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Dois Tempos, Periférica Agenda 两个时代,外围议程
IF 0.3 Q1 Arts and Humanities Pub Date : 2021-12-03 DOI: 10.6008/cbpc2595-430x.2021.001.0003
M. Miguel
A poesia, ou texto lírico, é uma das sete artes tradicionais, pela qual a linguagem humana é utilizada com fins estéticos ou críticos, ou seja, ela retrata uma mensagem.  
诗歌,或抒情文本,是七种传统艺术之一,通过它,人类的语言被用于审美或批评的目的,也就是说,它描绘一个信息。
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引用次数: 0
Reforma agrária do Brasil e Peru da década de 60, sobre a ótica comparativa dos regimes militares
IF 0.3 Q1 Arts and Humanities Pub Date : 2021-08-05 DOI: 10.6008/cbpc2595-430x.2021.001.0001
Greyg Lake Oliveira Costa
A américa latina fortemente marcada pelo coronelismo, resultou em latifúndios de terras distribuídos a uma parcela muito pequena da população, que trouxe como resultado grandes faixas de terras não produtivas, que não geram nenhum tipo de lucro, nem de desenvolvimento econômico ou social. Por se tratar de um fenômeno unânime nos países latinos, em praticamente todos países desta região houve algum tipo de introdução de conceitos de reforma agrária. Entretanto, pode se verificar que esse processo ocorreu de diferente forma em cada país. Assim este trabalho busca compreender as principais diferenças entre a reforma agrária dos anos 60 no território brasileiro e peruano. Ambas iniciados durante o regime militar. Esta análise permitirá compreender as especificidades de cada governo e situação política, e como isso impactou na situação agrária de cada país. No Brasil, a reforma agrária foi motivada por se tratar de uma questão que vinha se mostrando potencialmente perigosa. Já haviam sido registrados alguns enfretamentos como o caso do confronto em Francisco Beltrão no Paraná (1957), outros confrontos vinham acontecendo na região norte de Goiás (Trompas e Formoso). Por existir forte influência do Partido Comunista no setor agrário, os militares optaram por resolver de vez a questão de reforma agrária do país. Já no país peruano a reforma agrária era bem vista pelo alto escalão da burocracia estatal, que viam a necessidade iminente de modernização do setor, proporcionando o crescimento econômico capitalista na zona rural. O país planejava aplicar a tão desejada substituição de importação e via a reforma agrária como ponto chave para ter sucesso.
拉丁美洲以冠状主义为强烈标志,导致土地大庄园分配给很小一部分人口,这导致了大片非生产性土地,既没有产生任何利润,也没有经济或社会发展。由于这一现象在拉丁国家是一致的,该区域几乎所有国家都采用了某种形式的土地改革概念。然而,可以看出,这一过程在每个国家都以不同的方式发生。因此,本文试图了解60年代巴西和秘鲁土地改革的主要差异。两者都始于军事政权时期。这一分析将使我们了解每个政府和政治形势的特殊性,以及这对每个国家的农业形势的影响。在巴西,土地改革的动机是,这是一个潜在的危险问题。一些冲突已经被记录下来,如弗朗西斯科beltrao在parana(1957)的冲突,其他冲突正在goias北部地区(特朗帕斯和福尔摩索)发生。由于共产党在农业领域的强大影响力,军方选择一劳永逸地解决国家的土地改革问题。在秘鲁,土地改革受到国家官僚机构高层的欢迎,他们认为该部门迫切需要现代化,为农村地区提供资本主义经济增长。该国计划实施渴望已久的进口替代,并将土地改革视为成功的关键。
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引用次数: 0
Breve debate historiográfico sobre a evolução da filosofia da história: uma revisão de literatura 关于历史哲学演变的简短史学辩论:文献综述
IF 0.3 Q1 Arts and Humanities Pub Date : 2021-08-05 DOI: 10.6008/cbpc2595-430x.2021.001.0002
Greyg Lake Oliveira Costa, M. A. Arraes, R. Melo
A História como área de conhecimento se tornou altamente científica em termos de pesquisa especializada, e são eficientes na resolução de problemas cognitivos, mas esses conhecimentos produzidos e analisados somente de forma técnica teriam algum impacto sobre a forma que o homem ver o mundo ou da melhoria de algum aspecto social ou cultural? Este trabalho tem como intuito realizar um breve estudo a respeito da conceitualização de Filosofia da História, dando enfoque no seu desenvolvimento ao longo do tempo, em que passou pelas vertentes dominantes em cada época como a teologia, o iluminismo e a firmação do caráter técnico-cientifico da história na modernidade. A presente pesquisa trata - se de uma revisão bibliográfica descritiva e exploratória, desenvolvida a partir de materiais publicados em livros e artigos, visando o aprofundamento do estudo em questão. Conclui-se com este trabalho que a Filosofia da História passou por diversas transformações durante sua história e agora está inclinada a trabalhar os aspectos da Teoria da História ou Epistemologia devido ao forte cunhos cientifico da pesquisa acadêmica atual. Pode se afirmar que a própria evolução da Filosofia da História é um temo de estudo histórico a qual é possível realizar análises dos trabalhos dos historiadores de cada período e sua relação com o contexto social, político e religioso.
