Pub Date : 2019-11-14DOI: 10.1177/0260107919874249
T. Buchanan, Adian McFarlane, A. Das
Using 2015 Canadian time diary data, we analyse how the gender gap in market work hours is linked to gender inequality in parenting time and household labour hours (N = 2,296). Among Canadians who are 15–34 years of age, we examine three family groupings, single without children, married without children and married with children. For the married with children group, we focus on respondents with at least one child aged 0–4 years. We find that the gender gap in market work is not significant for those single and married without children. For the married without children group, a gender gap exists for household labour. This suggests that a gender gap in household labour exists prior to the onset of children. As expected, a large gender gap in market work presents itself for married/common law respondents with young children. Half of the gender gap in market work is explained by household labour hours and parenting time. Our study demonstrates that time allocations contribute substantively to gender inequality in market work. Yet, the large unexplained part of the gap suggests that this issue is larger and more complex than mere bargaining decisions about domestic and market time. JEL: I24, J13, J16, C10
{"title":"The Gender Gap in Market Work Hours Among Canadians: Examining Essential(ist) Linkages to Parenting Time and Household Labour Hours","authors":"T. Buchanan, Adian McFarlane, A. Das","doi":"10.1177/0260107919874249","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/0260107919874249","url":null,"abstract":"Using 2015 Canadian time diary data, we analyse how the gender gap in market work hours is linked to gender inequality in parenting time and household labour hours (N = 2,296). Among Canadians who are 15–34 years of age, we examine three family groupings, single without children, married without children and married with children. For the married with children group, we focus on respondents with at least one child aged 0–4 years. We find that the gender gap in market work is not significant for those single and married without children. For the married without children group, a gender gap exists for household labour. This suggests that a gender gap in household labour exists prior to the onset of children. As expected, a large gender gap in market work presents itself for married/common law respondents with young children. Half of the gender gap in market work is explained by household labour hours and parenting time. Our study demonstrates that time allocations contribute substantively to gender inequality in market work. Yet, the large unexplained part of the gap suggests that this issue is larger and more complex than mere bargaining decisions about domestic and market time. JEL: I24, J13, J16, C10","PeriodicalId":42664,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Interdisciplinary Economics","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2019-11-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1177/0260107919874249","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44001655","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-10-30DOI: 10.1177/0260107919866534
S. Da Silva, Raul Matsushita, Rafaela Ludwig, Luiggi Bellincanta
We replicate the finding that females perform better than males in the task switching type of multitasking. We also find that multitasking impairs cognitive reflection through ego depletion, regardless of gender. However, the cognitive reflection of males is relatively more weakened after multitasking. This suggests that ego depletion may be an interesting candidate mechanism to explain gender differences in multitasking performance. JEL: D03, C91, M5
{"title":"Ego Depletion May Explain Gender Differences in Multitasking","authors":"S. Da Silva, Raul Matsushita, Rafaela Ludwig, Luiggi Bellincanta","doi":"10.1177/0260107919866534","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/0260107919866534","url":null,"abstract":"We replicate the finding that females perform better than males in the task switching type of multitasking. We also find that multitasking impairs cognitive reflection through ego depletion, regardless of gender. However, the cognitive reflection of males is relatively more weakened after multitasking. This suggests that ego depletion may be an interesting candidate mechanism to explain gender differences in multitasking performance. JEL: D03, C91, M5","PeriodicalId":42664,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Interdisciplinary Economics","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2019-10-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1177/0260107919866534","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48552005","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-07-01DOI: 10.1177/0260107917736408
Kavous Ardalan
Any explanation of ideology is based on a worldview. The premise of this article is that any worldview can be associated with one of the four broad paradigms: functionalist, interpretive, radical humanist and radical structuralist. This article takes the case of ideology and discusses it from the four different viewpoints. It emphasizes that the four views expressed are equally scientific and informative; they look at the phenomenon from their certain paradigmatic viewpoint, and together they provide a more balanced understanding of the phenomenon under consideration. JEL: A12, B41, B50
