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2019 International Conference on Unmanned Aircraft Systems (ICUAS)最新文献

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Flight patterns for clouds exploration with a fleet of UAVs 无人机编队云探测飞行模式
Pub Date : 2019-06-01 DOI: 10.1109/ICUAS.2019.8797953
Titouan Verdu, G. Hattenberger, S. Lacroix
Modeling the cloud microphysics processes is essential to improve our understanding in climate changes and reduce the uncertainties in weather predictions. Aircrafts, remote sensing and ground-based infrastructures provide either sparse or coarse spatial measurements that are not sufficient to develop fine cloud models. UAVs have shown their ability to collect relevant cloud in-situ measures, and can be even more efficient when deployed in fleets. However, collecting relevant cloud data call for specific trajectories: this paper introduces a series of flight patterns dedicated to cloud exploration by a fleet of UAVs. The patterns definition comprise both a priori geometric information and real-time reactions to collected data. Results in simulated clouds assess their relevance for cloud in situ data collection.
模拟云微物理过程对于提高我们对气候变化的认识和减少天气预报的不确定性至关重要。飞机、遥感和地面基础设施提供的稀疏或粗糙的空间测量不足以开发精细的云模型。无人机已经展示了其收集相关云原位测量数据的能力,并且在编队部署时可以更高效。然而,收集相关的云数据需要特定的轨迹:本文介绍了一系列专门用于无人机云探索的飞行模式。模式定义包括先验的几何信息和对收集数据的实时反应。模拟云的结果评估了它们与云原位数据收集的相关性。
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引用次数: 6
A Fast, Robust and Decentralized Approach for Altitude De-confliction of Multiple UAVs 一种快速、鲁棒和分散的多无人机高度冲突解耦方法
Pub Date : 2019-06-01 DOI: 10.1109/ICUAS.2019.8797730
Jiawei Cao, R. Teo, Sunan Huang, Qinyuan Ren
Multiple unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) are now able to complete a wide range of applications. The de-confliction of flight plans of multiple UAVs is essential in providing conflict-free plans for greater efficiency in completing the missions. Centralized de-confliction approaches have been proposed but they are limited by the requirement of a central agency. Therefore, this paper introduces a novel decentralized approach for altitude de-confliction of multiple UAVs. Simulation studies are conducted to show that this approach is fast and robust in handling dynamic changes during the mission.
多架无人机(uav)现在能够完成广泛的应用。多架无人机飞行计划的去冲突是提供无冲突计划以提高任务完成效率的关键。已经提出了集中消除冲突的方法,但它们受到中央机构要求的限制。为此,本文提出了一种分散的多无人机高度冲突解除方法。仿真研究表明,该方法在处理任务过程中的动态变化时速度快、鲁棒性好。
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引用次数: 4
A Novel Quadcopter with A Tilting Frame using Parallel Link Mechanism 一种采用并联连杆机构的新型可倾架四轴飞行器
Pub Date : 2019-06-01 DOI: 10.1109/ICUAS.2019.8797934
Akinori Sakaguchi, T. Takimoto, T. Ushio
This paper is concerned with a novel quadcopter with a tilting capability using a parallel link mechanism. The proposed quadcopter consists of the tilting frame and a main body, and an angle between them is called a tilt angle. A ratio of the current width to the maximum one of the quadcopter is called a folding ratio. Using only one servo motor, it can tilt in the pitch direction and be folded vertically within a user-specified ranges of the tilt angle and the folding ratio, respectively. We show a procedure of determining design parameters of the tilting frame to satisfy specifications given by the user. Due to the tilting mechanism of the frame, the proposed quadcopter is not well-controlled as the tilt angle approaches $pmpi/2$. Therefore, we focus on a stabilization problem of the quadcopter at a desired tilt angle specified by a user around $pmpi/2$ and propose a novel reference tilt angle generator based on the pitch angle. In simulations, we show an effectiveness of the proposed strategy for the reference tilt angle by comparing it with a conventional PID controller under the existence of a disturbance.
