Eutrophication-induced algal blooms present serious risks to aquatic ecosystems and human health by crowding out the living space of aquatic plants and animals. In this study, an Ag2CO3/WO3 photocatalyst with exceptional optical properties was synthesized using an in situ stirring method. This photocatalyst exhibited remarkable efficacy in the visible light photocatalytic inactivation of Microcystis aeruginosa, achieving nearly 100% algal removal within 180 min. To elucidate the particular effect on algae cell for visible light photocatalytic inactivation, the physiological changes in algal cells were further investigated. Our findings revealed that Ag2CO3/WO3 severely impairs membrane permeability, disrupts stability, and interferes with the physiological metabolism of algal cells, leading to the continuous release and subsequent degradation of intra- and extracellular organic matter. Additionally, several reactive radicals, ·OH, ·O2−, 1O2 and h+, are considered the primary contributors to the inactivation of algal cells during visible-light photocatalytic inactivation. And efficient electron-hole separation in Ag2CO3/WO3, induced by the internal electric field, is a prerequisite for reactive oxygen species (ROSs) generation. Based on these findings, a potential mechanism for the visible light photocatalytic inactivation of M. aeruginosa by Ag2CO3/WO3 was proposed. Overall, Ag2CO3/WO3 demonstrated exceptional effectiveness in removing M. aeruginosa and held promise for application in managing harmful cyanobacteria blooms in aquatic ecosystems.
{"title":"Enhanced visible light photocatalytic inactivation of Microcystis aeruginosa using Ag2CO3/WO3 with strong internal electric field: Performance and mechanism","authors":"Gongduan Fan, Yixin Yao, Chenjian Cai, Banghao Du, Antong Shi, Kai-Qin Xu","doi":"10.1016/j.seppur.2025.131891","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.seppur.2025.131891","url":null,"abstract":"Eutrophication-induced algal blooms present serious risks to aquatic ecosystems and human health by crowding out the living space of aquatic plants and animals. In this study, an Ag<sub>2</sub>CO<sub>3</sub>/WO<sub>3</sub> photocatalyst with exceptional optical properties was synthesized using an in situ stirring method. This photocatalyst exhibited remarkable efficacy in the visible light photocatalytic inactivation of Microcystis aeruginosa, achieving nearly 100% algal removal within 180 min. To elucidate the particular effect on algae cell for visible light photocatalytic inactivation, the physiological changes in algal cells were further investigated. Our findings revealed that Ag<sub>2</sub>CO<sub>3</sub>/WO<sub>3</sub> severely impairs membrane permeability, disrupts stability, and interferes with the physiological metabolism of algal cells, leading to the continuous release and subsequent degradation of intra- and extracellular organic matter. Additionally, several reactive radicals, ·OH, ·O<sub>2</sub><sup>−</sup>, <sup>1</sup>O<sub>2</sub> and h<sup>+</sup>, are considered the primary contributors to the inactivation of algal cells during visible-light photocatalytic inactivation. And efficient electron-hole separation in Ag<sub>2</sub>CO<sub>3</sub>/WO<sub>3</sub>, induced by the internal electric field, is a prerequisite for reactive oxygen species (ROSs) generation. Based on these findings, a potential mechanism for the visible light photocatalytic inactivation of M. aeruginosa by Ag<sub>2</sub>CO<sub>3</sub>/WO<sub>3</sub> was proposed. Overall, Ag<sub>2</sub>CO<sub>3</sub>/WO<sub>3</sub> demonstrated exceptional effectiveness in removing M. aeruginosa and held promise for application in managing harmful cyanobacteria blooms in aquatic ecosystems.","PeriodicalId":427,"journal":{"name":"Separation and Purification Technology","volume":"72 1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":8.6,"publicationDate":"2025-01-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143072262","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-01-30DOI: 10.1016/j.seppur.2025.131865
Dahiru U. Lawal, Muaz Abdallah, Wail Falath, Turki Baroud, Ahmad Hussaini Jagaba, Sani I. Abba, Jamilu Usman, Suhaib M. Alawad, Mohammed Antar, Isam H. Aljundi, Qusay F. Alsalhy
This study proposes, develops, and evaluates a novel air-assisted direct contact membrane distillation (DCMD) unit incorporating a dual vapor condensation mechanism to enhance productivity and energy efficiency. Unlike previous studies focusing solely on an air bubble injection to improve heat and mass transfer, this research introduces an external bubble column dehumidifier to recover vapor from the air-saturated feed stream, achieving a secondary condensation process. The innovative design mitigates fouling and scaling, improves thermal efficiency, and enhances distillate flux. Experimental results demonstrate an 18% increase in condensate flux, a 7% reduction in specific thermal energy consumption, and a 7% increase in the gained output ratio compared to conventional DCMD systems. The air injection also contributes over 150% to flux improvement by reducing concentration and temperature polarization effects. This advancement establishes a practical and scalable solution for sustainable water desalination under different conditions including feed salinity, feed temperature and flowrate, coolant flowrate and temperature, and air injection flowrate.
