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2019 International Conference on Unmanned Aircraft Systems (ICUAS)最新文献

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European Drones Regulation: Today’s Legal Challenges 欧洲无人机法规:今天的法律挑战
Pub Date : 2019-06-01 DOI: 10.1109/ICUAS.2019.8798173
Eleonora Bassi
The drone legal framework represents a multilevel and complex field of EU law. The new 2018 Regulation sets up a centralized system, in which the main ruling powers are devolved to the European Commission and EASA. Still, the provisions of the EU regulation have to be complemented with further legal fields, which regard public security legislations, telecommunication law, rules on product liability, criminal and insurance law, up to privacy and data protection, and their harmonization. Whilst the European Commission shall complement the provisions of the regulation with a set of implementing and delegated acts, the paper suggests that a number of key issues are fated to remain open. They regard different kinds of concerns related to the collection and use of drone data, much as problems related to privacy safeguards, telecommunications and cyber-security breaches, registration and identification of both UAVs, and their pilots and operators, down to matters of liability and the enforcement of the new provisions. Article 140 of the Regulation has established the time within which the whole legal framework for the use of drones within the Single European Sky strategy shall be at full speed: 12 September 2023. This means, depending on the viewpoints, too much or too few time. In any event, a lot of work is waiting for us.
无人机法律框架代表了欧盟法律的多层次和复杂领域。2018年的新法规建立了一个集中的体系,其中主要统治权下放给欧盟委员会和欧洲航空安全局。尽管如此,欧盟法规的规定必须得到进一步法律领域的补充,这些法律领域包括公共安全立法、电信法、产品责任规则、刑事和保险法,直至隐私和数据保护,以及它们的协调。虽然欧盟委员会将通过一系列实施和授权法案来补充法规的规定,但该文件表明,一些关键问题注定要保持开放。他们认为与无人机数据的收集和使用有关的各种问题,就像与隐私保护、电信和网络安全漏洞、无人机及其飞行员和操作员的注册和识别有关的问题一样,一直到责任问题和新规定的执行。该条例第140条规定了在欧洲单一天空战略中使用无人机的整个法律框架应全速运行的时间:2023年9月12日。这意味着,根据不同的观点,时间过多或过少。无论如何,有许多工作等着我们去做。
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引用次数: 15
Probabilistic Search and Track with Multiple Mobile Agents 多移动代理的概率搜索与跟踪
Pub Date : 2019-06-01 DOI: 10.1109/ICUAS.2019.8797831
Savvas Papaioannou, P. Kolios, T. Theocharides, C. Panayiotou, M. Polycarpou
In this paper we are interested in the task of searching and tracking multiple moving targets in a bounded surveillance area with a group of autonomous mobile agents. More specifically, we assume that targets can appear and disappear at random times inside the surveillance region and their positions are random and unknown. The agents have a limited sensing range, and due to sensor imperfections they receive noisy measurements from the targets. In this work we utilize the theory of random finite sets (RFS) to capture the uncertainty in the time-varying number of targets and their states and we propose a decision and control framework, in which the mode of operation (i.e. search or track) as well as the mobility control action for each agent, at each time instance, are determined so that the collective goal of searching and tracking is achieved. Extensive simulation results demonstrate the effectiveness and performance of the proposed solution.
在本文中,我们感兴趣的任务是用一组自主移动代理搜索和跟踪有界监视区域内的多个运动目标。更具体地说,我们假设目标可以在监视区域内随机出现和消失,并且其位置是随机和未知的。智能体具有有限的感知范围,并且由于传感器的缺陷,它们接收来自目标的噪声测量。在这项工作中,我们利用随机有限集(RFS)理论来捕捉时变目标数量及其状态中的不确定性,并提出了一个决策和控制框架,在该框架中,每个代理在每个时间实例中确定操作模式(即搜索或跟踪)以及移动控制动作,从而实现搜索和跟踪的集体目标。大量的仿真结果证明了该方案的有效性和性能。
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引用次数: 12
Fault-Tolerant Adaptive Neural Control of Multi-UAVs Against Actuator Faults 针对执行器故障的多无人机容错自适应神经控制
Pub Date : 2019-06-01 DOI: 10.1109/ICUAS.2019.8798328
Ziquan Yu, You-min Zhang, Y. Qu, C. Su, Yintao Zhang, Zhewen Xing
This paper is concerned with the fault-tolerant cooperative control (FTCC) problem of multiple unmanned aerial vehicles (multi-UAVs) in the communication network. By exploiting neural network (NN) to approximate the nonlinear terms existing in the highly nonlinear multi-UAVs system, a distributed neural adaptive control scheme is proposed when only a subset of follower UAVs has access to the leader UAV’s states. To solve the problem of “explosion of complexity” in traditional backstepping architecture and reduce the number of online updating parameters of NN, dynamic surface control (DSC) and minimal learning parameter techniques are employed to reduce the computational complexity. Furthermore, by combining graph theory and Lyapunov approach, it is proved that velocities and altitudes of all follower UAVs can track the velocity and altitude of the leader UAV. Finally, simulation results are presented to verify the effectiveness of the proposed control scheme.
