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Beliefs about the Benefits of Breastfeeding: Formation and Effects on Breastfeeding Intention and Persistence 关于母乳喂养益处的信念:对母乳喂养意图和持久性的形成和影响
IF 0.6 Q3 Economics, Econometrics and Finance Pub Date : 2018-12-05 DOI: 10.1177/0260107918809878
I. Topolyan, Xu Xu
Using data from the Infant Feeding Practices Survey (IFPS) II, we investigate whether women’s beliefs about the benefits of breastfeeding significantly affect breastfeeding intention and breastfeeding persistence. We uncover factors that affect women’s beliefs about the benefits of breastfeeding. Our model allows for the endogenous belief formation and could be extended to study a wide range of situations, including beliefs about the benefits of exercise, organic versus conventional food consumption and so on. We find that beliefs have a highly statistically significant effect on breastfeeding intention and the likelihood of breastfeeding at the third and sixth month, which suggests the potential usefulness of educational campaigns aimed at raising breastfeeding awareness. Beliefs are indeed endogenous in the model of breastfeeding intention but not of breastfeeding persistence. JEL: D13, I10, I18, J13
利用婴儿喂养实践调查(IFPS)II的数据,我们调查了女性对母乳喂养益处的信念是否会显著影响母乳喂养意愿和母乳喂养持续性。我们揭示了影响女性对母乳喂养益处的信念的因素。我们的模型考虑到了内生信念的形成,可以扩展到研究广泛的情况,包括对运动益处的信念、有机食品与传统食品的消费等。我们发现,信念对母乳喂养意愿以及第三个月和第六个月母乳喂养的可能性有非常显著的统计影响,这表明了旨在提高母乳喂养意识的教育运动的潜在作用。在母乳喂养意向模型中,信念确实是内生的,但在母乳喂养持续性模型中则不然。JEL:D13,I10,I18,J13
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引用次数: 2
Migration: Change and Continuity 迁移:变化和连续性
IF 0.6 Q3 Economics, Econometrics and Finance Pub Date : 2018-11-11 DOI: 10.1177/0260107918780157
Tirthankar Roy, C. Tumbe
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引用次数: 2
Super-exploitation of Adivasi Migrant Workers: The Political Economy of Migration from Southern Rajasthan to Gujarat 对土著移民工人的超级剥削:南拉贾斯坦邦向古吉拉特邦移民的政治经济学
IF 0.6 Q3 Economics, Econometrics and Finance Pub Date : 2018-06-25 DOI: 10.1177/0260107918776569
Priyanka Jain, Amrita Sharma
This article offers a political economy account of labour migration of Adivasi workers from southern Rajasthan to growth centres in Gujarat. It unpacks the structural forces that shape this labour mobility, which erupted only as recently as 30 years back. The article focuses on three industries that are key employers of migrant workers—construction, textile as well as small hotels and restaurants in the Gujarati cities of Ahmedabad and Surat. It presents evidence on labour market segmentation and resulting unequal wage distribution between migrants in this corridor by their social group. This is complemented by an extensive mapping of the informal practices that violate applicable legal provisions found in these industry segments. Through these, the article teases out the mechanisms by which the community undergoes what in Marxian terms are referred to as surplus extraction and super-exploitation. The article finds that Gujarat’s economy utilizes the historically low socio-economic position of Adivasis for capitalist accumulation, such that the community’s poverty and disadvantaged position is reproduced inter-generationally, instead of being interrupted by their employment in the growth centres of the state. JEL: O15, J61, N35