{"title":"Performance Investigation of a novel direct contact membrane distillation unit with air bubble injection","authors":"Dahiru U. Lawal, Muaz Abdallah, Wail Falath, Turki Baroud, Ahmad Hussaini Jagaba, Sani I. Abba, Jamilu Usman, Suhaib M. Alawad, Mohammed Antar, Isam H. Aljundi, Qusay F. Alsalhy","doi":"10.1016/j.seppur.2025.131865","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.seppur.2025.131865","url":null,"abstract":"This study proposes, develops, and evaluates a novel air-assisted direct contact membrane distillation (DCMD) unit incorporating a dual vapor condensation mechanism to enhance productivity and energy efficiency. Unlike previous studies focusing solely on an air bubble injection to improve heat and mass transfer, this research introduces an external bubble column dehumidifier to recover vapor from the air-saturated feed stream, achieving a secondary condensation process. The innovative design mitigates fouling and scaling, improves thermal efficiency, and enhances distillate flux. Experimental results demonstrate an 18% increase in condensate flux, a 7% reduction in specific thermal energy consumption, and a 7% increase in the gained output ratio compared to conventional DCMD systems. The air injection also contributes over 150% to flux improvement by reducing concentration and temperature polarization effects. This advancement establishes a practical and scalable solution for sustainable water desalination under different conditions including feed salinity, feed temperature and flowrate, coolant flowrate and temperature, and air injection flowrate.","PeriodicalId":427,"journal":{"name":"Separation and Purification Technology","volume":"60 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":8.6,"publicationDate":"2025-01-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143071994","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
In our work, a novel bentonite-based Co3O4 quantum dots composite (Co3O4QDs/Bent) was synthesized through a simple chemical precipitation and calcination method, and was employed to activate peroxymonosulfate (PMS) for the ciprofloxacin (CIP) degradation. The preparation process of Co3O4QDs/Bent was optimized, and a possible mechanism for its formation was proposed. The characterization results confirmed the in situ growth of Co3O4QDs on the bentonite surface to form Co3O4QDs/Bent catalyst. The formation of Co3O4QDs/Bent catalyst reduced the aggregation of quantum dots, increased the specific surface area, and introduced surface defects, effectively improving the catalytic activity of the catalysts. With the optimum reaction conditions of [PMS] = 3 mmol/L, [Co3O4QDs/Bent] = 0.2 g/L and pH = 6.0, 89.8 % of CIP (40 mg/L) was removed in 40 min. In Co3O4QDs/Bent/PMS system, apart from radicals acting as oxidizing substances for CIP, non-radical 1O2 and Co(IV) could oxidate CIP. DFT calculations and LC-MS characterization were used to propose the main pathways of CIP removal in the Co3O4QDs/Bent/PMS system. In addition, the uniform growth of Co3O4QDs on the bentonite surface resulted in a strong coupling between Co3O4QDs and bentonite, which significantly enhanced the stability and reusability of Co3O4QDs/Bent. This work provides a new perspective for the design of low-cost, efficient and stable bentonite-based Co3O4QDs composite for PMS activation to degrade CIP.
