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2019 International Conference on Unmanned Aircraft Systems (ICUAS)最新文献

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Mission planning strategy for multirotor UAV based on flight endurance estimation* 基于飞行续航力估计的多旋翼无人机任务规划策略*
Pub Date : 2019-06-11 DOI: 10.1109/ICUAS.2019.8798292
R. Schacht-Rodríguez, J. Ponsart, C. García-Beltrán, C. Astorga-Zaragoza, D. Theilliol
In this paper, the impact of fault effects occurring in actuators on energy consumption for multirotor UAV during mission development is analyzed. The multirotors are typically powered by Lithium Polymer batteries where the total mission time depends on the energy available on board. According to battery and actuators health, the discharge rate tends to increase which decrease the flight endurance causing that battery to discharge completely without guaranteeing the fulfillment of the mission or even a safety landing. In that sense, a model able to determines the maximum energy and flight endurance is used considering the battery discharge, State of Charge (SoC) and State of Health (SoH) and its impact during the mission execution is evaluated considering the fault effects in actuators modeled as loss of effectiveness. The proposed approach is tested at simulation level considering an hexarotor UAV.
分析了多旋翼无人机在任务研制过程中执行器故障效应对能耗的影响。多旋翼通常由锂聚合物电池供电,总任务时间取决于船上可用的能量。随着电池和作动器的健康状况,电池放电速率有增大的趋势,这会降低飞行续航能力,导致电池完全放电,无法保证任务的完成,甚至无法保证安全着陆。从这个意义上说,考虑到电池放电、充电状态(SoC)和健康状态(SoH),使用了一个能够确定最大能量和飞行续航力的模型,并在任务执行过程中评估了执行器的故障影响,并将其建模为有效性损失。以六旋翼无人机为例,对该方法进行了仿真验证。
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引用次数: 7
Visual Servoing for Multirotor Precision Landing in Daylight and After-Dark Conditions 多旋翼在白天和黑夜条件下精确着陆的视觉伺服
Pub Date : 2019-06-11 DOI: 10.1109/ICUAS.2019.8798020
Jesse S. Wynn, T. McLain
The problem of precision landing for autonomous multirotor UAVs operating during the day and at night is studied. A vision-based approach is proposed and consists of varying-degree-of-freedom image-based visual servoing (VDOF IBVS), and a specialized landing marker. The proposed approach is validated through extensive flight testing outdoors in both daylight and after-dark conditions, and is done using a standard off-the-shelf autopilot system.
研究了自主多旋翼无人机在白天和夜间的精确着陆问题。提出了一种基于视觉的方法,该方法由基于不同自由度图像的视觉伺服(VDOF IBVS)和专用着陆标记组成。所提出的方法通过在白天和黑夜条件下进行的大量户外飞行测试进行了验证,并使用了标准的现成自动驾驶系统。
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引用次数: 12
Formation Control and Navigation of a Quadrotor Swarm 四旋翼飞行器群的编队控制与导航
Pub Date : 2019-06-11 DOI: 10.1109/ICUAS.2019.8798352
Malintha Fernando, Lantao Liu
We investigate the formation control of a team of homogeneous quadrotor aerial vehicles. We formulate the multiquadrotor formation as a rigid body that moves in the space with 4 degrees of freedom, which greatly reduces the modelling complexity. By combining a high-level coordination layer with the low-level control layer, aggressive formation motion can be achieved. The quadrotor formation is navigated to move in 3D space by following a reference trajectory that is outlined by a series of discrete waypoints specified as external inputs. We have validated our method through both simulations and real quadrotor experiments. Our results show that the quadrotor formation can move as fast as 2. 5 m/s within a confined indoor environment where the designated formations are always well maintained.