本文对阿迪瓦西工人从拉贾斯坦邦南部向古吉拉特邦增长中心的劳动力迁移进行了政治经济学描述。它揭示了形成这种劳动力流动的结构性力量,这种流动在30年前才刚刚爆发。这篇文章聚焦于三个主要雇佣移民工人的行业——建筑业、纺织业以及古吉拉特邦城市艾哈迈达巴德和苏拉特的小型酒店和餐馆。它提供了劳动力市场分割的证据,以及由此导致的该走廊移民之间按其社会群体的不平等工资分配。此外,还对这些行业中违反适用法律规定的非正式做法进行了广泛的摸底。通过这些,文章揭示了社区经历马克思主义所说的剩余开采和超级剥削的机制。文章发现,古吉拉特邦的经济利用阿迪瓦西斯历史上较低的社会经济地位进行资本主义积累,从而使社区的贫困和弱势地位在代际之间重现,而不是因他们在该邦增长中心的就业而中断。JEL:O15,J61,N35
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引用次数: 14
Mass Migration from Rural India: A Restudy of Kunkeri Village in Konkan, Maharashtra, 1961–1987–2017 印度农村人口大规模迁移:马哈拉施特拉邦康坎村的再研究,1961-1987-2017
IF 0.6 Q3 Economics, Econometrics and Finance Pub Date : 2018-06-14 DOI: 10.1177/0260107918776563
Kalyani Vartak, C. Tumbe, A. Bhide
This article examines a particular village—Kunkeri—in Konkan, Maharashtra, characterized by persistent mass outmigration for over five decades, by combining a field study in 2017 with detailed ethnographic and statistical baseline data collected by the Census of India in 1961 and 1987. It documents the increase in outmigration rates, catch-up in outmigration intensities by the lowest castes to those of the upper castes, diversification of household migration strategies and outmigrants’ occupations, the lessening of single-male migration strategies, the presence of a diasporic association and the growing significance of commuting and migration for education. Yet, despite mass outmigration and a general rise in the standard of living across castes, we observe strong continuity in the distribution of castes and land ownership structures within Kunkeri. These findings point to both the transformative and status-quo preserving features of persistent mass migration from rural India. JEL: O15, J61, N35
本文将2017年的一项实地研究与1961年和1987年印度人口普查收集的详细民族志和统计基线数据相结合,研究了马哈拉施特拉邦孔坎的一个特定村庄——昆克里,该村庄的特点是50多年来持续的大规模外移。它记录了向外移民率的上升,最低种姓向外移民强度赶上了上层种姓,家庭移民策略和向外移民职业的多样化,单身男性移民策略的减少,散居者协会的存在,以及通勤和移民对教育的日益重要。然而,尽管大规模移民外流,各种姓的生活水平普遍提高,但我们观察到昆克里的种姓分布和土地所有权结构具有很强的连续性。这些发现指出了印度农村持续大规模移民的变革性和维持现状的特点。JEL:O15,J61,N35
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引用次数: 4
Political Regime Types and Economic Development in Nigeria: Significance of Conflict and Corruption 尼日利亚政治制度类型与经济发展:冲突与腐败的意义
IF 0.6 Q3 Economics, Econometrics and Finance Pub Date : 2018-05-31 DOI: 10.1177/0260107918769539
Olalekan Charles Okunlola
This article investigates the short- and long-run effects of political regimes (POLREGs) on economic development in Nigeria between 1984 and 2015. It looks at the effects of the conflict (CONFL) and corruption (COR) on economic development indicators and examines the interactive effect of POLREGs and COR as well as CONFL on economic development. COR and CONFL seem to be more prevalent in Nigeria during democracy relative to the periods under dictatorship. Using the Autoregressive Distributed Lag (ARDL) approach to cointegration, it derived a number of robust conclusions. Democracy in the long run yields higher economic development when it is devoid of CONFL and COR, while autocracy hinders economic development. In the short run however, more autocracy fosters economic development in Nigeria while democracy hinders it. COR portends grave threat to the development of Nigeria’s economy as it reduces development in the long run. Effect of CONFL on economic development in Nigeria is unclear. These findings highlight the need to establish effective anti-graft agencies to fight COR to the barest minimum in Nigeria. They also highlight the need to employ CONFL resolution mechanisms in resolving CONFL issues in the democratization process of the country. JEL: D74, K420, P160, O1, Q550
