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2019 International Conference on Unmanned Aircraft Systems (ICUAS)最新文献

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Centroid vectoring control using aerial manipulator: Experimental results 航空机械臂质心矢量控制:实验结果
Pub Date : 2019-08-23 DOI: 10.1109/ICUAS.2019.8798333
Antun Ivanovic, Marko Car, M. Orsag, S. Bogdan
This paper addresses the issues of aerial manipulation and its dynamic center of mass variations by deriving a control principle capable of exploiting this disturbance as a means to stabilize the Unmanned Aerial Vehicle (UAV). A complete mathematical model of an aerial robot consisting of rotorcraft UAV body and a generic multiple degree of freedom manipulator is derived and presented. Previously developed control scheme utilizing both the rotor speed control and centroid vectoring through the mid-ranging approach is augmented with a standard position control loop. The proposed control approach is tested and verified in manual and autonomous flight experiments. We present the results of centroid vectoring control on a trajectory tracking example alongside which we provide comparison with state-of the-art approaches.
本文通过推导一种能够利用这种扰动作为稳定无人机的控制原理,解决了空中操纵及其动态质心变化的问题。推导并给出了由旋翼无人机本体和通用多自由度机械臂组成的航空机器人的完整数学模型。以前开发的控制方案利用转子速度控制和质心矢量通过中程方法是增加了一个标准的位置控制回路。本文提出的控制方法在手动和自主飞行实验中得到了验证。我们给出了质心矢量控制在轨迹跟踪示例上的结果,并与最先进的方法进行了比较。
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引用次数: 0
Comparative Study for Coordinating Multiple Unmanned HAPS for Communications Area Coverage 多无人机HAPS通信区域覆盖协调的比较研究
Pub Date : 2019-08-15 DOI: 10.1109/ICUAS.2019.8797881
Ogbonnaya Anicho, P. Charlesworth, G. Baicher, A. Nagar, Neil Buckley
This work compares the application of Reinforcement Learning (RL) and Swarm Intelligence (SI) based methods for resolving the problem of coordinating multiple High Altitude Platform Stations (HAPS) for communications area coverage. Swarm coordination techniques are essential for developing autonomous capabilities for multiple HAPS/UAS control and management. This paper examines the performance of artificial intelligence (AI) capabilities of RL and SI for autonomous swarm coordination. In this work, it was observed that the RL approach showed superior overall peak user coverage with unpredictable coverage dips; while the SI based approach demonstrated lower coverage peaks but better coverage stability and faster convergence rates.
这项工作比较了基于强化学习(RL)和基于群智能(SI)的方法在解决协调多个高空台站(HAPS)通信区域覆盖问题上的应用。群协调技术对于开发多个HAPS/UAS控制和管理的自主能力至关重要。本文研究了RL和SI的人工智能(AI)能力在自主群体协调中的表现。在这项工作中,观察到RL方法在不可预测的覆盖率下降的情况下显示出更好的总体峰值用户覆盖率;而基于SI的方法具有较低的覆盖峰值,更好的覆盖稳定性和更快的收敛速度。
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引用次数: 14
A Methodology for evaluating Commercial Off The Shelf parachutes designed for sUAS failsafe systems 评估用于sUAS故障安全系统的商用现成降落伞的方法
Pub Date : 2019-08-15 DOI: 10.1109/ICUAS.2019.8798368
V. Tofterup, Kjeld Jensen
Many Small Unmanned Aerial Systems (sUAS) are incapable of meeting the safety requirements to provide a sufficient low risk of a fatality while operating above populous areas or gatherings. A recognized mitigation of this risk is a failsafe system that in the event that the sUAS is unable to maintain stable flight, terminates the flight and activates an emergency parachute. This paper proposes a methodology for assessment of Commercial Off the Shelf parachutes for sUAS failsafe systems. The methodology encompasses the evaluation criteria for the selection of parachutes based on a user-defined Maximum Takeoff Weight and the failure scenario tests for assessment of reliability and efficiency. The current standard specification on parachutes for sUAS published by the American Society of Testing and Materials has inspired the failure scenario tests. These failure scenario tests consist of a bench/destructive test and a full power cut test. The multirotor used for test of the proposed methodology is a ∼ 2kg hexarotor. The results suggests the use of one specific parachute. Furthermore, the deployment time and impact energy have been estimated to be 1.2s and 21J, respectively. This impact energy suggests a probability of fatality of less than 0.01. This work is the first step towards selecting and evaluating parachute systems for sUAS. The proposed next steps are the refinement of the assessment of parachutes and increase of parachutes included in the failure scenario tests. Additionally, this will lead to the development of parachute recovery systems for sUAS with manual and autonomous triggering.
