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Spiritual Awakening among Church Members during the Pandemic: An Empirical Study in England and Wales 疫情期间教会成员的精神觉醒:英格兰和威尔士的实证研究
IF 0.8 Q1 Arts and Humanities Pub Date : 2022-04-25 DOI: 10.1163/15709256-20221427
Leslie J. Francis, A. Village, C. Lewis
For some church members the pandemic may have been a challenge to faith, while for others the pandemic may have been an opportunity to re-kindle faith and to trigger spiritual awakening. A sample of 3,673 churchgoers (Anglican and Catholic) completed an online survey during the early months of the lockdown including the Lewis Index of Spiritual Awakening (LISA). The data demonstrated that more participants experienced a sense of spiritual awakening than a spiritual decline. Spiritual awakening was associated with personal factors (being female and older), with psychological factors (feeling types, intuitive types, and emotional stability), with religious identity (being Catholic), with theological tradition (being charismatic and conservative), and with active engagement in online services (lighting candles or typing in prayer requests). Experiencing spiritual awakening during the early months of the lockdown is, thus, associated with religious, theological, and spiritual practices, as well as with personal and psychological factors.
对一些教会成员来说,疫情可能是对信仰的挑战,而对另一些人来说,疫情则可能是重新点燃信仰和引发精神觉醒的机会。在封锁的最初几个月,3673名教徒(圣公会教徒和天主教徒)完成了一项在线调查,其中包括刘易斯精神觉醒指数(LISA)。数据表明,更多的参与者经历了精神觉醒,而不是精神衰退。精神觉醒与个人因素(女性和老年人)、心理因素(感觉类型、直觉类型和情绪稳定)、宗教身份(天主教徒)、神学传统(魅力和保守)以及积极参与在线服务(点蜡烛或输入祈祷请求)有关。因此,在封锁的最初几个月里经历精神觉醒与宗教、神学和精神实践以及个人和心理因素有关。
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引用次数: 7
Religious Coping and Depressive Symptoms among Religious Belgian Hospitalized Patients: The Mediating Role of Hope 比利时宗教住院患者的宗教应对与抑郁症状:希望的中介作用
IF 0.8 Q1 Arts and Humanities Pub Date : 2022-04-22 DOI: 10.1163/15709256-20221426
Eva Buelens, J. Dezutter, A. Vandenhoeck, A. Dillen
Research on the pathways through which positive/negative religious coping (PRC/NRC) styles work, is sparse. This cross-sectional study examined hope as a mediating pathway in the association between PRC/NRC and depressive symptoms in 155 hospital inpatients in Belgium that self-reported to be religious (mostly Catholic, Christian or religious without affiliation to a religious institute). Patients relying more on NRC tend to have more depressive symptoms through the mechanism of hope. Interestingly, the direct relationship found between NRC and depressive symptoms points to the likelihood of an omitted mediator requiring further research. Patients more often using PRC tend to have fewer depressive symptoms through the mechanism of hope. No direct relationship between PRC and depressive symptoms was found.
关于积极/消极宗教应对(PRC/NRC)方式的作用途径的研究很少。本横断面研究考察了希望作为PRC/NRC与比利时155名自我报告为宗教(主要是天主教、基督教或不隶属于宗教机构的宗教)住院患者的抑郁症状之间关联的中介途径。更依赖NRC的患者往往通过希望机制产生更多的抑郁症状。有趣的是,NRC与抑郁症状之间的直接关系表明,可能存在一种被忽略的中介,需要进一步研究。使用PRC的患者往往通过希望机制减少抑郁症状。未发现PRC与抑郁症状有直接关系。
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引用次数: 1
Revisiting the Religious Openness Hypothesis in a Migration Context: The Case of Muslims with a Turkish Migration Background in Germany 移民背景下宗教开放假说的再审视:以土耳其移民背景下的德国穆斯林为例
IF 0.8 Q1 Arts and Humanities Pub Date : 2022-01-12 DOI: 10.1163/15709256-12341425
Sarah Demmrich, Havagül Akçe
The religious openness hypothesis, which states that religious traditions have the potential to integrate faith with intellect, is examined in this study within a migration context for the first time. Based on two lines of research, our central question is whether the sociological context or the Islamic tradition per se explains the (in)compatibility of faith and intellect orientation and their relation to psychological openness. Religious openness, psychological openness (ambiguity tolerance and acculturation strategies) and religiosity were measured among Muslims with a Turkish migration background in Germany. Our findings show a non-significant relationship between faith and intellect orientation and we therefore propose that the secular context is the crucial explaining factor. Religious reflection also moderates the link between different forms of religiosity and ambiguity tolerance. Finally, heterogeneous religious rationalities were uncovered that challenge the negative view of Muslims as fanatic, closed-minded people which prevails among the German majority society.