本文研究了一种采用并联连杆机构的具有倾斜能力的新型四轴飞行器。提出的四轴飞行器由倾斜框架和主体组成,它们之间的角度称为倾斜角。当前宽度与四轴飞行器的最大宽度之比称为折叠比。仅使用一个伺服电机,它可以在俯仰方向倾斜,并在用户指定的倾斜角度和折叠比例范围内垂直折叠。我们展示了一个程序,确定设计参数的倾斜框架,以满足用户给出的规格。由于框架的倾斜机制,当倾斜角度接近$pmpi/2$时,所提出的四轴飞行器不能很好地控制。因此,我们专注于四轴飞行器在用户指定的$pmpi/2$左右所需倾斜角下的稳定问题,并提出了一种基于俯仰角的新型参考倾斜角发生器。在仿真中,我们通过与传统PID控制器在存在干扰的情况下进行比较,证明了所提策略对参考倾斜角的有效性。
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引用次数: 10
Computationally Efficient Visibility Graph-Based Generation Of 3D Shortest Collision-Free Path Among Polyhedral Obstacles For Unmanned Aerial Vehicles 基于可视化图的无人机多面体障碍物三维最短无碰撞路径生成
Pub Date : 2019-06-01 DOI: 10.1109/ICUAS.2019.8798322
Sunan Huang, R. Teo
Autonomous unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) need to dynamically re-plan paths online to avoid newly detected obstacles and no-fly zones. Existing 3D path planning methods are either too computationally intensive for online use or have practical limitations for actual applications. We propose a new method based on visibility graphs that is both computationally efficient for online use and is suitable for actual applications. We consider the 3D space to be composed of many 2D planes that all pass through the current position of the UAV and the destination point. Finding the shortest collision-free path in each plane is a 2D path planning problem which can be solved by using existing visibility graph algorithms. We then collect all the shortest paths generated from each 2D plane and find the shortest path in the whole 3D space. We present the results of the proposed 3D path planning algorithm for two cases to demonstrate that the proposed method is effective.
自主无人机需要在线动态重新规划路径,以避开新发现的障碍物和禁飞区。现有的三维路径规划方法要么计算量太大,无法在线使用,要么在实际应用中存在实际局限性。我们提出了一种基于可见性图的新方法,它既适合在线使用,又适合实际应用。我们认为三维空间是由许多二维平面组成的,这些平面都经过无人机的当前位置和目的地。寻找每个平面上最短的无碰撞路径是一个二维路径规划问题,可以使用现有的可见性图算法来解决。然后我们收集每个2D平面生成的所有最短路径,并在整个3D空间中找到最短路径。最后给出了两种三维路径规划算法的仿真结果,验证了该算法的有效性。
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引用次数: 18
Parameter-free Regression-based Autonomous Control of Off-the-shelf Quadrotor UAVs 基于无参数回归的四旋翼无人机自主控制
Pub Date : 2019-06-01 DOI: 10.1109/ICUAS.2019.8798034
Rahul Peddi, N. Bezzo
Autonomous flight in unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) generally requires platform-specific knowledge of the dynamical parameters and control architecture. Recently, UAVs have become more accessible with off-the-shelf options that are well-tuned and stable for user teleoperation but due to unknown model parameters, they are typically not ready for autonomous operations. In this paper, we develop a method to enable autonomous flight on vehicles that are designed for teleoperation with minimal knowledge of the dynamical and controller parameters. The proposed method uses a basic knowledge of the control and dynamic architecture along with human teleoperated trajectories as demonstrations to train a thin-plate spline (TPS) regression model, which is then used to manipulate the pre-trained commands to generate new autonomous input commands for autonomous navigation over new trajectories. A statistical approach is also presented together with a satisfiability modulo theories (SMT) solver to assess the learned prediction error and correct to minimize errors in the input generation. A robust control-based strategy is also proposed to adjust autonomous input commands during run-time for closed loop trajectory tracking. Finally, we validate the proposed approach with trajectory-following experiments on a quadrotor UAV.
