Pub Date : 2022-01-02DOI: 10.1080/1755182X.2022.2092221
E. Yehia, Hessa Jamaan M. Alzahrani, D. Reid, M. A. Ali
ABSTRACT Since the early twentieth century, Saudi Arabia has developed from a collection of religiously-inspired tribal conquests into a modern nation-state. Religious tourism–the centuries-old Islamic pilgrimage to Mecca (the Hajj)–is a central pillar of its identity. Taking the postage stamps of Saudi Arabia as a case study, this article shows how the country’s austere Wahhabi interpretation of Sunni Islam gradually evolved to embrace the use of pictorial images on postage stamps to define and promote national identity, religious tourism, and even of late, non-religious tourism. The Holy Kaaba and the mosques of Mecca and Medina, palm trees and camels, royal portraits, airplanes and oil rigs, wildlife, pre-Islamic antiquities, folklife, and women have all been among the categories of images enlisted to achieve these ends.
{"title":"Tourism, national identity, and the images on postage stamps: the case of Saudi Arabia","authors":"E. Yehia, Hessa Jamaan M. Alzahrani, D. Reid, M. A. Ali","doi":"10.1080/1755182X.2022.2092221","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/1755182X.2022.2092221","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT Since the early twentieth century, Saudi Arabia has developed from a collection of religiously-inspired tribal conquests into a modern nation-state. Religious tourism–the centuries-old Islamic pilgrimage to Mecca (the Hajj)–is a central pillar of its identity. Taking the postage stamps of Saudi Arabia as a case study, this article shows how the country’s austere Wahhabi interpretation of Sunni Islam gradually evolved to embrace the use of pictorial images on postage stamps to define and promote national identity, religious tourism, and even of late, non-religious tourism. The Holy Kaaba and the mosques of Mecca and Medina, palm trees and camels, royal portraits, airplanes and oil rigs, wildlife, pre-Islamic antiquities, folklife, and women have all been among the categories of images enlisted to achieve these ends.","PeriodicalId":42854,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Tourism History","volume":"14 1","pages":"70 - 102"},"PeriodicalIF":0.2,"publicationDate":"2022-01-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47859810","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-09-02DOI: 10.1080/1755182X.2022.2048493
Neil J. S. Rennie
{"title":"Australian travellers in the South Seas","authors":"Neil J. S. Rennie","doi":"10.1080/1755182X.2022.2048493","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/1755182X.2022.2048493","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":42854,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Tourism History","volume":"13 1","pages":"313 - 314"},"PeriodicalIF":0.2,"publicationDate":"2021-09-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49209320","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-09-02DOI: 10.1080/1755182X.2022.2048494
Igor Tchoukarine
{"title":"A History of the World Tourism Organization","authors":"Igor Tchoukarine","doi":"10.1080/1755182X.2022.2048494","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/1755182X.2022.2048494","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":42854,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Tourism History","volume":"13 1","pages":"316 - 318"},"PeriodicalIF":0.2,"publicationDate":"2021-09-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44722410","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-09-02DOI: 10.1080/1755182X.2021.2012532
Almahdi Alrawadieh, Zaid Alrawadieh
ABSTRACT This study traces the Ottoman caravansaries (guesthouses) which were built as charitable endowments between Bilād Al-S̲hām (the Levant) and Istanbul during the Ottoman Empire. The study draws on Arabic travels, both printed and non-printed, from the sixteenth century and afterward, to understand travels’ experiences, impressions, and perceptions of these caravansaries. The study shows that towns and villages located on the route between Bilād Al-S̲hām and Istanbul were home to several caravansaries. It also appears that these caravansaries contributed to the emergence of residential communities which, over time, developed and turned into large cities. There is also evidence that Ottoman caravansaries were viewed as an economic opportunity for local inhabitants who used to sell food and other local products to travels and pilgrims. The study also draws on travels’ accounts to determine the length of stay and construct a general portrait of how the stay experience in these caravansaries were perceived. The study makes an important contribution to the history of travel and lodging facilities in the Ottoman Empire.
{"title":"Tracing the Ottoman caravansaries along the road between Bilād Al-S̲hām and Istanbul","authors":"Almahdi Alrawadieh, Zaid Alrawadieh","doi":"10.1080/1755182X.2021.2012532","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/1755182X.2021.2012532","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT This study traces the Ottoman caravansaries (guesthouses) which were built as charitable endowments between Bilād Al-S̲hām (the Levant) and Istanbul during the Ottoman Empire. The study draws on Arabic travels, both printed and non-printed, from the sixteenth century and afterward, to understand travels’ experiences, impressions, and perceptions of these caravansaries. The study shows that towns and villages located on the route between Bilād Al-S̲hām and Istanbul were home to several caravansaries. It also appears that these caravansaries contributed to the emergence of residential communities which, over time, developed and turned into large cities. There is also evidence that Ottoman caravansaries were viewed as an economic opportunity for local inhabitants who used to sell food and other local products to travels and pilgrims. The study also draws on travels’ accounts to determine the length of stay and construct a general portrait of how the stay experience in these caravansaries were perceived. The study makes an important contribution to the history of travel and lodging facilities in the Ottoman Empire.","PeriodicalId":42854,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Tourism History","volume":"13 1","pages":"229 - 248"},"PeriodicalIF":0.2,"publicationDate":"2021-09-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41774658","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-09-02DOI: 10.1080/1755182x.2021.2003444
E. Yehia
ABSTRACT This paper discusses the role of King Fuad I (r. 1917–1936) role in promoting tourism in Egypt during his reign. Fuad felt that Egypt’s unique geography and history made it an ideal tourist destination even before he ascended to the throne. He promoted tourism in Egypt during his reign by establishing national tourism associations, hosting international conferences, and taking foreign dignitaries on trips to Egypt’s most famous archaeological sites. This paper also discusses and reflects upon Fuad’s organisation of an international competition to promote tourism in Egypt, which is understudied in the literature despite its importance for the history and development of Egyptian tourism. This paper contributes to the literature by examining previously unpublished archival sources and setting a timeline for the Egyptian state’s deep interest in promoting the country as a tourist attraction.
