The zero draft, often termed as the preliminary, unpolished version of a research paper, holds a pivotal role in the research process. Despite its initial status, this early draft offers myriad benefits to researchers. One crucial advantage is its ability to enhance clarity of thought. It compels authors to critically evaluate their research question, objectives, and methodologies, ensuring focused and purposeful work [1]. Additionally, it aids in identifying gaps in the research, shedding light on areas requiring further development or exploration. Furthermore, crafting a zero draft promotes efficiency in time management, providing authors with a clear blueprint for judicious resource allocation. Overcoming writer's block is another advantage, as this initial draft breaks down the task into manageable segments, facilitating the writing process. Moreover, a well-crafted zero draft can serve as a robust foundation for potential publication in academic journals or conferences [1]. To create an effective zero draft, researchers should follow a methodical approach. This involves defining the research question, establishing a comprehensive outline, presenting data or findings succinctly, providing detailed descriptions of research methods, summarising pertinent literature, highlighting contributions to the field, offering a preliminary analysis of discoveries, proposing potential avenues for future research, and ensuring accurate citation of all sources while actively seeking feedback from peers [2]. In conclusion, the zero draft, though initially raw, plays a pivotal role in the research process. It fosters clarity of thought, aids in identifying research gaps, promotes collaboration, streamlines time management, assists in overcoming writer's block, and lays the groundwork for potential publication. By adhering to a systematic approach, researchers can fully harness the potential of their zero drafts to advance their research endeavors effectively.
{"title":"Zero Draft: A First Step in Research Writing","authors":"Waqar Naqvi, Purva Gulrandhe","doi":"10.58600/eurjther1815","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.58600/eurjther1815","url":null,"abstract":"The zero draft, often termed as the preliminary, unpolished version of a research paper, holds a pivotal role in the research process. Despite its initial status, this early draft offers myriad benefits to researchers. One crucial advantage is its ability to enhance clarity of thought. It compels authors to critically evaluate their research question, objectives, and methodologies, ensuring focused and purposeful work [1]. Additionally, it aids in identifying gaps in the research, shedding light on areas requiring further development or exploration. Furthermore, crafting a zero draft promotes efficiency in time management, providing authors with a clear blueprint for judicious resource allocation. Overcoming writer's block is another advantage, as this initial draft breaks down the task into manageable segments, facilitating the writing process. Moreover, a well-crafted zero draft can serve as a robust foundation for potential publication in academic journals or conferences [1]. To create an effective zero draft, researchers should follow a methodical approach. This involves defining the research question, establishing a comprehensive outline, presenting data or findings succinctly, providing detailed descriptions of research methods, summarising pertinent literature, highlighting contributions to the field, offering a preliminary analysis of discoveries, proposing potential avenues for future research, and ensuring accurate citation of all sources while actively seeking feedback from peers [2]. In conclusion, the zero draft, though initially raw, plays a pivotal role in the research process. It fosters clarity of thought, aids in identifying research gaps, promotes collaboration, streamlines time management, assists in overcoming writer's block, and lays the groundwork for potential publication. By adhering to a systematic approach, researchers can fully harness the potential of their zero drafts to advance their research endeavors effectively.","PeriodicalId":42642,"journal":{"name":"European Journal of Therapeutics","volume":"49 6","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-11-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135584910","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Dear Editors, Recently, a fascinating article detailing the evolution of Artificial Intelligence (AI) was published, as the article describes it with the bronze creature Talos from ancient Greek myths and the groundbreaking DaVinci Si and DaVinci Xi surgical systems of the modern era [1]. The interaction of ancient myths and medical technology shows how far we have come but how deeply we remain connected to our past. As the article emphasizes, Talos, described in ancient Greek literature, may be the world's first recorded concept of an automaton with Artificial Intelligence capability. Talos, created by the god Hephaestus, used his bronze form and inner fire to patrol the coasts of Crete and deter invaders [2]. The story of a machine that moves independently, driven by an energy source and following specific