许多小型无人机系统(sUAS)无法满足安全要求,无法在人口稠密地区或聚集地区运行时提供足够低的死亡风险。一种公认的降低这种风险的方法是故障安全系统,在sUAS无法保持稳定飞行的情况下,该系统会终止飞行并激活紧急降落伞。本文提出了一种评估用于sUAS故障安全系统的商用现成降落伞的方法。该方法包括根据用户定义的最大起飞重量选择降落伞的评估标准和评估可靠性和效率的失效情景试验。美国测试与材料学会发布的关于sUAS降落伞的现行标准规范启发了失效场景测试。这些故障场景测试包括台架/破坏性测试和完全断电测试。用于拟议方法测试的多旋翼是一个~ 2kg的六旋翼。结果表明使用一种特定的降落伞。此外,估计部署时间和冲击能量分别为1.2s和21J。这种撞击能量表明,死亡概率小于0.01。这项工作是为sUAS选择和评估降落伞系统的第一步。拟议的下一步措施是改进对降落伞的评估,并增加在失效情景试验中纳入的降落伞数量。此外,这将导致具有手动和自动触发的sUAS降落伞回收系统的发展。
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引用次数: 5
Model-Based Fail-Safe Module for Autonomous Multirotor UAVs with Parachute Systems 基于模型的多旋翼无人机降落伞系统故障安全模块
Pub Date : 2019-08-15 DOI: 10.1109/ICUAS.2019.8798308
A. Hasan, V. Tofterup, Kjeld Jensen
This paper presents development of model-based fail-safe modules for autonomous multirotor Unmanned Aerial Vehicles (UAVs) with safety parachute systems. The module is based on the adaptive eXogenous Kalman filter for actuator fault diagnosis. We assume all states can be measured, such that the primary goal of the filter is not the state estimation from the measurements, but the accurate reconstruction of the multirotor dynamics in real-time. Numerical simulations show the proposed diagnostic filter can be used to estimate the magnitude of the actuator faults accurately. Furthermore, based on simulated and real data recorded during a hexacopter UAV flight when its actuators experiencing complete failure, the experiment results demonstrate the effectiveness of the approach.
本文介绍了基于模型的多旋翼无人驾驶飞行器安全伞系统故障安全模块的开发。该模块基于自适应外生卡尔曼滤波进行执行器故障诊断。我们假设所有的状态都可以被测量,因此滤波器的主要目标不是从测量中估计状态,而是实时准确地重建多转子动力学。仿真结果表明,所提出的诊断滤波器能够准确地估计执行器故障的大小。此外,基于某六旋翼无人机执行机构完全失效时的仿真数据和真实数据,验证了该方法的有效性。
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引用次数: 13
Deep Learning with Semi-Synthetic Training Images for Detection of Non-Cooperative UAVs 基于半合成训练图像的深度学习非合作无人机检测
Pub Date : 2019-06-17 DOI: 10.1109/ICUAS.2019.8797731
C. Briese, Lukas Guenther
This paper presents a method to generate a dataset for training a deep convolutional network to detect a non cooperative unmanned aerial vehicle in video data. Deep convolutional network have shown a great potential for tasks like object detection and have been continuously improved in the last years. Still, the amount of training data is large and their generation can be complex and time consuming, especially if the appearance of the detected object is not clearly specified. The concept presented here is to train a deep convolutional neural network just with a few two dimensional images of unmanned aerial vehicle to simplify the process of generating training data. Performance of the trained network is evaluated with data from real experimental flights and compared with hand-labeled ground truth data to validate the correctness. To cover situations when the classifier fails at the detection, the output is integrated in a image processing pipeline for object tracking in order to establish a continuous tracking.
