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Language visibility in the public space: the linguistic landscape of Masvingo, Zimbabwe 公共空间中的语言可见性:津巴布韦马斯温戈的语言景观
IF 0.2 0 LANGUAGE & LINGUISTICS Pub Date : 2022-05-04 DOI: 10.1080/02572117.2022.2094085
Vincent Jenjekwa
This article investigates the language situation in the public space in Masvingo Province, Zimbabwe, from a linguistic landscape point of view. The data consists of written information displayed on billboards, road signs and buildings. Data were also generated through in-depth interviews and documentary study. The theoretical underpinnings of the study are founded in the linguistic landscape and post-colonial theories. The study established the overwhelming dominance of English both in the cityscape and landscape. While Shona, one of the major indigenous languages of Zimbabwe, appears in a few instances in the form of proper names, most local languages are not part of the visible signs on roads, billboards and buildings in Masvingo. This gives English de facto status as the sole official language, regardless of the fact that the constitution of Zimbabwe officially recognises 15 indigenous languages in addition to English. This silencing of indigenous languages has serious implications for equity in language use in Zimbabwe. The study recommends equitable treatment of languages in the public space to ensure that the languages and cultures associated with all languages of Zimbabwe do not gradually die.
本文从语言学景观的角度考察了津巴布韦马欣戈省公共空间的语言状况。这些数据包括显示在广告牌、路标和建筑物上的书面信息。数据也是通过深入访谈和文献研究产生的。这项研究的理论基础是建立在语言景观和后殖民理论之上的。这项研究确立了英语在城市景观和景观方面的压倒性优势。尽管津巴布韦主要土著语言之一绍纳语在少数情况下以专有名称的形式出现,但大多数当地语言并不是马欣戈道路、广告牌和建筑物上可见标志的一部分。这使英语成为唯一的官方语言,尽管津巴布韦宪法正式承认除英语外的15种土著语言。这种对土著语言的沉默对津巴布韦语言使用的公平性产生了严重影响。该研究建议在公共场所公平对待语言,以确保与津巴布韦所有语言相关的语言和文化不会逐渐消亡。
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引用次数: 0
Linguistic strategies used by the Ministry of Health and Childcare in Zimbabwe to sensitise citizens on COVID-19 津巴布韦卫生和儿童保育部为提高公民对新冠肺炎的认识而使用的语言策略
IF 0.2 0 LANGUAGE & LINGUISTICS Pub Date : 2022-05-04 DOI: 10.1080/02572117.2022.2094058
L. Mutonga, Kudzai Gotosa, Victor Mugari
This study explores the use of Shona and English in COVID-19 pandemic adverts by the Ministry of Health and Child Care in Zimbabwe. Specifically, the research establishes and explains the significance of linguistic strategies which were used by the Ministry of Health and Child Care when disseminating information to reduce the risk of COVID-19 infection, spread and management in the print media. The purpose of the study is to demonstrate that language use in this context is an act of cognitive manipulation where the reader is strategically coerced to take up the message. The study is a qualitative research enterprise and it used document analysis as the method of data collection. Data is analysed using Discourse Analysis and conceptual metaphor theory. The study established that the Ministry of Health and Child Care employed metaphors, slang, code switching, interrogatives, translation and borrowing to guide interpretation and conceptualisation of information in their adverts. The study concludes that by using these devices, the ministry exploits shared knowledge and then appeals to cognition through interrogatives to subtly garner support, manipulate opinion and manufacture compliance through the adverts.
本研究探讨了津巴布韦卫生和儿童保健部在新冠肺炎大流行广告中使用Shona和英语的情况。具体而言,该研究确立并解释了卫生和儿童保健部在传播信息时使用的语言策略的重要性,以降低新冠肺炎在印刷媒体中感染、传播和管理的风险。本研究的目的是证明在这种情况下使用语言是一种认知操纵行为,在这种行为中,读者被战略性地强迫接受信息。本研究是一项定性研究,采用文献分析作为数据收集方法。运用语篇分析和概念隐喻理论对数据进行分析。该研究表明,卫生和儿童保健部使用隐喻、俚语、代码转换、疑问句、翻译和借用来指导广告中信息的解释和概念化。该研究得出的结论是,通过使用这些设备,该部利用共享的知识,然后通过询问来吸引认知,通过广告巧妙地获得支持、操纵意见并制造合规性。
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引用次数: 0
(Re)considering Haugen’s model in the teaching and learning of standard Kiswahili in Uganda (Re)考虑Haugen在乌干达标准斯瓦希里语教学中的模式
IF 0.2 0 LANGUAGE & LINGUISTICS Pub Date : 2022-05-04 DOI: 10.1080/02572117.2022.2094084
Caesar Jjingo, Zainab Ali Iddi
In Uganda, Kiswahili is a foreign language and is provided for as the second official language of the country mainly due to its growing importance in the region. While such an official status has significantly increased its teaching in post-primary phases across the country, the question on which Kiswahili variety or varieties to be considered in schools has remained predominantly undecided. As a result, given that the existing language-in-education policy is silent on this matter, the widespread use of various Kiswahili varieties has unceasingly and gradually flourished in the learning institutions of Uganda. This practice contrasts with Kaplan’s and Baldauf Jr.’s perspectives on schools, as formal sites for the teaching of a selected or standard variety of a given language. Employing Bowen’s document analysis techniques, this article primarily reviews postulations on the teaching of Kiswahili, as primarily outlined in the Uganda’s existing language-in-education policy. The review offers justifications to explore Haugen’s revised language planning model to purposely establish possibilities for (re-)emphasising the teaching and learning of standard Kiswahili in the Uganda’s education systems.