宗教开放假说认为,宗教传统具有将信仰与智力结合起来的潜力,本研究首次在移民背景下对这一假说进行了检验。基于两条研究路线,我们的中心问题是,社会学背景或伊斯兰传统本身是否解释了信仰和智力取向的兼容性,以及它们与心理开放性的关系。对在德国有土耳其移民背景的穆斯林进行了宗教开放性、心理开放性(歧义容忍和文化适应策略)和宗教虔诚度的测量。我们的研究结果显示信仰和智力取向之间的关系不显著,因此我们提出世俗背景是关键的解释因素。宗教反思也缓和了不同形式的宗教信仰与模糊容忍之间的联系。最后,揭示了异质的宗教理性,挑战了在德国多数社会中普遍存在的将穆斯林视为狂热、思想封闭的人的消极看法。
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引用次数: 0
‘This is a Call of God … or is it?’: Narratives about Humans, God and Eschatology in the Dutch Reformed Pietist Community during the COVID-19 Outbreak “这是上帝的召唤……真的吗?”:新冠肺炎疫情期间荷兰改革宗虔信派社区关于人类、上帝和末世论的叙述
IF 0.8 Q1 Arts and Humanities Pub Date : 2021-12-16 DOI: 10.1163/15709256-12341424
T. Cinjee, H. Schaap-Jonker
In this study, we examine which narratives were put forward by key figures of the Dutch reformed pietist community during the COVID-19 pandemic. We analyse sermons and news articles from the period March–November 2020. We find, as expected, a dominant narrative of COVID-19 as God’s judgment, a calling to repentance and an event which emphasizes the need for prayer. Although the pandemic was seen as a call by God, the systematic origin of the virus (God/Satan/natural phenomena) remained rather ambiguous. More often it was stated that ‘everything falls under His providence’. The earthly origin of the virus remained mostly unaddressed, as well as eschatological interpretations, contrary to our expectations. We conclude that the main narrative is a general message of repentance, rather than a concrete theological application to the dynamic of the virus, its origins and its subsequent spread. In some cases, virus ‘jargon’ even was used as a tool just to further accentuate general tendencies of reformed pietist theology.
在本研究中,我们研究了在COVID-19大流行期间,荷兰改革宗虔信派社区的关键人物提出了哪些叙述。我们分析了2020年3月至11月期间的布道和新闻文章。正如所料,我们发现,对COVID-19的主要叙述是上帝的审判,是对悔改的呼吁,是一个强调祈祷必要性的事件。虽然大流行被视为上帝的召唤,但病毒的系统起源(上帝/撒旦/自然现象)仍然相当模糊。更常见的说法是“一切都在他的天意之下”。与我们的预期相反,病毒在地球上的起源以及对末世论的解释大部分仍未得到解决。我们的结论是,主要叙述是忏悔的一般信息,而不是对病毒动态、其起源和随后的传播的具体神学应用。在某些情况下,病毒术语甚至被用作一种工具,只是为了进一步强调改革后的虔信派神学的一般倾向。
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引用次数: 2
Religious and Spiritual Struggles in a German-Speaking Sample: a Validation Study 德语样本中的宗教和精神斗争:一项验证研究
IF 0.8 Q1 Arts and Humanities Pub Date : 2021-11-04 DOI: 10.1163/15709256-12341418
J. Lampe, I. Noth, H. Znoj
This paper presents the German adaptation and validation of the Religious and Spiritual Struggles Scale (RSSS) (Exline et al. 2014). Religious and spiritual (r/s) struggles consist of inner conflicts regarding supernatural, interpersonal and intrapersonal concerns, which in the RSSS are categorized into six struggles: Divine, Demonic, Doubt, Interpersonal, Moral and Ultimate Meaning. The prevalence of these as well as mental health correlates and associations with centrality of religiosity were explored in a sample of 1359 German-speaking participants, primarily university students from Switzerland. Inner r/s struggles have primarily been studied in samples from the United States, and data are lacking for more secular societies such as Switzerland, where these struggles are experienced as well. For the first time, the RSSS was translated into and administered in the German language and its six-factor structure confirmed with confirmatory factor analysis.