本文调查了1984年至2015年间尼日利亚政治制度对经济发展的短期和长期影响。它考察了冲突和腐败对经济发展指标的影响,并考察了POLREGs和COR以及冲突和腐败对于经济发展的互动影响。与独裁统治时期相比,COR和CONFL在尼日利亚民主时期似乎更为普遍。利用自回归分布滞后(ARDL)方法进行协整,得出了一些稳健的结论。从长远来看,民主在没有CONFL和COR的情况下会带来更高的经济发展,而专制则会阻碍经济发展。然而,从短期来看,更多的专制促进了尼日利亚的经济发展,而民主阻碍了经济发展。COR预示着尼日利亚经济的发展将受到严重威胁,因为它从长远来看会减少发展。CONFL对尼日利亚经济发展的影响尚不清楚。这些发现强调了建立有效的反腐机构的必要性,以在尼日利亚将COR降至最低。他们还强调,在该国民主化进程中,有必要利用CONFL解决机制来解决CONFL问题。JEL:D74,K420,P160,O1,Q550
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引用次数: 8
Explaining the Impact of Formal Institutions on Social Trust: A Psychological Approach 解释正式制度对社会信任的影响:一种心理学方法
IF 0.6 Q3 Economics, Econometrics and Finance Pub Date : 2018-05-31 DOI: 10.1177/0260107917742743
Larysa Tamilina, Natalya Tamilina
By drawing on psychological models of action choice, this study distinguishes between four key factors that determine trust building: (a) knowledge to trust, (b) others-regarding, (c) cognition and (d) contexts. These four factors are combined into a single analytical framework that is used for establishing channels through which the institutional context impacts social trust formation. Our theoretical and empirical evidence suggests that context is the strongest determinant of trust, with its overall effect being, however, modified by the degree to which the individual’s knowledge of trusting, cognition and others-regarding is developed. The Programme for the International Assessment of Adult Competencies (PIAAC) data from the year 2012 are utilized for testing our propositions. JEL: D02, D03, Z10, Z13
通过借鉴行为选择的心理模型,本研究区分了决定信任建立的四个关键因素:(a)信任知识,(b)他人考虑,(c)认知和(d)环境。这四个因素被合并成一个单一的分析框架,用于建立制度背景影响社会信任形成的渠道。我们的理论和经验证据表明,环境是信任的最强决定因素,然而,它的整体效果会随着个人对信任、认知和他人的认识的发展程度而改变。国际成人能力评估项目(PIAAC) 2012年的数据被用来检验我们的命题。Jel: d02, d03, z10, z13
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引用次数: 3
A Behavioural Theory of Allocation in the Dictator Game 独裁者博弈中的分配行为理论
IF 0.6 Q3 Economics, Econometrics and Finance Pub Date : 2018-05-31 DOI: 10.1177/0260107918764174
António Osório
This article attempts to explain the behaviour observed in the dictator game without explicitly assuming a utility function. Alternatively, I consider the repre- sentative behaviour of a society composed of heterogeneous individuals in terms of altruism and self-interest. Based on these two principles, I present an allocation that aggregates the society's preferences. The result depends crucially on the value of the resource under dispute for the dictator. Even if the value of the resource is extremely important for the dictator, the dictator cannot justify a share of the resource larger than 3/4 of the total. An allocation proposing more than this share of the resource cannot reach social consensus. On the other extreme, if the value of the resource is sufficiently unimportant for the society, an equal split of the resource emerges in the limit.