研究了一组均匀四旋翼飞行器的编队控制问题。我们将多四旋翼编队制定为在空间中以4个自由度移动的刚体,这大大降低了建模的复杂性。通过将高层协调层与低层控制层相结合,可以实现猛烈的地层运动。四旋翼编队通过遵循参考轨迹来导航到3D空间中移动,参考轨迹由一系列指定为外部输入的离散路径点概述。我们已经通过仿真和实际四旋翼实验验证了我们的方法。我们的研究结果表明,四旋翼编队的移动速度可达2。5米/秒,在密闭的室内环境中,指定的地层总是得到很好的维护。
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引用次数: 10
Exploiting Ground and Ceiling Effects on Autonomous UAV Motion Planning 地面和天花板效应在自主无人机运动规划中的应用
Pub Date : 2019-06-11 DOI: 10.1109/ICUAS.2019.8798091
Shijie Gao, Carmelo Di Franco, Darius Carter, D. Quinn, N. Bezzo
Micro Aerial Vehicles (MAVs) and in particular quadrotors have gained a lot of attention because of their small size, stable, robust, and diverse sensing capabilities that make them perfect test beds in several safety critical operations. Shrinking these vehicles is desirable since agility increases. However, it entails smaller power sources and hence less flight time. Adding sensors on these systems also implies more energy consumption due to both the added weight and the supplied energy to the sensors. In this work, we build a framework to leverage the flow dynamic effects near surfaces to recognize grounds and ceilings during operations and to plan a trajectory while minimizing energy consumption. Our proposed framework leverages data from real experiments to model the behavior of the system near surfaces and graph theoretical approaches for energy efficient motion planning. As a result, this study indicates that i) we can detect surfaces during operations without the need of extra onboard sensors and ii) we can minimize energy consumption up to 15% when the system can fly near ground or ceiling surfaces. The proposed framework is validated with experimental results on a quadrotor UAV.
微型飞行器(MAVs),特别是四旋翼飞行器,由于其体积小、稳定、坚固和多样化的传感能力,使其成为几种安全关键操作的完美测试平台,因此受到了广泛的关注。缩小这些车辆是可取的,因为灵活性增加了。然而,它需要更小的电源,因此更短的飞行时间。在这些系统上增加传感器也意味着更多的能量消耗,因为增加的重量和提供给传感器的能量。在这项工作中,我们建立了一个框架,利用表面附近的流动动态效应,在作业期间识别地面和天花板,并规划轨迹,同时最大限度地减少能源消耗。我们提出的框架利用来自真实实验的数据来模拟系统在表面附近的行为,并为节能运动规划绘制理论方法。因此,这项研究表明,i)我们可以在操作过程中检测表面,而不需要额外的机载传感器;ii)当系统可以在地面或天花板表面附近飞行时,我们可以将能耗降低15%。在一架四旋翼无人机上进行了实验验证。
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引用次数: 13
A Survey of Artificial Neural Networks with Model-based Control Techniques for Flight Control of Unmanned Aerial Vehicles 基于模型的人工神经网络无人机飞行控制技术综述
Pub Date : 2019-06-11 DOI: 10.1109/ICUAS.2019.8797853
Weibin Gu, K. Valavanis, M. Rutherford, A. Rizzo
Model-based control (MBC) techniques have been successfully developed for flight control applications of unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) in recent years. However, their heavy reliance on the fidelity of the plant model coupled with high computational complexity make the design and implementation process challenging. To overcome such challenges, attention has been focused on the use of artificial neural networks (ANNs) to study complex systems since they show promise in system identification and controller design, to say the least. This survey aims to provide a literature review on combining MBC techniques with ANNs for UAV flight control, with the goal of laying the foundation for efficient controller designs with performance guarantees. A brief discussion on frequently-used ANNs is presented along with an analysis of their time complexity. Classification/comparison of existing dynamic modeling approaches and control techniques is provided. Challenging research questions and an envisaged control architecture are also posed for future development.