本文介绍了德国对宗教和精神斗争量表(RSSS)的改编和验证(Exline等人,2014)。宗教和精神(r/s)斗争包括关于超自然、人际和内在关注的内部冲突,在RSSS中可分为六种斗争:神圣、恶魔、怀疑、人际、道德和终极意义。在1359名德语参与者的样本中,主要是来自瑞士的大学生,探讨了这些以及心理健康与宗教中心性的相关性和关联。内部r/s斗争主要在美国的样本中进行了研究,而瑞士等世俗社会也缺乏这些斗争的数据。RSSS首次被翻译成德语并以德语进行管理,其六因素结构通过验证性因素分析得到证实。
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引用次数: 1
The Development and Validation of the Christian Environmentalism Scale (CES) from a Philippine Sample 基督教环境主义量表(CES)在菲律宾样本中的发展与验证
IF 0.8 Q1 Arts and Humanities Pub Date : 2021-11-04 DOI: 10.1163/15709256-12341419
Rito Baring, Jeramie Molino, Stephen Reysen
Responding to emerging ecotheologies, we articulated a new environmental construct distinct from previous environmental measures which largely follow developmental models. In the present study we developed and reviewed the psychometric properties of the Christian Environmentalism Scale (CES) initially in three dimensions from 970 youth participants in the Philippines. Study design included exploratory and confirmatory factor analysis for data reduction and best fit model analysis. CES is a unidimensional 15-item measure with a high internal consistency (Cronbach’s alpha = .95) score and adequate results for best fit model. CES had significant associations with pro-environment and religious attitude scales indicating initial evidence of convergent validity.
针对新兴的生态学,我们提出了一种新的环境结构,不同于以往主要遵循发展模式的环境措施。在本研究中,我们首先在菲律宾970名青年参与者的三个维度上开发并回顾了基督教环境主义量表(CES)的心理测量特性。研究设计包括探索性和验证性因素分析,以进行数据减少和最佳拟合模型分析。CES是一种具有高内部一致性(Cronbach 's alpha = .95)分数的单维15项测量,具有足够的最佳拟合模型结果。CES与亲环境和宗教态度量表有显著的关联,表明收敛效度的初步证据。
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引用次数: 3
Growth of the Church of Nigeria (Anglican Communion): Fishing for Converts, but Are There Holes in the Net? 尼日利亚教会(圣公会)的成长:寻找皈依者,但网上有洞吗?
IF 0.8 Q1 Arts and Humanities Pub Date : 2021-10-29 DOI: 10.1163/15709256-12341421
Andrew McKinnon
This paper contributes to the emerging debate and revaluation of the growth and membership of the Church of Nigeria (Anglican Communion). Building on literature which has shown that the Church is unlikely to have nearly the membership of more than 18 million that it usually claims, this paper considers evidence of conversion to and defection from Anglican identification in Nigeria. The analysis uses data from the Pew Research Centre Tolerance and Conflict survey (2010), the only high quality nationally representative survey that asks about religious identification in which the respondent was raised and their current identification. It examines converts to Anglican identities in Nigeria, as well as the adopted identities of those who leave Anglicanism behind them. The study finds evidence of a net loss, primarily to Pentecostalism. This lends added weight to the argument that the growth of the Church of Nigeria in the past few decades has been primarily through natural increase (surplus of births over deaths) and not from converts, which are a net loss to the church.
