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Civic Purpose among Higher Education Students – A Study of Four Dutch and Finnish Institutions 高等教育学生的公民目的——对四所荷兰和芬兰院校的研究
IF 0.8 0 RELIGION Pub Date : 2023-07-27 DOI: 10.1163/15709256-20231158
E. Kuusisto, I. de Groot, I. Schutte, I. Rissanen
Given the increasing interest in academic citizenship in higher education, this study examines the civic purposes of higher education students in two European countries, namely the Netherlands and Finland, and relations between students’ worldviews and their civic purposes. The majority of students was categorized as so-called disengaged or dreamers, respectively either not civically interested or active or then visioning but not actualizing civic interests. Students with a purposeful profile referring to high civic interest, action, and identity, were most prevalent among Dutch students with a humanistic worldview and Finnish students reporting religions other than Christianity. Students from both countries not identifying with any organized worldviews were more likely to be allocated to the disengaged profile. Possible explanations for differences in student profiles are discussed.
鉴于高等教育对学术公民的兴趣日益浓厚,本研究考察了两个欧洲国家,即荷兰和芬兰,高等教育学生的公民目的,以及学生世界观与公民目的之间的关系。大多数学生被归类为所谓的“不参与”或“梦想家”,分别是对公民利益不感兴趣或不积极,或者有愿景但没有实现公民利益。在具有人文主义世界观的荷兰学生和芬兰学生中,具有高度公民兴趣、行动和身份认同的有目的的学生最为普遍。这两个国家的学生都不认同任何有组织的世界观,他们更有可能被分配到不参与的类别。讨论了学生概况差异的可能解释。
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引用次数: 0
COVID-19, Meaning and Mental Health in Higher Education: An International Comparison 新冠肺炎、意义与高等教育心理健康的国际比较
IF 0.8 0 RELIGION Pub Date : 2023-07-13 DOI: 10.1163/15709256-20231143
H. Schilderman, J. Kregting, Michael Scherer-Rath, Ulrich Riegel, Alexander Unser
The impact of the COVID-19 pandemic is studied among Dutch and German university students and staff, at the inception of the pandemic in April 2020. The effects of conditions of study and work are studied on mental health, while taking into account the adaptive function of meaning and controlling for relevant demographic characteristics. Results indicate that negative experiences of study and work affect various dimensions of mental health and differ for Dutch and German university contexts. Meaning acts as a resource for mental health, especially regarding dimensions of meaningfulness and trust. Programs for university care are called for in which the insights of this study are taken into account.
在2020年4月新冠肺炎大流行开始时,对荷兰和德国大学生和教职员工进行了研究。研究了学习和工作条件对心理健康的影响,同时考虑了意义的适应功能和对相关人口特征的控制。结果表明,学习和工作的负面经历会影响心理健康的各个方面,荷兰和德国大学的情况不同。意义是心理健康的资源,尤其是在意义和信任方面。大学护理项目需要考虑到这项研究的见解。
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引用次数: 0
Religion and Attitude towards Sustainability 宗教与对可持续性的态度
IF 0.8 0 RELIGION Pub Date : 2023-06-30 DOI: 10.1163/15709256-20231140
Ulrich Riegel
Climate change and sustainable lifestyles are discussed intensely in civil society, again. Unlike in the the 1970s and 1980s, however, religious communities seem to play a minor role in this discussion. This raises the question of the importance of religion in regard to an ecological attitude. Based on a sample of N = 4131 (former) church members (age: 14 to 89 years – 47% females – 60% with Bachelor-degree of better), this paper analyzes the effect of centrality of religion (as personal indicator in regard of religion) and membership status (as institutional indicator in regard of religion) on values addressing ecology. The findings indicate that church members and religious individuals show a more positive ecological attitude than individuals that did have disaffiliated from church or are not religious. Highly religious respondents, however, are less concerned with ecology than religious ones. Moreover, the effect of membership status is not significant anymore when socio-demographic variables are added as well as when lifestyle is added. The paper will discuss these findings within the framework of the theoretical distinction between ‘old’ and ‘new’ style of political participation.