{"title":"Strongly coupled bentonite-based Co3O4 quantum dot composites as efficient peroxymonosulfate activator for ciprofloxacin degradation: Fabrication, application and catalytic mechanism","authors":"Zuodan Fan, Linye Zhang, Wen Wang, Youlian Zhu, Guangtao Wei, Wei Lan","doi":"10.1016/j.seppur.2025.131869","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.seppur.2025.131869","url":null,"abstract":"In our work, a novel bentonite-based Co<sub>3</sub>O<sub>4</sub> quantum dots composite (Co<sub>3</sub>O<sub>4</sub>QDs/Bent) was synthesized through a simple chemical precipitation and calcination method, and was employed to activate peroxymonosulfate (PMS) for the ciprofloxacin (CIP) degradation. The preparation process of Co<sub>3</sub>O<sub>4</sub>QDs/Bent was optimized, and a possible mechanism for its formation was proposed. The characterization results confirmed the in situ growth of Co<sub>3</sub>O<sub>4</sub>QDs on the bentonite surface to form Co<sub>3</sub>O<sub>4</sub>QDs/Bent catalyst. The formation of Co<sub>3</sub>O<sub>4</sub>QDs/Bent catalyst reduced the aggregation of quantum dots, increased the specific surface area, and introduced surface defects, effectively improving the catalytic activity of the catalysts. With the optimum reaction conditions of [PMS] = 3 mmol/L, [Co<sub>3</sub>O<sub>4</sub>QDs/Bent] = 0.2 g/L and pH = 6.0, 89.8 % of CIP (40 mg/L) was removed in 40 min. In Co<sub>3</sub>O<sub>4</sub>QDs/Bent/PMS system, apart from radicals acting as oxidizing substances for CIP, non-radical <sup>1</sup>O<sub>2</sub> and Co(IV) could oxidate CIP. DFT calculations and LC-MS characterization were used to propose the main pathways of CIP removal in the Co<sub>3</sub>O<sub>4</sub>QDs/Bent/PMS system. In addition, the uniform growth of Co<sub>3</sub>O<sub>4</sub>QDs on the bentonite surface resulted in a strong coupling between Co<sub>3</sub>O<sub>4</sub>QDs and bentonite, which significantly enhanced the stability and reusability of Co<sub>3</sub>O<sub>4</sub>QDs/Bent. This work provides a new perspective for the design of low-cost, efficient and stable bentonite-based Co<sub>3</sub>O<sub>4</sub>QDs composite for PMS activation to degrade CIP.","PeriodicalId":427,"journal":{"name":"Separation and Purification Technology","volume":"17 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":8.6,"publicationDate":"2025-01-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143071999","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
In this study, a BiOI/Bi5O7I photocatalyst is synthesized using a co-precipitation method. The degradation efficiency of NO can reach 70 % under visible light. Subsequently, water-based polyurethane is used as the film-forming matrix, and fluorinated silane is used as low surface energy components, a BiOI/Bi5O7I water-based polyurethane photocatalytic superhydrophobic coating (FBIU) is prepared by a layer-by-layer spraying technique. The high catalytic activity of BiOI/Bi5O7I comes from the heterojunction effect of the two semiconductors and the improved interface, which enables the degradation rate of NO to reach 76.9 %, accompanied by extremely low NO2 conversion rate (<1 %). The wettability, chemical stability and mechanical stability of the FBIU coating are studied to investigate its impact on the long-term oxidative degradation performance of NO. And the self-cleaning characteristics and specific micro-nano structure of FBIU improve the wear resistance of the coating, manifested as a contact angle of 157.8° to water after 320 times of sandpaper polishing. Finally, based on the photocatalytic mechanism of BiOI/Bi5O7I semiconductor materials, a green long-term purification and degradation mechanism of NO by coatings is proposed. This can provide some insights into the design of air purification coatings for building exterior walls.
