Pub Date : 2022-12-01DOI: 10.7592/fejf2022.87.iuga_vlahbei
A. Iuga, Georgiana Vlahbei
The article focuses on the importance and meanings of the masked character of the Mute (Mutul), part of the Căluş ritual performed at the Whitsuntide feast in several regions of Romania and observed in two villages in Argeş County (Stolnici and Bârla). The Căluşari (the members of the Căluş group) perform specific dances meant, first of all, to cure the ritual illness inflicted by Iele (mythological feminine creatures) and also intended to provide for the good health and prosperity of the households where they are being performed. One of the performers is the Mute, archetypally similar to the Jester/Joker, who is impersonated by a man dressed as a woman but endowed with the fertility symbol of a wooden phallus. His presence and actions are all about transgression – he can mock the Căluşari or the community members assisting in the ritual, breaking all conventional behaviour rules. He plays, as well, an important part in the short episodes meant to make the audience laugh. We inquire into how his performance and actions can be perceived in relation to the social limits they break. At the same time, the article discusses what happens to the masked character in the staging context of the ritual, since from the beginning of the twentieth century, especially during the communist period, it reached larger audiences during local (and international) festivals. As of 2008, the ritual has been recognised internationally as an identity emblem, part of the UNESCO Representative List of the Intangible Cultural Heritage.
{"title":"The Mute: Ritual and Transgressive Meanings of the Masked Character in the Romanian Căluş Ritual","authors":"A. Iuga, Georgiana Vlahbei","doi":"10.7592/fejf2022.87.iuga_vlahbei","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.7592/fejf2022.87.iuga_vlahbei","url":null,"abstract":"The article focuses on the importance and meanings of the masked character of the Mute (Mutul), part of the Căluş ritual performed at the Whitsuntide feast in several regions of Romania and observed in two villages in Argeş County (Stolnici and Bârla). The Căluşari (the members of the Căluş group) perform specific dances meant, first of all, to cure the ritual illness inflicted by Iele (mythological feminine creatures) and also intended to provide for the good health and prosperity of the households where they are being performed. One of the performers is the Mute, archetypally similar to the Jester/Joker, who is impersonated by a man dressed as a woman but endowed with the fertility symbol of a wooden phallus. His presence and actions are all about transgression – he can mock the Căluşari or the community members assisting in the ritual, breaking all conventional behaviour rules. He plays, as well, an important part in the short episodes meant to make the audience laugh. We inquire into how his performance and actions can be perceived in relation to the social limits they break. At the same time, the article discusses what happens to the masked character in the staging context of the ritual, since from the beginning of the twentieth century, especially during the communist period, it reached larger audiences during local (and international) festivals. As of 2008, the ritual has been recognised internationally as an identity emblem, part of the UNESCO Representative List of the Intangible Cultural Heritage.","PeriodicalId":42641,"journal":{"name":"Folklore-Electronic Journal of Folklore","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2022-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"84327210","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-12-01DOI: 10.7592/fejf2022.87.spain
Lidia Montesinos Llinare, M. Bullen, Begoña Pecharromán Ferrer
This article presents an overview of studies on women’s participation in festive rituals and cultural customs in Spain. Demands by women to participate in manifestations of what is today termed intangible cultural heritage began to emerge in the 1970s and 1980s. Since then, feminist anthropology has followed these processes of protest and demands for change. Events on the ground have prompted a revision of theoretical frameworks for understanding these phenomena, placing greater emphasis on the interrelationship between the social and symbolic order within the sex/gender system. In this sense, in Spain, and especially in the Basque Country, there has been an intersection between academic research, the actions of self-organised women and the public administration, bringing into dialogue the theoretical, political-activist, and institutional spheres. In this article, we focus on the strategies and practical ways in which equality is sought, materialised, and performed in festive rituals, plotting their evolution to more democratic, participatory, and egalitarian events. We conclude that the study of the fiesta from a gender perspective is crucial to rethinking the way we analyse rituals, processes of change and continuity in festive customs in relation to feminist demands. At the same time, it is a source of inspiration when plotting processes of social and symbolic transformation that question or reverse the patriarchal and hierarchical order of our societies.
