Pub Date : 2025-03-03DOI: 10.1016/j.seppur.2025.132351
Xuefeng Zhang, Can Wang, Tong Pei, Fengfeng Gao, Xiaogang Hao, Lei Xing, Zhong Liu
Electrically Switched Ion Exchange (ESIX) offers significant potential for Li+ extraction from low-quality brines. However, the underlying physical processes and rate-limiting steps under various conditions remain poorly understood. This study introduces a spatiotemporal distribution model for Li+ extraction in a static ESIX system with LMO-PPy film electrodes. The model integrates mass transport and electron transfer kinetics using the Butler-Volmer and Helmholtz equations, providing insights into the dynamics that govern extraction efficiency and system scalability. Detailed numerical studies were conducted to assess the impact of operating conditions and film electrode parameters. It reveals that the Li+ concentration polarization and capacitive matching between electrodes are identified as the main rate-limiting factors. Utilizing a spacer thickness of 0.4 cm, a PPy/LMO film thickness ratio of 25:3, and an adsorption current of −5 mA/g, lithium extraction efficiency surpasses 85 %. Furthermore, a desorption current of 100 mA/g is determined to be optimal for maximizing Li+ desorption efficiency while reducing operational time. The model suggests an initial activation degree of electroactive sites around 60 % to optimize Li+ enrichment efficiency. This work offers essential theoretical guidance for optimizing the Li+ extraction process from low-quality brines.
{"title":"Underlying physics analysis and performance evaluation of electrochemical Li+ extraction from low-quality brines via a spatiotemporal distribution model","authors":"Xuefeng Zhang, Can Wang, Tong Pei, Fengfeng Gao, Xiaogang Hao, Lei Xing, Zhong Liu","doi":"10.1016/j.seppur.2025.132351","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.seppur.2025.132351","url":null,"abstract":"Electrically Switched Ion Exchange (ESIX) offers significant potential for Li<sup>+</sup> extraction from low-quality brines. However, the underlying physical processes and rate-limiting steps under various conditions remain poorly understood. This study introduces a spatiotemporal distribution model for Li<sup>+</sup> extraction in a static ESIX system with LMO-PPy film electrodes. The model integrates mass transport and electron transfer kinetics using the Butler-Volmer and Helmholtz equations, providing insights into the dynamics that govern extraction efficiency and system scalability. Detailed numerical studies were conducted to assess the impact of operating conditions and film electrode parameters. It reveals that the Li<sup>+</sup> concentration polarization and capacitive matching between electrodes are identified as the main rate-limiting factors. Utilizing a spacer thickness of 0.4 cm, a PPy/LMO film thickness ratio of 25:3, and an adsorption current of −5 mA/g, lithium extraction efficiency surpasses 85 %. Furthermore, a desorption current of 100 mA/g is determined to be optimal for maximizing Li<sup>+</sup> desorption efficiency while reducing operational time. The model suggests an initial activation degree of electroactive sites around 60 % to optimize Li<sup>+</sup> enrichment efficiency. This work offers essential theoretical guidance for optimizing the Li<sup>+</sup> extraction process from low-quality brines.","PeriodicalId":427,"journal":{"name":"Separation and Purification Technology","volume":"151 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":8.6,"publicationDate":"2025-03-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143532709","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Acoustic agglomeration technology has emerged as a promising method for rapid aerosol removal, particularly for fire smoke elimination. Traditional electro-acoustic transducers have complex structures, high energy consumption, and lack the driving force needed for continuous operation at high temperatures. In contrast, air-jet generators feature simpler structures and utilize airflow to produce sound waves, creating a more uniformly distributed acoustic field that is better suited for fire smoke scenarios. On this basis, a Hartmann whistle with flow-sound-separation characteristics was designed, incorporating three resonant cavity depths in this study. An experimental setup was established to evaluate the sound properties and agglomeration performance on continuous fire smoke for the first time. The study primarily examined the effects of acoustic source structure, driving pressure, residence time, and initial smoke concentration on agglomeration. Experimental results indicated that a frequency of 3 kHz and a side opening of 1.5 mm were optimal, achieving over 75 % transmittance after 10 s. Adjusting the driving pressure further improved agglomeration, reaching a transmittance of 77.9 % after 12 s at 0.15 MPa. This work aims to advance the development of acoustic air-jet generators and lay the foundation for their future application in fire smoke elimination.