{"title":"Ideology: A Multi-paradigmatic Approach","authors":"Kavous Ardalan","doi":"10.1177/0260107917736408","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/0260107917736408","url":null,"abstract":"Any explanation of ideology is based on a worldview. The premise of this article is that any worldview can be associated with one of the four broad paradigms: functionalist, interpretive, radical humanist and radical structuralist. This article takes the case of ideology and discusses it from the four different viewpoints. It emphasizes that the four views expressed are equally scientific and informative; they look at the phenomenon from their certain paradigmatic viewpoint, and together they provide a more balanced understanding of the phenomenon under consideration. JEL: A12, B41, B50","PeriodicalId":42664,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Interdisciplinary Economics","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2019-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1177/0260107917736408","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48924759","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-07-01DOI: 10.1177/0260107919848640
Hans J. Czap, Natalia V. Czap
Bribes are gifts that are given with an expectation of favourable treatment from a public official or an authority figure. In some cultures, gift giving is a widely accepted part of social interaction and the rejection of gifts may be frowned upon. The purpose of this article is to investigate whether and how the (in)ability to reject gifts/bribes impacts corrupt behaviour. We present the results of an economic experiment in which two agents (firms) are competing for governmental funds. The firms may choose to bribe a public official, who is responsible for distributing the funds. We find that if there is an option to reject bribes, then the average funds allocated to the bribers are lower than in case there is no such option. This holds regardless of whether the bribe was, in fact, accepted or rejected. We also find that if the bribe was rejected, the bribers receive less governmental funds on average. Our results shed some light on the persistence of corruption in cultures in which giving gifts and expecting gifts in return is a deeply rooted custom. Prevalence of this practice in the social context spills over into the business context and leads to higher corruption levels, and more economic distortion than when bribing is just a form of business transaction. JEL: D01, D02, D73, D90
{"title":"‘I Gave You More’: Discretionary Power in a Corruption Experiment","authors":"Hans J. Czap, Natalia V. Czap","doi":"10.1177/0260107919848640","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/0260107919848640","url":null,"abstract":"Bribes are gifts that are given with an expectation of favourable treatment from a public official or an authority figure. In some cultures, gift giving is a widely accepted part of social interaction and the rejection of gifts may be frowned upon. The purpose of this article is to investigate whether and how the (in)ability to reject gifts/bribes impacts corrupt behaviour. We present the results of an economic experiment in which two agents (firms) are competing for governmental funds. The firms may choose to bribe a public official, who is responsible for distributing the funds. We find that if there is an option to reject bribes, then the average funds allocated to the bribers are lower than in case there is no such option. This holds regardless of whether the bribe was, in fact, accepted or rejected. We also find that if the bribe was rejected, the bribers receive less governmental funds on average. Our results shed some light on the persistence of corruption in cultures in which giving gifts and expecting gifts in return is a deeply rooted custom. Prevalence of this practice in the social context spills over into the business context and leads to higher corruption levels, and more economic distortion than when bribing is just a form of business transaction. JEL: D01, D02, D73, D90","PeriodicalId":42664,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Interdisciplinary Economics","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2019-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1177/0260107919848640","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44911193","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Piero Sraffa: Making a Revolution in Economic Theory","authors":"A. Bagchi","doi":"10.1177/0260107918808048","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/0260107918808048","url":null,"abstract":"Ajit Sinha, A Revolution in Economic Theory: The Economics of Piero Sraffa, New York, NY: Palgrave Macmillan, 2016, pp. xviii–244.","PeriodicalId":42664,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Interdisciplinary Economics","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2019-04-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1177/0260107918808048","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46524585","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
This article examines the role of cognitive ability or intelligence on slave exports from Africa. We test a hypothesis that countries which were endowed with higher levels of cognitive ability were more likely to experience lower levels of slave exports from Africa probably due to comparatively better capacities to organize, co-operate, oversee and confront slave traders. The investigated hypothesis is valid from alternative specifications involving varying conditioning information sets. The findings are also robust to the control of outliers. JEL: I20, I29, N30
{"title":"Intelligence and Slave Exports from Africa","authors":"S. Asongu, Oasis Kodila‐Tedika","doi":"10.2139/ssrn.3328006","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.3328006","url":null,"abstract":"This article examines the role of cognitive ability or intelligence on slave exports from Africa. We test a hypothesis that countries which were endowed with higher levels of cognitive ability were more likely to experience lower levels of slave exports from Africa probably due to comparatively better capacities to organize, co-operate, oversee and confront slave traders. The investigated hypothesis is valid from alternative specifications involving varying conditioning information sets. The findings are also robust to the control of outliers. JEL: I20, I29, N30","PeriodicalId":42664,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Interdisciplinary Economics","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2019-02-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48419955","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-01-09DOI: 10.1177/0260107918812306