无人驾驶飞行器(uav)的自主飞行通常需要平台特定的动态参数和控制体系结构知识。最近,无人机已经变得更容易获得现成的选项,这些选项对用户远程操作进行了很好的调整和稳定,但由于未知的模型参数,它们通常不适合自主操作。在本文中,我们开发了一种方法,使自主飞行的车辆设计为远程操作,以最小的动态和控制器参数的知识。该方法使用控制和动态架构的基本知识以及人类远程操作轨迹作为演示来训练薄板样条(TPS)回归模型,然后使用该模型来操作预训练的命令以生成新的自主输入命令,用于在新轨迹上进行自主导航。提出了一种统计方法,并结合可满足模理论(SMT)求解器来评估学习到的预测误差,并对输入生成中的误差进行修正以使误差最小化。提出了一种鲁棒控制策略,在运行时调整自主输入命令,实现闭环轨迹跟踪。最后,在四旋翼无人机上进行了轨迹跟踪实验,验证了所提方法的有效性。
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引用次数: 1
Observability Analysis and Bayesian Filtering for Self-Localization of a Tethered Multicopter in GPS-Denied Environments gps拒绝环境下系留多旋翼机自定位的可观测性分析与贝叶斯滤波
Pub Date : 2019-06-01 DOI: 10.1109/ICUAS.2019.8797913
Amer Al-Radaidehl, Liang Sun
A main challenge for multicopter unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) is to consistently obtain its accurate position. The integration of the Inertial Navigation System (INS) and Global Positioning System (GPS) is a common strategy to compensate the accumulated drifting errors caused by the onboard Inertial Measurement Unit (IMU). In environments where the GPS signal is degraded or unavailable (e.g., cluttered, hostile, urban, and underwater areas), other solutions must be pursued for the multicopter localization. In this paper, a novel approach is presented that estimates the relative position of a multicopter tethered to a ground mobile platform. The proposed approach uses the measurements collected by solely the commercial-of-the-shelf (COTS) IMU onboard the multicopter. The observability analysis of the system is performed to demonstrate the validity of using a Bayesian filter that was developed to account for the uncertainty in the measurements. Simulation were conducted and the results showed that the developed Bayesian filter, with accurate localization estimates, outperforms a Low-Pass-Filtering approach that was developed by the authors before.
多旋翼无人机(uav)的主要挑战是始终如一地获得其精确位置。惯性导航系统(INS)与全球定位系统(GPS)的集成是补偿星载惯性测量单元(IMU)造成的累积漂移误差的常用策略。在GPS信号退化或不可用的环境中(例如,杂乱、敌对、城市和水下区域),必须寻求其他解决方案来实现多直升机定位。在本文中,提出了一种新的方法来估计多旋翼飞机拴在地面移动平台的相对位置。所提出的方法仅使用多旋翼机上商用货架(COTS) IMU收集的测量数据。系统的可观测性分析是为了证明使用贝叶斯滤波器的有效性,该滤波器是为考虑测量中的不确定性而开发的。仿真结果表明,所提出的贝叶斯滤波器具有准确的定位估计,优于作者之前提出的低通滤波方法。
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引用次数: 10
Containment Control Based on Adaptive Sliding Mode for a MAV Swarm System under perturbation 微扰下MAV群系统的自适应滑模控制
Pub Date : 2019-06-01 DOI: 10.1109/ICUAS.2019.8797861
Carlos Katt, H. Castañeda
This paper addresses an adaptive containment control for a MAV swarm system, which is subject to perturbations. The graph theory formulation is using to establish the roles of leaders and followers as well as their interaction, and then, an adaptive sliding mode controller is proposed in order to keep the containment in presence of external disturbances on their desired relative positions with respect to the leaders while tracking a time-variant trajectory. The advantage of this control method relies on its robustness while driving its adaptive gain as uncertainties/perturbations appear. Simulations results illustrate the feasibility and advantages of the proposed strategy.
本文研究了受摄动影响的MAV群系统的自适应遏制控制。利用图论公式建立了领导者和追随者的角色以及他们之间的相互作用,然后提出了一种自适应滑模控制器,以便在跟踪时变轨迹时保持对领导者期望相对位置的外部干扰存在。该控制方法的优点在于其鲁棒性,同时在不确定性/扰动出现时驱动其自适应增益。仿真结果验证了该策略的可行性和优越性。
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引用次数: 1
Trajectory-tracking of a Heterogeneous Formation Using Null Space-Based Control 基于空基控制的异质编队轨迹跟踪
Pub Date : 2019-06-01 DOI: 10.1109/ICUAS.2019.8798031
Valentim Ernandes Neto, M. Sarcinelli-Filho, A. Brandão
This work discusses a trajectory tracking task accomplished by a formation of two heterogeneous robots, namely a Pioneer 3-DX (UGV) and an AR.Drone 2.0 quadcopter (UAV). The control paradigm considers the formation as a virtual structure, here represented by a 3D straight line linking the two agents. The formation is characterized by the distance between the two robots and two angles, measured between the linking-line and the YZ and XZ planes. In this approach, the formation position coincides with the UGV position. The transformation between the robot to formation variables allows characterizing the motion and shape of the formation starting from the movement of the robots, or vice-versa. Then, a controller guides the formation and manages two conflicting subtasks (reach the desired robot position or keep the formation shape), whose priority is defined by the null space-based approach. Finally, real experiments validate the proposed approach during trajectory-tracking tasks for three scenarios, one assigning the highest priority to the formation position, another to the formation shape, and a last one, without any priority. In addition, we evaluated the formation behavior in failure situations in one of the robots.