{"title":"Experimental study on the eliminating effect of continuous fire Smokes by Flow-Sound-Separation Hartmann whistles","authors":"Sirui Tong, Guangxue Zhang, Mengsong Shen, Hailin Gu, Jiangrong Xu","doi":"10.1016/j.seppur.2025.132352","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.seppur.2025.132352","url":null,"abstract":"Acoustic agglomeration technology has emerged as a promising method for rapid aerosol removal, particularly for fire smoke elimination. Traditional electro-acoustic transducers have complex structures, high energy consumption, and lack the driving force needed for continuous operation at high temperatures. In contrast, air-jet generators feature simpler structures and utilize airflow to produce sound waves, creating a more uniformly distributed acoustic field that is better suited for fire smoke scenarios. On this basis, a Hartmann whistle with flow-sound-separation characteristics was designed, incorporating three resonant cavity depths in this study. An experimental setup was established to evaluate the sound properties and agglomeration performance on continuous fire smoke for the first time. The study primarily examined the effects of acoustic source structure, driving pressure, residence time, and initial smoke concentration on agglomeration. Experimental results indicated that a frequency of 3 kHz and a side opening of 1.5 mm were optimal, achieving over 75 % transmittance after 10 s. Adjusting the driving pressure further improved agglomeration, reaching a transmittance of 77.9 % after 12 s at 0.15 MPa. This work aims to advance the development of acoustic air-jet generators and lay the foundation for their future application in fire smoke elimination.","PeriodicalId":427,"journal":{"name":"Separation and Purification Technology","volume":"66 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":8.6,"publicationDate":"2025-03-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143532638","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-03-03DOI: 10.1016/j.seppur.2025.132349
Meng Hu, Miaomiao Hu, Wenyan Li
The large-scale utilization of power batteries in electrical vehicles (EVs) rapidly depletes metal mineral resources, leading to a significant shortage of valuable metals such as nickel, cobalt, and lithium. To address this scarcity and lower production costs, an urgent need is to develop effective separation strategies for extracting metals from spent batteries. This is crucial for sustainable economic development and environmental protection. Here, we present a method for separating Ni and Co from the positive electrodes of Ni-M(H) and Li-ion batteries through ammonia coordination and oxidization. In this process, the metals are leached from the positive electrodes and transformed into ammine complexes. The divalent cobalt complex is oxidized by hydrogen peroxide or air, forming the trivalent cobalt ammine complex, while the nickel complex crystallizes from concentrated aqueous ammonia and is thus isolated. The remaining trivalent cobalt ammine complex is crystallized from the solution by the addition of hydrochloric acid. We successfully recovered 81.1 % nickel and 55.5 % Co from the spent positive mixture of Ni-M(H) batteries, and 83 %∼90 % Ni and 64 ∼ 96 % Co from Ni from the simulated positive electrode mixing solutions with the Ni/Co ratio of 10:1 to 6:5. When the NH4Cl/Ni2+ ratio is 4.7, the separation efficiency of Ni increases to 94.7 %. We then re-synthesized nickel hydroxide (Ni(OH)2) with the nickel complex and supercapacitive cobalt oxide (Co3O4) products. The resulting Ni(OH)2 demonstrates superior capacity and cyclic charge/discharge performance compared to commercial spherical Ni(OH)2 with an initial capacity of 163.4 mAh⋅g−1, increasing to 252.8 mAh⋅g−1 by the 25th cycle, and reaching 271.9 mAh⋅g−1 by the 100th cycle under a specific current of 800 mA⋅g−1. Meanwhile, the Co3O4 exhibits a capacitance of 306.6F⋅g−1 after the 10th cycle, which maintains 247.8F⋅g−1 after 1000 cycles and 204.8F⋅g−1 after 3000 cycles under a specific current of 1.0 A⋅g−1. Moreover, a preliminary analysis of economic feasibility indicates that the separation and regeneration process of Ni and Co is low-cost and potentially environmentally friendly.