在乌干达,斯瓦希里语是一门外语,被规定为该国的第二官方语言,主要是因为它在该地区日益重要。虽然这种官方地位大大增加了全国小学后阶段的教学,但在学校中考虑哪种斯瓦希里语变体的问题基本上仍未决定。因此,鉴于现有的教育语言政策对这一问题保持沉默,各种斯瓦希里语变体的广泛使用在乌干达的学习机构中不断地逐渐蓬勃发展。这种做法与卡普兰和小巴尔道夫对学校的看法形成了对比,学校是教授特定语言的选定或标准变体的正式场所。本文采用Bowen的文献分析技术,主要回顾了斯瓦希里语教学的假设,主要概述了乌干达现有的语言教育政策。这篇综述为探索Haugen修订的语言规划模型提供了理由,该模型旨在为(重新)强调乌干达教育系统中标准斯瓦希里语的教学建立可能性。
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引用次数: 0
Cross-linguistic issues in the acquisition of Mandarin Chinese negation by Shona–English bilinguals at the University of Zimbabwe: implications for second language teaching 津巴布韦大学绍英双语者汉语否定习得中的跨语言问题:对第二语言教学的启示
IF 0.2 0 LANGUAGE & LINGUISTICS Pub Date : 2022-05-04 DOI: 10.1080/02572117.2022.2094074
Achieford Mhondera, Tendai Mutepfa
This article provides insights into the nature of the transitional language during the acquisition of Mandarin Chinese as an additional foreign language by students at the University of Zimbabwe. The students concerned are first language speakers of Shona and English as their second language. The article examines linguistic features apparent in the intermediate stages of the acquisition of Mandarin negation systems in a formal learning environment. In establishing this, the researchers employed discourse completion tasks, semi-structured interviews with learners and language instructors, and personal reports as methods of gathering data. Secondary sources, including Mandarin textbooks and Mandarin language instructors, were also consulted to assist in error identification, description and explanation. From the findings, it is apparent that, during the acquisition of Mandarin negation, the intermediate stages can be characterised by a complex system of rules and syntactic-semantic permutations which are independent of both the target language and of previously-acquired languages. The research contributes to an understanding of the development of learner’s language during the acquisition of a typologically-dissimilar foreign additional language, and has further implications for solving problems in foreign language teaching and learning.
本文对津巴布韦大学学生在学习汉语作为附加外语的过程中过渡语言的性质进行了深入的探讨。有关学生的第一语言为母语为绍纳语,第二语言为英语。本文考察了在正式学习环境中汉语否定系统习得的中间阶段所表现出的语言特征。在建立这一点的过程中,研究人员采用了话语完成任务、对学习者和语言教师的半结构化访谈以及个人报告作为收集数据的方法。还咨询了包括普通话教材和普通话教师在内的次要来源,以协助识别、描述和解释错误。研究结果表明,在普通话否定习得过程中,中间阶段的特征是一个复杂的规则和句法语义排列系统,这些规则和语义排列独立于目标语言和先前习得的语言。这项研究有助于理解学习者在习得类型不同的外语附加语过程中语言的发展,并对解决外语教学中的问题有进一步的启示。
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引用次数: 0
Is Khelobedu a language or a dialect? Khelobedu是一种语言还是一种方言?