instructions, is astoundingly pioneering [2]. It is interesting to think that robots, an idea we usually think of as a modern concept, were present in the imagination of ancient civilizations. Leonardo da Vinci's robot knight is a moving tribute to the versatile genius of the Renaissance [3]. However, since its operation depends on external intelligence, it is not a direct precursor to the AI we know today. The article makes this distinction. However, A claim that has been presented is open to discussion. Naming AI surgical tower da Vinci is misleading, article suggests. Although Leonardo's automaton was not autonomous, its extensive notebooks testify to a questioning and innovative mind that was always pushing boundaries. In this sense, it feels appropriate to mention the name of Da Vinci, a technological marvel. The underlying sentiment is concurred with. Hephaestus' creation of Talos offers a more direct line to the concept of autonomous machines and perhaps it deserves a more prominent position in the story of the history of Artificial Intelligence. Highlighting this overlooked intersection of mythology, history, and technology is commendable. Such discussions highlight the importance of understanding our past while understanding our rapidly evolving present and future. Sincerely yours,
{"title":"From Ancient Mythology to Modern Technology: The Historical Evolution of Artificial Intelligence","authors":"Yaşar Kemal Duymaz, Şamil Şahin","doi":"10.58600/eurjther1895","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.58600/eurjther1895","url":null,"abstract":"Dear Editors, Recently, a fascinating article detailing the evolution of Artificial Intelligence (AI) was published, as the article describes it with the bronze creature Talos from ancient Greek myths and the groundbreaking DaVinci Si and DaVinci Xi surgical systems of the modern era [1]. The interaction of ancient myths and medical technology shows how far we have come but how deeply we remain connected to our past. As the article emphasizes, Talos, described in ancient Greek literature, may be the world's first recorded concept of an automaton with Artificial Intelligence capability. Talos, created by the god Hephaestus, used his bronze form and inner fire to patrol the coasts of Crete and deter invaders [2]. The story of a machine that moves independently, driven by an energy source and following specific instructions, is astoundingly pioneering [2]. It is interesting to think that robots, an idea we usually think of as a modern concept, were present in the imagination of ancient civilizations. Leonardo da Vinci's robot knight is a moving tribute to the versatile genius of the Renaissance [3]. However, since its operation depends on external intelligence, it is not a direct precursor to the AI we know today. The article makes this distinction. However, A claim that has been presented is open to discussion. Naming AI surgical tower da Vinci is misleading, article suggests. Although Leonardo's automaton was not autonomous, its extensive notebooks testify to a questioning and innovative mind that was always pushing boundaries. In this sense, it feels appropriate to mention the name of Da Vinci, a technological marvel. The underlying sentiment is concurred with. Hephaestus' creation of Talos offers a more direct line to the concept of autonomous machines and perhaps it deserves a more prominent position in the story of the history of Artificial Intelligence. Highlighting this overlooked intersection of mythology, history, and technology is commendable. Such discussions highlight the importance of understanding our past while understanding our rapidly evolving present and future. Sincerely yours,","PeriodicalId":42642,"journal":{"name":"European Journal of Therapeutics","volume":"49 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-11-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135634650","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Objective: In this study, it was investigated how chronic exercise affects hippocampus tissue damage and ZnT3 levels in diabetic rats. Methods: The 40 adult rats wereused in the study were divided into 4 equal groups: Control (G1), Exercise Control (G2), Diabetes (G3), Diabetes+Exercise (G4). Diabetes was induced in animals in G3 and G4 by injecting intraperitoneal streptozotocin (STZ) twice, 24 hours apart. The animals in G2 and G4 were runedon the rat treadmill for 45 minutes daily for 4 weeks. MDA (spectrophotometric method) and ZnT3 (ELISA method) levels were determined in hippocampus tissue samples obtained from animals sacrificed at the end of the experimental procedures. Results: In the current study, the highest MDA and lowest ZnT3 levels in the hippocampus tissue were obtained in the diabetes group (G3) (P<0.05). Chronic exercise prevented increased hippocampal tissue damage in diabetic rats and reversed decreased ZnT3 levels (P<0.05). Conclusion: The results of our study showed that 4 weeks of chronic exercise could be prevent increased tissue damage in the hippocampus tissue of diabetic rats and ameliorate the decreased ZnT3 levels. The data obtained in this study indicate that ZnT3 levels in diabetic rats may be an indicator of hippocampal tissue damage.
