Pub Date : 2021-01-01DOI: 10.51371/issn.1840-2976.2021.15.1.2
J. Iskra, M. Corluka, J. Vodičar, Krzysztof Maćkała
The study aims to evaluate the strategy of men’s 400 m hurdles (400 mH) run of the best hurdlers in the world, implementing five types of stride pattern. The analysis included 243 individual runs of 114 leading world hurdlers at a distance of 400 mH, participating in the international championship (39) in 1968-2015. Data was obtained from own sources, published literature, and projects implemented by the IAAF (International Association of Athletics Federations) during the major athletics competitions. The parameters analyzed in the study included the temporal parameters and the spatial structure (space parameters) of 400 mH race. The adopted strategy of the 400 mH run determines significant differences in the temporal structure of the first part of the run and the spatial structure in its second part. Additionally, the differences determining the time strategy in the 400 mH run concern the distance from the first to the fifth hurdle. The number of steps is of particular importance in the second part of the distance, mainly between the 6th and 8th hurdles. The stride patterns determine the course of the competition (pacing strategy) in the 400mH run. In 400 mH training, about 30% time should be devoted to technical training, which will strengthen the effective use of “weaker” lead leg (attacking leg).
{"title":"EXTENDED ANALYSIS OF TYPES OF STRIDE PATTERN AND PACING STRATEGY IN 400 M HURDLE RUN","authors":"J. Iskra, M. Corluka, J. Vodičar, Krzysztof Maćkała","doi":"10.51371/issn.1840-2976.2021.15.1.2","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.51371/issn.1840-2976.2021.15.1.2","url":null,"abstract":"The study aims to evaluate the strategy of men’s 400 m hurdles (400 mH) run of the best hurdlers in the world, implementing five types of stride pattern. The analysis included 243 individual runs of 114 leading world hurdlers at a distance of 400 mH, participating in the international championship (39) in 1968-2015. Data was obtained from own sources, published literature, and projects implemented by the IAAF (International Association of Athletics Federations) during the major athletics competitions. The parameters analyzed in the study included the temporal parameters and the spatial structure (space parameters) of 400 mH race. The adopted strategy of the 400 mH run determines significant differences in the temporal structure of the first part of the run and the spatial structure in its second part. Additionally, the differences determining the time strategy in the 400 mH run concern the distance from the first to the fifth hurdle. The number of steps is of particular importance in the second part of the distance, mainly between the 6th and 8th hurdles. The stride patterns determine the course of the competition (pacing strategy) in the 400mH run. In 400 mH training, about 30% time should be devoted to technical training, which will strengthen the effective use of “weaker” lead leg (attacking leg).","PeriodicalId":42772,"journal":{"name":"Acta Kinesiologica","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2021-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"70783669","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-01-01DOI: 10.51371/issn.1840-2976.2021.15.1.7
Jasna Kudek Mirošević, Mirjana Radetić-Paić, I. Prskalo
Given that adolescents and young people spend most of their time in the educational system, advancements in neurodevelopmental research emphasize the important and complex role of peers’ influence on adolescents’ behaviour, suggesting that supportive programmes led by peers have a strong potential benefit (King, & Fazel, 2019). In many cases peers are the most important source of social support, and are therefore an important target group to investigate the factors of risk, signs of poor mental health and ways to assess their health behaviour and awareness of the care which should be taken regarding their mental health, as well as the resources and prevention models. The wish is to study whether there are differences regarding the mental behaviour in certain characteristics of susceptibility to peer pressure as a risk for the mental health of students of the Faculty of Educational Sciences of the Juraj Dobrila University of Pula and students of the Faculty of Teacher Education of the University of Zagreb, Division of Petrinja (N=440). The set hypothesis states that there is a statistically significant difference among students of the faculty in Pula and those in Petrinja in their assessment of certain features of peer pressure susceptibility as a possible risk for mental health. The results obtained at the x2-test showed a statistically significant difference between certain peer pressure features among students regarding their study environment linked to hanging out with peers who consume drugs and being tempted to try them, getting involved in risky behaviours if their peers ask them to, and betting or gambling because their friends also do that. The results indicate that in smaller communities social control and conformity in the students’ behaviour is more present due to their wish to fit in a peer group as well as possible, suggesting the need for strengthening the positive health behaviour of young people during their whole education in order to secure a healthy and productive adult population.
