The main aim of this study is to investigate Foreign Language Anxiety (FLA) in relation to the teaching and learning of English as a foreign language. A total of 75 prospective primary school teachers at the University of the Balearic Islands (UIB) took part in this study. A small questionnaire that included the Foreign Language Classroom Anxiety Scale (FLCAS) (Horwitz et al., 1986) was used to collect data. The results of this study show that most participants experience average and high anxiety levels in the language classroom. Communication apprehension was reported to be the main source of FLA, followed by fear of negative evaluation and test anxiety. The findings also revealed the strong association between FLA, motivation, language proficiency and degree of self-confidence. Furthermore, the data indicate that the primary source of speaking anxiety is related to participants’ lack of English proficiency. This may have potential adverse effects on the confidence levels of L2 teachers, their target language use, and their instructional competence (Horwitz, 1996).
本研究的主要目的是探讨外语焦虑与作为外语的英语教学的关系。巴利阿里群岛大学(UIB)共有75名准小学教师参加了这项研究。本研究采用了一份小型问卷，其中包括外语课堂焦虑量表(FLCAS) (Horwitz et al.， 1986)。本研究结果显示，大多数参与者在语言课堂上经历了中等和高度的焦虑水平。沟通恐惧是FLA的主要来源，其次是对负面评价的恐惧和考试焦虑。研究结果还揭示了FLA、动机、语言熟练程度和自信程度之间的密切联系。此外，数据表明，口语焦虑的主要来源与参与者缺乏英语水平有关。这可能会对第二语言教师的信心水平、目标语言的使用和教学能力产生潜在的不利影响(Horwitz, 1996)。
{"title":"Do prospective primary school teachers suffer from Foreign Language Anxiety (FLA) in Spain?","authors":"Marian Amengual Pizarro","doi":"10.35869/VIAL.V0I16.91","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.35869/VIAL.V0I16.91","url":null,"abstract":"The main aim of this study is to investigate Foreign Language Anxiety (FLA) in relation to the teaching and learning of English as a foreign language. A total of 75 prospective primary school teachers at the University of the Balearic Islands (UIB) took part in this study. A small questionnaire that included the Foreign Language Classroom Anxiety Scale (FLCAS) (Horwitz et al., 1986) was used to collect data. The results of this study show that most participants experience average and high anxiety levels in the language classroom. Communication apprehension was reported to be the main source of FLA, followed by fear of negative evaluation and test anxiety. The findings also revealed the strong association between FLA, motivation, language proficiency and degree of self-confidence. Furthermore, the data indicate that the primary source of speaking anxiety is related to participants’ lack of English proficiency. This may have potential adverse effects on the confidence levels of L2 teachers, their target language use, and their instructional competence (Horwitz, 1996).","PeriodicalId":42598,"journal":{"name":"Vial-Vigo International Journal of Applied Linguistics","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2019-05-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43630186","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"文学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Using data from the International Corpus of Learner English (ICLE) and the British National Corpus (BNC), this article examines what Turkish learners of English know about a set of frequent verb-argument constructions (VACs, such as ‘V with n’ as illustrated by ‘I like to go with the flow’) and in what ways their VAC knowledge is influenced by native English usage and by transfer from their first language (L1), Turkish. An ICLE Turkish analysis gave us access to dominant verb-VAC associations in Turkish learners ́ English, and provided insights into the productivity and predictability of selected constructions. Comparisons with the BNC and other ICLE subsets (ICLE German and ICLE Spanish) allowed us to determine how strong the usage effect is on Turkish learners’ verb-VAC associations and whether Turkish learners differ in this respect from learners of other typologically different L1s. Potential effects of L1 transfer were explored with the help of a large reference corpus of Turkish, the Turkish National Corpus (TNC).