{"title":"Vindications and Customs: Women’s Participation in Local Festive Rituals in Spain","authors":"Lidia Montesinos Llinare, M. Bullen, Begoña Pecharromán Ferrer","doi":"10.7592/fejf2022.87.spain","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.7592/fejf2022.87.spain","url":null,"abstract":"This article presents an overview of studies on women’s participation in festive rituals and cultural customs in Spain. Demands by women to participate in manifestations of what is today termed intangible cultural heritage began to emerge in the 1970s and 1980s. Since then, feminist anthropology has followed these processes of protest and demands for change. Events on the ground have prompted a revision of theoretical frameworks for understanding these phenomena, placing greater emphasis on the interrelationship between the social and symbolic order within the sex/gender system. In this sense, in Spain, and especially in the Basque Country, there has been an intersection between academic research, the actions of self-organised women and the public administration, bringing into dialogue the theoretical, political-activist, and institutional spheres. In this article, we focus on the strategies and practical ways in which equality is sought, materialised, and performed in festive rituals, plotting their evolution to more democratic, participatory, and egalitarian events. We conclude that the study of the fiesta from a gender perspective is crucial to rethinking the way we analyse rituals, processes of change and continuity in festive customs in relation to feminist demands. At the same time, it is a source of inspiration when plotting processes of social and symbolic transformation that question or reverse the patriarchal and hierarchical order of our societies.","PeriodicalId":42641,"journal":{"name":"Folklore-Electronic Journal of Folklore","volume":"36 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2022-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"76932153","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-12-01DOI: 10.7592/fejf2022.87.pilipenko_yasinskaya
G. Pilipenko, M. Yasinskaya
The paper discusses some Easter traditions of Slovenes living in the Natisone Valley in Italy. The research is based on the authors’ field data, ethnographic literature, and archival materials. Easter practices and vocabulary related to the celebration of Easter are analyzed in this paper. The paper covers customs that have not been previously described in the scientific literature or those that have had little attention devoted to them and have remained largely unexplored until now. On the one hand, in the vocabulary of the Slovenian dialect of the Natisone Valley, numerous borrowings from Romance (Italian and Friulian) languages are found, mainly in the field of ritual foods. On the other hand, Slovenian lexemes also penetrate into the Romance languages. The authors use data from neighboring Slovenian dialects in order to demonstrate the broader typological perspective of the study. The paper ends with excerpts from the narratives of informants describing the celebration of Easter, which are published with English translations. The detailing of a questionnaire related to Easter among Slovenes in Italy is a future research perspective.
{"title":"Easter Traditions among Slovenes in Italy (Natisone Valley)","authors":"G. Pilipenko, M. Yasinskaya","doi":"10.7592/fejf2022.87.pilipenko_yasinskaya","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.7592/fejf2022.87.pilipenko_yasinskaya","url":null,"abstract":"The paper discusses some Easter traditions of Slovenes living in the Natisone Valley in Italy. The research is based on the authors’ field data, ethnographic literature, and archival materials. Easter practices and vocabulary related to the celebration of Easter are analyzed in this paper. The paper covers customs that have not been previously described in the scientific literature or those that have had little attention devoted to them and have remained largely unexplored until now. On the one hand, in the vocabulary of the Slovenian dialect of the Natisone Valley, numerous borrowings from Romance (Italian and Friulian) languages are found, mainly in the field of ritual foods. On the other hand, Slovenian lexemes also penetrate into the Romance languages. The authors use data from neighboring Slovenian dialects in order to demonstrate the broader typological perspective of the study. The paper ends with excerpts from the narratives of informants describing the celebration of Easter, which are published with English translations. The detailing of a questionnaire related to Easter among Slovenes in Italy is a future research perspective.","PeriodicalId":42641,"journal":{"name":"Folklore-Electronic Journal of Folklore","volume":"89 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2022-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"79928639","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-12-01DOI: 10.7592/fejf2022.87.introduction
I. Sedakova, Laure Fournier
This issue gathers some of the works presented by the members of the Ritual Year Working Group during the 15th Congress of the International Society for Ethnology and Folklore (SIEF) in Helsinki in June 2021. As the general theme of this congress was “Breaking the Rules? Power, Participation, Transgression”, most of the articles stick to this question and try to understand the relationship between rituals and (the breaking of) social rules. The authors address the major problem from several perspectives: the regulations for performing traditional rituals and the reasons for violating them; ritual behaviour on certain dates when the social norms, the hierarchies, and the gender roles are turned upside down; modification of the ritual year recommendations according to the new environment in emigration; etc. Transgression is seen as breaking the traditional foundations and also as a transition from real performance to virtual participation. And, as in June 2021 the entire world was subjected to the rules of COVID-19, some articles in particular attempt to address the pandemic’s impact on ritual sociability worldwide.