本文有助于新兴的辩论和尼日利亚教会(圣公会)的增长和成员资格的重新评估。根据文献表明,教会不太可能拥有它通常声称的1800多万成员,本文考虑了尼日利亚皈依和背叛圣公会身份的证据。该分析使用了皮尤研究中心宽容与冲突调查(2010年)的数据,这是唯一一项高质量的全国代表性调查,询问了受访者长大时的宗教信仰以及他们目前的信仰。它调查了尼日利亚皈依圣公会身份的人,以及那些离开圣公会的人所采用的身份。研究发现了净损失的证据,主要是五旬节派。这进一步支持了一种观点,即尼日利亚教会在过去几十年里的增长主要是通过自然增长(出生人数超过死亡人数),而不是来自皈依者,皈依者对教会来说是净损失。
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引用次数: 0
This Blessed Sacrament of Unity? Holy Communion, the Pandemic, and the Church of England 这合一圣事?圣餐,大流行,和英格兰教会
IF 0.8 Q1 Arts and Humanities Pub Date : 2021-10-28 DOI: 10.1163/15709256-12341420
Leslie J. Francis, A. Village
A major consequence of the pandemic for the Church of England was the decision of the Archbishops on 24 March 2020 to prevent the use of churches (even for the broadcasting of services by the clergy), and the consequent sudden trajectory into online worship streamed by clergy from their homes. On Easter Sunday the Archbishop of Canterbury exemplified the challenge confronting Anglican clergy by presiding for the nation from his kitchen table. This sudden change to online services may have highlighted differences in eucharistic practice within the Church of England, differentiating between those shaped in the Anglo-Catholic, Broad Church, and Evangelical traditions. This paper tests the thesis that during the initial days of lockdown this blessed sacrament of unity also embraced rich diversity among loyal Anglicans. Data provided by 3,286 laity and 1,353 clergy from the Coronavirus, Church & You Survey lend support for this thesis.
疫情对英国圣公会造成的一个主要后果是,大主教们于2020年3月24日决定禁止使用教堂(即使是神职人员广播服务),由此导致神职人员突然在家中进行在线礼拜。在复活节的周日,坎特伯雷大主教(Archbishop of Canterbury)在餐桌上主持国家事务,体现了圣公会神职人员面临的挑战。在线服务的突然转变可能凸显了英国国教内部圣餐仪式的差异,区分了英国天主教、广教会和福音派传统的圣餐仪式。本文对以下论点进行了验证:在封锁的最初几天里,这一神圣的团结圣礼在忠诚的英国国教教徒中也包含了丰富的多样性。来自冠状病毒,教会和你调查的3286名俗人和1353名神职人员提供的数据为本文提供了支持。
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引用次数: 13
Religious and Secular Coping Strategies of Reappraisal 宗教与世俗的应对策略
IF 0.8 Q1 Arts and Humanities Pub Date : 2021-10-28 DOI: 10.1163/15709256-12341422
Ulrich Riegel, Alexander Unser
In times of disaster, religion is said to be a powerful resource of meaning-focused coping. If offers motifs, symbols, and stories to reappraise situations and thereby ascribe meaning to them. Aside from religion, in modern times secular resources are feasible for meaning making during disaster as well. Empirical instruments that assess both religious and secular types of meaning-focused coping, however, are not available. Relevant instruments focus exclusively on either religious or secular coping. This paper addresses this desideratum by supplementing the RCOPE-scales of reappraisal with relevant scales of secular reappraisal. Three scales – Trust in Science, Consequences of Lifestyle, and Reappraisal of Science’s Power – have been constructed and tested on a sample of university students and staff members coping with the Corona pandemic. CFA shows a satisfactory fit for the supplementing instrument when Trust in Science is removed from the analysis. Correlation analysis with scales of religiosity (Centrality of Religiosity and Post-Critical Belief) indicates a good external validity of the new instrument. In consequence, the two supplements of Consequences of Lifestyle and Reappraisal of Science’s Power facilitate assessment of secular meaning-focused coping aside with relevant religious coping, while the Trust in Science Reappraisal scale needs further development.