{"title":"Fabrication of PFDTES/BiOI/Bi5O7I/WPU photocatalytic self-cleaning coatings for NO green degradation","authors":"Huiyun Xia, Zeliang Wu, Wenshuo Zhang, Lifang Song, Xu Li, Liying Cui, Yanhui Niu","doi":"10.1016/j.seppur.2025.131889","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.seppur.2025.131889","url":null,"abstract":"In this study, a BiOI/Bi<sub>5</sub>O<sub>7</sub>I photocatalyst is synthesized using a co-precipitation method. The degradation efficiency of NO can reach 70 % under visible light. Subsequently, water-based polyurethane is used as the film-forming matrix, and fluorinated silane is used as low surface energy components, a BiOI/Bi<sub>5</sub>O<sub>7</sub>I water-based polyurethane photocatalytic superhydrophobic coating (FBIU) is prepared by a layer-by-layer spraying technique. The high catalytic activity of BiOI/Bi<sub>5</sub>O<sub>7</sub>I comes from the heterojunction effect of the two semiconductors and the improved interface, which enables the degradation rate of NO to reach 76.9 %, accompanied by extremely low NO<sub>2</sub> conversion rate (<1 %). The wettability, chemical stability and mechanical stability of the FBIU coating are studied to investigate its impact on the long-term oxidative degradation performance of NO. And the self-cleaning characteristics and specific micro-nano structure of FBIU improve the wear resistance of the coating, manifested as a contact angle of 157.8° to water after 320 times of sandpaper polishing. Finally, based on the photocatalytic mechanism of BiOI/Bi<sub>5</sub>O<sub>7</sub>I semiconductor materials, a green long-term purification and degradation mechanism of NO by coatings is proposed. This can provide some insights into the design of air purification coatings for building exterior walls.","PeriodicalId":427,"journal":{"name":"Separation and Purification Technology","volume":"37 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":8.6,"publicationDate":"2025-01-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143072001","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The effective recovery of talc-bearing molybdenum ores has been a research hotspot in the field of minerals processing, which is mainly attributed to the similarity of the physical and chemical properties of talc and molybdenite, especially floatability, which presents a challenge in the separation of the two during the beneficiation process. Herein, the coordination affinity, differentiated adsorption configurations, adsorption morphology, and bonding mechanisms of a polysaccharide-based depressant, carboxymethyl starch (CMS), on the layered hydrophobic minerals molybdenite and talc have been compared and its special use in flotation was investigated by various advanced techniques, including density functional theory (DFT) simulation, time-of-flight secondary ion mass spectrometry (TOF-SIMS) and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). The CMS adsorption on the talc surface was more affinitive than that of molybdenite and it is possible to achieve the selective separation of laminar hydrophobic minerals molybdenite and talc through the utilization of differential wettability. Flotation kinetics with 400 mg/L CMS as a depressant and 3*10−3 mol/L sodium diethyldithiocarbamate (DDTC) as a collector has highlighted the importance of the mineral particle sizes that the better depressant activity of CMS on the coarse-grained talc surface in comparison to that of molybdenite is attributed to the greater adsorption energy and more homogeneous adsorption morphology of CMS on the talc basal surface which is the dominant surface affecting the floatability.
