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Legends of Places as Part of the Sustainable Development of Regions 地方传奇作为区域可持续发展的一部分
IF 0.3 4区 社会学 0 FOLKLORE Pub Date : 2021-04-01 DOI: 10.7592/FEJF2021.81.IVANCIC_KROPEJ
Barbara Ivančič Kutin, Ljubljana Arts, Monika Kropej Telban
Many newly established thematic routes and parks include narrative traditions to be experienced in their natural environment. Quality products of this kind are the result of well-developed concepts that follow expert guidelines and strategies and can be, as such, part of sustainable tourism, which strives to preserve ties with tradition to the greatest extent possible. This article includes some examples of different presentations of narrative tradition or local legends in places and discusses the problems with which such presentations cope. The article particularly discusses two examples of thematic trails that are based on professional folklore and ethnological research. The first case involves research activities that served as the foundation for thematic storytelling routes in the eastern part of the Alps – Pohorje above Slovenska Bistrica in Slovenia – and in central Istria in Croatia. The second example shows the influence of a thematic trail on the knowledge about local narrative tradition among schoolchildren in Bovec in the north-western part of Slovenia.
许多新建的主题路线和公园都包含了在自然环境中体验的叙事传统。这类高质量的产品是遵循专家指导方针和战略的完善概念的结果,因此可以成为可持续旅游的一部分,可持续旅游努力在最大程度上保持与传统的联系。本文列举了一些不同地方的叙事传统或地方传说的不同表现形式的例子,并讨论了这些表现形式所面临的问题。本文特别讨论了两个基于专业民俗学和民族学研究的主题小径实例。第一个案例涉及的研究活动是在阿尔卑斯山东部——斯洛文尼亚的斯洛文尼亚比斯特里察(Bistrica)上方的Pohorje——和克罗地亚的伊斯特里亚(Istria)中部的主题讲故事路线的基础。第二个例子显示了专题路线对斯洛文尼亚西北部Bovec学童了解当地叙事传统的影响。
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引用次数: 2
“Doctors Just Don’t Care about People!” How Medical Specialists Are Depicted in a Vaccine-Critical Estonian Facebook Group “医生就是不关心人!”在爱沙尼亚的一个疫苗关键Facebook小组中,医学专家是如何被描述的
IF 0.3 4区 社会学 0 FOLKLORE Pub Date : 2021-04-01 DOI: 10.7592/FEJF2021.82.UIBU
Marko Uibu
Vaccine hesitancy as a great health risk is related to trust in healthcare providers’ recommendations and provider-parent interaction. The negative image of doctors and their motives may hinder open communication and trustful relationship. As the role of the internet as a source for health information and emotional support has become significant, social media discussions about health and medicine provide valuable opportunities to observe the formation of critical attitudes towards doctors and medicine. This article examines representations of medical specialists in an Estonian vaccine-critical public Facebook group. On the forum, doctors are depicted as dumb and blind believers who operate in a wrong paradigm and are not able to see the full and accurate picture of “real health”. According to the group rhetoric, doctors’ willingness to help parents and children is limited as they depend on a broader exploitive medical system or Big Pharma. As medical specialists are not trustworthy and do not take any responsibility, parents feel that they must closely control all the actions. The group members believe that it is better not tell the truth to doctors and, if necessary, to threaten them with law enforcement. Many of the forum posts are very emotional, illustrating the heavy burden parents perceive in taking vaccine-related decisions. The ridiculing of medical specialists has an empowering effect on patients to feel more in control. Forum posts emphasize common belonging and shared concerns. Therefore, social media is not only a stage for vaccine information but an active factor contributing to the circulation of meanings and enabling emotional support and community formation.