{"title":"Efficient complexation-oxidation separation of nickel and cobalt from spent secondary batteries for energy storage and conversion applications","authors":"Meng Hu, Miaomiao Hu, Wenyan Li","doi":"10.1016/j.seppur.2025.132349","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.seppur.2025.132349","url":null,"abstract":"The large-scale utilization of power batteries in electrical vehicles (EVs) rapidly depletes metal mineral resources, leading to a significant shortage of valuable metals such as nickel, cobalt, and lithium. To address this scarcity and lower production costs, an urgent need is to develop effective separation strategies for extracting metals from spent batteries. This is crucial for sustainable economic development and environmental protection. Here, we present a method for separating Ni and Co from the positive electrodes of Ni-M(H) and Li-ion batteries through ammonia coordination and oxidization. In this process, the metals are leached from the positive electrodes and transformed into ammine complexes. The divalent cobalt complex is oxidized by hydrogen peroxide or air, forming the trivalent cobalt ammine complex, while the nickel complex crystallizes from concentrated aqueous ammonia and is thus isolated. The remaining trivalent cobalt ammine complex is crystallized from the solution by the addition of hydrochloric acid. We successfully recovered 81.1 % nickel and 55.5 % Co from the spent positive mixture of Ni-M(H) batteries, and 83 %∼90 % Ni and 64 ∼ 96 % Co from Ni from the simulated positive electrode mixing solutions with the Ni/Co ratio of 10:1 to 6:5. When the NH<sub>4</sub>Cl/Ni<sup>2+</sup> ratio is 4.7, the separation efficiency of Ni increases to 94.7 %. We then re-synthesized nickel hydroxide (Ni(OH)<sub>2</sub>) with the nickel complex and supercapacitive cobalt oxide (Co<sub>3</sub>O<sub>4</sub>) products. The resulting Ni(OH)<sub>2</sub> demonstrates superior capacity and cyclic charge/discharge performance compared to commercial spherical Ni(OH)<sub>2</sub> with an initial capacity of 163.4 mAh⋅g<sup>−1</sup>, increasing to 252.8 mAh⋅g<sup>−1</sup> by the 25th cycle, and reaching 271.9 mAh⋅g<sup>−1</sup> by the 100th cycle under a specific current of 800 mA⋅g<sup>−1</sup>. Meanwhile, the Co<sub>3</sub>O<sub>4</sub> exhibits a capacitance of 306.6F⋅g<sup>−1</sup> after the 10th cycle, which maintains 247.8F⋅g<sup>−1</sup> after 1000 cycles and 204.8F⋅g<sup>−1</sup> after 3000 cycles under a specific current of 1.0 A⋅g<sup>−1</sup>. Moreover, a preliminary analysis of economic feasibility indicates that the separation and regeneration process of Ni and Co is low-cost and potentially environmentally friendly.","PeriodicalId":427,"journal":{"name":"Separation and Purification Technology","volume":"13 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":8.6,"publicationDate":"2025-03-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143532642","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Deep eutectic solvents (DESs) are considered as environmentally friendly solvents for metal separation and extraction. Compared to aqueous solvents, DESs possess the characteristics of designability, recyclability, and stability; however, they also encounter significant challenges, such as high viscosity and cost constraints that limit their widespread application. The multifunctionality of water in regulating the solvent structure and phase behavior of DESs, modulating the form of metal ions in the system, enhancing efficient separation and recovery of metals, and facilitating the recycling of the solvent system is emphasized in this review. It comprehensively summarizes research progress on water’s roles as an additive, ligand modulator, and anti-solvent in choline chloride (ChCl)-based DESs processes for metal separation and extraction. Moreover, it highlights the pivotal role of water while discussing current research limitations by summarizing the challenges faced by water-modified ChCl-based DESs in metal resource recovery. Finally, future research directions are outlined to provide guidance for process improvement and the practical application of ChCl-based DESs.