{"title":"Heterogeneous adsorption of carboxymethyl starch on anisotropic molybdenite and talc surfaces and its effect on flotation","authors":"Zechao Huangfu, Wei Sun, Runqing Liu, Chen Chen, Chenyang Zhang, Heng Yu, Siyuan Liu","doi":"10.1016/j.seppur.2025.131849","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.seppur.2025.131849","url":null,"abstract":"The effective recovery of talc-bearing molybdenum ores has been a research hotspot in the field of minerals processing, which is mainly attributed to the similarity of the physical and chemical properties of talc and molybdenite, especially floatability, which presents a challenge in the separation of the two during the beneficiation process. Herein, the coordination affinity, differentiated adsorption configurations, adsorption morphology, and bonding mechanisms of a polysaccharide-based depressant, carboxymethyl starch (CMS), on the layered hydrophobic minerals molybdenite and talc have been compared and its special use in flotation was investigated by various advanced techniques, including density functional theory (DFT) simulation, time-of-flight secondary ion mass spectrometry (TOF-SIMS) and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). The CMS adsorption on the talc surface was more affinitive than that of molybdenite and it is possible to achieve the selective separation of laminar hydrophobic minerals molybdenite and talc through the utilization of differential wettability. Flotation kinetics with 400 mg/L CMS as a depressant and 3*10<sup>−3</sup> mol/L sodium diethyldithiocarbamate (DDTC) as a collector has highlighted the importance of the mineral particle sizes that the better depressant activity of CMS on the coarse-grained talc surface in comparison to that of molybdenite is attributed to the greater adsorption energy and more homogeneous adsorption morphology of CMS on the talc basal surface which is the dominant surface affecting the floatability.","PeriodicalId":427,"journal":{"name":"Separation and Purification Technology","volume":"121 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":8.6,"publicationDate":"2025-01-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143071997","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-01-30DOI: 10.1016/j.seppur.2025.131870
Hongfei Jia, Yangchen Wang, Lizi Yang, Ran Fang
Lithium metal, a pivotal element in modern electric vehicles and electronics, necessitates secure and sustainable supply chains. Extracting lithium from brines presents significant challenges, particularly when dealing with high magnesium-to-lithium ratios, due to the nearly identical ionic radii of lithium and magnesium ions. Herein, we propose an innovative strategy for the selective separation of Li+/Mg2+ by integrating ZIF-8-NH2 into polyamide membranes through the interfacial polymerization (IP) of polyethyleneimine (PEI) and trimesoyl chloride (TMC). The synthesized PEI@ZIF-8-NH2 + TMC membranes exhibit an impressive permeation rate for Li+ of 0.863 mol m-2h−1, alongside a Li+/Mg2+ selectivity ratio of 33.06. The unique pore structure of ZIF-8-NH2 and surface chemistry facilitate efficient Li+/Mg2+ separation, driven by synergistic interactions such as elevated positive surface charges, subnanometer channels, and strong π-π stacking with polyamide layers. These developments are anticipated to augment both the selectivity and durability of MOF-based membranes, providing new directions for research and practical implementations in ion separation technology.
{"title":"Development of an Environmentally Friendly nanofiltration membrane for efficient Lithium-Magnesium separation using ZIF-8-NH2 grafted polyamide","authors":"Hongfei Jia, Yangchen Wang, Lizi Yang, Ran Fang","doi":"10.1016/j.seppur.2025.131870","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.seppur.2025.131870","url":null,"abstract":"Lithium metal, a pivotal element in modern electric vehicles and electronics, necessitates secure and sustainable supply chains. Extracting lithium from brines presents significant challenges, particularly when dealing with high magnesium-to-lithium ratios, due to the nearly identical ionic radii of lithium and magnesium ions. Herein, we propose an innovative strategy for the selective separation of Li<sup>+</sup>/Mg<sup>2+</sup> by integrating ZIF-8-NH<sub>2</sub> into polyamide membranes through the interfacial polymerization (IP) of polyethyleneimine (PEI) and trimesoyl chloride (TMC). The synthesized PEI@ZIF-8-NH<sub>2</sub> + TMC membranes exhibit an impressive permeation rate for Li<sup>+</sup> of 0.863 mol m<sup>-2</sup>h<sup>−1</sup>, alongside a Li<sup>+</sup>/Mg<sup>2+</sup> selectivity ratio of 33.06. The unique pore structure of ZIF-8-NH<sub>2</sub> and surface chemistry facilitate efficient Li<sup>+</sup>/Mg<sup>2+</sup> separation, driven by synergistic interactions such as elevated positive surface charges, subnanometer channels, and strong π-π stacking with polyamide layers. These developments are anticipated to augment both the selectivity and durability of MOF-based membranes, providing new directions for research and practical implementations in ion separation technology.","PeriodicalId":427,"journal":{"name":"Separation and Purification Technology","volume":"56 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":8.6,"publicationDate":"2025-01-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143071998","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-01-30DOI: 10.1016/j.seppur.2025.131874