H. Feldmann
Using data on 150 countries, this article studies if and how the largest world religions have affected the extent of primary education at the national level over the period 1972–2010. Although primary education has been compulsory in most countries for at least several decades, the regression results suggest that these religions have indeed still been able to exert an influence on this type of education. Specifically, whereas Protestantism and Catholicism had a positive effect on the male primary enrolment rate, Hinduism and Buddhism had a negative effect on the female primary enrolment rate. Islam had a negative effect on both. While the magnitude of the estimated effects is small for boys, it is more substantial for girls, particularly the negative effect of Islam. The estimates are robust to endogeneity of all five religion adherence variables. They are also robust to numerous controls and variations in specification. JEL: I21, N30, O15, Z12
{"title":"World Religions and Human Capital Investment: The Case of Primary Education","authors":"H. Feldmann","doi":"10.1177/0260107918812306","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/0260107918812306","url":null,"abstract":"Using data on 150 countries, this article studies if and how the largest world religions have affected the extent of primary education at the national level over the period 1972–2010. Although primary education has been compulsory in most countries for at least several decades, the regression results suggest that these religions have indeed still been able to exert an influence on this type of education. Specifically, whereas Protestantism and Catholicism had a positive effect on the male primary enrolment rate, Hinduism and Buddhism had a negative effect on the female primary enrolment rate. Islam had a negative effect on both. While the magnitude of the estimated effects is small for boys, it is more substantial for girls, particularly the negative effect of Islam. The estimates are robust to endogeneity of all five religion adherence variables. They are also robust to numerous controls and variations in specification. JEL: I21, N30, O15, Z12","PeriodicalId":42664,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Interdisciplinary Economics","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2019-01-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1177/0260107918812306","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46870852","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-01-02DOI: 10.1177/0260107918812535
D. Hawkes
Financial derivatives dominate the twenty-first century economy. Such instruments are performative signs, in the sense that they do not refer to any substantial use-value but rather carry their value within themselves. Financial derivatives thus represent a movement towards the autonomy of representation in the economic sphere, which parallels the rise of performative representation in linguistics and philosophy. The independent power of signs has historically been subjected to severe ethical criticism. To imagine that signs can do things has always been denounced as magic, idolatry and fetishism. In the economic sphere the autonomous reproduction of financial signs has been criticized as ‘usury.’ In order to achieve an ethical perspective on the rise to power of financial derivatives, and also on the wider power of signs in postmodernity, we would do well to revive such forms of moral semiotics, and to apply them to the autonomous representations of our own era. JEL: A12, A13, B14, E44, Z13
{"title":"Against Financial Derivatives: Towards an Ethics of Representation","authors":"D. Hawkes","doi":"10.1177/0260107918812535","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/0260107918812535","url":null,"abstract":"Financial derivatives dominate the twenty-first century economy. Such instruments are performative signs, in the sense that they do not refer to any substantial use-value but rather carry their value within themselves. Financial derivatives thus represent a movement towards the autonomy of representation in the economic sphere, which parallels the rise of performative representation in linguistics and philosophy. The independent power of signs has historically been subjected to severe ethical criticism. To imagine that signs can do things has always been denounced as magic, idolatry and fetishism. In the economic sphere the autonomous reproduction of financial signs has been criticized as ‘usury.’ In order to achieve an ethical perspective on the rise to power of financial derivatives, and also on the wider power of signs in postmodernity, we would do well to revive such forms of moral semiotics, and to apply them to the autonomous representations of our own era. JEL: A12, A13, B14, E44, Z13","PeriodicalId":42664,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Interdisciplinary Economics","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2019-01-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1177/0260107918812535","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49034117","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-01-01DOI: 10.1177/0260107918770952
Kristina Hodelin-ter Wal