{"title":"Metal separation and recovery employing choline chloride-based deep eutectic solvents: Diverse functions of water","authors":"Chaowu Wang, Xiaohui Lu, Rongrong Deng, Mengwei Guo, Mingyuan Gao, Juanjian Ru, Cunying Xu, Yixin Hua, Qibo Zhang","doi":"10.1016/j.seppur.2025.132341","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.seppur.2025.132341","url":null,"abstract":"Deep eutectic solvents (DESs) are considered as environmentally friendly solvents for metal separation and extraction. Compared to aqueous solvents, DESs possess the characteristics of designability, recyclability, and stability; however, they also encounter significant challenges, such as high viscosity and cost constraints that limit their widespread application. The multifunctionality of water in regulating the solvent structure and phase behavior of DESs, modulating the form of metal ions in the system, enhancing efficient separation and recovery of metals, and facilitating the recycling of the solvent system is emphasized in this review. It comprehensively summarizes research progress on water’s roles as an additive, ligand modulator, and anti-solvent in choline chloride (ChCl)-based DESs processes for metal separation and extraction. Moreover, it highlights the pivotal role of water while discussing current research limitations by summarizing the challenges faced by water-modified ChCl-based DESs in metal resource recovery. Finally, future research directions are outlined to provide guidance for process improvement and the practical application of ChCl-based DESs.","PeriodicalId":427,"journal":{"name":"Separation and Purification Technology","volume":"32 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":8.6,"publicationDate":"2025-03-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143532868","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-03-02DOI: 10.1016/j.seppur.2025.132348
Jessica M.A. Freire, Julio J. Lado, Gonzalo Castro, Elisane Longhinotti, Enrique García-Quismondo, Jesús Palma
Capacitive Deionization (CDI) is a promising electrochemical technology for water treatment. This study investigates the impact of an innovative hybrid constant current-constant voltage (CC-CV) operational mode on the CDI performance for brackish water desalination. Batch and Single Pass (SP) experiments were performed using CDI stacks equipped with activated carbon coated graphite felt electrodes of different dimensions (300 cm2 and 1200 cm2). SP experiments demonstrated that incorporating a CV step into a CC charging process performed at high current densities increased salt removal sixfold, from 384 mgNaCl / 45.0 mgNaCl L-1 (obtained in CC mode) to 2276 mgNaCl / 148.7 mgNaCl L-1 (when using CC-CV). This improvement stems from using thick electrodes, which benefit from longer polarization periods to reach their full capacity. Moreover, the introduction of a CV period allows to produce consistent water quality over prolonged operation. However, longer cycles result in slower salt removal kinetics (ASAR), reduced productivity (P) and higher volumetric energy consumption (EV). Further experiments revealed that extending CV period beyond 30 min led to decreased ASAR, reduced P values, and higher EV, without significantly impacting Salt Adsorption Capacity (SAC) (8.0 – 9.0 mg g-1). To address energy demand concerns, a pioneering operational mode was tested in a CDI pilot plant using an Open Circuit Voltage (OCV) period following CC charging (CC-OCV). This approach allowed the electrodes to continue polarization and maintain desalination without consuming energy. As result, charge efficiency (Ʌcycle) was optimized (CC, 57 %; CC-CV, 67 %; CC-OCV, 75 %), energy parameters (Em and EV) were improved, and SAC was increased from 9.7 mg g-1 using CC to 11.9 mg g-1 using CC-OCV, though not reaching the values achieved with the CC-CV mode (13.8 mg g-1). Further combinations of higher voltages along with OCV steps yielded the best performance, achieving a SAC of 15.5 mg g-1 and a Ʌcycle of 76 %, highlighting the potential of this operational mode to improve CDI performance.