Nattawan Chorhirankul, Anja E.M. Janssen, Remko M. Boom
Polymeric spiral wound membranes with a nominal molecular weight cut-off (MWCO) between 1000–5000 Da were applied to separate single glutamic acid or lysine. The focus of the study was the influence of charge exclusion on the separation. Three pH values were assessed, at which these amino acids are negatively or positively charged, or electrically neutral. The pH slightly affects the permeate flux but significantly influences the transmission of both amino acids. Adding NaCl reduces this effect on transmission at alkaline conditions due to charge screening. The type of membrane material, polyethersulfone or polyamide, also affects the effect of charge on amino acid transmission. The effects can be explained by the number of charges of the amino acids and small ions (H+, Cl−, Na+, and OH−) interacting with the negatively charged membrane surface. Both amino acids were mixed at different concentration ratios of lysine to glutamic acid at pH 8. The presence of glutamic acid in mixtures strongly decreased the lysine transmission compared to solutions of just lysine. This effect vanished after the addition of NaCl. The charge impact from changing solution pH and salt content on amino acid transmission was reduced with larger nominal MWCO values, corresponding to larger membrane pore sizes.
{"title":"Charge-selective separation of amino acids with ultrafiltration and nanofiltration","authors":"Nattawan Chorhirankul, Anja E.M. Janssen, Remko M. Boom","doi":"10.1016/j.seppur.2025.131874","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.seppur.2025.131874","url":null,"abstract":"Polymeric spiral wound membranes with a nominal molecular weight cut-off (MWCO) between 1000–5000 Da were applied to separate single glutamic acid or lysine. The focus of the study was the influence of charge exclusion on the separation. Three pH values were assessed, at which these amino acids are negatively or positively charged, or electrically neutral. The pH slightly affects the permeate flux but significantly influences the transmission of both amino acids. Adding NaCl reduces this effect on transmission at alkaline conditions due to charge screening. The type of membrane material, polyethersulfone or polyamide, also affects the effect of charge on amino acid transmission. The effects can be explained by the number of charges of the amino acids and small ions (H<sup>+</sup>, Cl<sup>−</sup>, Na<sup>+</sup>, and OH<sup>−</sup>) interacting with the negatively charged membrane surface. Both amino acids were mixed at different concentration ratios of lysine to glutamic acid at pH 8. The presence of glutamic acid in mixtures strongly decreased the lysine transmission compared to solutions of just lysine. This effect vanished after the addition of NaCl. The charge impact from changing solution pH and salt content on amino acid transmission was reduced with larger nominal MWCO values, corresponding to larger membrane pore sizes.","PeriodicalId":427,"journal":{"name":"Separation and Purification Technology","volume":"13 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":8.6,"publicationDate":"2025-01-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143071993","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-01-30DOI: 10.1016/j.seppur.2025.131759
Jia-Wei Zhu, Jian-Chen Han, Qiang Tang, Lin Gu, Qing-Yun Wu
Solar-driven desalination (SDD) is one of the most promising approaches to solving the freshwater shortage. By far, the overlay-structured and underlay-structured solar stills are two kinds of solar stills commonly used to reclaim the fresh water. However, the lack of universal mathematical models and clarity about the quality of various optimization strategies limit the further development of SDD technology. Herein, a mathematical modeling calculation has been applied on the heat and mass transfer process of both the overlay-structured solar still and the underlay-structured solar still. The calculation results reveal that the underlay-structured still has a water productivity 169.68% higher than the overlay-structured still. Moreover, several optimization strategies have been studied and evaluated to provide some reference for those who are engaged in SDD research. Thermal localization treatment and changing the coolant from air to feed solution have the best optimization effect, and the water productivity calculated by corresponding solar still models increases by 444.86% and 45.69% respectively. This work provides powerful models and useful guidance for the design of SDD stills.