{"title":"Hippocampal ZnT3 (SLC30A3) Levels Reflect Hippocampal Tissue Damage in Chronic Exercising Diabetic Rats","authors":"Abdulkerim Kasim Baltaci, Mehmet Yasli, Saltuk Bugra Baltaci, Rasim Mogulkoc, Esma Menevse, Omer Unal","doi":"10.58600/eurjther1874","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.58600/eurjther1874","url":null,"abstract":"Objective: In this study, it was investigated how chronic exercise affects hippocampus tissue damage and ZnT3 levels in diabetic rats. Methods: The 40 adult rats wereused in the study were divided into 4 equal groups: Control (G1), Exercise Control (G2), Diabetes (G3), Diabetes+Exercise (G4). Diabetes was induced in animals in G3 and G4 by injecting intraperitoneal streptozotocin (STZ) twice, 24 hours apart. The animals in G2 and G4 were runedon the rat treadmill for 45 minutes daily for 4 weeks. MDA (spectrophotometric method) and ZnT3 (ELISA method) levels were determined in hippocampus tissue samples obtained from animals sacrificed at the end of the experimental procedures. Results: In the current study, the highest MDA and lowest ZnT3 levels in the hippocampus tissue were obtained in the diabetes group (G3) (P<0.05). Chronic exercise prevented increased hippocampal tissue damage in diabetic rats and reversed decreased ZnT3 levels (P<0.05). Conclusion: The results of our study showed that 4 weeks of chronic exercise could be prevent increased tissue damage in the hippocampus tissue of diabetic rats and ameliorate the decreased ZnT3 levels. The data obtained in this study indicate that ZnT3 levels in diabetic rats may be an indicator of hippocampal tissue damage.","PeriodicalId":42642,"journal":{"name":"European Journal of Therapeutics","volume":"38 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-11-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135584477","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Ricardo Grillo, Alexandre Borba, Mariana Brozoski, Kamran Ali, Sahand Samieirad, Essam Al-Moraissi, Maria da Graça Naclério-Homem
Objectives: The aim of this study is to analyze the incidence, causes and consequences of head and maxillofacial injuries in the 2022 FIFA World Cup. Methods: This retrospective study, following the STROBE guideline, conducted an online investigation during the 2022 World Cup, with a specific focus on injuries resulting in player substitutions or absences of at least one match. To mitigate potential injury exaggeration, journalistic reports were prioritized over video analysis. The analysis of injuries involved the utilization of descriptive statistics, the Kolmogorov-Smirnov test, and the Pearson correlation test, with a significance threshold set at p<0.05. The analytical tools Microsoft Excel and RStudio were employed. Comparative insights were derived from previous FIFA World Cup data; however, injuries lacking sufficient recovery time were classified as preseason injuries, potentially introducing an element of bias to the analysis. Results: During the FIFA World Cup 2022, a comprehensive analysis revealed a total of 123 injuries leading to player substitutions or subsequent game absences, of which seven were localized in the head or maxillofacial region. Statistical analysis indicated a departure from normal data distribution, and a robust correlation was observed between the number of players in national leagues and injury incidence. Noteworthy is the participation of 42 distinct national soccer leagues in contributing players to the tournament's national squads, with no specific league demonstrating a predisposition to higher injury rates. Within the dataset, three maxillofacial injuries were identified. It is of interest that five athletes opted for facemasks as protective measures for the maxillofacial region, and remarkably, only one of them experienced an injury during the World Cup but subsequently resumed play in subsequent matches, while the remaining four athletes had sustained injuries prior to the tournament. Conclusion: The 2022 FIFA World Cup was associated with a low number of head and maxillofacial injuries, with collisions with other players being the most common cause. Despite their limited occurrence, these injuries can have severe implications. In response to the increase in concussions, FIFA implemented an improved safety protocol, which involves immediate game halts for medical assessment and allows player substitutions without affecting the team's allotted substitutions. This change has been well-received by stakeholders. Furthermore, the use of protective equipment, such as custom-made shields, is growing in popularity and has the potential to reduce injury severity and shorten recovery time. Modern technology enables the creation of comfortable and effective protective gear, enhancing player safety. Overall, the study emphasizes the importance of injury prevention strategies in sports, calling for continued advancements in protective equipment design and increased transparency in injury reporting.
{"title":"Retrospective Analysis of Head and Maxillofacial Injuries: FIFA World Cup 2022 Report","authors":"Ricardo Grillo, Alexandre Borba, Mariana Brozoski, Kamran Ali, Sahand Samieirad, Essam Al-Moraissi, Maria da Graça Naclério-Homem","doi":"10.58600/eurjther1873","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.58600/eurjther1873","url":null,"abstract":"Objectives: The aim of this study is to analyze the incidence, causes and consequences of head and maxillofacial injuries in the 2022 FIFA World Cup. Methods: This retrospective study, following the STROBE guideline, conducted an online investigation during the 2022 World Cup, with a specific focus on injuries resulting in player substitutions or absences of at least one match. To mitigate potential injury exaggeration, journalistic reports were prioritized over video analysis. The analysis of injuries involved the utilization of descriptive statistics, the Kolmogorov-Smirnov test, and the Pearson correlation test, with a significance threshold set at p<0.05. The analytical tools Microsoft Excel and RStudio were employed. Comparative insights were derived from previous FIFA World Cup data; however, injuries lacking sufficient recovery time were classified as preseason