{"title":"Enhancing capacitive deionization performance through a hybrid constant current-constant voltage operational mode","authors":"Jessica M.A. Freire, Julio J. Lado, Gonzalo Castro, Elisane Longhinotti, Enrique García-Quismondo, Jesús Palma","doi":"10.1016/j.seppur.2025.132348","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.seppur.2025.132348","url":null,"abstract":"Capacitive Deionization (CDI) is a promising electrochemical technology for water treatment. This study investigates the impact of an innovative hybrid constant current-constant voltage (CC-CV) operational mode on the CDI performance for brackish water desalination. Batch and Single Pass (SP) experiments were performed using CDI stacks equipped with activated carbon coated graphite felt electrodes of different dimensions (300 cm<sup>2</sup> and 1200 cm<sup>2</sup>). SP experiments demonstrated that incorporating a CV step into a CC charging process performed at high current densities increased salt removal sixfold, from 384 mg<sub>NaCl</sub> / 45.0 mg<sub>NaCl</sub> L<strong><em><sup>-</sup></em></strong><sup>1</sup> (obtained in CC mode) to 2276 mg<sub>NaCl</sub> / 148.7 mg<sub>NaCl</sub> L<strong><em><sup>-</sup></em></strong><sup>1</sup> (when using CC-CV). This improvement stems from using thick electrodes, which benefit from longer polarization periods to reach their full capacity. Moreover, the introduction of a CV period allows to produce consistent water quality over prolonged operation. However, longer cycles result in slower salt removal kinetics (<em>ASAR</em>), reduced productivity (<em>P</em>) and higher volumetric energy consumption (<em>E<sub>V</sub></em>). Further experiments revealed that extending CV period beyond 30 min led to decreased <em>ASAR</em>, reduced <em>P</em> values, and higher <em>E<sub>V</sub></em>, without significantly impacting Salt Adsorption Capacity (<em>SAC</em>) (8.0 – 9.0 mg g<sup>-1</sup>). To address energy demand concerns, a pioneering operational mode was tested in a CDI pilot plant using an Open Circuit Voltage (OCV) period following CC charging (CC-OCV). This approach allowed the electrodes to continue polarization and maintain desalination without consuming energy. As result, charge efficiency (<em>Ʌ<sub>cycle</sub></em>) was optimized (CC, 57 %; CC-CV, 67 %; CC-OCV, 75 %), energy parameters (<em>Em</em> and <em>E<sub>V</sub></em>) were improved, and <em>SAC</em> was increased from 9.7 mg g<sup>-1</sup> using CC to 11.9 mg g<sup>-1</sup> using CC-OCV, though not reaching the values achieved with the CC-CV mode (13.8 mg g<sup>-1</sup>). Further combinations of higher voltages along with OCV steps yielded the best performance, achieving a <em>SAC</em> of 15.5 mg g<sup>-1</sup> and a <em>Ʌ<sub>cycle</sub></em> of 76 %, highlighting the potential of this operational mode to improve CDI performance.","PeriodicalId":427,"journal":{"name":"Separation and Purification Technology","volume":"84 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":8.6,"publicationDate":"2025-03-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143532647","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-03-02DOI: 10.1016/j.seppur.2025.132106
Denis Kalugin, Jumanah Bahig, Ahmed Shoker, Huu Doan, Shelley Kirychuk, Amira Abdelrasoul
The captions for the figures have been updated as follows
{"title":"Superhydrophobic polyether sulfone (PES) dialysis membrane with enhanced hemocompatibility and reduced human serum protein interactions: Ex vivo, in situ synchrotron imaging, experimental, and computational studies","authors":"Denis Kalugin, Jumanah Bahig, Ahmed Shoker, Huu Doan, Shelley Kirychuk, Amira Abdelrasoul","doi":"10.1016/j.seppur.2025.132106","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.seppur.2025.132106","url":null,"abstract":"The captions for the figures have been updated as follows","PeriodicalId":427,"journal":{"name":"Separation and Purification Technology","volume":"29 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":8.6,"publicationDate":"2025-03-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143532644","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Catalytic membranes (CM) are a highly promising technology for efficiently tackling environmental pollution. They offer the unique ability to degrade contaminants while simultaneously preventing membrane fouling. This study synthesized a novel CM by incorporating a 2D Cobalt-Zinc Metal-Organic Framework (CoZn MOF) within a Pebax 1657 polymer matrix (Pebax-CoZn MOF). Additionally, the impact of different surfactant-treated MOFs on gas separation and photocatalysis applications was examined. Interestingly, the F127 surfactant-treated MOF nanoparticles (Pebax-F127-CoZn MOF) significantly enhance CO2 separation, achieving a CO2/N2 selectivity of 48.31 and a permeability of 110.15 Barrer. This enhancement is due to the F127 polymer containing numerous ethylene oxide (EO) groups that act as CO2 philic materials that can significantly enhance the CO2 solubility in the CM owing to the dipole-quadrupole interactions between CO2 and EO groups. However, the study encountered a surprising finding regarding degradation performance. CM without surfactants displayed better degradation of anionic (direct red—97%) and cationic (methylene blue—95.86%) dyes tested than the surfactant-modified MOF catalyst. This unexpected result suggests that the surfactants might be blocking the active sites on the MOF that are responsible for degradation. By achieving outstanding performance, this study underlines the versatility of CM for tackling diverse environmental pollutants.
