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2019 International Conference on Unmanned Aircraft Systems (ICUAS)最新文献

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Design Methodology of a Small Unmanned Airship with Optimized Fins 优化翼型小型无人飞艇设计方法
Pub Date : 2019-06-01 DOI: 10.1109/ICUAS.2019.8797920
Sohan Suvarna, Hoam Chung, R. Pant
This paper presents a novel method for the design of a small unmanned airship with stability considerations. Conventional design methods for airship envelope require the structure weight including the fin weight to be fixed before determining the envelope size. One of the shortcomings of the traditional methodology is that the weight budget of the fin drives the fin design. In contrast to the conventional design methods, our method estimates the envelope size and the fin weight budget simultaneously. Our approach also shows how an airship fin could be optimized to improve directional stability. The design of a small unmanned airship is also discussed in this paper to demonstrate the methodology.
本文提出了一种考虑稳定性的小型无人飞艇设计新方法。飞艇包络线的传统设计方法要求在确定包络线尺寸之前先确定包括翼片重量在内的结构重量。传统方法的缺点之一是鳍的重量预算驱动鳍的设计。与传统的设计方法相比,我们的方法同时估计包络尺寸和鳍重量预算。我们的方法也展示了如何优化飞艇鳍来提高方向稳定性。最后以小型无人飞艇的设计为例,对该方法进行了验证。
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引用次数: 1
A Solution for Searching and Monitoring Forest Fires Based on Multiple UAVs 基于多无人机的森林火灾搜索与监测解决方案
Pub Date : 2019-06-01 DOI: 10.1109/ICUAS.2019.8797786
Yintao Zhang, Youmin Zhang, Ziquan Yu
Forest fires usually appear in complicated terrain, as a result, ground vehicles are obviously inaccessible to these fire areas. In recent years, Unmanned Aerial Vehicles (UAVs) have been paid increasing attention and become a very promising solution to forest fires searching and monitoring. This paper explores the application of UAVs in the wild forest fires searching and fire frontier monitoring mission. First, the FARSITE fire model is used to simulate the realistic wild fire behavior. After that, the fire search problem is solved with Genetic Algorithm (GA). Then, a cooperative fire monitoring algorithm is investigated. Finally, simulation results show the effectiveness of the proposed searching and monitoring methods.
森林火灾通常发生在地形复杂的地区,地面车辆难以进入这些火区。近年来,无人驾驶飞行器(uav)越来越受到人们的重视,成为森林火灾搜索和监测的一种很有前景的解决方案。探讨了无人机在野外森林火灾搜索和火灾边界监测任务中的应用。首先,利用FARSITE火灾模型模拟真实的野外火灾行为。然后,利用遗传算法求解火灾搜索问题。然后,研究了一种协同火灾监控算法。最后,仿真结果表明了所提出的搜索和监测方法的有效性。
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引用次数: 7
Real-time Quadrotor Navigation Through Planning in Depth Space in Unstructured Environments* 在非结构化环境中通过深度空间规划的实时四旋翼导航*
Pub Date : 2019-06-01 DOI: 10.1109/ICUAS.2019.8797948
Shakeeb Ahmad, R. Fierro
This paper addresses the problem of real-time vision-based autonomous obstacle avoidance in unstructured environments for quadrotor UAVs. We assume that our UAV is equipped with a forward facing stereo camera as the only sensor to perceive the world around it. Moreover, all the computations are performed onboard. Feasible trajectory generation in this kind of problems requires rapid collision checks along with efficient planning algorithms. We propose a trajectory generation approach in the depth image space, which refers to the environment information as depicted by the depth images. In order to predict the collision in a look ahead robot trajectory, we create depth images from the sequence of robot poses along the path. We compare these images with the depth images of the actual world sensed through the forward facing stereo camera. We aim at generating fuel optimal trajectories inside the depth image space. In case of a predicted collision, a switching strategy is used to aggressively deviate the quadrotor away from the obstacle. For this purpose we use two closed loop motion primitives based on Linear Quadratic Regulator (LQR) objective functions. The proposed approach is validated through simulation and hardware experiments.