{"title":"Modeling and optimization of heat and mass transfer in solar-driven desalination still","authors":"Jia-Wei Zhu, Jian-Chen Han, Qiang Tang, Lin Gu, Qing-Yun Wu","doi":"10.1016/j.seppur.2025.131759","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.seppur.2025.131759","url":null,"abstract":"Solar-driven desalination (SDD) is one of the most promising approaches to solving the freshwater shortage. By far, the overlay-structured and underlay-structured solar stills are two kinds of solar stills commonly used to reclaim the fresh water. However, the lack of universal mathematical models and clarity about the quality of various optimization strategies limit the further development of SDD technology. Herein, a mathematical modeling calculation has been applied on the heat and mass transfer process of both the overlay-structured solar still and the underlay-structured solar still. The calculation results reveal that the underlay-structured still has a water productivity 169.68% higher than the overlay-structured still. Moreover, several optimization strategies have been studied and evaluated to provide some reference for those who are engaged in SDD research. Thermal localization treatment and changing the coolant from air to feed solution have the best optimization effect, and the water productivity calculated by corresponding solar still models increases by 444.86% and 45.69% respectively. This work provides powerful models and useful guidance for the design of SDD stills.","PeriodicalId":427,"journal":{"name":"Separation and Purification Technology","volume":"77 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":8.6,"publicationDate":"2025-01-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143072215","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-01-30DOI: 10.1016/j.seppur.2025.131890
Gonzalo Moral, Alfredo Ortiz, Daniel Gorri, Inmaculada Ortiz
The development of efficient separation technologies to recover hydrogen from industrial waste streams plays an important role to satisfy the increasing demand for hydrogen. In this work, mixed matrix hollow fiber membranes were synthesized by incorporating an inorganic filler (ZIF-8) with molecular sieve properties, into a Matrimid® polymer matrix. The membranes were tested under conditions that reproduce real industrial processes, focusing on H2/CO2 separation. Addition of 5 wt% ZIF-8, whose well distribution along the fiber was confirmed by SEM and EDX analysis, resulted in a significant improvement in H2 permeance (30.5 GPU) compared to pristine Matrimid® (16 GPU) at 30 °C. Moreover, selectivity was improved by 67 % reaching values of 3.3 and 41 for H2/CO2 and H2/bulk compounds at 30 °C. The increase in the separation performance is attributed to the molecular sieve effect of ZIF-8 together with the increase of the free volume due to the inclusion of the filler in the polymer matrix, enhancing H2 flux over the other gases. Moreover, the hollow fiber membranes were tested under varying conditions of pressure, temperature and feed composition, including multicomponent streams that represent real process conditions, confirming promising results helping to scale up mixed matrix hollow fiber membranes.
{"title":"Matrimid®/ZIF-8 hollow fiber mixed matrix membranes for hydrogen recovery from industrial waste streams","authors":"Gonzalo Moral, Alfredo Ortiz, Daniel Gorri, Inmaculada Ortiz","doi":"10.1016/j.seppur.2025.131890","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.seppur.2025.131890","url":null,"abstract":"The development of efficient separation technologies to recover hydrogen from industrial waste streams plays an important role to satisfy the increasing demand for hydrogen. In this work, mixed matrix hollow fiber membranes were synthesized by incorporating an inorganic filler (ZIF-8) with molecular sieve properties, into a Matrimid® polymer matrix. The membranes were tested under conditions that reproduce real industrial processes, focusing on H<sub>2</sub>/CO<sub>2</sub> separation. Addition of 5 wt% ZIF-8, whose well distribution along the fiber was confirmed by SEM and EDX analysis, resulted in a significant improvement in H<sub>2</sub> permeance (30.5 GPU) compared to pristine Matrimid® (16 GPU) at 30 °C. Moreover, selectivity was improved by 67 % reaching values of 3.3 and 41 for H<sub>2</sub>/CO<sub>2</sub> and H<sub>2</sub>/bulk compounds at 30 °C. The increase in the separation performance is attributed to the molecular sieve effect of ZIF-8 together with the increase of the free volume due to the