疫苗犹豫作为一个巨大的健康风险与对医疗保健提供者的建议和提供者-家长互动的信任有关。医生的负面形象及其动机可能会阻碍开放的沟通和信任关系。随着互联网作为健康信息和情感支持来源的作用变得越来越重要,社交媒体上关于健康和医学的讨论为观察对医生和医学的批评态度的形成提供了宝贵的机会。这篇文章检查了爱沙尼亚疫苗关键公共Facebook小组的医学专家的代表。在论坛上,医生被描绘成愚蠢和盲目的信徒,他们以错误的范式运作,无法看到“真正的健康”的完整和准确的画面。根据该组织的说法,医生帮助父母和孩子的意愿是有限的,因为他们依赖于更广泛的剥削性医疗系统或大型制药公司。由于医学专家不值得信赖,也不承担任何责任,父母觉得他们必须严格控制所有的行为。该组织成员认为,最好不要告诉医生真相,如果有必要,可以用执法来威胁他们。论坛上的许多帖子都非常情绪化,说明了父母在做出与疫苗有关的决定时所感受到的沉重负担。对医学专家的嘲笑对病人有一种赋权的效果,让他们觉得自己更能控制局面。论坛帖子强调共同的归属和共同的关切。因此,社交媒体不仅是疫苗信息传播的舞台,也是意义流通、情感支持和社区形成的积极因素。
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引用次数: 3
“Coming into the World: From Spirits to the Spirit”. The First Childhood Museum in Romania “进入世界:从灵到灵”。罗马尼亚第一座儿童博物馆
IF 0.3 4区 社会学 0 FOLKLORE Pub Date : 2020-12-01 DOI: 10.7592/fejf2020.80.iuga
A. Iuga
The present paper follows the National Museum of the Romanian Peasant (Romania) in its endeavour to display the Virtual Museum of Childhood. The context prior to exhibiting material and intangible heritage related to childhood is analysed, and the curatorial challenges of this project are mentioned. This article also refers to the museum’s activities dedicated to childbirth (exhibitions, cultural activities), from 1990 to the present day, but it especially focuses on the first exhibition of the Museum of Childhood, “Coming into the world: From spirits to the Spirit”, dedicated to birth.
本文遵循罗马尼亚农民国家博物馆(罗马尼亚)在其努力展示童年的虚拟博物馆。在展示与儿童有关的物质和非物质遗产之前的背景进行了分析,并提到了这个项目的策展挑战。这篇文章也提到了博物馆从1990年至今致力于分娩的活动(展览,文化活动),但它特别关注儿童博物馆的第一个展览,“进入世界:从精神到精神”,致力于分娩。
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引用次数: 0
The Structure and Genesis of One Type of Magic Spell Against Children’s Insomnia among Slavic Peoples 一种斯拉夫民族儿童失眠症魔咒的结构与成因
IF 0.3 4区 社会学 0 FOLKLORE Pub Date : 2020-12-01 DOI: 10.7592/fejf2020.80.agapkina_toporkov
Tatiana A. Agapkina, A. Toporkov
Among Slavic charms for children who suffer from insomnia, there are texts depicting mothers going out of their houses, carrying their babies while looking at the forest or a single tree and reciting a magic spell addressed to a mythological character, asking for the creature’s help in taking away the baby’s cries and restoring the baby’s sleep. One variation of such texts originates from a manuscript called Summa de confessionis discretione. This text was compiled in Latin by a monk named Rudolf, evidently in the middle of the thirteenth or the beginning of the fourteenth century. The fact that the magic spells for insomnia in children seem to have existed already in the thirteenth or fourteenth century, and that in the nineteenth and twentieth centuries they were widely spread on the broad territory where Eastern, Southern, and Western Slavs lived, testifies to the ancient origins of this type of magic spell.
在为患有失眠症的儿童提供的斯拉夫符咒中,有一些文字描绘了母亲们走出家门,抱着孩子,看着森林或一棵树,向一个神话人物背诵咒语,请求这个生物帮助消除婴儿的哭声,恢复婴儿的睡眠。这种文本的一个变体源自一份名为《忏悔大全》(Summa de confessions)的手稿。这本书是由一位名叫鲁道夫的修道士用拉丁语编纂的,显然是在13世纪中期或14世纪初。治疗儿童失眠症的魔咒似乎在十三或十四世纪就已经存在了,在十九和二十世纪,这些魔咒在东部、南部和西部斯拉夫人居住的广阔地区广泛传播,这证明了这种魔咒的古老起源。
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引用次数: 1
Jews in the Russian Empire, the Soviet Union, and the Russian Federation 俄罗斯帝国、苏联和俄罗斯联邦的犹太人
IF 0.3 4区 社会学 0 FOLKLORE Pub Date : 2020-12-01 DOI: 10.7592/fejf2020.80.kharlamova_novik
A. Kharlamova, A. Novik
The aim of this essay is to present a comprehensive review of the collective monograph Evrei (The Jews), published in 2018 in the series Narody i kul’tury (Peoples and Culture). The authors give an overview of the modern developments in Jewish studies to acquaint the reader with the background of the reviewed monograph. Every chapter of the monograph is analyzed in detail, taking into account the most recently gathered ethnographic materials, such as the data recorded by Alexander Novik in Priazovye and Crimea in the late 1990s and early 2000s, and the newest publications on the subject, such as a paper by Evgeniya Khazdan on Jewish traditional culture, published in 2018.