在灾难时期,宗教被认为是以意义为中心应对的强大资源。If提供了主题、符号和故事来重新评估情况,从而赋予它们意义。除了宗教,在现代,世俗资源也可以在灾难期间产生意义。然而,目前还没有评估宗教和世俗类型的以意义为中心的应对方式的实证工具。相关文书专门侧重于宗教或世俗应对。本文通过用长期重新评价的相关量表补充RCOPE重新评价量表来解决这一需求。构建了三个量表——对科学的信任、生活方式的后果和对科学力量的重新评价——并在应对新冠疫情的大学生和工作人员样本中进行了测试。当从分析中删除对科学的信任时,CFA显示出对补充工具的令人满意的适合性。与宗教信仰量表(宗教信仰中心度和后批判信仰)的相关性分析表明,新工具具有良好的外部有效性。因此,《生活方式的后果》和《科学力量的重新评估》这两个补充有助于评估除相关宗教应对外的世俗意义应对,而《科学信任重新评估量表》需要进一步发展。
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引用次数: 2
Shaping Attitudes toward Church in a Time of Coronavirus: Exploring the Effects of Personal, Psychological, Social, and Theological Factors among Church of England Clergy and Laity 在冠状病毒时期塑造对教会的态度:探索个人、心理、社会和神学因素对英国教会神职人员和俗人的影响
IF 0.8 Q1 Arts and Humanities Pub Date : 2021-10-28 DOI: 10.1163/15709256-12341423
A. Village, L. Francis
This paper reports on the effect of personal, psychological, social, and theological factors in shaping attitudes toward church buildings, the lockup of churches, and the trajectory into virtual church among 4,374 clergy and lay people from the Church of England during the first UK COVID-19 lockdown in 2020. Data from an online survey were used to create three scales, Pro Church Buildings, Anti Church Lockup, and Pro Virtual Church, which were shown to have adequate internal consistency reliability. Five sets of predictor variables were tested using hierarchical multiple regression: personal factors (sex and age), psychological factors (psychological type scores), social location (ordination status, education, geographic location), theological stance (modern versus traditional worship, liberal versus conservative doctrinal belief, liberal versus conservative views on morality), and Church tradition (Anglo-Catholic, Broad Church, Evangelical, and Charismaticism). The three scales were predicted by slightly different sets of variables, but in each case personal factors and psychological factors retained some predictive power after controlling for other sorts of factors. The results suggest that those most likely to embrace a future with a significant role for church life online are women (rather than men), the middle-aged (rather than younger or older people), intuitive (rather than sensing) and feeling (rather than thinking) psychological types, clergy (rather than laity), those living outside the inner cities, those who prefer modern (rather than traditional) forms of worship, those with more liberal (rather than conservative) views on doctrine and morality, and those who embrace Evangelical and Charismatic (rather than Anglo-Catholic) church traditions.
本文报告了在2020年英国新冠肺炎首次封锁期间,英国教会4374名神职人员和非神职人员对个人、心理、社会和神学因素在塑造对教堂建筑的态度、教堂的封锁以及进入虚拟教堂的轨迹方面的影响。一项在线调查的数据被用于创建三个量表,即亲教堂建筑、反教堂封锁和亲虚拟教堂,这些量表被证明具有足够的内部一致性可靠性。使用分层多元回归测试了五组预测变量:个人因素(性别和年龄)、心理因素(心理类型得分)、社会位置(圣职地位、教育、地理位置)、神学立场(现代与传统崇拜、自由与保守的教义信仰、自由与保守性的道德观),和教会传统(盎格鲁天主教、大教堂、福音派和魅力主义)。这三个量表是由略有不同的变量组预测的,但在每种情况下,个人因素和心理因素在控制了其他类型的因素后都保留了一定的预测能力。研究结果表明,那些最有可能在网上教会生活中扮演重要角色的人是女性(而不是男性)、中年人(而不是年轻人或老年人)、直觉(而不是感知)和感觉(而不是思考)心理类型、神职人员(而不是俗人)、生活在市中心以外的人,那些喜欢现代(而不是传统)崇拜形式的人,那些对教义和道德持更自由(而不是保守)观点的人,以及那些信奉福音派和魅力派(而不是英国天主教)教会传统的人。
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引用次数: 14
期刊
Journal of Empirical Theology
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