{"title":"Ritual Rules in Changing Circumstances: Break, Adapt or Maintain? An Introduction","authors":"I. Sedakova, Laure Fournier","doi":"10.7592/fejf2022.87.introduction","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.7592/fejf2022.87.introduction","url":null,"abstract":"This issue gathers some of the works presented by the members of the Ritual Year Working Group during the 15th Congress of the International Society for Ethnology and Folklore (SIEF) in Helsinki in June 2021. As the general theme of this congress was “Breaking the Rules? Power, Participation, Transgression”, most of the articles stick to this question and try to understand the relationship between rituals and (the breaking of) social rules. The authors address the major problem from several perspectives: the regulations for performing traditional rituals and the reasons for violating them; ritual behaviour on certain dates when the social norms, the hierarchies, and the gender roles are turned upside down; modification of the ritual year recommendations according to the new environment in emigration; etc. Transgression is seen as breaking the traditional foundations and also as a transition from real performance to virtual participation. And, as in June 2021 the entire world was subjected to the rules of COVID-19, some articles in particular attempt to address the pandemic’s impact on ritual sociability worldwide.","PeriodicalId":42641,"journal":{"name":"Folklore-Electronic Journal of Folklore","volume":"77 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2022-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"83135267","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-12-01DOI: 10.7592/fejf2022.87.sief15
A. Novik, I. Sedakova, A. Kharlamova
The review of the 15th Congress of the International Society for Ethnology and Folklore (SIEF), one of the first virtual events of such a scale, highlights modern tendencies in anthropology, ethnology, and folklore. The authors of the review observe the growing interdisciplinarity, the use of adjacent disciplines, and the politization and socialization of the traditional academic research. The Congress’s eighteen streams included topics customary for the SIEF congresses (“Archives & Sources”, “Narratives”, “Food”, “Material Culture and Museums”, etc.) as well as new ones (“Posthumanism”, “Intersectionality”), with over 1000 presentations in total. There is a detailed overview of several panels and streams, including those dedicated to the new folklore and changes in rituals due to the pandemic. The authors note the broadening geography of the participants and, as a result, the increasing number of academic traditions covered at the Congress, which was possible partly thanks to the virtual format.
{"title":"Rules and Norms, Freedom, and Regulation: The 15th Congress of the International Society for Ethnology and Folklore (SIEF)","authors":"A. Novik, I. Sedakova, A. Kharlamova","doi":"10.7592/fejf2022.87.sief15","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.7592/fejf2022.87.sief15","url":null,"abstract":"The review of the 15th Congress of the International Society for Ethnology and Folklore (SIEF), one of the first virtual events of such a scale, highlights modern tendencies in anthropology, ethnology, and folklore. The authors of the review observe the growing interdisciplinarity, the use of adjacent disciplines, and the politization and socialization of the traditional academic research. The Congress’s eighteen streams included topics customary for the SIEF congresses (“Archives & Sources”, “Narratives”, “Food”, “Material Culture and Museums”, etc.) as well as new ones (“Posthumanism”, “Intersectionality”), with over 1000 presentations in total. There is a detailed overview of several panels and streams, including those dedicated to the new folklore and changes in rituals due to the pandemic. The authors note the broadening geography of the participants and, as a result, the increasing number of academic traditions covered at the Congress, which was possible partly thanks to the virtual format.","PeriodicalId":42641,"journal":{"name":"Folklore-Electronic Journal of Folklore","volume":"30 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2022-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"83560007","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-12-01DOI: 10.7592/fejf2022.87.radchenko
Daria Radchenko
The COVID-19 pandemic led to major lockdowns over the world in 2020. This situation severely limited the possibility of several social activities, including religious gatherings. In Russia, the peak of the pandemic coincided with the central period in the Orthodox calendar – the last week of Lent and Easter. As the Patriarch blessed stay-at-home politics, churches were officially closed for everybody but the clergy, and live streams of services on social media were organized; believers had to adapt swiftly to a new mode of copresence in church by participating in services online. To do this, they had to make a choice from the places from which the live stream was organized, transform the space of their homes to accommodate sacrality of the event, rethink the locality of their own body in being instantly at home and “in church”, and manage communication with the priest, fellow parishioners, and family members during Easter night. This involved subtle mechanisms of balancing authority within the network of sacred objects, gadgets, and people. Based on digital ethnography (including participant observation online) and 40 in-depth interviews, the paper investigates how believers constructed and reflected the space of the Easter service in their homes, and presents three key strategies: synchronization, spacing, and appellation to experience.