本文提出了一种生成数据集的方法,用于训练深度卷积网络来检测视频数据中的非合作无人机。深度卷积网络在目标检测等任务中显示出巨大的潜力,并且在过去几年中不断得到改进。尽管如此,训练数据的数量还是很大的,它们的生成可能是复杂和耗时的,特别是在检测到的物体的外观没有明确指定的情况下。本文提出的概念是用少量的无人机二维图像训练一个深度卷积神经网络,以简化生成训练数据的过程。用真实飞行实验数据对训练网络的性能进行了评估,并与手工标注的地面真值数据进行了比较,以验证其正确性。为了覆盖分类器检测失败的情况,将输出集成到图像处理管道中进行对象跟踪,以建立连续跟踪。
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引用次数: 1
Probability-based Collision Detection and Resolution of Planned Trajectories for Unmanned Aircraft System Traffic Management 无人机系统交通管理中基于概率的规划轨迹碰撞检测与解决
Pub Date : 2019-06-11 DOI: 10.1109/ICUAS.2019.8798090
Woo-Hyun Ko, P. Kumar
We address the problem of traffic management of an unmanned aircraft system. In an effort to improve the performance with safety, we propose a probability-based collision resolution algorithm. The proposed algorithm analyzes the planned trajectories to calculate their collision probabilities, and modifies individual drone starting times to reduce the probability of collision, while attempting to preserve high performance. Our simulation results demonstrate that the proposed algorithm improves the performance of the drone traffic management by guaranteeing high safety with minimal modification of the starting times.
研究了无人机系统的交通管理问题。为了提高性能和安全性,我们提出了一种基于概率的碰撞解决算法。该算法分析规划的轨迹以计算它们的碰撞概率,并修改单个无人机的启动时间以降低碰撞概率,同时试图保持高性能。仿真结果表明,该算法以最小的起始时间修改保证了高安全性,提高了无人机交通管理的性能。
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引用次数: 1
Hu-Moment-Based Autonomous Landing of a UAV on a Hemispherical Dome 基于胡力矩的半球形圆顶无人机自主着陆
Pub Date : 2019-06-11 DOI: 10.1109/ICUAS.2019.8797936
K. R. Chandra, Satadal Ghosh
In this paper, a vision-based autonomous landing system for a fixed wing unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) is proposed for landing on a three-dimensional structure, which acts as an arrested landing mechanism and provides a strong visual cue for the camera to be detected easily. In particular, a red-colored hemispherical inflated air-bag (dome) has been considered as the visual cue in this paper. Moment-based shape descriptor called Hu-moments are leveraged for accurate detection of the dome. Characterization of these moments with horizontal and vertical distance of the UAV from the dome that is used to reliably detect the dome even at large distances is performed using software experiments. The proposed algorithm needs only a monocular camera and a processing unit on-board and hence is cost-effective and also applicable in GPS-denied environments. The proposed algorithm is simulated in a combined environment of V-Realm builder and MATLAB. Simulation results are presented to validate the presented algorithm for autonomous landing. This algorithm is also easily extendable to different colors and shapes of 3D structures.
本文提出了一种基于视觉的固定翼无人机自主着陆系统,该系统在三维结构上着陆,作为一种拦阻着陆机构,为摄像机的检测提供了强大的视觉线索。特别地,本文考虑了一个红色的半球形充气气囊作为视觉线索。基于矩的形状描述符被称为胡矩,用于精确检测圆顶。利用软件实验,利用无人机距离穹顶的水平和垂直距离对这些力矩进行表征,即使在远距离上也可以可靠地探测到穹顶。该算法只需要一个单目摄像机和一个机载处理单元,因此具有成本效益,也适用于无gps环境。在V-Realm builder和MATLAB的联合环境下对该算法进行了仿真。仿真结果验证了该算法的有效性。该算法也很容易扩展到不同颜色和形状的三维结构。
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引用次数: 3
Rapid and Automated Urban Modeling Techniques for UAS Applications 面向无人机应用的快速自动化城市建模技术
Pub Date : 2019-06-11 DOI: 10.1109/ICUAS.2019.8797943
Youngjun Choi, D. Pate, Simon Briceno, D. Mavris
Urban models for testing UAV path-planning algorithms commonly apply simple representations using cuboid or cylinderical shapes which may not capture the characteristics of a urban environment. To address this limitation of existing urban models, this paper presents two urban modeling techniques for an unmanned aircraft flight simulation in an urban environment. The first proposed urban modeling technique is an airborne LiDAR source-based approach that incorporates machine learning algorithms to identify the number of buildings and characterize them from the LiDAR information. The second proposed urban modeling technique is an artificial urban modeling technique without any airborne LiDAR resources that applies an adaptive spacing method, an iterative algorithm to define an artificial urban environment. Unlike the LiDAR source-based approach that creates an approximated urban model, the adaptive spacing-based urban modeling algorithm generates an artificial urban environment that is visually different from a reference city, but has similar the characteristics to it. To demonstrate the two proposed urban modeling techniques, numerical simulations are conducted using open-source datasets to construct several realistic urban models.
