statements about ethnicity, nationhood, and creation. Besides Rimbaud’s “Mauvais sang,” we describe such reflexive constructs in Verhaeren’s work and in the volumes published by the Haitian writer Paul Lochard, whose poetry is interpreted anew. (In French)
{"title":"La race des poètes","authors":"L. Dubreuil","doi":"10.1353/ncf.2022.0003","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1353/ncf.2022.0003","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract:With a focus on a “French” corpus ranging from the 1850s to the 1900s, this essay explores different literary theorizations of race through poetry. From Vigny to Lautréamont and Vivien, the ancient syntagm “race of the poets” is often revived to build the mythology of what Verlaine would call the poète maudit. There, such a poetic “race” may remain structurally unrelated to the contemporary conceptualization developed by Gobineau for instance (or, conversely, by Firmin), even with Baudelaire, whose work is otherwise linked to the colonial experience. While the existence of a link between the assertion of racial belonging and poetic production cannot be determined a priori, it sometimes leads to intricate, multifold, and meta-literary statements about ethnicity, nationhood, and creation. Besides Rimbaud’s “Mauvais sang,” we describe such reflexive constructs in Verhaeren’s work and in the volumes published by the Haitian writer Paul Lochard, whose poetry is interpreted anew. (In French)","PeriodicalId":42524,"journal":{"name":"NINETEENTH-CENTURY FRENCH STUDIES","volume":"50 1","pages":"249 - 263"},"PeriodicalIF":0.2,"publicationDate":"2022-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41384744","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"文学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Abstract:The notion of human race took on considerable importance in the nineteenth century, supported by an active and recognized scientific community. The classificatory approach, which sought to order the world, took place in a context of violent economic and political dominations—slavery, followed by colonization in the nineteenth and twentieth centuries—and led to a vast enterprise of hierarchization. Among the vectors of production and circulation of this racialization of colonial identities, school textbooks and publications of a pedagogical nature held a prominent place. Several generations of French schoolchildren thus learned the inequality of races in their textbooks. The introduction in the colonies of a different form of teaching than metropolitan education also led to the inclusion of racial inequality in school textbooks for colonized populations. (In French)
{"title":"La racialisation des identités à travers les publications à caractère pédagogique au sein de l’Empire colonial français","authors":"Carole Reynaud-Paligot","doi":"10.1353/ncf.2022.0005","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1353/ncf.2022.0005","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract:The notion of human race took on considerable importance in the nineteenth century, supported by an active and recognized scientific community. The classificatory approach, which sought to order the world, took place in a context of violent economic and political dominations—slavery, followed by colonization in the nineteenth and twentieth centuries—and led to a vast enterprise of hierarchization. Among the vectors of production and circulation of this racialization of colonial identities, school textbooks and publications of a pedagogical nature held a prominent place. Several generations of French schoolchildren thus learned the inequality of races in their textbooks. The introduction in the colonies of a different form of teaching than metropolitan education also led to the inclusion of racial inequality in school textbooks for colonized populations. (In French)","PeriodicalId":42524,"journal":{"name":"NINETEENTH-CENTURY FRENCH STUDIES","volume":"50 1","pages":"280 - 288"},"PeriodicalIF":0.2,"publicationDate":"2022-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45178836","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"文学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Nineteenth-Century French Studies: Index to vol. 50, nos. 1–4 Fall 2021–Summer 2022","authors":"","doi":"10.1353/ncf.2022.0007","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1353/ncf.2022.0007","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":42524,"journal":{"name":"NINETEENTH-CENTURY FRENCH STUDIES","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.2,"publicationDate":"2022-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46448261","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"文学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
京公网安备 11010802042870号
京ICP备2023020795号-1
扫码关注我们
求助内容：
应助结果提醒方式：