利用国际英语学习者语料库（ICLE）和英国国家语料库（BNC）的数据，本文考察了土耳其英语学习者对一组常见动词论证结构（VACs，如“V with n”，如“I like to go the flow”）的了解，以及他们的VAC知识受到母语英语用法和母语（L1）土耳其语迁移的影响。ICLE土耳其语分析使我们能够了解土耳其文学习者英语中的主导动词VAC关联，并深入了解所选结构的生产力和可预测性。与BNC和其他ICLE子集（ICLE德语和ICLE西班牙语）的比较使我们能够确定使用对土耳其学习者的动词VAC联想的影响有多大，以及土耳其学习者在这方面是否与其他类型不同的L1的学习者不同。在土耳其语的大型参考语料库——土耳其国家语料库（TNC）的帮助下，探讨了母语迁移的潜在影响。
{"title":"Effects of L2 usage and L1 transfer on Turkish learners’ production of English verb-argument constructions","authors":"U. Römer, Selahattin Yilmaz","doi":"10.35869/VIAL.V0I16.95","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.35869/VIAL.V0I16.95","url":null,"abstract":"Using data from the International Corpus of Learner English (ICLE) and the British National Corpus (BNC), this article examines what Turkish learners of English know about a set of frequent verb-argument constructions (VACs, such as ‘V with n’ as illustrated by ‘I like to go with the flow’) and in what ways their VAC knowledge is influenced by native English usage and by transfer from their first language (L1), Turkish. An ICLE Turkish analysis gave us access to dominant verb-VAC associations in Turkish learners ́ English, and provided insights into the productivity and predictability of selected constructions. Comparisons with the BNC and other ICLE subsets (ICLE German and ICLE Spanish) allowed us to determine how strong the usage effect is on Turkish learners’ verb-VAC associations and whether Turkish learners differ in this respect from learners of other typologically different L1s. Potential effects of L1 transfer were explored with the help of a large reference corpus of Turkish, the Turkish National Corpus (TNC).","PeriodicalId":42598,"journal":{"name":"Vial-Vigo International Journal of Applied Linguistics","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2019-05-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44654714","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"文学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Following previous research on automatic term extraction, the primary aim of this paper is to propose a more robust and consistent framework of analysis for the comparative evaluation of term extractors. Within the different views for software quality outlined in ISO standards, our proposal focuses on the criterion of external quality and in particular on the characteristics of functionality, usability and efficiency together with the subcharacteristics of suitability, precision, operability and time behavior. The evaluation phase is completed by comparing four online open-access automatic term extractors: TermoStat, GaleXtract, BioTex and DEXTER. This latter resource forms part of the virtual functional laboratory for natural language processing (FUNK Lab) developed by our research group. Furthermore, the results obtained from the comparative analysis are discussed.
{"title":"A framework of analysis for the evaluation of automatic term extractors","authors":"Carlos Periñán-Pascual, Ricardo Mairal-Usón","doi":"10.35869/VIAL.V0I15.88","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.35869/VIAL.V0I15.88","url":null,"abstract":"Following previous research on automatic term extraction, the primary aim of this paper is to propose a more robust and consistent framework of analysis for the comparative evaluation of term extractors. Within the different views for software quality outlined in ISO standards, our proposal focuses on the criterion of external quality and in particular on the characteristics of functionality, usability and efficiency together with the subcharacteristics of suitability, precision, operability and time behavior. The evaluation phase is completed by comparing four online open-access automatic term extractors: TermoStat, GaleXtract, BioTex and DEXTER. This latter resource forms part of the virtual functional laboratory for natural language processing (FUNK Lab) developed by our research group. Furthermore, the results obtained from the comparative analysis are discussed.","PeriodicalId":42598,"journal":{"name":"Vial-Vigo International Journal of Applied Linguistics","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2019-02-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43614172","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"文学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
This article explores the various uses of ser and estar in Spanish based on the assumptions of Cognitive Grammar (CG). The application of certain concepts of this model to the description of the attributive and non-attributive values of ser and estar allows us to identify a unifying thread that facilitates an integrated description of each use. These concepts and theoretical instruments include grammaticalization through attenuation, active zone, profile/base distinction, and dependency relation through correspondences, among others. In accordance with the symbolic conception of grammar characteristic of CG, we defend the idea that in their attributive and non-attributive uses both ser and estar are signs in which a basic semantic structure present in all the values can be recognized, although with different emergent nuances in specific constructions facilitated by different processes of metonymic extension. The main argument of this paper is that, in the ser/estar opposition, the marked element is estar as it contains a stative-episodic component that, be it in the foreground of the profile or the background of the base presupposed by this verb, is present in all its uses, locative, attributive, as an auxiliary in progressive periphrasis and in adjectival passive constructions. Ser, however, is a copulative verb by default, and may be associated with the notion of identification or correspondence in all its attributive uses and takes on predicative nuances both in its use in locations of event nouns and as an auxiliary in passives.