研究了四旋翼无人机在非结构化环境下基于实时视觉的自主避障问题。我们假设我们的无人机配备了一个面向前方的立体摄像头,作为感知周围世界的唯一传感器。此外,所有的计算都是在机载完成的。这类问题的可行轨迹生成需要快速的碰撞检查和高效的规划算法。我们提出了一种在深度图像空间中生成轨迹的方法,该方法引用了深度图像所描述的环境信息。为了预测未来机器人轨迹中的碰撞,我们从机器人沿路径的姿势序列中创建深度图像。我们将这些图像与通过前向立体相机感知的真实世界的深度图像进行比较。我们的目标是在深度图像空间内生成燃料最优轨迹。在预测碰撞的情况下,切换策略是用来积极偏离四旋翼远离障碍物。为此,我们使用了两个基于线性二次调节器(LQR)目标函数的闭环运动原语。通过仿真和硬件实验验证了该方法的有效性。
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引用次数: 9
State Estimation for Aerial Vehicles in Forest Environments 森林环境中飞行器状态估计
Pub Date : 2019-06-01 DOI: 10.1109/ICUAS.2019.8797822
Antonio C. B. Chiella, B. Teixeira, G. Pereira
Autonomous navigation of unnamed vehicles in a forest is a challenging task. In such environments, due to the canopies of the trees, GNSS-based navigation can be degraded or even unavailable. In this paper we propose a state estimation solution for aerial vehicles based on the fusion of GNSS, AHRS and LIDAR-based odometry. In our LIDAR odometry solution, the trunks of the trees are used in a feature-based scan-matching algorithm to estimate the relative movement of the vehicle. Our method uses a robust adaptive fusion algorithm based on the unscented Kalman filter. Experimental data collected during the navigation of a quadrotor in an actual forest environment is used to demonstrate the effectiveness of our approach.
森林中未命名车辆的自主导航是一项具有挑战性的任务。在这种环境下,由于树木的树冠,基于gnss的导航可能会降级甚至不可用。本文提出了一种融合GNSS、AHRS和lidar的飞行器状态估计方法。在我们的激光雷达里程计解决方案中,树干被用于基于特征的扫描匹配算法,以估计车辆的相对运动。该方法采用基于无气味卡尔曼滤波的鲁棒自适应融合算法。在实际森林环境中,四旋翼飞行器导航过程中收集的实验数据证明了我们方法的有效性。
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引用次数: 3
System design and resource analysis for persistent robotic presence with multiple refueling stations 具有多个加气站的机器人持久存在的系统设计和资源分析
Pub Date : 2019-06-01 DOI: 10.1109/ICUAS.2019.8797808
Hyorin Park, J. R. Morrison
Despite the capabilities of unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs), it is not possible to conduct long-term missions with a just few UAVs due to fuel restrictions. This requires a system that includes multiple UAVs and automated recharging stations for an automatic and persistent service. In order to construct a persistent presence system such as local surveillance and monitoring, it is important to determine the design of the mission and the number of resources required. In this paper, a system consisting of multiple target areas and multiple stations is considered. There are two types of stations: refueling and main stations for maintenance. UAVs can travel further using the refueling stations. A decision-free Petri net model for persistency is developed for cyclic paths including multiple immobile targets and stations. From the Petri net model, we derive a closed-form function for the minimum number of resources in the persistent system. A mathematical model that has the objective function derived from the Petri net is developed. To resolve the computational issue, a genetic algorithm (GA) is used to solve the problem. As the result, the minimum number of resources required and the mission path are derived.