近年来,基于模型的控制技术在无人机的飞行控制中得到了成功的发展。然而,它们严重依赖于植物模型的保真度,加上高计算复杂性,使得设计和实现过程具有挑战性。为了克服这些挑战,人们的注意力一直集中在使用人工神经网络(ann)来研究复杂系统,因为它们至少在系统识别和控制器设计方面表现出了希望。本文综述了将MBC技术与人工神经网络相结合用于无人机飞行控制的相关文献,旨在为具有性能保证的高效控制器设计奠定基础。简要讨论了常用的人工神经网络,并对其时间复杂度进行了分析。对现有的动态建模方法和控制技术进行了分类和比较。具有挑战性的研究问题和设想的控制体系结构也提出了未来的发展。
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引用次数: 12
Grid-Based Coverage Path Planning With Minimum Energy Over Irregular-Shaped Areas With Uavs 无人机不规则区域最小能量网格覆盖路径规划
Pub Date : 2019-06-11 DOI: 10.1109/ICUAS.2019.8797937
T. Cabreira, P. Ferreira, Carmelo Di Franco, G. Buttazzo
Grid-based methods have been proposed to solve the Coverage Path Planning problem using Unmanned Aerial Vehicles in irregular-shaped areas since simple geometric flight patterns, such as the back-and-forth, are inefficient in this type of scenario. However, the grid-based methods usually apply simplistic cost functions and demand high computational time leading to inefficient and expensive paths, making them not usable in real-world scenarios. This paper introduces an energy-aware grid-based approach aimed at minimizing energy consumption during mapping missions over irregular-shaped areas. Our work was built upon a previously proposed grid-based approach. Here we introduce an energy-aware cost function based on an accurate energy model. The proposed approach was able to save up to 17% of energy in real flight experiments, proving that the original cost function was not capable of finding the optimal solution in terms of real energy measurements. Additional simulation experiments were also performed to state the energy savings in different irregular-shaped scenarios. As a further contribution, we also applied two pruning techniques to the original approach dropping the computation time up to 99%.
由于简单的几何飞行模式(如来回飞行)在这种情况下效率低下,因此提出了基于网格的方法来解决无人机在不规则形状区域的覆盖路径规划问题。然而,基于网格的方法通常应用简单的代价函数,并且需要高计算时间,导致低效和昂贵的路径,使其无法在现实场景中使用。本文介绍了一种基于能量感知网格的方法,旨在最大限度地减少不规则形状区域测绘任务中的能量消耗。我们的工作是建立在先前提出的基于网格的方法之上的。在此,我们引入了一个基于精确能量模型的能量感知成本函数。在实际飞行实验中,所提出的方法能够节省高达17%的能量,证明了原始成本函数不能在实际能量测量中找到最优解。此外,还进行了模拟实验,以说明不同不规则形状场景下的节能效果。作为进一步的贡献,我们还在原始方法中应用了两种修剪技术,将计算时间降低到99%。
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引用次数: 33
Robust Multi-UAV Route Planning Considering UAV Failure 考虑无人机故障的鲁棒多无人机航路规划
Pub Date : 2019-06-11 DOI: 10.1109/ICUAS.2019.8797949
Ruchir Patel, Eliot Rudnick-Cohen, S. Azarm, J. Herrmann
This paper describes a robust multi-UAV route planning problem in which any one of the vehicles could fail during plan execution at any visited location. The UAVs must visit a set of fixed locations; if one UAV fails, the other vehicles must cover any unvisited locations. The objective is to optimize the worst-case cost. This paper formulates the problem with a min-sum objective (minimizing the total distance traveled by all vehicles) and a min-max objective (minimizing the maximum distance traveled by any vehicle). A Genetic Algorithm (GA) was used to find approximate robust optimal solutions on seven instances. The results show that the GA was able to find solutions that have better worst-case cost than the solutions generated by other approaches that were tested.
本文描述了一种鲁棒多无人机航路规划问题,其中任意一架飞行器在任何访问位置执行航路规划时都可能出现故障。无人机必须访问一组固定地点;如果一架无人机失败,其他飞行器必须覆盖任何未访问的位置。目标是优化最坏情况下的成本。本文用最小和目标(使所有车辆行驶的总距离最小)和最小最大目标(使任何车辆行驶的最大距离最小)来表述该问题。采用遗传算法求解7个实例的近似鲁棒最优解。结果表明,遗传算法能够找到比其他测试方法产生的解具有更好的最坏情况代价的解。
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引用次数: 1
Robustness Studies on Quadrotor Control 四旋翼飞行器控制鲁棒性研究
Pub Date : 2019-06-11 DOI: 10.1109/ICUAS.2019.8798198
J. Brossard, D. Bensoussan, R. Landry, M. Hammami
A new control method (B control) that guarantees fast and robust control for unstable invertible plants [1] has been recently proposed and tested [2], [3]. This method enables getting a time response with minimal overshoot and settling time equal to rise time while keeping good stability margins. Demonstration of this control method has been published in [4]. In the present work, we apply this control method to a non-linear model of a quadcopter. The fastest orientation dynamic of the drone is controlled separately from the translation dynamic which is slower. The performance of this B controller is compared to a μ-synthesis and PID controller. Matlab simulations show slightly better performances for B control compared to μ-synthesis in the time domain. However, μ-synthesis gives better results for steady flight in the presence of perturbations when compared to B controller, although it involves higher motor velocities. PID performance in the time domain is less than satisfactory as it evolves excessive gains.