用于测试无人机路径规划算法的城市模型通常应用使用长方体或圆柱形状的简单表示,这可能无法捕获城市环境的特征。为了解决现有城市模型的这一局限性,本文提出了两种用于城市环境中无人机飞行仿真的城市建模技术。第一个提出的城市建模技术是一种基于机载激光雷达源的方法,该方法结合了机器学习算法来识别建筑物的数量,并从激光雷达信息中对其进行表征。第二种提出的城市建模技术是一种不需要任何机载激光雷达资源的人工城市建模技术,该技术采用自适应间隔方法,一种迭代算法来定义人工城市环境。与基于激光雷达源的方法创建近似的城市模型不同,基于自适应空间的城市建模算法生成的人工城市环境在视觉上不同于参考城市,但具有相似的特征。为了证明这两种提出的城市建模技术,使用开源数据集进行了数值模拟,构建了几个现实的城市模型。
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引用次数: 2
Model Based Roll Controller Tuning and Frequency Domain Analysis for a Flying-Wing UAS 基于模型的飞翼无人机滚转控制器整定及频域分析
Pub Date : 2019-06-11 DOI: 10.1109/ICUAS.2019.8798212
H. Flanagan, Haiyang Chao, S. G. Hagerott
System identification and model based controller design is an increasingly important area for UAS research. As UASs are used in more challenging conditions, it is critical to have accurate system identification, controller design, and controller validation for improved aircraft safety. The roll controller of a flying-wing UAS is examined in this paper including aircraft system identification, controller design, and controller validation. This paper also introduces a new procedure for utilizing frequency domain analysis to identify and validate the lateral directional models and roll controller design of a UAS. Good agreement is observed between simulated roll controller performance and UAS flight test results, which showed the effectiveness of the overall system identification and control design practice.
系统辨识和基于模型的控制器设计是无人机研究的一个日益重要的领域。由于UASs在更具挑战性的条件下使用,因此精确的系统识别、控制器设计和控制器验证对于提高飞机安全性至关重要。本文研究了飞翼无人机的滚转控制器,包括飞行器系统辨识、控制器设计和控制器验证。本文还介绍了一种利用频域分析来识别和验证无人机横向方向模型和横摇控制器设计的新方法。仿真结果与无人机飞行试验结果吻合较好,表明了系统辨识和控制设计实践的有效性。
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引用次数: 3
Time-delay Control of a Multi-Rotor VTOL Multi-Agent System Towards Transport Operations 面向运输作业的多旋翼垂直起降多智能体系统的时滞控制
Pub Date : 2019-06-11 DOI: 10.1109/ICUAS.2019.8798094
J. Alvarez-Muñoz, J. J. Castillo-Zamora, J. Escareño, I. Boussaada, F. Méndez-Barrios, O. Labbani-Igbida
The present work deals with a consensus control for a multi-agent system composed by a mini Vertical Take-off and Landing (VTOL) rotorcrafts by means of a controller based on time-delay parametrization. The VTOL system modeling is presented using the quaternion parametrization to develop the attitude-stabilizing law of the aerial robots. The vehicle position dynamics are extended to the multi-agent case where a time-delayed PID control is designed in order to achieve general consensus in terms of formation control of the system. Finally, a detailed simulation study is presented to validate the effectiveness of the proposed control strategy, where it also considered a collective interaction.
采用基于时滞参数化的控制器,研究了由小型垂直起降旋翼机组成的多智能体系统的一致性控制问题。采用四元数参数化方法对垂直起降系统进行建模,建立了空中机器人的姿态稳定规律。将车辆位置动力学扩展到多智能体情况下,设计了时滞PID控制,使系统的编队控制达到普遍共识。最后,提出了详细的仿真研究来验证所提出的控制策略的有效性,其中它也考虑了集体交互。
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引用次数: 5
期刊
2019 International Conference on Unmanned Aircraft Systems (ICUAS)
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