民间社会再次热烈讨论气候变化和可持续生活方式。然而,与20世纪70年代和80年代不同的是,宗教团体似乎在这场讨论中发挥了次要作用。这就提出了宗教在生态态度方面的重要性问题。基于N=4131名(前)教会成员(年龄:14至89岁,47%为女性,60%为本科以上学历)的样本,本文分析了宗教中心性(作为宗教方面的个人指标)和成员地位(作为宗教领域的制度指标)对生态价值观的影响。研究结果表明,教会成员和宗教人士比脱离教会或不信教的人表现出更积极的生态态度。然而,与宗教受访者相比,高度宗教化的受访者更不关心生态问题。此外,当加入社会人口变量和生活方式时,会员身份的影响不再显著。本文将在“旧”和“新”政治参与风格的理论区别框架内讨论这些发现。
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引用次数: 0
Safety and Closeness in Religious Socialization: A Mixed Methods Study of Finnish Families 宗教社会化中的安全与亲密:芬兰家庭的混合方法研究
IF 0.8 0 RELIGION Pub Date : 2023-06-30 DOI: 10.1163/15709256-20231144
Laura Kallatsa, J. Spännäri, Kati Tervo-Niemelä
In this study, we analyze how do safety and closeness, or the lack of them, affect religious socialization in Finnish families. Our empirical data consist of family interviews and a large survey data. As a result, three key dimensions were found: 1) the atmosphere in families, 2) the atmosphere related to religious communities, and 3) the atmosphere related to one’s own spirituality. Our study suggests several implications both for practice in religious and other communities of existential meaning and for the study of those communities and empirical theologies. The study is part of the international research project “The transmission of religion across generations: a comparative international study of continuities and discontinuities in family socialization”, funded by Templeton Foundation.
在这项研究中,我们分析了安全和亲密,或缺乏安全和亲密如何影响芬兰家庭的宗教社会化。我们的实证数据包括家庭访谈和大量调查数据。因此,发现了三个关键维度:1)家庭中的氛围,2)与宗教团体有关的氛围,以及3)与自己的精神有关的氛围。我们的研究对宗教和其他具有存在意义的社区的实践以及对这些社区和经验神学的研究提出了一些启示。这项研究是由邓普顿基金会资助的国际研究项目“宗教代代相传:家庭社会化的连续性和不连续性的国际比较研究”的一部分。
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引用次数: 0
Theology’s Concern for Wellbeing and Human Flourishing: A Research Program 神学对健康与人类繁荣的关注:一个研究项目
IF 0.8 0 RELIGION Pub Date : 2023-04-11 DOI: 10.1163/15709256-20231135
This article proposes a new perspective for theology calling for fresh studies on religion and coping, resilience, wellbeing and flourishing. These studies have grown far from theological areas and could be seen as quite strange to that tradition, its methods, and views. However, theology can learn a lot from these new studies when trying to update its message of salvation, endowing it with a more explicit content and can offer interesting points to other treaties, like Christian Anthropology and Practical Theology. To that end the article reports and briefly reviews those relevant developments, tries to address several doubts and to connect better theology with that research, after assuming a more pragmatic and empirical stance.
本文为神学提出了一个新的视角,呼吁对宗教与应对、韧性、幸福感和繁荣进行新的研究。这些研究与神学领域相距甚远,可以被视为对传统、方法和观点相当陌生。然而,神学在试图更新其救赎信息时,可以从这些新研究中学到很多东西,赋予其更明确的内容,并可以为其他条约提供有趣的观点,如基督教人类学和实践神学。为此,本文报告并简要回顾了这些相关的发展,试图解决一些疑问,并在采取更务实和实证的立场后,将更好的神学与该研究联系起来。
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引用次数: 0
Developing a Research Tool for Investigating Religious Knowledge as Part of Religious Literacy: The Questionnaire – First Results – Possibilities for International Comparisons 开发一种研究工具,将宗教知识作为宗教素养的一部分进行调查:问卷调查——初步结果——国际比较的可能性
IF 0.8 0 RELIGION Pub Date : 2023-03-14 DOI: 10.1163/15709256-20231146
Evelyn Schnaufer, Mirjam Rutkowski, Antti Räsänen, C. Osbeck, Friedrich Schweitzer
This article makes international debates on religious literacy as well as forms of assessment in RE related to these debates its starting point by identifying the lack of an empirical basis for the respective discussions. A questionnaire for 15-year-old pupils with a focus on religious knowledge, based on prior studies and tried out in Finland, Germany and Sweden is introduced. The results, although not representative, allow for comparative evaluation, comparing the results at country level and in reference to different kinds of religion-related knowledge. Possible influences of the different curricula are identified by comparing different degrees of familiarity with certain topics or religions in relation to when the respective curriculum foresees them being treated. The article is meant to demonstrate that meaningful international research on religious knowledge as part of religious literacy is possible, that its results could inform RE and show the possible value of developing such efforts further.