历史知识方面高度科学领域的研究专家,认知和解决问题是有效的,但是这些知识产生和分析技术方法也影响一些人看世界的方式或社会或文化某些方面的改善吗?这个工作有秩序进行短暂的历史哲学研究的意义,重点发展随着时间的推移,在每个时代的主导方面是神学,启蒙运动和技术的确认-cientifico在现代性的历史。本研究是一项描述性和探索性的文献综述,从书籍和文章中发表的资料发展而来,旨在深化本研究。本文的结论是,历史哲学在其历史上经历了几次转变,由于当前学术研究的强大科学背景,现在倾向于研究历史理论或认识论的各个方面。可以说,历史哲学的演变本身就是一种历史研究,它可以对每个时期的历史学家的工作及其与社会、政治和宗教背景的关系进行分析。
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引用次数: 0
The Rohingyas of Rakhine State: Social Evolution and History in the Light of Ethnic Nationalism 若开邦的罗兴亚人:种族民族主义视角下的社会演变与历史
IF 0.3 Q1 Arts and Humanities Pub Date : 2021-06-05 DOI: 10.30884/seh/2020.02.06
Sarwar J. Minar, A. Halim
In August 2017, over 725,000 Rohingya Muslims and Hindus were ousted from Rakhine State by the Tatmadaw as it undertook a brutal attack in response to Arakan Rohingya Salvation Army's coordinated attacks on a military base and security force outposts resulting death of twelve. The UN finds Tatmadaw had sheer intent of ‘ethnic cleansing’ and referred the attack as a ‘textbook example’ of ethnic cleansing. These events provoked worldwide public-and-academic interest in history and social evolution of the Rohingyas, and this is to what the article is devoted. As the existing literature presents a debate over ‘Who are the Rohingyas?’, and ‘How legitimate is their claim over Rakhine State?’, the paper reinvestigates the issues using a qualitative research method. Compiling a detailed history, the paper finds that Rohingya community developed through historically complicated pro-cesses marked by invasions and counter-invasions. The paper argues many people entered Bengal from Arakan before British brought people into Rakhine state. The Rohingyas believe Rakhine State is their ancestral homeland and they developed a sense of ‘Ethnic Nationalism’. Their right over Rakhine State is as significant as other groups. The paper concludes that the UN must pursue solution to the crisis and the government should accept the Rohingyas as it did the land or territory.
2017年8月,超过72.5万名罗兴亚穆斯林和印度教徒被缅甸国防军驱逐出若开邦,因为缅甸国防军对阿拉干罗兴亚救世军对一个军事基地和安全部队前哨基地的协同袭击进行了残酷的袭击,导致12人死亡。联合国认定缅甸国防军完全有“种族清洗”的意图,并将此次袭击称为种族清洗的“教科书式例子”。这些事件激起了全世界公众和学术界对罗兴亚人历史和社会演变的兴趣,这就是本文的主题。由于现有文献对“谁是罗兴亚人?”展开了争论,以及“他们对若开邦的主张有多合法?”,本文采用定性研究的方法对这些问题进行了再研究。通过编纂详细的历史,本文发现罗兴亚社区是在以入侵和反入侵为标志的历史复杂过程中发展起来的。该报认为,在英国人将人们带入若开邦之前,许多人从阿拉干进入孟加拉。罗兴亚人相信若开邦是他们的祖先家园,他们产生了“民族民族主义”意识。他们对若开邦的控制权和其他团体一样重要。该文件的结论是,联合国必须寻求危机的解决方案,政府应该像对待土地或领土一样接受罗兴亚人。
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引用次数: 10
Egypt: From Upper Egyptian Rural Petty Polities to Unitary State 埃及:从上埃及农村小政体到统一国家
IF 0.3 Q1 Arts and Humanities Pub Date : 2021-01-01 DOI: 10.30884/SEH/2021.01.02
F. Lankester
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引用次数: 0
Can we Synthesise Different Development Theories? 我们能综合不同的发展理论吗?