During the mid-nineteenth century, many Tamils in Ceylon sent their children to Protestant missionary schools while some adults went to work for missionaries to gain education and employment. Though the ties to the Vellalar caste were strong, the gains of colonial employment and education were more influential to those of the Vellalar caste intermingling with Christian missionaries. Interaction with British and American missionaries in the early to late nineteenth century ultimately led to the migration of this group to British Malaya. Circumstances in Ceylon, as well as the drive for resources such as education and employment, led to the push away from the old colony of Ceylon to the frontier colony of Malaya. This article will showcase the agency of the Ceylonese Tamils within British Ceylon and Malaya during the late colonial era. In order to understand the clout of Ceylonese Tamils in the frontier colony of Malaya, an examination of the agency they held onto in British Ceylon is essential for review. The transfer of educational and religious networks from one colony to the other is the core of comprehending the migratory experiences and intergenerational mobility over generations in colonial to post-colonial Malaya/Malaysia. JEL: N00, Z12, Z10
{"title":"‘The Worldly Advantage It Gives … ’ Missionary Education, Migration and Intergenerational Mobility in the Long Nineteenth Century, Ceylon and Malaya 1816–1916","authors":"Kristina Hodelin-ter Wal","doi":"10.1177/0260107918770952","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/0260107918770952","url":null,"abstract":"During the mid-nineteenth century, many Tamils in Ceylon sent their children to Protestant missionary schools while some adults went to work for missionaries to gain education and employment. Though the ties to the Vellalar caste were strong, the gains of colonial employment and education were more influential to those of the Vellalar caste intermingling with Christian missionaries. Interaction with British and American missionaries in the early to late nineteenth century ultimately led to the migration of this group to British Malaya. Circumstances in Ceylon, as well as the drive for resources such as education and employment, led to the push away from the old colony of Ceylon to the frontier colony of Malaya. This article will showcase the agency of the Ceylonese Tamils within British Ceylon and Malaya during the late colonial era. In order to understand the clout of Ceylonese Tamils in the frontier colony of Malaya, an examination of the agency they held onto in British Ceylon is essential for review. The transfer of educational and religious networks from one colony to the other is the core of comprehending the migratory experiences and intergenerational mobility over generations in colonial to post-colonial Malaya/Malaysia. JEL: N00, Z12, Z10","PeriodicalId":42664,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Interdisciplinary Economics","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2019-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1177/0260107918770952","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"64980389","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-01-01DOI: 10.1177/0260107918770954
Sanam Roohi
Guntur-Krishna districts in the state of Andhra Pradesh has seen intense mobility of professionals to the USA from among the ‘dominant’ castes of the region, particularly the Kammas. Kammas were a rural agrarian caste who have successfully transnationalized themselves, but continue to have strong connections with their region of origin. Rather than making sense of this duality only through anthropological literature on transnationalism, in this account, taking a longue durée approach, I show how certain historical moments in the region created possibilities for the Kammas to first become urbanized, and later, cater to the demand of flexible high skilled labour in the west. Using a meso and micro level schema, the article argues that transnational migration was preceded by changes in the political economy of the region due to the region’s encounter with the colonial state. Moreover, the response of the community to these changes to achieve social and economic mobility further facilitated their rural to urban migration and, later, transnational migration. Finally, this article argues that rather than understanding transnational migration patterns through a statist lens, a more dissgaregated historical analysis is vital to bring out region and community inflected constitutive elements of such migration. JEL: O15, J61, N35
{"title":"Historicizing Mobility Trajectories of Highskilled Migrants from Coastal Andhra to the United States","authors":"Sanam Roohi","doi":"10.1177/0260107918770954","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/0260107918770954","url":null,"abstract":"Guntur-Krishna districts in the state of Andhra Pradesh has seen intense mobility of professionals to the USA from among the ‘dominant’ castes of the region, particularly the Kammas. Kammas were a rural agrarian caste who have successfully transnationalized themselves, but continue to have strong connections with their region of origin. Rather than making sense of this duality only through anthropological literature on transnationalism, in this account, taking a longue durée approach, I show how certain historical moments in the region created possibilities for the Kammas to first become urbanized, and later, cater to the demand of flexible high skilled labour in the west. Using a meso and micro level schema, the article argues that transnational migration was preceded by changes in the political economy of the region due to the region’s encounter with the colonial state. Moreover, the response of the community to these changes to achieve social and economic mobility further facilitated their rural to urban migration and, later, transnational migration. Finally, this article argues that rather than understanding transnational migration patterns through a statist lens, a more dissgaregated historical analysis is vital to bring out region and community inflected constitutive elements of such migration. JEL: O15, J61, N35","PeriodicalId":42664,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Interdisciplinary Economics","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2019-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1177/0260107918770954","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"64980409","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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