尽管无人机(uav)有能力,但由于燃料限制,仅用几架无人机执行长期任务是不可能的。这需要一个包括多架无人机和自动充电站的系统,以实现自动和持久的服务。为了建立一个持久存在的系统,例如当地的监视和监测,必须确定特派团的设计和所需资源的数量。本文考虑了一个由多个目标区域和多个站点组成的系统。有两种类型的站:加油站和维护主站。无人机可以使用燃料补给站飞得更远。针对包含多个固定目标和站点的循环路径,建立了一种无决策Petri网模型。从Petri网模型出发,导出了持久系统中最小资源数的封闭函数。建立了一个由Petri网导出目标函数的数学模型。为了解决计算问题,采用遗传算法(GA)进行求解。从而推导出所需资源的最小数量和任务路径。
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引用次数: 5
Game Theoretic Strategies for an Unmanned Aerial Vehicle Network Host Under DDoS Attack 无人机网络主机在DDoS攻击下的博弈策略
Pub Date : 2019-06-01 DOI: 10.1109/ICUAS.2019.8797939
Aakif Mairaj, Subhrajit Majumder, A. Javaid
Game theory involves the mathematical modeling of the strategic interaction between rational entities. One such example is the interaction between a hacker and the defense mechanisms of its target. There have been different kinds of attacks on an Unmanned Aerial Vehicle (UAV or drone) Network (UAVNet) or a Flying ad hoc network (FANET) in the recent past. The rational solution to such problems is identifying the strategies that can be chosen by the attacker, and selecting a defensive response that is most apt and intelligent while considering all the choices that a target’s defensive mechanisms can make. This paper is an attempt to identify a game like situation, when a single UAV is under a DDoS attack, while a genuine UAVNet is trying to communicate with it. Two different cases of this common attack are simulated, namely, UDP flooding, and ICMP (Ping) flooding. In both cases, the intensity of these attacks is gauged with different choices made by the attacker and the target alike. Finally, the decisions that are conducive to the attacker and the victim are identified.
博弈论涉及理性实体之间战略互动的数学建模。其中一个例子就是黑客与其目标的防御机制之间的交互。在最近的过去,针对无人机(UAV或无人机)网络(UAVNet)或飞行自组织网络(FANET)的攻击类型有所不同。此类问题的合理解决方案是确定攻击者可以选择的策略,并在考虑目标防御机制可能做出的所有选择的同时,选择最合适和最明智的防御响应。本文试图识别一种类似游戏的情况,当一架无人机受到DDoS攻击时,而真正的无人机网络试图与之通信。本文模拟了UDP泛洪和ICMP (Ping)泛洪两种攻击方式。在这两种情况下,这些攻击的强度都是由攻击者和目标做出的不同选择来衡量的。最后,确定有利于攻击者和受害者的决策。
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引用次数: 2
Towards breaching a still water surface with a miniature unmanned aerial underwater vehicle 用微型无人水下航行器突破静止水面
Pub Date : 2019-06-01 DOI: 10.1109/ICUAS.2019.8798350
Jiaming Zha, E. Thacher, Joseph Kroeger, Simo A. Mäkiharju, M. Mueller
Unmanned aerial-underwater vehicles (UAUVs) provide the potential for working on missions in complex multi-domain environments. To achieve amphibian mobility, current UAUV designs rely on additional mechanical components such as multiple layers of propeller blades, water ballast, buoys or wings. This paper presents a miniature UAUV which has a simple mechanical design that resembles a traditional quadcopter. The paper discusses the dynamic modelling, state estimation and control strategy for this UAUV, as well as a detailed characterization of the quadcopter blades operating in the air and water regimes. A strategy for the UAUV to breach calm water surface is then proposed and experimentally tested. The results demonstrate that the UAUV can successfully breach the still water surface, but also show tracking error and breaching delay that are not fully characterized by the model. This suggests the need to carry out further analysis on the dynamics of the UAUV both underwater and in the transition regime.
无人水下航行器(uauv)提供了在复杂的多域环境中执行任务的潜力。为了实现两栖机动性,目前的UAUV设计依赖于额外的机械部件,如多层螺旋桨叶片、压载水、浮标或机翼。本文提出了一种机械设计简单、类似于传统四轴飞行器的微型无人潜航器。本文讨论了该无人机的动态建模、状态估计和控制策略,以及四轴飞行器叶片在空气和水中运行的详细特性。提出了一种水下无人潜航器突破平静水面的策略,并进行了实验测试。结果表明,该系统能够成功突破静水面,但同时也存在跟踪误差和突破延迟,该模型未充分表征该问题。这表明需要对UAUV在水下和过渡状态下的动力学进行进一步分析。
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引用次数: 13
Three Dimensional UAV Path Following Using SDRE Guidance 基于SDRE制导的无人机三维路径跟踪
Pub Date : 2019-06-01 DOI: 10.1109/ICUAS.2019.8798259
Mandeep Singh, Amith Manoharan, Ashwini Ratnoo, P. Sujit
Path following is an essential requirement for unmanned aerial vehicles. Typically, these paths are in three dimensions and the shape of the paths are application dependent. Mapping applications require stationary paths while moving target tracking with a stand-off distance involves moving reference paths. A path following strategy is required that can be used for stationary and moving path following applications and is robust to wind disturbances. In this paper, we propose an adaptive optimal guidance strategy using State Dependent Ricatti Equation (SDRE) approach. Comparison of the guidance law is ascertained and the approach is evaluated under different wind and target motion conditions. The guidance law shows robust performance up to 10 m/s wind speed and can follow different geometric reference paths.