这项工作讨论了由两个异构机器人组成的轨迹跟踪任务,即先锋3-DX (UGV)和AR.Drone 2.0四轴飞行器(UAV)。控制范式将编队视为一个虚拟结构,这里用连接两个智能体的三维直线表示。该编队的特征是两个机器人之间的距离和两个角度,在连接线和YZ和XZ平面之间测量。在这种方法中,编队位置与UGV位置重合。机器人到队形变量之间的转换允许从机器人的运动开始表征队形的运动和形状,反之亦然。然后,控制器引导编队并管理两个相互冲突的子任务(到达期望的机器人位置或保持编队形状),其优先级由基于零空间的方法定义。最后,通过实际实验验证了该方法在三种情况下的轨迹跟踪任务,一种是对编队位置分配最高优先级,另一种是对编队形状分配最高优先级,最后一种是没有任何优先级。此外,我们还评估了其中一个机器人在失效情况下的地层行为。
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引用次数: 15
On systems of UAVs for persistent security presence: A generic network representation, MDP formulation and heuristics for task allocation 用于持续安全存在的无人机系统:通用网络表示、MDP公式和任务分配的启发式方法
Pub Date : 2019-06-01 DOI: 10.1109/ICUAS.2019.8797863
Minjun Kim, J. R. Morrison
We develop a task allocation method for persistent UAV security presence (PUSP). UAVs accompany customers and thereby provide security services to them. Key features incorporated are randomness in the arrival of customers and travel durations. We formalize our system as a general network consisting of nodes, arcs, UAVs and routes. From the network, we automatically generate a Markov decision process (MDP) model and simulator. The MDP formulation can be solved exactly only for small problems. In such cases, we employ classic value iteration to obtain optimal polices. To address larger systems consisting of more resources, we develop a greedy task assignment heuristic (GTAH) and simplified MDP heuristics (SMH). Numerical studies demonstrate that the GTAH is approximately 10% suboptimal and that the SMH is about 4% suboptimal with regard to small-scale problems. For larger problems $(sim 10^{90}$ states), the performance of the SMH is approximately 3% better than that of the GTAH
提出了一种无人机持久安全存在(PUSP)任务分配方法。无人机陪伴客户,从而为他们提供安全服务。主要特点是客户到达和旅行持续时间的随机性。我们将系统形式化为一个由节点、弧线、无人机和路线组成的一般网络。从网络中自动生成马尔可夫决策过程(MDP)模型和仿真器。MDP配方只能精确地解决小问题。在这种情况下,我们使用经典值迭代来获得最优策略。为了解决包含更多资源的大型系统,我们开发了贪婪任务分配启发式(GTAH)和简化的MDP启发式(SMH)。数值研究表明,对于小规模问题,GTAH约为次优10%,SMH约为次优4%。对于较大的问题$(sim 10^{90}$状态),SMH的性能比GTAH的性能大约好3%
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引用次数: 4
Adaptive Control for a Tilted-Motors Hexacopter UAS Flying on a Perturbed Environment 倾斜马达六旋翼无人机摄动环境下的自适应控制
Pub Date : 2019-06-01 DOI: 10.1109/ICUAS.2019.8798048
Jorge M. Arizaga, H. Castañeda, P. Castillo
This manuscript presents the modeling and control for a tilted-motors hexacopter unmanned aircraft system, which is subject to external perturbations. A tilt angle for each rotor on the rotorcraft is considered allowing a fully-actuated system, capable to exert horizontal forces. Given the robustness properties and the management of control effort, the controller design is based on adaptive sliding mode technique providing stabilization and tracking of desired trajectories under a perturbed environment. Finally, numerical simulations show the feasibility and advantages of the proposed scheme.
本文介绍了受外部扰动影响的倾斜马达六旋翼无人机系统的建模和控制。旋翼飞机上每个旋翼的倾斜角被认为允许一个完全驱动的系统,能够施加水平力。考虑到鲁棒性和控制努力的管理,控制器设计基于自适应滑模技术,在扰动环境下提供所需轨迹的稳定和跟踪。最后,通过数值仿真验证了该方案的可行性和优越性。
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引用次数: 2
期刊
2019 International Conference on Unmanned Aircraft Systems (ICUAS)
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