{"title":"Facile synthesis of inherently MOF-integrated Pebax catalytic membrane for selective CO2 separation and photocatalytic degradation","authors":"Ravichandran Jayachitra, Adhimoorthy Prasannan, JNimita Jebaranjitham, Shih-Yun Chen, Retno Damastuti, Po-Da Hong","doi":"10.1016/j.seppur.2025.132347","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.seppur.2025.132347","url":null,"abstract":"Catalytic membranes (CM) are a highly promising technology for efficiently tackling environmental pollution. They offer the unique ability to degrade contaminants while simultaneously preventing membrane fouling. This study synthesized a novel CM by incorporating a 2D Cobalt-Zinc Metal-Organic Framework (CoZn MOF) within a Pebax 1657 polymer matrix (Pebax-CoZn MOF). Additionally, the impact of different surfactant-treated MOFs on gas separation and photocatalysis applications was examined. Interestingly, the F127 surfactant-treated MOF nanoparticles (Pebax-F127-CoZn MOF) significantly enhance CO<sub>2</sub> separation, achieving a CO<sub>2</sub>/N<sub>2</sub> selectivity of 48.31 and a permeability of 110.15 Barrer. This enhancement is due to the F127 polymer containing numerous ethylene oxide (EO) groups that act as CO<sub>2</sub> philic materials that can significantly enhance the CO<sub>2</sub> solubility in the CM owing to the dipole-quadrupole interactions between CO<sub>2</sub> and EO groups. However, the study encountered a surprising finding regarding degradation performance. CM without surfactants displayed better degradation of anionic (direct red—97%) and cationic (methylene blue—95.86%) dyes tested than the surfactant-modified MOF catalyst. This unexpected result suggests that the surfactants might be blocking the active sites on the MOF that are responsible for degradation. By achieving outstanding performance, this study underlines the versatility of CM for tackling diverse environmental pollutants.","PeriodicalId":427,"journal":{"name":"Separation and Purification Technology","volume":"66 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":8.6,"publicationDate":"2025-03-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143532646","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-03-02DOI: 10.1016/j.seppur.2025.132329
Nádia M. Figueiredo, Iuliia V. Voroshylova, Elisabete S.C. Ferreira, Andreia da Palma Fonseca, Jorge M.C. Marques, M. Natália D.S. Cordeiro
Due to their distinctive combination of ionic liquid (IL) characteristics and magnetic susceptibility, magnetic ionic liquids (MILs) have emerged as promising materials for gas capture and separation. In this study, molecular dynamics (MD) simulations were employed to investigate the thermodynamic, transport, and structural properties of selected MILs and their interactions with environmentally relevant gases, including methane (CH4), ammonia (NH3), carbon dioxide (CO2) and sulfur dioxide (SO2). The study focused on both imidazolium-based ([C4C1im]+) and phosphonium-based ([P66614]+) cations paired with various anions, including [FeCl4]−, [FeBr4]−, [MnCl4]2− and [GdCl6]3−. Fixed-charge force field parameters were established and validated for phosphonium-based MILs for the first time in the area. Free energy calculations demonstrated that phosphonium-based MILs with multivalent anions exhibit favorable solvation energies for CO2 and SO2 gases, indicating a high potential for selective gas capture. A reduction in gas mobility is observed in these multivalent-based MILs/gas systems. The molecular-level insights provided by radial distribution functions (RDFs) elucidate the critical role of anions in determining solvation behavior. This observation underscores the importance of these paramagnetic elements in the interactions between the gases and MILs. This study advances the understanding of gas-MIL interactions and offers a foundation for the rational design of advanced materials for industrial gas capture and environmental remediation processes.