{"title":"Mediated Easter: Constructing Religious Rituals in a Lockdown","authors":"Daria Radchenko","doi":"10.7592/fejf2022.87.radchenko","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.7592/fejf2022.87.radchenko","url":null,"abstract":"The COVID-19 pandemic led to major lockdowns over the world in 2020. This situation severely limited the possibility of several social activities, including religious gatherings. In Russia, the peak of the pandemic coincided with the central period in the Orthodox calendar – the last week of Lent and Easter. As the Patriarch blessed stay-at-home politics, churches were officially closed for everybody but the clergy, and live streams of services on social media were organized; believers had to adapt swiftly to a new mode of copresence in church by participating in services online. To do this, they had to make a choice from the places from which the live stream was organized, transform the space of their homes to accommodate sacrality of the event, rethink the locality of their own body in being instantly at home and “in church”, and manage communication with the priest, fellow parishioners, and family members during Easter night. This involved subtle mechanisms of balancing authority within the network of sacred objects, gadgets, and people. Based on digital ethnography (including participant observation online) and 40 in-depth interviews, the paper investigates how believers constructed and reflected the space of the Easter service in their homes, and presents three key strategies: synchronization, spacing, and appellation to experience.","PeriodicalId":42641,"journal":{"name":"Folklore-Electronic Journal of Folklore","volume":"41 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2022-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"75246697","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-12-01DOI: 10.7592/fejf2022.87.balatonyi
Judit Balatonyi
International sociological research based on demographic data has shown that the COVID-19 pandemic significantly shaped the way of getting married. According to this research, varying from minimal to dramatic, there was a decrease in marriage rates worldwide. The marriage rate in Hungary showed a different picture. The number of weddings increased by 3%. It can also be seen that the number of marriages per month during the pandemic tended to decrease in periods of severe restrictions and lockdowns and to increase in periods of temporary loosening. While the period of restrictions was characterized by civil ceremonies and micro-weddings, the period of loosening the restrictions saw a mixture of large and tiny weddings, with or without civil marriages. So, people did not postpone or proceed with their weddings but tried to stick to their original plans despite, or rather besides, the changed circumstances; or, abandoning certain expectations and inventing new ones, they rescheduled their wedding. Based on my digital anthropological research, this paper raises questions: why did some people get married during the lockdown periods, or why did others postpone their weddings until after the restrictions were loosened? In the following, I aim to explore the modified wedding practices adapted to newer circumstances and analyze the ways of selecting and constituting the wedding “tradition” (“bricolage of traditions”).