injuries, potentially introducing an element of bias to the analysis. Results: During the FIFA World Cup 2022, a comprehensive analysis revealed a total of 123 injuries leading to player substitutions or subsequent game absences, of which seven were localized in the head or maxillofacial region. Statistical analysis indicated a departure from normal data distribution, and a robust correlation was observed between the number of players in national leagues and injury incidence. Noteworthy is the participation of 42 distinct national soccer leagues in contributing players to the tournament's national squads, with no specific league demonstrating a predisposition to higher injury rates. Within the dataset, three maxillofacial injuries were identified. It is of interest that five athletes opted for facemasks as protective measures for the maxillofacial region, and remarkably, only one of them experienced an injury during the World Cup but subsequently resumed play in subsequent matches, while the remaining four athletes had sustained injuries prior to the tournament. Conclusion: The 2022 FIFA World Cup was associated with a low number of head and maxillofacial injuries, with collisions with other players being the most common cause. Despite their limited occurrence, these injuries can have severe implications. In response to the increase in concussions, FIFA implemented an improved safety protocol, which involves immediate game halts for medical assessment and allows player substitutions without affecting the team's allotted substitutions. This change has been well-received by stakeholders. Furthermore, the use of protective equipment, such as custom-made shields, is growing in popularity and has the potential to reduce injury severity and shorten recovery time. Modern technology enables the creation of comfortable and effective protective gear, enhancing player safety. Overall, the study emphasizes the importance of injury prevention strategies in sports, calling for continued advancements in protective equipment design and increased transparency in injury reporting.","PeriodicalId":42642,"journal":{"name":"European Journal of Therapeutics","volume":"72 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135993278","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Hasan Aksoy, Filiz Cebeci Kahraman, Melek Aslan Kayıran, Vefa Aslı Erdemir, Mehmet Salih Gürel, Bengü Çobanoğlu Şimşek
Dear Editor, Eccrine poroma stands as a benign adnexal neoplasm that originates from the acrosyringium. It typically emerges as solitary, flesh-colored, or erythematous papules, plaques, or nodules, primarily appearing in areas with sweat glands. As well as pigmented lesions, dermoscopy has proven to enhance the clinical diagnosis of numerous non-pigmented skin tumors, including eccrine poroma. Herein we present a case of eccrine poroma located on the dorsal aspect of the left foot, with characteristic dermoscopic features. A 60-year-old woman was admitted with an asymptomatic lesion on the dorsum of her left foot, which had manifested approximately four years before. Clinically, the lesion presented as a well-circumscribed, violaceous, 0.9x0.9 cm papule (Figure 1a). Dermoscopic examination revealed flower-like and leaf-like vascular patterns, white interlacing areas, glomerular vessels, and milky red globules (Figures 1c-d). The lesion was excised and histopathologic findings were consistent with eccrine poroma (Figure 1b). Eccrine poroma (EP) is an adnexal tumor originating in the intraepidermal part of the eccrine sweat gland duct. Dermoscopy and histopathology help to differentiate EP from pyogenic granuloma, seborrheic keratosis, verruca vulgaris, basal cell carcinoma, squamous cell carcinoma, and amelanotic melanoma. Well-defined dermoscopic features in EP are: White interlacing areas around vessels, milky-red globules, flower-like and leaf-like vascular patterns, glomerular vessels, hairpin vessels, yellow structureless areas, poorly visualized vessels, and well-circumscribed globular or lacuna-like structures separated by white to pink mesh bands [1-3]. Histologically, EP manifests as a well-contained tumor constituted of proliferative cuboidal or poroid cells, often extending from the basal epidermis into the dermal layer. Shave, electrosurgical destruction or simple excision may be the treatment of lesions, depending on the depth of the lesion. Kind Regards
{"title":"Dermoscopic Diagnosis of a Non-Pigmented Skin Tumor: Eccrine Poroma","authors":"Hasan Aksoy, Filiz Cebeci Kahraman, Melek Aslan Kayıran, Vefa Aslı Erdemir, Mehmet Salih Gürel, Bengü Çobanoğlu Şimşek","doi":"10.58600/eurjther1886","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.58600/eurjther1886","url":null,"abstract":"Dear Editor, Eccrine poroma stands as a benign adnexal neoplasm that originates from the acrosyringium. It typically emerges as solitary, flesh-colored, or erythematous papules, plaques, or nodules, primarily appearing in areas with sweat glands. As well as pigmented lesions, dermoscopy has proven to enhance the clinical diagnosis of numerous non-pigmented skin tumors, including eccrine poroma. Herein we present a case of eccrine poroma located on the dorsal aspect of the left foot, with characteristic dermoscopic features. A 60-year-old woman was admitted with an asymptomatic lesion on the dorsum of her left foot, which had manifested approximately four years before. Clinically, the lesion presented as a well-circumscribed, violaceous, 0.9x0.9 cm papule (Figure 1a). Dermoscopic examination revealed flower-like and leaf-like vascular patterns, white interlacing areas, glomerular vessels, and milky red globules (Figures 1c-d). The lesion was excised and histopathologic findings were consistent with eccrine poroma (Figure 1b). Eccrine poroma (EP) is an adnexal tumor originating in the intraepidermal part of the eccrine sweat gland duct. Dermoscopy and histopathology help to differentiate EP from pyogenic granuloma, seborrheic keratosis, verruca vulgaris, basal cell carcinoma, squamous cell carcinoma, and amelanotic melanoma. Well-defined dermoscopic features in EP are: White interlacing areas around vessels, milky-red globules, flower-like and leaf-like vascular patterns, glomerular vessels, hairpin