inclusion of the filler in the polymer matrix, enhancing H<sub>2</sub> flux over the other gases. Moreover, the hollow fiber membranes were tested under varying conditions of pressure, temperature and feed composition, including multicomponent streams that represent real process conditions, confirming promising results helping to scale up mixed matrix hollow fiber membranes.","PeriodicalId":427,"journal":{"name":"Separation and Purification Technology","volume":"77 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":8.6,"publicationDate":"2025-01-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143072000","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Introducing persulfate into combined pollution management is crucial for the complete removal of organic pollutants. In this paper, the attapulgite/alkali lignin biochar (ATP/AL) through one-step method to simultaneously adsorb heavy metals and degrade levofloxacin (LEV). The ATP/AL exhibited exceptional removal performance for Cu2+, Cd2+ and Pb2+ with high capacities of 229.90, 472.30 and 492.80 mg/g respectively, while also effectively utilizing the adsorbed Cu2+ for efficient persulfate catalysis. Notably, Cu2+ formed amorphous precipitates on ATP/AL surface acting as an electron donor to generate Cu3+, expediting the activation of PDS. This in turn facilitated persulfate decomposition and significantly increased the removal efficiency of LEV up to 94.92 % within just 5 min. Quenching experiments along with EPR results confirmed that ·OH and 1O2 are the main active species. Furthermore, DFT calculation revealed that the existence of Cu2+ reduced LEV stability and exposed its active sites. The intermediates generated during the degradation process were detected, providing insights into a possible degradation pathway for LEV degradation. Moreover, ATP/AL demonstrated excellent performance in real water treatment applications. This study introduces an innovative approach involving in-situ modification of materials using heavy metals present in combined pollution to realize the simultaneous pollutant removal.
{"title":"In-situ material synthesis technology achieves efficient removal of heavy metal and levofloxacin combined pollution: The key role of amorphous copper species","authors":"Peng Yu, Yuxuan Li, Qin Chen, Zhiyong Cai, Xiang Peng, Hui Liu, Zhiguo Wang, Wei Huang, Chun Zhang","doi":"10.1016/j.seppur.2025.131796","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.seppur.2025.131796","url":null,"abstract":"Introducing persulfate into combined pollution management is crucial for the complete removal of organic pollutants. In this paper, the attapulgite/alkali lignin biochar (ATP/AL) through one-step method to simultaneously adsorb heavy metals and degrade levofloxacin (LEV). The ATP/AL exhibited exceptional removal performance for Cu<ce:sup loc=\"post\">2+</ce:sup>, Cd<ce:sup loc=\"post\">2+</ce:sup> and Pb<ce:sup loc=\"post\">2+</ce:sup> with high capacities of 229.90, 472.30 and 492.80 mg/g respectively, while also effectively utilizing the adsorbed Cu<ce:sup loc=\"post\">2+</ce:sup> for efficient persulfate catalysis. Notably, Cu<ce:sup loc=\"post\">2+</ce:sup> formed amorphous precipitates on ATP/AL surface acting as an electron donor to generate Cu<ce:sup loc=\"post\">3+</ce:sup>, expediting the activation of PDS. This in turn facilitated persulfate decomposition and significantly increased the removal efficiency of LEV up to 94.92 % within just 5 min. Quenching experiments along with EPR results confirmed that ·OH and <ce:sup loc=\"post\">1</ce:sup>O<ce:inf loc=\"post\">2</ce:inf> are the main active species. Furthermore, DFT calculation revealed that the existence of Cu<ce:sup loc=\"post\">2+</ce:sup> reduced LEV stability and exposed its active sites. The intermediates generated during the degradation process were detected, providing insights into a possible degradation pathway for LEV degradation. Moreover, ATP/AL demonstrated excellent performance in real water treatment applications. This study introduces an innovative approach involving in-situ modification of materials using heavy metals present in combined pollution to realize the simultaneous pollutant removal.","PeriodicalId":427,"journal":{"name":"Separation and Purification Technology","volume":"24 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":8.6,"publicationDate":"2025-01-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143071995","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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