{"title":"STUDENTS’ MENTAL HEALTH RISKS REGARDING SUSCEPTIBILITY TO PEER PRESSURE","authors":"Jasna Kudek Mirošević, Mirjana Radetić-Paić, I. Prskalo","doi":"10.51371/issn.1840-2976.2021.15.1.7","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.51371/issn.1840-2976.2021.15.1.7","url":null,"abstract":"Given that adolescents and young people spend most of their time in the educational system, advancements in neurodevelopmental research emphasize the important and complex role of peers’ influence on adolescents’ behaviour, suggesting that supportive programmes led by peers have a strong potential benefit (King, & Fazel, 2019). In many cases peers are the most important source of social support, and are therefore an important target group to investigate the factors of risk, signs of poor mental health and ways to assess their health behaviour and awareness of the care which should be taken regarding their mental health, as well as the resources and prevention models. The wish is to study whether there are differences regarding the mental behaviour in certain characteristics of susceptibility to peer pressure as a risk for the mental health of students of the Faculty of Educational Sciences of the Juraj Dobrila University of Pula and students of the Faculty of Teacher Education of the University of Zagreb, Division of Petrinja (N=440). The set hypothesis states that there is a statistically significant difference among students of the faculty in Pula and those in Petrinja in their assessment of certain features of peer pressure susceptibility as a possible risk for mental health. The results obtained at the x2-test showed a statistically significant difference between certain peer pressure features among students regarding their study environment linked to hanging out with peers who consume drugs and being tempted to try them, getting involved in risky behaviours if their peers ask them to, and betting or gambling because their friends also do that. The results indicate that in smaller communities social control and conformity in the students’ behaviour is more present due to their wish to fit in a peer group as well as possible, suggesting the need for strengthening the positive health behaviour of young people during their whole education in order to secure a healthy and productive adult population.","PeriodicalId":42772,"journal":{"name":"Acta Kinesiologica","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2021-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"70783624","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-01-01DOI: 10.51371/issn.1840-2976.2021.15.1.4
Anna Lukanova-Jakubowska, K. Piechota, M. Ozimek, L. Borkowski, A. Klusiewicz
The purpose of the work was to characterize the 4-year preparation cycle for the Winter Olympic Games in Pyongyang (2018), the leading Polish speed skater M.W. Longitudinal tests included assessment of aerobic and anaerobic exercise capacity determined in laboratory tests, respectively in the graded bicycle ergometer test and in the Wingate test performed with the lower extremity. The longitudinal data from exercise tests obtained in the analyzed 4-year period of preparation for the Olympic Games clearly indicate a significant improvement in the skater's exercise capacity. In the examined period of 2015-2018, the athlete obtained an increase in VO2max value by 6.5% to the level of 55.8 ml/kg/min. The nature of the observed changes in selected exercise indicators corresponded to the assumptions and implementation of training plans. The examined athlete was very well prepared for qualifying starts in October-November 2017 and she won three Olympic qualifications at distances 500, 1000 and 1500 m. During the Olympic Games, the Polish representative started the competition with starts at distances 1500 (20th place) and 500 m (28th place). At the leading distance of 1000 m, the competitor started at her level, reaching 12th place thus fulfilling the pre-start assumptions.