vessels, yellow structureless areas, poorly visualized vessels, and well-circumscribed globular or lacuna-like structures separated by white to pink mesh bands [1-3]. Histologically, EP manifests as a well-contained tumor constituted of proliferative cuboidal or poroid cells, often extending from the basal epidermis into the dermal layer. Shave, electrosurgical destruction or simple excision may be the treatment of lesions, depending on the depth of the lesion. Kind Regards","PeriodicalId":42642,"journal":{"name":"European Journal of Therapeutics","volume":"8 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135993282","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Objective: This study aims to evaluate the importance of endodontic root canal sealers in filling cavities and irregularities in root canals with the primary goal of minimizing or eliminating bacterial residues. Despite this crucial objective, it's noteworthy that several conventional sealers have been linked to adverse effects, such as impaired wound healing, inflammation, and bone resorption. Therefore, there is a constant search for an optimal sealer that can effectively mimic the properties of lost tissue while maintaining an acceptable level of biological, physicochemical and biocompatible properties. The present study analyzes bioceramic cement's properties in endodontics through a comprehensive review of the available literature. Also, to evaluate the beneficial properties and characteristics of the biomaterials highlighted in this work. Methods: The present study used a systematic review approach to conduct a comprehensive literature search to find relevant publications on bioceramic cement properties in the endodontics field. Articles were retrieved using MeSH keywords and digital searches of journal websites. The selected studies were examined to extract data on sealability, bioactivity, pH, cytotoxicity, color change, radiopacity, edge adaptation, adhesive strength, antibacterial properties and biocompatibility. Results: The results of the reviewed research show that bioceramic endodontic cement has favorable properties for the therapeutic treatment of root canals. The literature highlights the material's biocompatibility, low cytotoxicity, bioactivity, radiopacity, appropriate pH value, favorable edge adaptation, high adhesive strength, practical sealability, antibacterial properties and minimal color change. Conclusion: Research results to date indicate that biomaterials used in endodontics have beneficial properties for root canal therapy and mimicking natural tissue regeneration. The beneficial properties of these materials, such as their biocompatibility, bioactivity, radiopacity, pH stability, edge conformability, adhesion strength, sealability and antibacterial properties, make it a promising replacement for traditional sealers. Further studies are needed to investigate the extended clinical effectiveness of the above intervention and to refine its composition to improve the outcomes associated with endodontic therapies.
{"title":"Current Bio-based Cements and Radioactive Opacifiers in Endodontic Approaches: A Review of the Materials Used in Clinical Practice","authors":"A.Najah Saud, Erkan Koç, Olcay Özdemir","doi":"10.58600/eurjther1849","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.58600/eurjther1849","url":null,"abstract":"Objective: This study aims to evaluate the importance of endodontic root canal sealers in filling cavities and irregularities in root canals with the primary goal of minimizing or eliminating bacterial residues. Despite this crucial objective, it's noteworthy that several conventional sealers have been linked to adverse effects, such as impaired wound healing, inflammation, and bone resorption. Therefore, there is a constant search for an optimal sealer that can effectively mimic the properties of lost tissue while maintaining an acceptable level of biological, physicochemical and biocompatible properties. The present study analyzes bioceramic cement's properties in endodontics through a comprehensive review of the available literature. Also, to evaluate the beneficial properties and characteristics of the biomaterials highlighted in this work. Methods: The present study used a systematic review approach to conduct a comprehensive literature search to find relevant publications on bioceramic cement properties in the endodontics field. Articles were retrieved using MeSH keywords and digital searches of journal websites. The selected studies were examined to extract data on sealability, bioactivity, pH, cytotoxicity, color change, radiopacity, edge adaptation, adhesive strength, antibacterial properties and biocompatibility. Results: The results of the reviewed research show that bioceramic endodontic cement has favorable properties for the therapeutic treatment of root canals. The literature highlights the material's biocompatibility, low cytotoxicity, bioactivity, radiopacity, appropriate pH value, favorable edge adaptation, high adhesive strength, practical sealability, antibacterial properties and minimal color change. Conclusion: Research results to date indicate that biomaterials used in endodontics have beneficial properties for root canal therapy and mimicking natural tissue regeneration. The beneficial properties of these materials, such as their biocompatibility, bioactivity, radiopacity, pH stability, edge conformability, adhesion strength, sealability and antibacterial properties, make it a promising replacement for traditional sealers. Further studies are needed to investigate the extended clinical effectiveness of the above intervention and to refine its composition to improve the outcomes associated with endodontic therapies.","PeriodicalId":42642,"journal":{"name":"European Journal of Therapeutics","volume":"197 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135197946","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Objective: Regardless of their specialty, physicians frequently encounter dermatological conditions. We aimed to determine the topical medication choices of physicians for various dermatoses and to identify differences in preferences between dermatologists and non-dermatologist physicians.