本文通过确定各自讨论缺乏经验基础,使有关宗教素养的国际辩论以及与这些辩论相关的可再生能源评估形式成为其出发点。本文介绍了一份针对15岁学生的宗教知识调查问卷,该问卷基于先前的研究,并在芬兰、德国和瑞典试用过。这些结果虽然不具有代表性,但可以进行比较评估,在国家一级比较结果,并参考不同种类的宗教相关知识。不同课程可能产生的影响是通过比较学生对某些主题或宗教的不同熟悉程度,以及相应课程预计如何处理这些主题或宗教来确定的。本文旨在证明,作为宗教素养的一部分,对宗教知识进行有意义的国际研究是可能的,其结果可以为RE提供信息,并显示进一步发展此类努力的可能价值。
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引用次数: 0
Social Exclusion as Spiritual Inclusion 社会排斥作为精神包容
IF 0.8 0 RELIGION Pub Date : 2023-03-03 DOI: 10.1163/15709256-20231142
Rosa Huotari
Through ethnographic fieldwork conducted in 2020–2021, this paper investigates how people experiencing poverty and social exclusion process their collective in-group/ out-group identity as the urban ‘others’ in faith-based food assistance in Finland. By building on the concept of collective identity and employing narrative construction, the analysis shows that not only does perceived social exclusion function as a stigmatizing self-category and symbolic boundary maker but also as a resource for resistance, especially in the theological accounts of the informants. When looking through the lenses of urban theology, the informants do not just tell a story about themselves, but they do theology as well. All in all, the others may be excluded from society and yet included in Spirit.
通过在2020-2021年进行的民族志田野调查,本文调查了芬兰经历贫困和社会排斥的人如何在基于信仰的粮食援助中将他们的集体群体内/群体外身份视为城市“他者”。通过建立集体认同的概念和采用叙事结构,分析表明,感知到的社会排斥不仅是一种污名化的自我范畴和象征性的边界制造者,而且是一种抵抗的资源,特别是在举报人的神学叙述中。从城市神学的角度来看,这些信息提供者不仅讲述了一个关于他们自己的故事,而且还讲述了神学。总而言之,其他人可能被排除在社会之外,但却包含在精神中。
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引用次数: 0
Monetized Religion in the Public Church 公共教会的宗教货币化
IF 0.8 0 RELIGION Pub Date : 2023-03-03 DOI: 10.1163/15709256-20231149
Felix Roleder
The quantitative study undertakes a systematic investigation of the church-related donation practice in the context of the Protestant Church in Germany. The characteristic logics of membership and participation in this publicly regulated institutionalized church are considered as well as the multidimensionality of donation practice. Religious donations are located at the interface of the individual and the church institution. Key explanatory factors for financial giving emerge: objective and subjective costs, opportunities and occasions, institutional identification and reputation, social context, prayer practice, competition, and mediatized publics. Rational choice, generalized reciprocity, and risk and trust calculations act as guiding theories. The empirical findings are connected to a general theory of religious behavior. Implications for church fundraising, church financing, and church membership are discussed.
定量研究以德国新教为背景,对教会捐赠实践进行了系统的调查。考虑了这个受公共监管的制度化教会的成员资格和参与的特征逻辑,以及捐赠实践的多维性。宗教捐赠位于个人和教会机构的界面。财政捐赠的关键解释因素出现了:客观和主观成本、机会和场合、机构认同和声誉、社会背景、祈祷实践、竞争和中介公众。理性选择、广义互惠、风险和信任计算是指导理论。实证研究结果与宗教行为的一般理论有关。讨论了对教会筹款、教会融资和教会成员资格的影响。
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引用次数: 0
Finnish Confirmation Training in Religious Biographies 芬兰宗教传记确认培训
IF 0.8 0 RELIGION Pub Date : 2023-02-23 DOI: 10.1163/15709256-20231136
Heidi Toivanen
Several recent studies have examined religious biographies, i.e. individual religious trajectories. However, little research has been conducted on the relevance of single life events in religious biographies, such as religious rites of passage. One such rite of passage, confirmation training, has preserved its popularity in Finland despite declining church membership. The aim of this study, therefore, was to examine the relevance of Finnish confirmation training in religious biographies. The data comprise 15 multigenerational family interviews (N = 54) conducted in 2019–2022. The study is part of an international research investigating religious transmission over generations. The findings indicate that confirmation training initiates a socialization process in relation to areas of faith, religious community, family heritage and cultural heritage. These relations comprise three types of movement: attachment, distancing, and stability/ irrelevance. The results demonstrate the complexity and uniqueness of religious biographies as individuals create distinctive religious trajectories and transitions.