IF 0.3 Q1 Arts and Humanities Pub Date : 2021-01-01 DOI: 10.30884/seh/2021.02.04
G. Ahamer
Different ideas of ‘development’ provide different recommendations for socio-political action. Because of this self-evident fact, an attempt is made to bring together antagonistic systems of understanding of ‘development’ from an evolutionary perspective in a discursive manner, ultimately to gain greater acceptance for the resulting basic strategies in different camps. Attitudes that are either optimistic or critical regarding the chances of ‘development’ (so-called ‘preanalytic visions’) are described on the basis of (i) literature (Section 2) and (ii) data (Section 3) and the resulting recommendations for action are compared with each other. As an attempt at mediation between both paradigms, an original conception inspired by evolutionary thinking is proposed here: based on the data structures of the author's ‘Global Change Data Base’ (GCDB), a long-term dynamic of global techno-socio-economic development can be assumed which is characterised by a succession of initially growing and then saturating structural parameters. Particularly in the energy industry and land use, such a sequence of initially budding, then blossoming and finally maturing development phases (= ‘blossoming evolution’) seems to be present if the data sets of all states are analysed in the long term (Section 4). A thinking in transitions (Section 5, 6) thus appears justified, appropriate and helpful. In this sense, any strategic climate or development policy measure is based on an already ongoing (rolling) global structural change. In the light of the concept of ‘blossoming evolution,’ it therefore seems helpful (as well as easier to implement) to reinforce or mitigate such alreadyoccurring evolutionary dynamics in a suitable way in order to come as close as possible to the goals of sustainable global development. Social Evolution & History / September 2021 80 Summing up, this text suggests that any developmental measures should be placed in a suitable context of evolutionary autopoietic dynamics, which is in any case driving history.
不同的“发展”概念为社会政治行动提供了不同的建议。由于这一不证自明的事实,人们试图以一种话语的方式,从进化的角度,把对“发展”的对立理解系统整合在一起,最终为不同阵营的基本策略获得更大的接受。对“发展”机会的乐观或批判态度(所谓的“分析前愿景”)在(i)文献(第2节)和(ii)数据(第3节)的基础上进行描述,并相互比较由此产生的行动建议。作为两种范式之间的调解尝试,本文提出了一个受进化思维启发的原始概念:基于作者“全球变化数据库”(GCDB)的数据结构,可以假设全球技术-社会经济发展的长期动态,其特征是一系列最初增长然后饱和的结构参数。特别是在能源行业和土地使用中,如果对所有州的数据集进行长期分析(第4节),那么这种最初萌芽,然后开花,最后成熟的发展阶段(=“开花进化”)的序列似乎是存在的。因此,过渡思维(第5,6节)似乎是合理的,适当的和有益的。从这个意义上说,任何战略气候或发展政策措施都是基于已经在进行的(滚动的)全球结构变化。因此,根据“进化开花”的概念,以适当的方式加强或减轻这种已经发生的进化动态似乎是有益的(也更容易实施),以便尽可能接近可持续全球发展的目标。总而言之,本文表明,任何发展措施都应置于进化自创生动力学的适当背景下,这在任何情况下都是驱动历史的。
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引用次数: 3
Explaining Disease: A Chapter in Nigerian Historiography 解释疾病:尼日利亚史学的一章
IF 0.3 Q1 Arts and Humanities Pub Date : 2021-01-01 DOI: 10.30884/SEH/2021.01.04
O. Faleye
{"title":"Explaining Disease: A Chapter in Nigerian Historiography","authors":"O. Faleye","doi":"10.30884/SEH/2021.01.04","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.30884/SEH/2021.01.04","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":42677,"journal":{"name":"Social Evolution & History","volume":"20 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2021-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"69741379","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Review of ‘The Omnipresent Past: Historical Anthropology of Africa and African Diaspora’ edited by Dmitri M. Bondarenko and Marina L. Butovskaya 《无所不在的过去:非洲和散居非洲人的历史人类学》书评,作者:Dmitri M. Bondarenko和Marina L. Butovskaya
IF 0.3 Q1 Arts and Humanities Pub Date : 2021-01-01 DOI: 10.30884/SEH/2021.01.08
S. Saha
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引用次数: 1
The Limited Nutritional Value of Cannibalism and the Development of Early Human Society 食人的有限营养价值与早期人类社会的发展
IF 0.3 Q1 Arts and Humanities Pub Date : 2021-01-01 DOI: 10.30884/seh/2021.02.02
G. Sack
An increasing number of instances of cannibalism, while a relatively rare human behaviour, have come to light over the past 30 years. Forty years ago two anthropologists suggested that the limited nutritional value of cannibalism meant that primitive man could not have survived solely on human flesh. Recently an archaeologist tried to evaluate this suggestion. This paper broadens his analysis by linking Paleolithic cannibalism with an unnoticed analysis of the population dynamics of small hunter-gatherer groups among early man. It is argued that the synthesis of these two hypotheses provides additional explanations of why cannibalism was a sub-optimal survival strategy.
在过去的30年里,越来越多的同类相食的事件被曝光,尽管这是一种相对罕见的人类行为。四十年前,两位人类学家提出,同类相食的营养价值有限,这意味着原始人不可能仅靠人肉生存。最近,一位考古学家试图评估这一说法。这篇论文通过将旧石器时代的同类相食行为与早期人类小型狩猎采集者群体的种群动态分析联系起来,拓宽了他的分析。有人认为,这两种假设的综合为同类相食是次优生存策略的原因提供了额外的解释。
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引用次数: 0
‘The Evolution of Social Institutions’: Review and Prospect “社会制度的演变”:回顾与展望
IF 0.3 Q1 Arts and Humanities Pub Date : 2021-01-01 DOI: 10.30884/seh/2021.02.09
G. Feinman
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引用次数: 2
期刊
Social Evolution & History
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