Methods: Using an online survey, physicians were asked to select three preferred topical antibiotics/antiseptics, antifungals, and corticosteroids when treating a pyoderma, dermatophytosis, or a dermatosis necessitating topical corticosteroid therapy. Statistical analysis was performed using Statistical Package for the Social Sciences v.27.
Results: Among 358 physicians, 24.0% were dermatologists, and 76.0% were non-dermatologist physicians. The mean age was 38.40, and the average duration of medical practice was 14.04 years. The most frequently chosen topical antibacterials were fusidic acid (74.3%) and mupirocin (65.9%); topical antifungals were isoconazole nitrate + diflucortolone valerate (56.4%), tioconazole (27.7%), and naftifine (25.1%); and topical corticosteroids were clobetasol propionate (38.5%), methylprednisolone aceponate (36.6%), and mometasone furoate (34.6%). Dermatologists used nitrofurazone and izokonazol nitrate + diflucortolone valerate less frequently compared to non-dermatologists (0% vs. 27.6% and 8.1% vs. 71.7%, respectively; p-values <0.001). Family physicians/general practitioners constituted the largest group selecting clobetasol propionate (28.3%).
Conclusion: Physicians in our country predominantly choose fusidic acid and mupirocin as topical antibiotics, aligning with existing literature. However, nitrofurazone, causing contact dermatitis, and corticosteroid-containing antifungals with the potential for complications due to inappropriate use are frequently preferred by non-dermatologist physicians but not by dermatologists. The bold choice of clobetasol propionate, an ultrapotent topical corticosteroid, by family physicians/general practitioners is an important issue to address during medical education and post-graduation.
目的:无论他们的专业是什么，医生经常会遇到皮肤病。我们的目的是确定医生对各种皮肤病的局部用药选择，并确定皮肤科医生和非皮肤科医生之间偏好的差异。
方法:通过在线调查，医生被要求在治疗脓皮病、皮肤病或需要局部皮质类固醇治疗的皮肤病时，选择三种首选的局部抗生素/防腐剂、抗真菌药和皮质类固醇。使用Statistical Package for the Social Sciences v.27.
进行统计分析;结果:358名医师中皮肤科医师占24.0%，非皮肤科医师占76.0%。平均年龄38.40岁，平均执业时间14.04年。最常选择的外用抗菌药物是福西地酸(74.3%)和莫匹罗星(65.9%);外用抗真菌药物为硝酸异康唑+戊酸双氟落酮(56.4%)、噻康唑(27.7%)和纳替芬(25.1%);外用皮质类固醇为丙酸氯倍他索(38.5%)、乙酰甲泼尼龙(36.6%)和糠酸莫米松(34.6%)。与非皮肤科医生相比，皮肤科医生使用硝基呋喃酮和硝酸异康唑+戊酸双氟落酮的频率较低(分别为0%对27.6%和8.1%对71.7%;假定值& lt; 0.001)。家庭医生/全科医生是选择丙酸氯倍他索的最大群体(28.3%)。
结论:我国内科医生主要选择夫西地酸和莫匹罗星作为外用抗生素，与已有文献一致。然而，引起接触性皮炎的硝基呋喃酮和含有皮质类固醇的抗真菌药物，由于使用不当可能导致并发症，通常是非皮肤科医生的首选，而不是皮肤科医生的首选。家庭医生/全科医生大胆选择丙酸氯倍他索(一种超强效外用皮质类固醇)是医学教育和毕业后需要解决的一个重要问题。
{"title":"Comparison of Topical Treatment Preferences of Physicians in Dermatological Diseases","authors":"Hasan Aksoy, Melek Aslan Kayıran, Hümeyra Özger","doi":"10.58600/eurjther1859","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.58600/eurjther1859","url":null,"abstract":"Objective: Regardless of their specialty, physicians frequently encounter dermatological conditions. We aimed to determine the topical medication choices of physicians for various dermatoses and to identify differences in preferences between dermatologists and non-dermatologist physicians.
 Methods: Using an online survey, physicians were asked to select three preferred topical antibiotics/antiseptics, antifungals, and corticosteroids when treating a pyoderma, dermatophytosis, or a dermatosis necessitating topical corticosteroid therapy. Statistical analysis was performed using Statistical Package for the Social Sciences v.27.