{"title":"Ser and estar from the Cognitive Grammar perspective","authors":"Alejandro Castañeda Castro","doi":"10.35869/VIAL.V0I15.85","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.35869/VIAL.V0I15.85","url":null,"abstract":"This article explores the various uses of ser and estar in Spanish based on the assumptions of Cognitive Grammar (CG). The application of certain concepts of this model to the description of the attributive and non-attributive values of ser and estar allows us to identify a unifying thread that facilitates an integrated description of each use. These concepts and theoretical instruments include grammaticalization through attenuation, active zone, profile/base distinction, and dependency relation through correspondences, among others. In accordance with the symbolic conception of grammar characteristic of CG, we defend the idea that in their attributive and non-attributive uses both ser and estar are signs in which a basic semantic structure present in all the values can be recognized, although with different emergent nuances in specific constructions facilitated by different processes of metonymic extension. The main argument of this paper is that, in the ser/estar opposition, the marked element is estar as it contains a stative-episodic component that, be it in the foreground of the profile or the background of the base presupposed by this verb, is present in all its uses, locative, attributive, as an auxiliary in progressive periphrasis and in adjectival passive constructions. Ser, however, is a copulative verb by default, and may be associated with the notion of identification or correspondence in all its attributive uses and takes on predicative nuances both in its use in locations of event nouns and as an auxiliary in passives.","PeriodicalId":42598,"journal":{"name":"Vial-Vigo International Journal of Applied Linguistics","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2019-02-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46886459","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"文学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The main aim of this paper is to raise awareness about the importance of language contrasts in legal interpreting contexts. The semantic typology of motion events put forward by Talmy (1991, 2000) and its implications for discourse and narrative (Slobin 1991, 1996, 2004, 2005) are used as an example of how an applied typology approach can be useful for the analysis of language contrasts in a forensic linguistics context. Applied Language Typology (Filipović 2008, 2017a, b) is used here to analyse transcriptions of police interviews that were mediated by an English-Spanish interpreter in California (USA) and an English-Portuguese interpreter in Norfolk (UK). The results of this analysis demonstrate that certain differences in semantic components of motion such as Manner, Cause and Deixis can lead interpreters to add, omit or modify the content of a message in the process of translation. This leads us to conclude that professional practices such as the production of bilingual transcripts and use of control interpreters, together with the inclusion of Applied Language Typology in interpreting training, would improve the quality of interpreting practices in legal contexts.
{"title":"Interpreting meaning in police interviews: Applied Language Typology in a Forensic Linguistics context","authors":"Luna Filipović, Alberto Hijazo Gascón","doi":"10.35869/VIAL.V0I15.87","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.35869/VIAL.V0I15.87","url":null,"abstract":"The main aim of this paper is to raise awareness about the importance of language contrasts in legal interpreting contexts. The semantic typology of motion events put forward by Talmy (1991, 2000) and its implications for discourse and narrative (Slobin 1991, 1996, 2004, 2005) are used as an example of how an applied typology approach can be useful for the analysis of language contrasts in a forensic linguistics context. Applied Language Typology (Filipović 2008, 2017a, b) is used here to analyse transcriptions of police interviews that were mediated by an English-Spanish interpreter in California (USA) and an English-Portuguese interpreter in Norfolk (UK). The results of this analysis demonstrate that certain differences in semantic components of motion such as Manner, Cause and Deixis can lead interpreters to add, omit or modify the content of a message in the process of translation. This leads us to conclude that professional practices such as the production of bilingual transcripts and use of control interpreters, together with the inclusion of Applied Language Typology in interpreting training, would improve the quality of interpreting practices in legal contexts.","PeriodicalId":42598,"journal":{"name":"Vial-Vigo International Journal of Applied Linguistics","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2019-02-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47010726","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"文学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
This paper looks at how street signs identify English streets and buildings. Street name signs mark out streets in forms regulated by government in terms of typeface and other attributes but not language. A building name or number sign provides a location and delimitation of property for legal and administrative purposes. Their meaning is highly indexical in that it is only true for a precise given location. Naming signs need to last indefinitely and to be legible from different angles and in different lights. Many use all capital letters, with serif letters conveying traditional values and sans serif modernity. The choice of material, whether stone, wood or paper, is crucial, to the extent that some naming signs are built-in to the actual architecture of the buildings. Naming signs have a range of functions and meanings based on physical qualities and physical location not found in printed texts.
{"title":"Naming in the language of the street","authors":"V. Cook","doi":"10.35869/vial.v0i15.86","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.35869/vial.v0i15.86","url":null,"abstract":"This paper looks at how street signs identify English streets and buildings. Street name signs mark out streets in forms regulated by government in terms of typeface and other attributes but not language. A building name or number sign provides a location and delimitation of property for legal and administrative purposes. Their meaning is highly indexical in that it is only true for a precise given location. Naming signs need to last indefinitely and to be legible from different angles and in different lights. Many use all capital letters, with serif letters conveying traditional values and sans serif modernity. The choice of material, whether stone, wood or paper, is crucial, to the extent that some naming signs are built-in to the actual architecture of the buildings. Naming signs have a range of functions and meanings based on physical qualities and physical location not found in printed texts.","PeriodicalId":42598,"journal":{"name":"Vial-Vigo International Journal of Applied Linguistics","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2019-02-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47190212","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"文学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Phonological awareness can predict reading skills in typical readers (Bradly & Bryant, 1983; Stahl & Murray, 1994) and can distinguish between typical reading and reading deficit in alphabetic languages (Snowling, 1981; Stanovich & Siegel, 1994; Bryant et al., 1990). Yet the nature of phonological awareness and the causal link between phonological awareness and reading skill are subject to debate (Harm & Seidenberg, 1999; Castles & Coltheart, 2004; Blomert & Willems, 2010). Phonological awareness is often defined as sensitivity to the phonological structure of language and the ability to segment, isolate and manipulate the sounds of a specific language. We report the results of a study whose aim was to determine the sensitivity of phonological awareness tests in distinguishing between typical readers and deficit readers in Urdu. Urdu has a deep orthography, which however, presents readers with challenges different from the type offered by a language, such as English (Farukh & Vulchanova, 2014). The tasks included in the battery were typical phonological awareness tasks, such as phoneme manipulation, rhyme oddity, rhyming, and syllabification. Our results show that none of the phonological awareness tasks successfully predict concurrent poor reading skills. Most notably, one task, syllabification, predicts reading accuracy in the Control group only, but not in the Reading Deficit group. We discuss these results in light of the grain-size hypothesis and the orthographic depth hypothesis of reading, and from the point of view of stages in literacy acquisition.