本文研究了通信网络中多架无人机的容错协同控制(FTCC)问题。通过利用神经网络对高度非线性多无人机系统中存在的非线性项进行近似,提出了一种只有一部分跟随无人机能够访问领航无人机状态的分布式神经自适应控制方案。为了解决传统反演结构中“复杂度爆炸”的问题,减少神经网络在线更新参数的次数,采用动态面控制(DSC)和最小学习参数技术来降低计算复杂度。进一步,结合图论和李亚普诺夫方法,证明了所有跟随无人机的速度和高度能够跟踪领头无人机的速度和高度。最后给出了仿真结果,验证了所提控制方案的有效性。
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引用次数: 5
Optimum Design for Drone Highway Network 无人机公路网优化设计
Pub Date : 2019-06-01 DOI: 10.1109/ICUAS.2019.8798304
Masatoshi Hamnanaka
This paper describes a design method for drone highway networks to eliminate the risk of conflict between drones and to improve the overall flight efficiency. Many flight path designing methods have been proposed; however, none of them addresses the issue of flight efficiency. We optimize each path using ant colony optimization and optimize the position of the terminal connecting the paths using particle swarm optimization. Experimental results show that the proposed method improves flight efficiency by 15.6% on average.
为了消除无人机之间的冲突风险,提高整体飞行效率,提出了一种无人机高速公路网的设计方法。提出了多种航迹设计方法;然而,它们都没有解决飞行效率的问题。利用蚁群算法对每条路径进行优化,并利用粒子群算法对连接路径的终端位置进行优化。实验结果表明,该方法可使飞行效率平均提高15.6%。
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引用次数: 1
UAVs Formation Control With Dynamic Compensation Using Neuro Adaptive SMC 基于神经自适应SMC的无人机编队动态补偿控制
Pub Date : 2019-06-01 DOI: 10.1109/ICUAS.2019.8798282
C. Rosales, J. Gimenez, F. Rossomando, C. Soria, M. Sarcinelli-Filho, R. Carelli
This paper proposes a neuro-adaptive controller evolving in a sub-actuated formation. A formation controller based on the null space approach is defined to obtain the references for local controllers for each one of the quadrotors defined to the transportation task. Formation controller takes into account the transport of a cable-suspended load with two quadrotors considering collision avoidance, wind perturbations, and proper distribution of the load weight. A neuro-adaptive sliding mode control (SMC) controller is defined with the objective to achieve the references obtained by the formation controller. These adjustment laws were obtained through the Lyapunov stability criterion. Finally, numerical simulation shows the excellent performance of the proposed technique for trajectory tracking tasks in unknown navigation environment.
提出了一种神经自适应控制器在亚驱动编队中进化。定义了一个基于零空间方法的编队控制器,以获取每一个定义为运输任务的四旋翼飞行器的局部控制器的参考。编队控制器考虑了两个四旋翼的悬索载荷的传输,同时考虑了避免碰撞、风扰动和载荷重量的合理分布。定义了一种神经自适应滑模控制(SMC)控制器,其目标是实现编队控制器获得的参考。通过李亚普诺夫稳定性判据得到了这些平差规律。最后,通过数值仿真验证了该方法在未知导航环境下的跟踪性能。
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引用次数: 6
Discrete-time control of LineDrone: An assisted tracking and landing UAV for live power line inspection and maintenance LineDrone的离散时间控制:一种用于带电线路检查和维护的辅助跟踪和着陆无人机
Pub Date : 2019-06-01 DOI: 10.1109/ICUAS.2019.8798137
P. Hamelin, F. Mirallès, G. Lambert, S. Lavoie, N. Pouliot, Matthieu Montfrond, Serge Montambault
This paper presents the design of a discrete-time control algorithm for power line tracking and assisted landing of Hydro-Quebec’s LineDrone robot, a multirotor unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) designed to land on and roll along live power lines. The algorithm automatically aligns the UAV with the cable while the pilot remains in control of the vertical and longitudinal positions, hence facilitating landing by having fewer degrees of freedom on which the pilot must focus. Emphasis is placed on the design of the discrete-time control law, which results in a closed-form algebraic solution of gains for given transient specifications. The proposed control system is also designed to meet the requirements of operation near live lines, which means that the system is immune to electromagnetic interference. The proposed control algorithm is experimentally validated on LineDrone hybrid UAV under real outdoor conditions.