IF 0.2 0 LANGUAGE & LINGUISTICS Pub Date : 2022-05-04 DOI: 10.1080/02572117.2022.2094049
T. Rakgogo, I. P. Mandende
The primary aim of this article is to investigate whether Khelobedu should be considered a language in its own right or whether it has correctly been classified as one of the dialects of Sepedi, referred to in Section 6(1) of the Constitution of the Republic of South Africa, as Sepedi, one of the 11 official languages of South Africa. The article was initiated by a dialectal controversy surrounding the politics of dialects and languages in South Africa. Dialectology as a conceptual framework was considered as the body of theory that guides this article and buttresses the authors’ point of view. The article is purely qualitative in nature and employed content analysis supplemented by focus group interviews with members of the Modjadji Traditional Council and face-to-face interviews with 20 university students who ethnically identified themselves as Balobedu. Participants for the article were purposively selected based on their proficiency and knowledge about the researched phenomenon as articulated by Creswell and Creswell. Based on lexical dissimilarities realised between Khelobedu and Sepedi, the article concludes that Khelobedu is not a dialect, but a language on its own. The findings reveal that the decision to classify Khelobedu as a dialect of Sepedi was meant to accommodate the administrative system of the apartheid regime, being a purely political exercise which lacked transparency, consultation and a linguistic justification. It is further found that decisions about whether speech forms constitute an independent language or a dialect are based on language ideology and not on linguistic criteria.
本文的主要目的是调查凯洛贝杜语是否应被视为一种语言,或者它是否被正确地归类为《南非共和国宪法》第6(1)条中提到的塞佩迪语方言之一,即南非11种官方语言之一的塞佩迪语。这篇文章是由一场围绕南非方言和语言政治的方言争议引发的。方言学作为一个概念框架被认为是指导本文并支持作者观点的理论主体。这篇文章纯粹是定性的,采用了内容分析,辅以对Modjadji传统委员会成员的焦点小组采访,以及对20名自称俾路支人的大学生的面对面采访。这篇文章的参与者是根据他们对Creswell和Creswell所阐述的研究现象的熟练程度和知识而有目的地选择的。本文根据凯洛贝杜语和塞佩迪语在词汇上的不同,得出结论:凯洛贝都语不是一种方言,而是一种独立的语言。调查结果表明,将Khelobedu归类为塞佩迪方言的决定是为了适应种族隔离政权的行政制度,这纯粹是一种政治活动,缺乏透明度、协商和语言依据。研究进一步发现,关于言语形式是否构成独立语言或方言的决定是基于语言意识形态,而不是基于语言标准。
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引用次数: 1
When prepositions and adverbs become nouns and locatives in Xitsonga 当介词和副词在西松嘎语中变成名词和位置时
IF 0.2 0 LANGUAGE & LINGUISTICS Pub Date : 2022-05-04 DOI: 10.1080/02572117.2022.2094082
S. J. Kubayi
This article aims to clarify the lexical category membership of noun classes 16, 17 and 18 in Xitsonga. These noun classes can be described as both nominal and locational, but also have constrained membership. The study follows a criterion-based approach rather than a traditionalist definitional approach. In terms of their translation equivalents, the study finds that these noun classes constitute prepositions and adverbs. Morphologically, the prepositions take two parallel structures with the same functional properties. In relation to their syntactical distribution, the prepositions seem to co-occur meaningfully with other prepositions in order to form bound prepositions. It is observed that none of the members of these classes is a noun or a locative, prompting the conclusion that noun classes 16, 17 and 18 are non-existent in Xitsonga. It appears that the lexical category membership of these noun classes has been taken for granted as locative classes. Further research should be conducted in order to develop a deeper understanding of lexical category membership of these ‘noun classes’ across the Bantu languages.
本文旨在阐明西通加语中名词类16、17和18的词汇范畴隶属关系。这些名词类既可以描述为名词类,也可以描述为位置类,但也具有有限的成员关系。这项研究采用了基于标准的方法,而不是传统的定义方法。就它们的翻译等价物而言,研究发现这些名词类构成了介词和副词。从形态上看,介词采用两个具有相同功能性质的平行结构。就其句法分布而言,介词似乎与其他介词有意义地共同出现,以形成绑定介词。据观察,这些类别的成员都不是名词或方位词,这促使人们得出结论,即在Xitsonga不存在名词类别16、17和18。这些名词类的词汇范畴成员资格似乎被视为位置类。为了更深入地理解班图语中这些“名词类”的词汇类别成员关系,还需要进行进一步的研究。
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引用次数: 0
Stylistic elements in the praise poetry of Chief Adolphus Munamuna, ọụbẹbẹ kẹnị Ịjọ ibe (the chief oral poet of the Ịjọ nation) 阿道夫·穆纳穆纳赞美诗中的文体元素,ọụbẹbẹ kẹnị Ịjọ 伊贝Ịjọ 国家)
IF 0.2 0 LANGUAGE & LINGUISTICS Pub Date : 2022-05-04 DOI: 10.1080/02572117.2022.2094089
Imomotimi Armstrong
This article focuses on the language of the praise poetry of Chief Adolphus Munamuna of the Ịzọn ethnic group, located in Nigeria’s oil-rich Niger Delta region. It examines the extent to which the Ịjọ bard makes use of such stylistic devices as parallelism, ideophone, praise title, metaphor, simile, alliteration, assonance, and personification, amongst others. The article points out that the Otuan-born poet deliberately contrives elements of style to achieve balance, develop ideas and build up his chants. Moreover, the article highlights that some of the stylistic devices add drama and liveliness to the performances of the bard. In addition, the poetic qualities provide a musical element to the chants, as well as vividness to the events described.