本文的目的是对集体专著Evrei(犹太人)进行全面审查,该专著于2018年发表在《民族与文化》系列中。作者概述了犹太研究的现代发展,以使读者熟悉所审查的专著的背景。本专著的每一章都进行了详细的分析,考虑到最近收集的民族志材料,如亚历山大·诺维克在20世纪90年代末和21世纪初在普里亚佐夫耶和克里米亚记录的数据,以及有关该主题的最新出版物,如Evgeniya Khazdan于2018年发表的关于犹太传统文化的论文。
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引用次数: 0
Taking Hold of the Future: Active Childbirth Practices and Beliefs in Romania (in the Home Country and in Migration) 把握未来:罗马尼亚积极的分娩实践和信仰(在母国和移民中)
IF 0.3 4区 社会学 0 FOLKLORE Pub Date : 2020-12-01 DOI: 10.7592/fejf2020.80.hulubas
Adina Hulubaș
The relatively recent urbanization process in Romania allowed traditional knowledge to be transmitted, despite industrialization and technology diffusion. Childbirth is still a mysterious event, and magic thinking fills in the gaps of science in order to keep parents confident and at peace. Taboos are obeyed after birth and before christening, only to reach the phase when the future can be moulded: specific elements are chosen for the ritual bath, the child has to touch several objects that would make them smart, a good singer, etc. A year later, their future occupation will be predicted in a specific ceremony. All these active practices are found in urbanites’ families, and also in Romanian immigrant communities in Western Europe. Rituals are mostly compared to neighbouring countries, but also to other distant cultures that show striking similarities. This large geographical spread indicates Indo-European synergies. The identical form of the post-liminal practice of haircutting in Eastern Europe and the Asian rite of passage have not been previously dwelt upon, and it implies the existence of traditional thinking universalia.
罗马尼亚最近的城市化进程使传统知识得以传播,尽管工业化和技术扩散。分娩仍然是一个神秘的事件,神奇的思维填补了科学的空白,以保持父母的信心和平静。出生后和受洗前都要遵守禁忌,只有到了可以塑造未来的阶段:为仪式洗澡选择特定的元素,孩子必须触摸一些能让他们变得聪明的东西,一个好歌手,等等。一年后,他们未来的职业将在一个特定的仪式上被预测。所有这些积极的做法都可以在城市居民的家庭中找到,也可以在西欧的罗马尼亚移民社区找到。仪式大多与邻国比较,但也与其他遥远的文化有惊人的相似之处。这种巨大的地理分布表明印欧人之间存在协同作用。在东欧和亚洲的成人仪式中,理发的相同形式之前没有被讨论过,它意味着传统思维普遍的存在。
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引用次数: 1
Unlived Life: The Death and Funeral of a Child in Slavic Traditional Culture 未活的生命:斯拉夫传统文化中一个孩子的死亡和葬礼
IF 0.3 4区 社会学 0 FOLKLORE Pub Date : 2020-12-01 DOI: 10.7592/fejf2020.80.sedakova
I. Sedakova
This ethnolinguistic study based on the analysis of the archival and field data from various Slavic traditions gives an account of the reasons, meaning, and folk comprehension of untimely death – that of a child. Such a tragic event is seen as a result of intricate reasons: God’s will, the fate, the verdict of the Fates, parents’ ban on the rules, and lack of veneration of the saints, black magic, the evil eye, curse, etc. The amalgamation of Christian views and the pre-Christian perception of early death brings about a combination of notions that seem to be impossible, even more since fatalism comes along with the simultaneous assurance that an early death can be averted with the help of rites and magic acts performed on a newborn baby. Magic programming of a baby’s longevity, which starts with the conception and goes through the delivery and postpartum period, various signs, omens, fortune-telling, and prophetic dreams are scrutinized in the first part of the article. Further on the specifics of the funeral of a baby are analysed, with special attention paid to the magic means to separate the baby from the mother and to prevent the death of other children. The types of commemoration and the obstacles of a baby’s fate in the other world are also investigated in terms of reflecting the behaviour of the deceased child’s relatives. To conclude, the author depicts the stability of some archaic beliefs which one can observe at a child’s funeral, and commemorative practices nowadays.