{"title":"Love in the Time of Coronavirus: Innovation and Tradition in the World of Quarantine Weddings","authors":"Judit Balatonyi","doi":"10.7592/fejf2022.87.balatonyi","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.7592/fejf2022.87.balatonyi","url":null,"abstract":"International sociological research based on demographic data has shown that the COVID-19 pandemic significantly shaped the way of getting married. According to this research, varying from minimal to dramatic, there was a decrease in marriage rates worldwide. The marriage rate in Hungary showed a different picture. The number of weddings increased by 3%. It can also be seen that the number of marriages per month during the pandemic tended to decrease in periods of severe restrictions and lockdowns and to increase in periods of temporary loosening. While the period of restrictions was characterized by civil ceremonies and micro-weddings, the period of loosening the restrictions saw a mixture of large and tiny weddings, with or without civil marriages. So, people did not postpone or proceed with their weddings but tried to stick to their original plans despite, or rather besides, the changed circumstances; or, abandoning certain expectations and inventing new ones, they rescheduled their wedding. Based on my digital anthropological research, this paper raises questions: why did some people get married during the lockdown periods, or why did others postpone their weddings until after the restrictions were loosened? In the following, I aim to explore the modified wedding practices adapted to newer circumstances and analyze the ways of selecting and constituting the wedding “tradition” (“bricolage of traditions”).","PeriodicalId":42641,"journal":{"name":"Folklore-Electronic Journal of Folklore","volume":"387 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2022-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"77679473","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-12-01DOI: 10.7592/fejf2022.87.sedakova
I. Sedakova
The paper offers an interdisciplinary ethnolinguistic and semiotic analysis of the Bulgarian calendric prohibitions and the consequences of violating them. Special attention is paid to linguistic data – the chrononyms which characterize these days as ambivalent, both blessed and malevolent, days which must be observed as work-free and free from other types of activity. Folk etymology of some terms for holidays reveals how language constructs the calendric order and offers an insight into the ritual restrictions of some feasts. The list of bans in an ethnographic context is scrutinized according to which holidays are “dangerous”, who is the subject of the bans, and what punishment will follow for breaking the rules. Holidays for which non-observance is most seriously punished are Christian calendric feasts which often have many pre-Christian elements and occasionally reflect the cult of animals. Many restrictions affect women only, especially those who are pregnant and mothers, as they concern female biological and social functions. Folklore parallels to the theme of the article are investigated and a poetic means of depicting the punishment for the sins is shown. A reverse development of the motif of ‘sin and punishment’ is represented in the songs about Saint Nedelia, who does not punish the sinners but suffers herself because people work on ‘her days’, Sundays. Some of the bans and recommendations relevant for calendric rituals are still evident in Bulgarian society, confirming the continuation of certain features of the archaic worldview. The paper is based on field research data collected by the author during the last three decades and on published and archival materials.
{"title":"Calendric Feast Bans and the Punishment for Violating Them in the Bulgarian Traditional Culture","authors":"I. Sedakova","doi":"10.7592/fejf2022.87.sedakova","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.7592/fejf2022.87.sedakova","url":null,"abstract":"The paper offers an interdisciplinary ethnolinguistic and semiotic analysis of the Bulgarian calendric prohibitions and the consequences of violating them. Special attention is paid to linguistic data – the chrononyms which characterize these days as ambivalent, both blessed and malevolent, days which must be observed as work-free and free from other types of activity. Folk etymology of some terms for holidays reveals how language constructs the calendric order and offers an insight into the ritual restrictions of some feasts. The list of bans in an ethnographic context is scrutinized according to which holidays are “dangerous”, who is the subject of the bans, and what punishment will follow for breaking the rules. Holidays for which non-observance is most seriously punished are Christian calendric feasts which often have many pre-Christian elements and occasionally reflect the cult of animals. Many restrictions affect women only, especially those who are pregnant and mothers, as they concern female biological and social functions. Folklore parallels to the theme of the article are investigated and a poetic means of depicting the punishment for the sins is shown. A reverse development of the motif of ‘sin and punishment’ is represented in the songs about Saint Nedelia, who does not punish the sinners but suffers herself because people work on ‘her days’, Sundays. Some of the bans and recommendations relevant for calendric rituals are still evident in Bulgarian society, confirming the continuation of certain features of the archaic worldview. The paper is based on field research data collected by the author during the last three decades and on published and archival materials.","PeriodicalId":42641,"journal":{"name":"Folklore-Electronic Journal of Folklore","volume":"8 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2022-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"78968442","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-08-01DOI: 10.7592/fejf2022.86.tuisk
A. Tuisk
This article gives a folkloristic insight into how cinema and films influenced Estonian children’s culture in the late 1940s and in the 1950s. During this period, Estonia was occupied by the Soviet Union. Due to the lack of Soviet film production at that time, the cinemas began to show American, German, and other films of the 1930s, so-called foreign films or trophies. The post-World War II trophy films, which differed from Soviet films in both themes and images, but also ideals, characters, and soundtrack, became box-office hits. The source material comes from the relevant essays sent to the Estonian Folklore Archives at the Estonian Literary Museum. As memories show, cinema and films had a strong influence on children and young people. Trophy films had an impact on children’s culture, and children’s games and activities found inspiration in them. Children build the culture of their peers, being both consumers of the culture and creating a culture of their own based on the culture of adults. Adult films helped them to socialise and take part in cultural exchanges.