本文介绍了魁北克水电公司的LineDrone机器人的电力线路跟踪和辅助着陆的离散时间控制算法的设计。LineDrone机器人是一种多旋翼无人机(UAV),设计用于在带电电线上着陆和滚动。当飞行员仍然控制垂直和纵向位置时,算法自动将无人机与电缆对齐,因此通过具有较少的飞行员必须关注的自由度来促进着陆。重点放在离散时间控制律的设计上,得到给定暂态参数下增益的封闭代数解。所提出的控制系统也被设计为满足在火线附近运行的要求,这意味着系统不受电磁干扰。在LineDrone混合无人机上进行了实际室外条件下的实验验证。
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引用次数: 17
Compromising Flight Paths of Autopiloted Drones 自动驾驶无人机的飞行路径妥协
Pub Date : 2019-06-01 DOI: 10.1109/ICUAS.2019.8798162
Wenxin Chen, Yingfei Dong, Z. Duan
While more and more consumer drones are abused in recent attacks, there is still very little systematical research on countering malicious consumer drones. In this paper, we focus on this issue and develop effective attacks to common autopilot control algorithms to compromise the flight paths of autopiloted drones, e.g., leading them away from its preset paths. We consider attacking an autopiloted drone in three phases: attacking its onboard sensors, attacking its state estimation, and attacking its autopilot algorithms. Several first-phase attacks have been developed (e.g., [1]–[4]); second-phase attacks (including our previous work [5], [6]) have also been investigated. In this paper, we focus on the third-phase attacks. We examine three common autopilot algorithms, and design several attacks by exploiting their weaknesses to mislead a drone from its preset path to a manipulated path. We present the formal analysis of the scope of such manipulated paths. We further discuss how to apply the proposed attacks to disrupt preset drone missions, such as missing a target in searching an area or misleading a drone to intercept another drone, etc. Many potential attacks can be built on top of the proposed attacks. We are currently investigating different models to apply such attacks on common drone missions and also building prototype systems on ArduPilot for real world tests. We will further investigate countermeasures to address the potential damages.
虽然越来越多的消费级无人机在最近的攻击中被滥用,但针对恶意消费级无人机的系统研究仍然很少。本文针对这一问题,针对常见的自动驾驶控制算法,开发了有效的攻击方法,以破坏自动驾驶无人机的飞行路径,例如使其偏离其预设路径。我们考虑分三个阶段攻击自动驾驶无人机:攻击其机载传感器,攻击其状态估计,攻击其自动驾驶算法。已经开发了几种第一阶段攻击(例如,[1]- [4]);第二阶段的攻击(包括我们之前的工作[5],[6])也被调查。在本文中,我们主要关注第三阶段的攻击。我们研究了三种常见的自动驾驶算法,并设计了几种攻击,利用它们的弱点,将无人机从预设路径误导到被操纵的路径。我们提出了这种被操纵路径范围的形式化分析。我们进一步讨论了如何应用提出的攻击来破坏预设的无人机任务,例如在搜索区域时遗漏目标或误导无人机拦截另一架无人机等。许多潜在的攻击可以建立在提议的攻击之上。我们目前正在研究不同的模型,以将此类攻击应用于常见的无人机任务,并在ArduPilot上构建原型系统以进行现实世界的测试。我们将进一步研究解决潜在损失的对策。”
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引用次数: 4
Modeling of aerodynamic disturbances for proximity flight of multirotors 多旋翼近距离飞行气动干扰建模
Pub Date : 2019-06-01 DOI: 10.1109/ICUAS.2019.8798116
Karan P. Jain, Trey Fortmuller, J. Byun, Simo A. Mäkiharju, M. Mueller
This paper presents a model to predict aero-dynamic disturbances during close formation flight of two multirotors. The model is based on a propeller velocity field model and characterization of change in propeller thrust under oncoming flow. Using this model, we predict forces and torques on one mutirotor due to downwash of the other with respect to relative separation of the multirotors. We conduct proximity flight experiments using two types of quadcopters to measure forces and torques using accelerometer and rategyro. Predictions from the model and results from experiments match well for vertical separations greater than seven times the vehicle size. This verifies the range of fidelity of the model.