路径跟踪是无人机的基本要求。通常,这些路径是三维的,路径的形状依赖于应用程序。映射应用程序需要固定路径,而移动目标跟踪与距离距离涉及移动参考路径。需要一种路径跟踪策略,可以用于固定和移动路径跟踪应用,并且对风干扰具有鲁棒性。本文提出了一种基于状态相关Ricatti方程(SDRE)的自适应最优制导策略。在不同的风和目标运动条件下,确定了制导规律的比较,并对该方法进行了评价。该制导律在10 m/s风速下具有较强的鲁棒性,可以遵循不同的几何参考路径。
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引用次数: 2
Rod-shaped payload transportation using multiple quadrotors 使用多架四旋翼机的杆状有效载荷运输
Pub Date : 2019-06-01 DOI: 10.1109/ICUAS.2019.8798131
D. K. Villa, A. Brandão, M. Sarcinelli-Filho
Aiming to address and contribute to the topic of load transportation using aerial vehicles, this work presents a cooperative system using two quadrotors to carry a rod-shaped load. The problem is dealt with as a virtual-structure formation, considering the load and quadrotor as a line formation that needs to be accomplished. The load is carried as a cable-suspended one, and a nonlinear controller based on feedback linearization is employed to fulfill the mission requests while minimizing the load oscillations. Experiments were conducted using two AR.Drone 2.0 quadrotors, carrying an aluminum rod. The paper presents the results of such experiments in illustrations and videos, showing the good performance of the proposed algorithms, thus validating them.
为了解决和促进使用飞行器的负载运输问题,本工作提出了一个使用两个四旋翼来携带杆状负载的合作系统。该问题被处理为一个虚拟结构编队,考虑负载和四旋翼作为一个需要完成的线编队。负载采用悬索形式,采用基于反馈线性化的非线性控制器,在满足任务要求的同时使负载振荡最小化。实验使用两架AR.Drone 2.0四旋翼进行,携带一根铝棒。本文以插图和视频的形式给出了这些实验的结果,显示了所提出算法的良好性能,从而验证了所提出算法的有效性。
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引用次数: 11
A computational tool to assess communications’ range and capacity limits of ad-hoc networks of UAVs operating in maritime scenarios 一种计算工具,用于评估在海上情况下操作的无人机自组网的通信范围和容量限制
Pub Date : 2019-06-01 DOI: 10.1109/ICUAS.2019.8797711
Tiago Oliveira, Anna Agamyrzyansc, L. Correia
This paper presents a new computational tool that can be applied to the analysis of communications range and capacity limits of a team of Unmanned Aerial Vehicles (UAVs) operating in ad-hoc networks. The proposed tool is implemented using a modular approach and provides the maximum range of the UAV network, depending on the number of UAVs, on the video data rate of each UAV, and on the number of simultaneous video transmissions. Two application scenarios in maritime environments are specifically considered: 1) collaborative search and tracking of targets and 2) circular formation flight for detection of external threats to ship convoys. Numerical simulations are presented, allowing to characterize the performance of the network. Preliminary flight test results using two ANTEX-X02 UAVs from the Portuguese Air Force (PoAF) are also included.
本文提出了一种新的计算工具,可用于分析在自组织网络中运行的无人机(uav)团队的通信范围和容量限制。所提出的工具使用模块化方法实现,并根据无人机的数量、每架无人机的视频数据速率和同时视频传输的数量提供无人机网络的最大范围。具体考虑了海上环境中的两种应用场景:1)协同搜索和目标跟踪;2)圆形编队飞行,探测船舶护航的外部威胁。给出了数值模拟,以表征网络的性能。使用来自葡萄牙空军(PoAF)的二架ANTEX-X02无人机的初步飞行测试结果也包括在内。
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引用次数: 2
期刊
2019 International Conference on Unmanned Aircraft Systems (ICUAS)
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