最近的几项研究考察了宗教传记,即个人的宗教轨迹。然而,很少有人研究宗教传记中单一生活事件的相关性,例如宗教成人仪式。尽管教会会员人数不断减少,但其中一种成人仪式——确认培训——在芬兰仍然很受欢迎。因此,本研究的目的是检验芬兰宗教传记确认培训的相关性。数据包括2019年至2022年进行的15次多代家庭访谈(N=54)。这项研究是一项调查宗教代代相传的国际研究的一部分。研究结果表明,确认培训启动了与信仰、宗教社区、家庭遗产和文化遗产相关的社会化进程。这些关系包括三种类型的运动:依恋、疏远和稳定/无关。研究结果证明了宗教传记的复杂性和独特性,因为个人创造了独特的宗教轨迹和转变。
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引用次数: 0
Empirical Theology as Theological Netnography: Methodological Considerations 作为神学网络学的经验神学:方法论思考
IF 0.8 0 RELIGION Pub Date : 2022-12-14 DOI: 10.1163/15709256-20221435
Mark J. Cartledge
It is clear that the role of the internet is ubiquitous in everyday life. With smart phones almost everyone can access the internet 24/7 and use it for emails, social network activity, searching for information and navigation when driving a car to a new destination. It is also the case that the online world intersects directly with and is embedded in the off-line world of our everyday lives. Almost all forms of religion have this intersection and function with it as a matter of course. For Christians this has meant that ecclesial dimensions of spiritual life have also been taken online, or that the online dimensions have intersected with the everyday ecclesial life of most if not all Christians. The Covid-19 pandemic demonstrated how easily it was for most church congregations to arrange for services to be live-streamed online, supported by social media. Indeed, these new types of services attracted many visitors during the various lockdowns and a number of regular church-goers decided that they preferred the online world to the concrete one they were previously familiar. These recent changes in religious life invite reflection from the perspective of empirical theology. In particular, it may be asked how might an empirical approach to theology develop in relation to virtual ethnography or netnography? There is an emerging body of methodological literature that embraces the study of online or digital communities, otherwise known as netnography (Boellstorff et al, 2012; Hine, 2000, 2015; Kozinets, 2013, 2020; Pink et al, 2016), but, so far, there is a very limited application of empirical studies from a theological perspective (although see Hutchings, 2017; Sutinen and Cooper, 2021). Therefore, this paper explores the question: is there a distinctly empirical-theological approach to netnography? This question will be addressed in this exploratory paper and a methodological proposal suggested as part of the discussion.
很明显,互联网的作用在日常生活中无处不在。有了智能手机,几乎每个人都可以全天候访问互联网,并在开车前往新目的地时使用它进行电子邮件、社交网络活动、搜索信息和导航。在线世界与我们日常生活中的离线世界直接相交并嵌入其中。几乎所有形式的宗教都有这种交叉点,并理所当然地发挥作用。对基督徒来说,这意味着精神生活的教会层面也被带到了网上,或者说,如果不是所有基督徒的话,网络层面已经与大多数基督徒的日常教会生活相交。新冠肺炎大流行表明,大多数教堂集会在社交媒体的支持下,安排在线直播服务是多么容易。事实上,在各种封锁期间,这些新型服务吸引了许多游客,许多经常去教堂的人决定,他们更喜欢网络世界,而不是以前熟悉的具体世界。最近宗教生活的这些变化引起了从经验神学的角度的反思。特别是,有人可能会问,神学的实证方法如何与虚拟民族志或网络志相联系?有一批新兴的方法论文献涵盖了对在线或数字社区的研究,也被称为网络志(Boellstorff等人,2012;海因,20002015;Kozinets,20132020;Pink等人,2016),但到目前为止,从神学角度来看,实证研究的应用非常有限(尽管见Hutchings,2017;Sutinen和Cooper,2021)。因此,本文探讨了一个问题:是否有一种明显的经验主义神学方法来处理网络文学?这一问题将在本探索性文件中讨论,并作为讨论的一部分提出一项方法建议。
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引用次数: 0
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Journal of Empirical Theology
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