{"title":"Properties and interactions of magnetic ionic Liquids: Focus on greenhouse gas capture from MD simulations","authors":"Nádia M. Figueiredo, Iuliia V. Voroshylova, Elisabete S.C. Ferreira, Andreia da Palma Fonseca, Jorge M.C. Marques, M. Natália D.S. Cordeiro","doi":"10.1016/j.seppur.2025.132329","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.seppur.2025.132329","url":null,"abstract":"Due to their distinctive combination of ionic liquid (IL) characteristics and magnetic susceptibility, magnetic ionic liquids (MILs) have emerged as promising materials for gas capture and separation. In this study, molecular dynamics (MD) simulations were employed to investigate the thermodynamic, transport, and structural properties of selected MILs and their interactions with environmentally relevant gases, including methane (CH<sub>4</sub>), ammonia (NH<sub>3</sub>), carbon dioxide (CO<sub>2</sub>) and sulfur dioxide (SO<sub>2</sub>). The study focused on both imidazolium-based ([C<sub>4</sub>C<sub>1</sub>im]<sup>+</sup>) and phosphonium-based ([P<sub>66614</sub>]<sup>+</sup>) cations paired with various anions, including [FeCl<sub>4</sub>]<sup>−</sup>, [FeBr<sub>4</sub>]<sup>−</sup>, [MnCl<sub>4</sub>]<sup>2−</sup> and [GdCl<sub>6</sub>]<sup>3−</sup>. Fixed-charge force field parameters were established and validated for phosphonium-based MILs for the first time in the area. Free energy calculations demonstrated that phosphonium-based MILs with multivalent anions exhibit favorable solvation energies for CO<sub>2</sub> and SO<sub>2</sub> gases, indicating a high potential for selective gas capture. A reduction in gas mobility is observed in these multivalent-based MILs/gas systems. The molecular-level insights provided by radial distribution functions (RDFs) elucidate the critical role of anions in determining solvation behavior. This observation underscores the importance of these paramagnetic elements in the interactions between the gases and MILs. This study advances the understanding of gas-MIL interactions and offers a foundation for the rational design of advanced materials for industrial gas capture and environmental remediation processes.","PeriodicalId":427,"journal":{"name":"Separation and Purification Technology","volume":"39 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":8.6,"publicationDate":"2025-03-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143532643","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Membrane technology has been being widely employed in wastewater treatment in recent years. Developing high-permeability and high-selectivity separation membrane is a key to expand their applications. In practice, biofouling often has a negative effect on membrane performance and membrane life span. Therefore, it is urgently needed to develop novel high-performance separation membrane with fast water molecular transport channel and excellent anti-bacterial properties. Owing to the abundant water molecular transport provided by ortho-hydroxyazo-linked porous organic polymer (o-POP) with polar functional groups and high hydrophilicity, and the excellent anti-bacteria and abundant oxygen-containing functional groups of graphene oxide (GO) material, high stable o-POP/GO composite membrane with abundant transport channel was constructed on a nylon substrate via simple in situ method in this work. The synergistic effect of o-POP and GO effectively improved the ability of water transport and anti-bacteria performance of the composite membrane. The o-POP/GO composite membrane not only possessed high water permeability of 151.3 L m–2h−1 bar−1 and excellent dye rejection (Evans blue (EB): 96.3 %, Methyl blue (MB): 98.0 %, Congo red (CR): 99.0 %, Eriochrome black T (EBT): 97.3 %, Methyl orange (MO): 71.5 %), but also exhibited positive anti-bacterial effect for Escherichia coli.