本文试图在没有明确假设效用函数的情况下解释独裁者游戏中观察到的行为。或者,我从利他主义和利己主义的角度来考虑一个由异质个体组成的社会的代表性行为。基于这两个原则,我提出了一个集合社会偏好的分配。结果在很大程度上取决于独裁者所争议资源的价值。即使资源的价值对独裁者来说极其重要,独裁者也无法证明资源份额超过总量的3/4是合理的。提出超过这一资源份额的分配无法达成社会共识。另一方面,如果资源的价值对社会来说足够不重要,那么资源的平等分配就会在极限中出现。
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引用次数: 0
Varoufakis Versus Europe’s Deep Establishment: ‘Frail Deeds’, Apologias and a Battle Lost Before It Was Begun 瓦鲁法基斯与欧洲根深蒂固的建制派:“脆弱的行为”、道歉和尚未开始的失败之战
IF 0.6 Q3 Economics, Econometrics and Finance Pub Date : 2018-05-10 DOI: 10.1177/0260107918769124
P. Blunt
Yanis Varoufakis, Adults in the Room: My Battle with Europe’s Deep Establishment. London: The Bodley Head, 2017, pp. 560, £20.00, ISBN: 9781847924452.
雅尼斯·瓦鲁法基斯,《房间里的成年人:我与欧洲根深蒂固的建制派的战斗》。伦敦:The Bodley Head出版社,2017,pp. 560,£20.00,ISBN: 9781847924452。
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引用次数: 1
Contextual Contracts: On a Context-sensitive Approach to Contract Theory 语境契约:契约理论的语境敏感方法
IF 0.6 Q3 Economics, Econometrics and Finance Pub Date : 2018-05-02 DOI: 10.1177/0260107917740510
P. Goorha
I propose a method for introducing ‘context’ within the contractual environment based on a simple and intuitive application of control theory. The approach permits looking at several interesting practical features of contracts, be they incomplete, complete or smart, within a single framework. I define a contextual environment with the help of an interaction between three distinct spaces: a market-based contractual space framed within a formal institutional space and an even larger cultural space. Each space is characterized by a governing law built on a selection of control mechanisms that differ in their approach as well as their reliance on information generated from feedback mechanisms. I suggest how these governing laws tie the contextual spaces together and present some ideas on how they evolve through their interactions with other spaces. JEL: D20, D86, P50, Z10
基于控制理论的简单直观应用,我提出了一种在合同环境中引入“上下文”的方法。这种方法允许在一个框架内研究合同的几个有趣的实际特征,无论是不完整的、完整的还是明智的。我借助三个不同空间之间的互动来定义一个语境环境:一个在正式制度空间内构建的基于市场的契约空间和一个更大的文化空间。每个空间都有一个基于选择的控制机制的管辖法,这些控制机制的方法以及对反馈机制产生的信息的依赖不同。我建议这些管理法则如何将上下文空间联系在一起,并就它们如何通过与其他空间的互动而演变提出一些想法。JEL:D20,D86,P50,Z10
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引用次数: 4
Why is Informal Employment Too Difficult to Control? Further Evidence from Cultural Perspective 为什么非正规就业难以控制?文化视角下的进一步证据
IF 0.6 Q3 Economics, Econometrics and Finance Pub Date : 2018-04-11 DOI: 10.1177/0260107918763702
Aeggarchat Sirisankanan
Much of the literature on informal employment examines the impact of tangible benefits such as earnings. Little attention has focused on the impact of non-pecuniary benefits on informality. The article has initially applied some of Schwartz’s cultural indices, which include autonomy and embeddedness as a proxy for the desire to be independent, and hypothesizes that such cultural perspective have a substantial influence on informal employment. Using many empirical approaches, the results show that embeddedness has a large, negative, significant effect on informal employment, while an increase in the level of intellectual autonomy results in a great expansion in informal employment. JEL: A14, J46, O17
许多关于非正规就业的文献都考察了收入等有形利益的影响。很少有人关注非金钱利益对非正式性的影响。本文最初应用了施瓦茨的一些文化指标,其中包括自主性和嵌入性作为独立愿望的代理,并假设这种文化视角对非正式就业有实质性影响。运用多种实证方法,研究结果表明,嵌入性对非正式就业有显著的负面影响,而智力自主水平的提高会导致非正式就业的大幅扩张。耶利米书:14,46,17
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引用次数: 1
期刊
Journal of Interdisciplinary Economics
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