这项民族语言学研究基于对来自各种斯拉夫传统的档案和实地数据的分析,阐述了儿童过早死亡的原因、意义和民间理解。这样的悲剧事件被认为是复杂原因的结果:上帝的意志,命运,命运的判决,父母对规则的禁令,缺乏对圣人的崇拜,黑魔法,邪眼,诅咒等等。基督教观点和前基督教对早逝的看法的融合,带来了一种似乎不可能的观念的结合,甚至更多,因为宿命论同时伴随着对新生婴儿的仪式和魔法行为的帮助,可以避免过早死亡。从受孕开始,经过分娩和产后,各种迹象,预兆,算命和预言梦,婴儿长寿的神奇编程在文章的第一部分进行了仔细研究。进一步分析了婴儿葬礼的具体情况,特别注意了将婴儿与母亲分开并防止其他儿童死亡的魔法手段。还从反映已故儿童亲属行为的角度调查了纪念活动的类型和婴儿在另一个世界的命运的障碍。总之,作者描述了一些古老的信仰的稳定性,人们可以在孩子的葬礼上观察到,以及今天的纪念活动。
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引用次数: 1
A Local Midwife or a Doctor? Two Systems of Knowledge in Birthing Practices of Russian Old Believers 当地助产士还是医生?俄罗斯老信徒生育实践中的两种知识体系
IF 0.3 4区 社会学 0 FOLKLORE Pub Date : 2020-12-01 DOI: 10.7592/fejf2020.80.dushakova
N. Dushakova
The article explores complex relationships between traditional midwifery and medical institutions as two legitimate knowledge systems in the communities of Russian Old Believers in the Republic of Moldova and in Romania. It is aimed at discussing beliefs and practices around giving birth with the help of a local midwife from the same community, their transformation caused by the access to maternity hospitals as well as distribution of roles between a traditional birth attendant and a doctor. The article is based on oral narratives of Old Believers who used to be local midwives or gave birth to children with the help of such a specialist. The narratives were recorded by the author in 2008–2018.
本文探讨了传统助产和医疗机构之间的复杂关系,作为两个合法的知识体系,在摩尔多瓦共和国和罗马尼亚的俄罗斯老信徒社区。它的目的是讨论在同一社区的当地助产士的帮助下分娩的信仰和做法,这些信仰和做法由于进入妇产医院以及传统助产士和医生之间的角色分配而发生的转变。这篇文章是基于老信徒的口述,他们曾经是当地的助产士,或者在这种专家的帮助下生下了孩子。这些叙事是作者在2008-2018年录制的。
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引用次数: 0
Rituals of Social Legitimization in the Lithuanian Childbirth Customs System: Traditions and Innovations 立陶宛生育习俗制度中的社会合法化仪式:传统与创新
IF 0.3 4区 社会学 0 FOLKLORE Pub Date : 2020-12-01 DOI: 10.7592/fejf2020.80.paukstyte_sakniene
Rasa Paukštytė-Šaknienė
By comparing data of the descriptions of birth customs of Lithuania Minor at the end of the seventeenth century and personal fieldwork data collected in the villages and small towns of south-eastern Lithuania (Dzūkija ethnographic region) in 1992–2007, I discuss the problem of modernization of Lithuanian culture through the diachronic change of structural elements of the birth cycle performed after the birth of a child. I distinguish the three consecutive stages in the cycle of birth customs – the first visit to the baby and the mother (lankynos), baptism, and churching of the woman – and make an attempt to reveal changes in them in the twentieth and early twenty-first centuries in terms of historical development, chronological duration, and social interaction.
通过比较17世纪末小立陶宛出生习俗的描述数据和1992-2007年在立陶宛东南部村庄和小城镇(Dzūkija民族志地区)收集的个人田野调查数据,我通过孩子出生后出生周期结构要素的历时变化来讨论立陶宛文化的现代化问题。我区分了生育习俗周期中三个连续的阶段——第一次拜访婴儿和母亲(lankynos)、洗礼和妇女的教会——并试图揭示它们在20世纪和21世纪初的历史发展、时间顺序持续时间和社会互动方面的变化。
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引用次数: 0
The Birth of a Child as Experienced and Narrated in the 1990s Finland 20世纪90年代芬兰孩子出生的经历和叙述
IF 0.3 4区 社会学 0 FOLKLORE Pub Date : 2020-12-01 DOI: 10.7592/fejf2020.80.marander_eklund
Lena Marander-Eklund
In this article, I examine the way Swedish-speaking first-time mothers living in Finland narrate their experience of giving birth between 1993 and 1997. The object is narrating about the moment of birth and experiential dimension of giving birth. This includes an analysis of stylistic means used in narration, and the points of narration. The material consists of childbirth stories told by 14 Swedish-speaking first-time mothers in interviews during the 1990s. I define the story as a personal experience narrative. The stories show that the women’s experience is embodied. The birth-givers are more focused on giving birth than giving birth to a child and they relate to ambient norms and values in their narration.
在这篇文章中,我研究了1993年至1997年期间生活在芬兰的讲瑞典语的第一次母亲讲述她们分娩经历的方式。对象是关于分娩的时刻和分娩的经验维度的叙述。这包括对叙事中使用的文体手段和叙事要点的分析。这些材料包括14位讲瑞典语的初为人母的母亲在20世纪90年代接受采访时讲述的分娩故事。我将故事定义为个人经历的叙述。这些故事体现了女性的经历。分娩者更关注分娩而不是生孩子,他们在叙述中与环境规范和价值观有关。
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引用次数: 2
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Folklore-Electronic Journal of Folklore
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