 Results: Among 358 physicians, 24.0% were dermatologists, and 76.0% were non-dermatologist physicians. The mean age was 38.40, and the average duration of medical practice was 14.04 years. The most frequently chosen topical antibacterials were fusidic acid (74.3%) and mupirocin (65.9%); topical antifungals were isoconazole nitrate + diflucortolone valerate (56.4%), tioconazole (27.7%), and naftifine (25.1%); and topical corticosteroids were clobetasol propionate (38.5%), methylprednisolone aceponate (36.6%), and mometasone furoate (34.6%). Dermatologists used nitrofurazone and izokonazol nitrate + diflucortolone valerate less frequently compared to non-dermatologists (0% vs. 27.6% and 8.1% vs. 71.7%, respectively; p-values <0.001). Family physicians/general practitioners constituted the largest group selecting clobetasol propionate (28.3%).
 Conclusion: Physicians in our country predominantly choose fusidic acid and mupirocin as topical antibiotics, aligning with existing literature. However, nitrofurazone, causing contact dermatitis, and corticosteroid-containing antifungals with the potential for complications due to inappropriate use are frequently preferred by non-dermatologist physicians but not by dermatologists. The bold choice of clobetasol propionate, an ultrapotent topical corticosteroid, by family physicians/general practitioners is an important issue to address during medical education and post-graduation.","PeriodicalId":42642,"journal":{"name":"European Journal of Therapeutics","volume":"129 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135549041","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Fatma Tortum, Ali Gur, Ayça Calbay, Omer Turalioglu, Erdal Tekin
Objective: To investigate whether patients’ end-tidal carbon dioxide (ETCO2) values measured at the time of their presentation to the emergency department can be used together with vital signs in determining their triage categories and predicting hospitalization. Material and method: This prospective, observational, cross-sectional study was conducted between May 1, 2023, and June 1, 2023, at the emergency department of a tertiary hospital. The study included patients aged >18 years who presented to the emergency department and were evaluated to have a triage category of level 2, 3, or 4 according to the five-step triage system. The patients’ vital signs were measured at the time of their presentation to the emergency department and the ETCO2 values measured through a nasal cannula were statistically evaluated in terms of their relationship with triage categories and hospitalization indications. Results: A total of 1,100 patients were included in the study. According to the triage category of the patients, the mean ETCO2 values for triage levels 2, 3, and 4 were 27.1±3.6, 30.6±3.1, and 35.4±3.5, respectively, indicating statistically significant differences (p<0.001). When the relationship of ETCO2 and vital signs with hospitalization indications evaluated at the emergency department was examined, the area under the receiver operating characteristic curve for ETCO2 was 0.733, which was statistically significant (p<0.001). Conclusion: On completion of the study, it was concluded that the ETCO2 values measured at the time of presentation to the emergency department can be a new vital sign that can be used to determine the triage categories of patients and identify those who require hospitalization.
{"title":"A New Vital Sign in Determining the Triage Category in Emergency Department Presentations: End-Tidal Carbon Dioxide","authors":"Fatma Tortum, Ali Gur, Ayça Calbay, Omer Turalioglu, Erdal Tekin","doi":"10.58600/eurjther1819","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.58600/eurjther1819","url":null,"abstract":"Objective: To investigate whether patients’ end-tidal carbon dioxide (ETCO2) values measured at the time of their presentation to the emergency department can be used together with vital signs in determining their triage categories and predicting hospitalization. Material and method: This prospective, observational, cross-sectional study was conducted between May 1, 2023, and June 1, 2023, at the emergency department of a tertiary hospital. The study included patients aged >18 years who presented to the emergency department and were evaluated to have a triage category of level 2, 3, or 4 according to the five-step triage system. The patients’ vital signs were measured at the time of their presentation to the emergency department and the ETCO2 values measured through a nasal cannula were statistically evaluated in terms of their relationship with triage categories and hospitalization indications. Results: A total of 1,100 patients were included in the study. According to the triage category of the patients, the mean ETCO2 values for triage levels 2, 3, and 4 were 27.1±3.6, 30.6±3.1, and 35.4±3.5, respectively, indicating statistically significant differences (p<0.001). When the relationship of ETCO2 and vital signs with hospitalization indications evaluated at the emergency department was examined, the area under the receiver operating characteristic curve for ETCO2 was 0.733, which was statistically significant (p<0.001). Conclusion: On completion of the study, it was concluded that the ETCO2 values measured at the time of presentation to the emergency department can be a new vital sign that can be used to determine the triage categories of patients and identify those who require hospitalization.","PeriodicalId":42642,"journal":{"name":"European Journal of Therapeutics","volume":"32 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135926245","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Background: Propensity score analysis is a widely used method to estimate treatment effect in dealing with the selection bias (i.e. lack of randomization) of observational studies. Although, there are relatively many guidelines in the literature for the adoption of this analysis, no checklists exist. Objective: In this study, we propose a basic guideline for propensity score analysis, a tutorial that may be used to improve the quality of studies which implement this analysis. Additionally, in line with this guideline, we present an easy-to-use checklist which will assist researchers in the analysis process. Conclusion: In light of the principles in this guideline/checklist, we propose that minor updates be considered for STROBE.