最近提出了一种新的控制方法(B控制),可以保证不稳定可逆植物[1]的快速和鲁棒控制,并进行了测试[2],[3]。这种方法可以获得最小超调的时间响应,稳定时间等于上升时间,同时保持良好的稳定裕度。该控制方法的演示已发表在b[4]上。在本工作中,我们将这种控制方法应用于四轴飞行器的非线性模型。无人机的最快方向动态与较慢的平移动态是分开控制的。将B控制器的性能与μ-合成控制器和PID控制器进行了比较。Matlab仿真表明,与μ-合成相比,B控制在时域内的性能略好。然而,与B控制器相比,μ-合成在存在扰动的稳定飞行中给出了更好的结果,尽管它涉及更高的电机速度。由于增益过大,PID在时域的性能不尽如人意。
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引用次数: 12
Multi-UAS Path-Planning for a Large-scale Disjoint Disaster Management 大规模离散灾害管理的多无人机路径规划
Pub Date : 2019-06-11 DOI: 10.1109/ICUAS.2019.8797950
Younghoon Choi, Youngjun Choi, Simon Briceno, D. Mavris
A UAS-based disaster management method has been adopted to monitor the disaster impact and protect human lives since it can be rapidly deployed, execute an aerial imaging mission, and provide a cost-efficient operation. In the case of a wildfire disaster, a disaster management is highly complex because of large-scale wildfires that can occur simultaneously and disjointly in a large area. In order to effectively manage these large-scale wildfires, it requires multiple UAS with multiple ground stations. However, conventional UAS-based management methods relies on a single ground station that can have a limitation to handle the large-scale wildfire problem. This paper presents a new path-planning framework for UAS operations including a fleet of UAVs and multiple ground stations. The framework consists of two parts: creating coverage paths for each wildfire and optimizing routes for each UAV. To test the developed framework, this paper uses representative wildfire scenarios in the State of California.
以无人机为基础的灾害管理方法可以快速部署,执行航空成像任务,并提供经济高效的操作,因此可以监测灾害影响并保护人员生命。在野火灾害的情况下,由于大规模野火可以同时发生,也可以在大面积内分散发生,因此灾害管理非常复杂。为了有效地管理这些大规模的野火,需要多个无人机和多个地面站。然而,传统的基于无人机的管理方法依赖于单个地面站,在处理大规模野火问题时可能存在局限性。本文提出了一种新的无人机作战路径规划框架,包括无人机编队和多个地面站。该框架由两部分组成:为每个野火创建覆盖路径和为每个无人机优化路线。为了测试开发的框架,本文使用了加利福尼亚州具有代表性的野火场景。
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引用次数: 5
Pitch and Roll Effects of On-board Wind Measurements Using sUAS 使用sUAS的机载风测量的俯仰和横摇效应
Pub Date : 2019-06-11 DOI: 10.1109/ICUAS.2019.8797707
Derek Hollenbeck, Madoka Oyama, A. Garcia, Y. Chen
Small unmanned aircraft systems (sUAS) are becoming more and more used in atmospheric related applications as fixed remote sensors. Utilizing mobile remote sensing in air pollution applications can be beneficial. This work looks at assessing the accuracy of wind speed and direction measurements under pitch and roll maneuvers with on-board ultrasonic anemometer (UA) using sUAS. A low-cost wind tunnel (LCWT) is used as a first approach to assess this accuracy and the experimental results are compared with ground truth measurements to provide a recommendation for use in the field.
小型无人机系统(sUAS)作为固定式遥感器越来越多地应用于大气相关领域。在空气污染应用中利用移动遥感可能是有益的。这项工作着眼于评估使用sUAS的机载超声风速仪(UA)在俯仰和侧滚机动下风速和风向测量的准确性。采用低成本风洞(LCWT)作为评估该精度的第一种方法,并将实验结果与地面真值测量结果进行比较,以提供在现场使用的建议。
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引用次数: 5
期刊
2019 International Conference on Unmanned Aircraft Systems (ICUAS)
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