本文主要研究尼日利亚盛产石油的尼日尔三角洲地区Ịzọn族群酋长Adolphus Munamuna的赞美诗语言。它考察了Ịjọ诗人在多大程度上使用了诸如平行、意指、赞美标题、隐喻、明喻、头韵、谐音和拟人等文体手段。文章指出,这位欧团籍诗人刻意设计风格元素,以达到平衡,发展思想,构建自己的圣歌。此外,文章还强调了一些风格手段为诗人的表演增添了戏剧性和活力。此外,诗歌的特质为圣歌提供了音乐元素,也为所描述的事件提供了生动性。
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引用次数: 1
Nickname creation through shortening Setswana personal names 通过缩短塞茨瓦纳人名创建昵称
IF 0.2 0 LANGUAGE & LINGUISTICS Pub Date : 2022-05-04 DOI: 10.1080/02572117.2022.2094052
Thapelo J Otlogetswe, Goabilwe N Ramaeba
This article discusses the changing patterns of nickname formation among the Batswana people. It argues that traditionally, Setswana nicknames were formed in line with Setswana phonotactics. However, with the influence of English, which has official status in Botswana, South Africa and Zimbabwe, Setswana nicknames are now formed by shortening them in line with English phonotactics. The data for this study were collected from social media. Eight different strategies of nickname formation which all follow English phonotactics are identified and discussed. The study uses a Zipfian hypothesis to explain the shortening of Setswana names. It argues that names are shortened to create nicknames because of their frequency of usage in line with the Zipfian law of abbreviation.
本文讨论了巴特瓦纳人昵称形成的变化模式。它认为,传统上,塞茨瓦纳人的昵称是根据塞茨瓦纳人的发音策略形成的。然而,在博茨瓦纳、南非和津巴布韦拥有官方地位的英语的影响下,塞茨瓦纳语的昵称现在是根据英语发音策略缩短的。这项研究的数据来自社交媒体。识别并讨论了八种不同的昵称形成策略,它们都遵循了英语表音策略。这项研究使用齐普法假说来解释Setswana名称的缩短。它认为,名字被缩短是为了创造昵称,因为它们的使用频率符合Zipfian缩写定律。
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引用次数: 1
Imicabango yababhali base-Afrika ngempumelelo yabesifazane: kuhlaziywa inoveli kaJabulani Mngadi ethi Usumenyezelwe-ke Umcebo 非洲作家对妇女成功的看法:人们承认资源已经到位
IF 0.2 0 LANGUAGE & LINGUISTICS Pub Date : 2022-05-04 DOI: 10.1080/02572117.2022.2094054
Vusumuzi J Nkosi, N. Zondi
Imibono evezwe kule atikeli igxile enovelini yesiZulu, Usumenyezelwe-ke Umcebo eyabhalwa nguJabulani Mngadi ongomunye wababhali abahloniswayo kwezobuciko besiZulu. Ithuluzi lokucwaninga elibizwa ngokuthi yiStatus Incongruity Hypothesis yilona elisetshenziselwe ukuveza imizwa yababhali mayelana nempumelelo eyaziwa ngokuthi ingeyabesifazane emisebenzini yobuciko. Inoveli kaMngadi ikuveza kucace ukuthi amasiko abomdabu base Afrika awayeseki neze impumelelo yabantu besifazane. Le atikeli ihlose ukwedlulisela umzabalazo wabantu besifazane enkundleni yamasiko nalokho akulindele kubo. Okutholiwe ekucwaningeni wukuthi: (1) eNtshonalanga impumelelo yomuntu wesifazane ithathwa njengeyakhe yena siqu, kanti emiphakathini yabomdabu base Afrika impumelelo yomuntu wesifazane ayithathwa neze njengeyakhe uqobo kodwa njengeyalowo muntu wesilisa omphethe; (2) emiphakathini eminingi emhlabeni impumelelo yomuntu wesifazane ivele inekelwe izwe nje kungabe kusanakwa nokuphepha kwakhe, okukugcina wukuthi (3) emiphakathini yabomdabu yase Afrika umuntu wesifazane oyisihlabani uyajeziswa ngabantu besilisa nabanye abantu besifazane. Atikeli ivumbulule ukuthi kukhona isikhala esikhona ezifundweni zeFeminism ngaphansi kwalesi sihloko sayo nokuthi lesi sikhala singavalwa ngokuthi kusetshenziswe iStatus Incongruity Hypothesis ukuphenya imisebenzi yobuciko besiZulu efana namanoveli, amadrama, izindatshana nezinkondlo.