{"title":"Children as Consumers and Co-Creators of Cultural Products: The Impact of Foreign Films on Estonian Children’s Culture in the 1950s","authors":"A. Tuisk","doi":"10.7592/fejf2022.86.tuisk","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.7592/fejf2022.86.tuisk","url":null,"abstract":"This article gives a folkloristic insight into how cinema and films influenced Estonian children’s culture in the late 1940s and in the 1950s. During this period, Estonia was occupied by the Soviet Union. Due to the lack of Soviet film production at that time, the cinemas began to show American, German, and other films of the 1930s, so-called foreign films or trophies. The post-World War II trophy films, which differed from Soviet films in both themes and images, but also ideals, characters, and soundtrack, became box-office hits. The source material comes from the relevant essays sent to the Estonian Folklore Archives at the Estonian Literary Museum. As memories show, cinema and films had a strong influence on children and young people. Trophy films had an impact on children’s culture, and children’s games and activities found inspiration in them. Children build the culture of their peers, being both consumers of the culture and creating a culture of their own based on the culture of adults. Adult films helped them to socialise and take part in cultural exchanges.","PeriodicalId":42641,"journal":{"name":"Folklore-Electronic Journal of Folklore","volume":"51 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2022-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"90959002","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-08-01DOI: 10.7592/fejf2022.86.hiiemae_tins
R. Hiiemäe, Andrus Tins
The article looks at the dynamics of the media and real life in relation to the so-called dangerous folklore of teenagers, which includes, for example, contacts with aggressive (semi-)supernatural fear creatures, frightening experiences in abandoned houses and notions of so-called suicide games. The authors analyse the interactions between media reality and youth behaviour and related developments in folklore. It is concluded that the presentation of media information in the form of moral panic mainly based on the concept of young people’s vulnerability, which focuses on extreme risk examples, does not support safer coping, but focuses only on certain types of risk behaviour, often ignoring other concerns and the complexity of problems but also natural self-protecting mechanisms of the youth.
{"title":"Suicide Games, Abandoned Houses, and Thirst For Danger: The Youth’s Personal Experience Narratives and the Media’s Moral Panics about Semi-Supernatural Challenges in Estonia","authors":"R. Hiiemäe, Andrus Tins","doi":"10.7592/fejf2022.86.hiiemae_tins","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.7592/fejf2022.86.hiiemae_tins","url":null,"abstract":"The article looks at the dynamics of the media and real life in relation to the so-called dangerous folklore of teenagers, which includes, for example, contacts with aggressive (semi-)supernatural fear creatures, frightening experiences in abandoned houses and notions of so-called suicide games. The authors analyse the interactions between media reality and youth behaviour and related developments in folklore. It is concluded that the presentation of media information in the form of moral panic mainly based on the concept of young people’s vulnerability, which focuses on extreme risk examples, does not support safer coping, but focuses only on certain types of risk behaviour, often ignoring other concerns and the complexity of problems but also natural self-protecting mechanisms of the youth.","PeriodicalId":42641,"journal":{"name":"Folklore-Electronic Journal of Folklore","volume":"16 2 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2022-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"80416021","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
京公网安备 11010802042870号
京ICP备2023020795号-1
扫码关注我们
求助内容：
应助结果提醒方式：