{"title":"Construction of water molecular transport channel by ortho-hydroxyazo-linked framework material for enhanced nanofiltration performance and anti-bacterial properties","authors":"Xueling Wang, Weiwei Bai, Man Wang, Jing Wang, Chuyang Tang, Yatao Zhang","doi":"10.1016/j.seppur.2025.132324","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.seppur.2025.132324","url":null,"abstract":"Membrane technology has been being widely employed in wastewater treatment in recent years. Developing high-permeability and high-selectivity separation membrane is a key to expand their applications. In practice, biofouling often has a negative effect on membrane performance and membrane life span. Therefore, it is urgently needed to develop novel high-performance separation membrane with fast water molecular transport channel and excellent anti-bacterial properties. Owing to the abundant water molecular transport provided by <em>ortho</em>-hydroxyazo-linked porous organic polymer (<em>o</em>-POP) with polar functional groups and high hydrophilicity, and the excellent anti-bacteria and abundant oxygen-containing functional groups of graphene oxide (GO) material, high stable <em>o</em>-POP/GO composite membrane with abundant transport channel was constructed on a nylon substrate <em>via</em> simple <em>in situ</em> method in this work. The synergistic effect of <em>o</em>-POP and GO effectively improved the ability of water transport and anti-bacteria performance of the composite membrane. The <em>o</em>-POP/GO composite membrane not only possessed high water permeability of 151.3 L m<sup>–2</sup>h<sup>−1</sup> bar<sup>−1</sup> and excellent dye rejection (Evans blue (EB): 96.3 %, Methyl blue (MB): 98.0 %, Congo red (CR): 99.0 %, Eriochrome black T (EBT): 97.3 %, Methyl orange (MO): 71.5 %), but also exhibited positive anti-bacterial effect for Escherichia coli.","PeriodicalId":427,"journal":{"name":"Separation and Purification Technology","volume":"278 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":8.6,"publicationDate":"2025-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143526526","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-03-01DOI: 10.1016/j.seppur.2025.132337
Sitepu Amrina Rosyada, Hyuncheal Lee, Jihun Lim, Seungkwan Hong
Coastal regions face increasing threats from rising sea levels, exacerbating groundwater contamination by salinity and heavy metal pollutants. This study presents a novel integration of theoretical modeling and experimental validation to optimize flow-electrode capacitive deionization (FCDI) for the removal of iron (Fe3+) and manganese (Mn2+) from groundwater. Unlike previous studies focusing solely on empirical approaches, this study develops and validates a comprehensive theoretical framework that accurately predicts specific energy consumption (SEC) and key energy loss mechanisms in FCDI. The model aligns closely with experimental results, confirming its reliability for system optimization. The first application of an optimized FCDI system tailored to Jakarta’s groundwater conditions was demonstrated through parameter optimization, achieving high removal efficiencies of up to 94 % for Fe3+ and Mn2+. Optimal operational conditions—17 wt% flow-electrode mass loading, a flow-electrode flow rate of 45 mL/min, and a feed flow rate of 5 mL/min—were determined to minimize SEC (0.171–0.398 kWh/gion), positioning FCDI as an energy-efficient alternative to conventional groundwater treatment technologies. This study not only advances the practical application of FCDI for dual contamination challenges in brackish and fresh groundwater but also establishes a generalizable modeling approach for optimizing FCDI performance across diverse water matrices. The findings provide a critical step toward scalable and sustainable electrochemical water treatment solutions for coastal regions facing similar contamination challenges.
{"title":"Theoretical modeling and performance optimization for the treatment of ferric- and manganese-contaminated groundwater by flow-electrode capacitive deionization","authors":"Sitepu Amrina Rosyada, Hyuncheal Lee, Jihun Lim, Seungkwan Hong","doi":"10.1016/j.seppur.2025.132337","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.seppur.2025.132337","url":null,"abstract":"Coastal regions face increasing threats from rising sea levels, exacerbating groundwater contamination by salinity and heavy metal pollutants. This study presents a novel integration of theoretical modeling and experimental validation to optimize flow-electrode capacitive deionization (FCDI) for the removal of iron (Fe<sup>3+</sup>) and manganese (Mn<sup>2+</sup>) from groundwater. Unlike previous studies focusing solely on empirical approaches, this study develops and validates a comprehensive theoretical framework that accurately predicts specific energy consumption (SEC) and key energy loss mechanisms in FCDI. The model aligns closely with experimental results, confirming its reliability for system optimization. The first application of an optimized FCDI system tailored to Jakarta’s groundwater conditions was demonstrated through parameter optimization, achieving high removal efficiencies of up to 94 % for Fe<sup>3+</sup> and Mn<sup>2+</sup>. Optimal operational conditions—17 wt% flow-electrode mass loading, a flow-electrode flow rate of 45 mL/min, and a feed flow rate of 5 mL/min—were determined to minimize SEC (0.171–0.398 kWh/gion), positioning FCDI as an energy-efficient alternative to conventional groundwater treatment technologies. This study not only advances the practical application of FCDI for dual contamination challenges in brackish and fresh groundwater but also establishes a generalizable modeling approach for optimizing FCDI performance across diverse water matrices. The findings provide a critical step toward scalable and sustainable electrochemical water treatment solutions for coastal regions facing similar contamination challenges.","PeriodicalId":427,"journal":{"name":"Separation and Purification Technology","volume":"8 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":8.6,"publicationDate":"2025-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143526347","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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