这位艺术家的愿景包括祖鲁的源头,这是由祖鲁最好的作家之一Jabulan Mgadi写的。一种名为“地位不协调假说”的配置工具是展示经典作品中被称为女性的成功城市的最常用工具。这项任务表明,这个非洲国家的法律没有得到支持,妇女也没有取得成功。这种颜色的接受者,为了将对妇女的鼓励传递给法院,是对她们的要求。在葬礼上发现的是:(1)在西方,女性的继承权被视为自己的身体,而在非洲记者中,女性的继任权不是作为自己的,而是作为自己丈夫的同一个男人。(2) 在世界许多地方,一位女性的继承权被赋予了世界,而不是她的激情,最终(3)在非洲记者中,一位来自世界的女性受到了针对其他女性的暴力行为的惩罚。阿特肯斯认为,在这一标题下,女权主义教育有一个空间,可以利用地位不协调假说来结束祖鲁文化的作品,如小说、戏剧、玩具和教堂。
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引用次数: 0
Pan-African identities and literacies: The orthographic harmonisation debate revisited 泛非身份和识字:正字法协调辩论重新审视
IF 0.2 0 LANGUAGE & LINGUISTICS Pub Date : 2022-05-04 DOI: 10.1080/02572117.2022.2094057
F. Ndhlovu
From the 1940s to the mid-1950s, South African intellectual and political activist, Jacob Mfaniselwa Nhlapo, championed the forging of African political unity through harmonising writing systems for mutually related African language varieties. Owing to his diverse intellectual, professional and political background – a scholar, lawyer, journalist, and political activist – Nhlapo proposed harmonisation not as a purely linguistic enterprise, but as a project centred on the political economy of language. The motivation was to push back the frontiers of colonially imposed fragmentation of African identities through leveraging African language diversity for the political goals of uniting and empowering African people. The fragmentation of African people along ethnic and linguistic lines that prompted Nhlapo’s ideas remains to this day, which means the political imperatives of harmonisation are still relevant now, probably more than ever before. In this article, I revisit the harmonisation proposal to explore those spheres of possibility and promise that it holds for mapping pan-African identities and literacies that transcend current inward-looking, nativist and nation-state-centric conceptions of being and becoming African. What promises do common writing systems for mutually related varieties of African languages hold for enhancing pan-African literacies, education and cross-cultural understanding both in and out of school contexts? To support the arguments advanced in this article, I draw on examples of Nguni languages and the Shona group of languages, with some passing remarks on the Sotho/Tswana group of languages.
从20世纪40年代到50年代中期,南非知识分子和政治活动家雅各布·姆法尼塞尔瓦·恩拉波(Jacob Mfaniselwa Nhlapo)倡导通过协调相互关联的非洲语言品种的书写系统来打造非洲政治统一。由于他多样的知识、专业和政治背景——学者、律师、记者和政治活动家——恩拉波提出的和谐不是纯粹的语言学事业,而是一个以语言的政治经济学为中心的项目。其动机是通过利用非洲语言的多样性来实现团结和赋予非洲人民权力的政治目标,从而推动殖民强加的非洲身份碎片化的边界。非洲人在种族和语言上的分裂,促使了恩拉波的思想,直到今天仍然存在,这意味着协调的政治必要性现在仍然重要,可能比以往任何时候都重要。在这篇文章中,我重新审视了协调提案,以探索它所拥有的可能性和承诺,以绘制泛非洲身份和文化,超越当前的内向型,本土主义和民族国家为中心的存在和成为非洲人的概念。相互关联的各种非洲语言的共同书写系统对提高泛非读写能力、教育和学校内外的跨文化理解有何前景?为了支持本文中提出的论点,我引用了恩古尼语和绍纳语的例子,并对索托/茨瓦纳语进行了一些顺便的评论。
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引用次数: 0
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South African Journal of African Languages
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