{"title":"ASSESSMENT OF AEROBIC AND ANAEROBIC EXERCISE CAPACITY AND SPORT LEVEL OF POLAND’S LEADING REPRESENTATIVE IN A SHORT TRACK IN A 4-YEAR OLYMPIC CYCLE","authors":"Anna Lukanova-Jakubowska, K. Piechota, M. Ozimek, L. Borkowski, A. Klusiewicz","doi":"10.51371/issn.1840-2976.2021.15.1.4","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.51371/issn.1840-2976.2021.15.1.4","url":null,"abstract":"The purpose of the work was to characterize the 4-year preparation cycle for the Winter Olympic Games in Pyongyang (2018), the leading Polish speed skater M.W. Longitudinal tests included assessment of aerobic and anaerobic exercise capacity determined in laboratory tests, respectively in the graded bicycle ergometer test and in the Wingate test performed with the lower extremity. The longitudinal data from exercise tests obtained in the analyzed 4-year period of preparation for the Olympic Games clearly indicate a significant improvement in the skater's exercise capacity. In the examined period of 2015-2018, the athlete obtained an increase in VO2max value by 6.5% to the level of 55.8 ml/kg/min. The nature of the observed changes in selected exercise indicators corresponded to the assumptions and implementation of training plans. The examined athlete was very well prepared for qualifying starts in October-November 2017 and she won three Olympic qualifications at distances 500, 1000 and 1500 m. During the Olympic Games, the Polish representative started the competition with starts at distances 1500 (20th place) and 500 m (28th place). At the leading distance of 1000 m, the competitor started at her level, reaching 12th place thus fulfilling the pre-start assumptions.","PeriodicalId":42772,"journal":{"name":"Acta Kinesiologica","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2021-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"70783769","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-01-01DOI: 10.51371/issn.1840-2976.2021.15.2.3
Magdalena Plandowska, A. Kędra, Przemysław Kędra, D. Czaprowski
An increase in the level of physical activity has become an important part of recommendations in the management of low back pain (LBP). While the effect of a low level of physical activity on postural stability is becoming clear, the possible effect of high level of physical activity in individuals with LBP has received less attention to date. Objective. The aim of this study was to find out whether there exist differences regarding postural stability taking into account the level of physical activity in individuals with and without LBP. Methods. This cross-sectional study included 58 participants with LBP and 24 healthy persons. Participants were divided into two subgroups, i.e. participants with a moderate level of physical activity (MPA) and participants with a high level of physical activity (HPA). A questionnaire was used to assess LBP prevalence. Postural stability was assessed with the use of the dynamographic platform. Results. There were no differences between groups for any of the centre of pressure (COP) parameters assessed: average velocity (V), area of the ellipse (AoE), length of the ellipse in the anteriorposterior direction (LoEAP) and length of the ellipse in the medial-lateral direction (LoEML). Conclusion. Our study showed that in the group of participants with LBP a high level of physical activity does not ensure better postural stability than a moderate level of physical activity. However, physical activity helps people with LBP to prevent postural instability.
{"title":"DOES A HIGH LEVEL OF PHYSICAL ACTIVITY IN INDIVIDUALS WITH LOW BACK PAIN ENSURE BETTER POSTURAL STABILITY?","authors":"Magdalena Plandowska, A. Kędra, Przemysław Kędra, D. Czaprowski","doi":"10.51371/issn.1840-2976.2021.15.2.3","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.51371/issn.1840-2976.2021.15.2.3","url":null,"abstract":"An increase in the level of physical activity has become an important part of recommendations in the management of low back pain (LBP). While the effect of a low level of physical activity on postural stability is becoming clear, the possible effect of high level of physical activity in individuals with LBP has received less attention to date. Objective. The aim of this study was to find out whether there exist differences regarding postural stability taking into account the level of physical activity in individuals with and without LBP. Methods. This cross-sectional study included 58 participants with LBP and 24 healthy persons. Participants were divided into two subgroups, i.e. participants with a moderate level of physical activity (MPA) and participants with a high level of physical activity (HPA). A questionnaire was used to assess LBP prevalence. Postural stability was assessed with the use of the dynamographic platform. Results. There were no differences between groups for any of the centre of pressure (COP) parameters assessed: average velocity (V), area of the ellipse (AoE), length of the ellipse in the anteriorposterior direction (LoEAP) and length of the ellipse in the medial-lateral direction (LoEML). Conclusion. Our study showed that in the group of participants with LBP a high level of physical activity does not ensure better postural stability than a moderate level of physical activity. However, physical activity helps people with LBP to prevent postural instability.","PeriodicalId":42772,"journal":{"name":"Acta Kinesiologica","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2021-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"70784293","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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