{"title":"Can phonological awareness predict concurrent reading outcomes in a deep orthography?","authors":"M. Vulchanova, Ammara Farukh","doi":"10.35869/VIAL.V0I15.90","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.35869/VIAL.V0I15.90","url":null,"abstract":"Phonological awareness can predict reading skills in typical readers (Bradly & Bryant, 1983; Stahl & Murray, 1994) and can distinguish between typical reading and reading deficit in alphabetic languages (Snowling, 1981; Stanovich & Siegel, 1994; Bryant et al., 1990). Yet the nature of phonological awareness and the causal link between phonological awareness and reading skill are subject to debate (Harm & Seidenberg, 1999; Castles & Coltheart, 2004; Blomert & Willems, 2010). Phonological awareness is often defined as sensitivity to the phonological structure of language and the ability to segment, isolate and manipulate the sounds of a specific language. We report the results of a study whose aim was to determine the sensitivity of phonological awareness tests in distinguishing between typical readers and deficit readers in Urdu. Urdu has a deep orthography, which however, presents readers with challenges different from the type offered by a language, such as English (Farukh & Vulchanova, 2014). The tasks included in the battery were typical phonological awareness tasks, such as phoneme manipulation, rhyme oddity, rhyming, and syllabification. Our results show that none of the phonological awareness tasks successfully predict concurrent poor reading skills. Most notably, one task, syllabification, predicts reading accuracy in the Control group only, but not in the Reading Deficit group. We discuss these results in light of the grain-size hypothesis and the orthographic depth hypothesis of reading, and from the point of view of stages in literacy acquisition.","PeriodicalId":42598,"journal":{"name":"Vial-Vigo International Journal of Applied Linguistics","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2019-02-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46848371","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"文学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Native speakers of English can identify non-native English speakers with relatively little difficulty. Further, they are able to identify the native language of non-native speakers, as suggested by such terms as French or Arabic accent, implying that non-native English carries properties which are characteristic of native languages. In four experiments, we investigated whether English listeners can match an unknown foreign language with a foreign accent. In the first two experiments, listeners heard a sample of accented English and were asked to select the native language of the speakers from a series of competitors. Listener performance did not exceed chance. In the third experiment, listeners made 'yesno' responses to accented English matched with foreign languages, including the native language of the speaker. Although listeners thought some languages were more likely to be the source of the foreign accent than others, they did not identify the target language correctly. In the fourth experiment, listeners supplied ratings about the similarity of accented English and various foreign languages, with res-ults very similar to those of Experiment 3.
{"title":"Searching for Foreign Accent","authors":"V. Stockmal, Z. Bond, D. Moates","doi":"10.1121/1.427353","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1121/1.427353","url":null,"abstract":"Native speakers of English can identify non-native English speakers with relatively little difficulty. Further, they are able to identify the native language of non-native speakers, as suggested by such terms as French or Arabic accent, implying that non-native English carries properties which are characteristic of native languages. In four experiments, we investigated whether English listeners can match an unknown foreign language with a foreign accent. In the first two experiments, listeners heard a sample of accented English and were asked to select the native language of the speakers from a series of competitors. Listener performance did not exceed chance. In the third experiment, listeners made 'yesno' responses to accented English matched with foreign languages, including the native language of the speaker. Although listeners thought some languages were more likely to be the source of the foreign accent than others, they did not identify the target language correctly. In the fourth experiment, listeners supplied ratings about the similarity of accented English and various foreign languages, with res-ults very similar to those of Experiment 3.","PeriodicalId":42598,"journal":{"name":"Vial-Vigo International Journal of Applied Linguistics","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"1999-08-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"63490475","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"文学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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