提出了一种多旋翼近距离编队飞行气动扰动预测模型。该模型建立在螺旋桨速度场模型和螺旋桨推力变化特性的基础上。利用该模型,我们预测了由于下洗对另一个多旋翼相对分离的力和扭矩。我们使用两种类型的四轴飞行器进行近距离飞行实验,使用加速度计和陀螺仪测量力和扭矩。模型的预测结果与实验结果吻合良好,垂直间距大于车辆尺寸的7倍。这验证了模型的保真度范围。
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引用次数: 16
Enable UAVs safely flight in low-altitude: A Preliminary research of the public air route network of UAVs 实现无人机低空安全飞行:无人机公共航路网络初探
Pub Date : 2019-06-01 DOI: 10.1109/ICUAS.2019.8798083
X. Liao, Chenchen Xu, Huanyin Yue
Increasing numbers and industrial applications for UAVs acquire much airspace for low-altitude flights. However, unknow and changeable environment has hindered UAVs’ rapid development. To enable UAVs flight safely and legally at low-altitude, this paper proposed a concept of “low-altitude public air route network (LAPAR)” and presented key technologies. Specifically, Firstly, a four-level air route system were proposed; Secondly, a low-altitude flight environment consisting of various constraints of UAV flights, such as climate, buildings, communication and mountains was constructed by modeling and gridding technology; Thirdly, the optimum path was searched by the improved Ant Colony optimization (ACO) algorithm; Lastly, a network of the public air route was constructed by formulating traffic management regulation for UAV flight in air routes. And a route map in Tianjin has also been obtained. This research can regulate low-altitude air traffic management, improve the utilization of low-altitude airspace resources, and ensure aviation and public safety.
无人机数量的增加和工业应用为低空飞行获得了大量空域。然而,未知多变的环境阻碍了无人机的快速发展。为了使无人机在低空安全合法飞行,提出了“低空公共航路网络”的概念,并提出了关键技术。具体而言,首先提出了四级航路体系;其次,通过建模和网格化技术,构建了气候、建筑、通信、山地等无人机飞行的各种约束条件构成的低空飞行环境;第三,采用改进的蚁群算法搜索最优路径;最后,通过制定无人机在航路上飞行的交通管理规则,构建了公共航路网络。并获得了天津的路线图。本研究可以规范低空空中交通管理,提高低空空域资源利用率,保障航空安全与公共安全。
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引用次数: 6
Direct position control of an octarotor unmanned vehicle under wind gust disturbance 阵风扰动下转子无人驾驶飞行器的直接位置控制
Pub Date : 2019-06-01 DOI: 10.1109/ICUAS.2019.8798161
A. Baldini, R. Felicetti, A. Freddi, S. Longhi, A. Monteriù
In this paper we present the design of a direct position control law of an octarotor under the presence of wind gust. The nominal control law is designed on a Newton-Euler model using a feedback linearisation technique, where a double integral control law is chosen in order to decouple the controlled variables’ dynamics. Then, the wind gust effect is attenuated through an additive correction term, which is based on disturbance observer. An exogenous system is considered in order to estimate the wind gust derivatives, and the overall closed loop boundedness is discussed. Numerical simulations are then reported in order to show the effectiveness of the control scheme, where the observer based technique is compared with the nominal one.
本文提出了在阵风作用下转子直接位置控制律的设计。标称控制律使用反馈线性化技术在牛顿-欧拉模型上设计,其中选择二重积分控制律以解耦被控变量的动态。然后,通过基于扰动观测器的加性校正项对阵风效应进行衰减。考虑一个外生系统来估计阵风导数,并讨论了整体闭环的有界性。数值模拟然后报告,以显示控制方案的有效性,其中基于观测器的技术与标称的比较。
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引用次数: 2
期刊
2019 International Conference on Unmanned Aircraft Systems (ICUAS)
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