{"title":"An Introduction to Propensity Score Analysis: Checklist for Clinical Researches","authors":"Nazlı Totik, Sevinç Püren Yücel Karakaya, Zeliha Nazan Alparslan","doi":"10.58600/eurjther1813","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.58600/eurjther1813","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Propensity score analysis is a widely used method to estimate treatment effect in dealing with the selection bias (i.e. lack of randomization) of observational studies. Although, there are relatively many guidelines in the literature for the adoption of this analysis, no checklists exist. Objective: In this study, we propose a basic guideline for propensity score analysis, a tutorial that may be used to improve the quality of studies which implement this analysis. Additionally, in line with this guideline, we present an easy-to-use checklist which will assist researchers in the analysis process. Conclusion: In light of the principles in this guideline/checklist, we propose that minor updates be considered for STROBE.","PeriodicalId":42642,"journal":{"name":"European Journal of Therapeutics","volume":"332 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135966578","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Seyhun Sucu, Ozge Kömürcü Karuserci, İbrahim Taşkum, Furkan Çetin, Muhammed Hanifi Bademkıran, Hüseyin Çağlayan Özcan
Background: Gynecologists usually perform the laparoscopic closed-entry technique to access the intraperitoneal cavity, while general surgeons prefer the open-entry approach, which takes more time. This study aims to introduce and discuss the novel modified closed laparoscopic entry technique. This method involves cutting the fascia after the skin incision to allow only the Veress needle to enter, thus avoiding complications arising from the closed procedure. This approach may benefit safe and quick laparoscopic entry, especially for obese patients. Method of Technique: The current approach, which we call the modified closed Veress technique (MCVT), is a modification of the previously defined Veress needle entrance method. After the skin is cut, the subcutaneous fat tissue is released with the Mosquito clamp, the muscular fascia is held and hung with the Kocher clamp, and the incision is created large enough to insert the Veress needle. Then, the Veress needle is passed through the parietal peritoneum, the final step before reaching the intraperitoneal cavity. Results: In our Gynecology and Obstetrics clinic, the current technique for the first entrance to the intraperitoneal cavity was used in a total of 294 patients between the years 2019-2023. There were no intraoperative or postoperative complications associated with the current approach. Moreover, in 12 patients who failed with the standard closed technique, intraperitoneal gas charging was provided in the first trial with the MCVT. Conclusion: Because it is possibly as safe as the open technique and as quick as the standard closed technique, the MCVT may be one of the alternative techniques for the first laparoscopic entry into the peritoneal cavity to prevent complications and save time. Nevertheless, more thorough and patient-based prospective randomized research is required on this topic.
{"title":"A Modified Technique of Laparoscopic Closed-Entry by the Veress Needle: A Novel, Unique, Rapid, and Simple Procedure","authors":"Seyhun Sucu, Ozge Kömürcü Karuserci, İbrahim Taşkum, Furkan Çetin, Muhammed Hanifi Bademkıran, Hüseyin Çağlayan Özcan","doi":"10.58600/eurjther1846","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.58600/eurjther1846","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Gynecologists usually perform the laparoscopic closed-entry technique to access the intraperitoneal cavity, while general surgeons prefer the open-entry approach, which takes more time. This study aims to introduce and discuss the novel modified closed laparoscopic entry technique. This method involves cutting the fascia after the skin incision to allow only the Veress needle to enter, thus avoiding complications arising from the closed procedure. This approach may benefit safe and quick laparoscopic entry, especially for obese patients. Method of Technique: The current approach, which we call the modified closed Veress technique (MCVT), is a modification of the previously defined Veress needle entrance method. After the skin is cut, the subcutaneous fat tissue is released with the Mosquito clamp, the muscular fascia is held and hung with the Kocher clamp, and the incision is created large enough to insert the Veress needle. Then, the Veress needle is passed through the parietal peritoneum, the final step before reaching the intraperitoneal cavity. Results: In our Gynecology and Obstetrics clinic, the current technique for the first entrance to the intraperitoneal cavity was used in a total of 294 patients between the years 2019-2023. There were no intraoperative or postoperative complications associated with the current approach. Moreover, in 12 patients who failed with the standard closed technique, intraperitoneal gas charging was provided in the first trial with the MCVT. Conclusion: Because it is possibly as safe as the open technique and as quick as the standard closed technique, the MCVT may be one of the alternative techniques for the first laparoscopic entry into the peritoneal cavity to prevent complications and save time. Nevertheless, more thorough and patient-based prospective randomized research is required on this topic.","PeriodicalId":42642,"journal":{"name":"European Journal of Therapeutics","volume":"346 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"136378206","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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