{"title":"Promotion of tourism in Egypt during the reign of King Fuad I","authors":"E. Yehia","doi":"10.1080/1755182x.2021.2003444","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/1755182x.2021.2003444","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT This paper discusses the role of King Fuad I (r. 1917–1936) role in promoting tourism in Egypt during his reign. Fuad felt that Egypt’s unique geography and history made it an ideal tourist destination even before he ascended to the throne. He promoted tourism in Egypt during his reign by establishing national tourism associations, hosting international conferences, and taking foreign dignitaries on trips to Egypt’s most famous archaeological sites. This paper also discusses and reflects upon Fuad’s organisation of an international competition to promote tourism in Egypt, which is understudied in the literature despite its importance for the history and development of Egyptian tourism. This paper contributes to the literature by examining previously unpublished archival sources and setting a timeline for the Egyptian state’s deep interest in promoting the country as a tourist attraction.","PeriodicalId":42854,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Tourism History","volume":"13 1","pages":"275 - 289"},"PeriodicalIF":0.2,"publicationDate":"2021-09-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48521826","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-09-02DOI: 10.1080/1755182X.2022.2048492
A. Langer
and Safroni-Middleton were Englishmen, who were born and died in England, where they wrote their travel books. Both men spent time in Australia, but their non-Australian nationalities are evident from the useful biographical Appendix Halter provides, which reveals that, beneath their Australian disguise, many of Halter’s travelling white men and women were actually English, or Scots or Irish, or simply of ‘unknown background’. That is the real historical circumstance of Pacific travellers, of course, but it does somewhat undercut Halter’s pursuit of the authentically and distinctively Australian perspective on the South Seas. Halter is more a cultural-historian than a literary-historian, although he is perforce and dutifully both, and his chapters survey and document many depictions of the islanders and their white visitors. As he demonstrates, Australian religious, commercial and political concerns shaped the Australian national relationship with the islands. The Australian steamship and trading company Burns Philp opened many island shops. The Australian missions (Anglican, Presbyterian and even Catholic) added their (competing) strengths to the English, Scots and French evangelical forces. Meanwhile, the tourism competition took shape between the rival Edenic islands. ‘Tahiti is special’, according to an advertisement. ‘The Tahitians make sure it will always be so. They want their island to be truly Polynesian. They won’t worry if Tahiti gets less tourists than Hawaii. They will reserve Tahiti for the connoisseurs who will enjoy their wide sandy beaches ...with a special possessive pleasure. Discover Tahiti!’ Tahiti not Hawaii, that is. An accompanying photograph of a garlanded, grass-skirted, dancing island girl illustrates the ‘special possessive pleasure’ that awaits the tourists who will follow the eighteenth and nineteenthcentury travellers – and ‘discover’ Tahiti. The wide range of travellers and the variety of writings Halter has surveyed provide ample and credible evidence of the historical and cultural concerns of the Australian nation as it formed its own national identity while criss-crossing the South Sea islands. His Australian Travellers in the South Seas does succeed in demarcating a distinctively Australian relation to the Pacific Islands, although not all his travellers – some of them Anglo-Australian, some cosmopolitan men and women of the world – were actually Australian. They were international in their backgrounds as well as in their voyaging. His travel writers were also readers, of course, and they read internationally – the writings of American Melville and Scottish Stevenson, for example, who had already seen and imagined those factual and fictional islands.
{"title":"Italia e Spagna nel turismo del secondo dopoguerra: società, politiche, istituzioni ed economia","authors":"A. Langer","doi":"10.1080/1755182X.2022.2048492","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/1755182X.2022.2048492","url":null,"abstract":"and Safroni-Middleton were Englishmen, who were born and died in England, where they wrote their travel books. Both men spent time in Australia, but their non-Australian nationalities are evident from the useful biographical Appendix Halter provides, which reveals that, beneath their Australian disguise, many of Halter’s travelling white men and women were actually English, or Scots or Irish, or simply of ‘unknown background’. That is the real historical circumstance of Pacific travellers, of course, but it does somewhat undercut Halter’s pursuit of the authentically and distinctively Australian perspective on the South Seas. Halter is more a cultural-historian than a literary-historian, although he is perforce and dutifully both, and his chapters survey and document many depictions of the islanders and their white visitors. As he demonstrates, Australian religious, commercial and political concerns shaped the Australian national relationship with the islands. The Australian steamship and trading company Burns Philp opened many island shops. The Australian missions (Anglican, Presbyterian and even Catholic) added their (competing) strengths to the English, Scots and French evangelical forces. Meanwhile, the tourism competition took shape between the rival Edenic islands. ‘Tahiti is special’, according to an advertisement. ‘The Tahitians make sure it will always be so. They want their island to be truly Polynesian. They won’t worry if Tahiti gets less tourists than Hawaii. They will reserve Tahiti for the connoisseurs who will enjoy their wide sandy beaches ...with a special possessive pleasure. Discover Tahiti!’ Tahiti not Hawaii, that is. An accompanying photograph of a garlanded, grass-skirted, dancing island girl illustrates the ‘special possessive pleasure’ that awaits the tourists who will follow the eighteenth and nineteenthcentury travellers – and ‘discover’ Tahiti. The wide range of travellers and the variety of writings Halter has surveyed provide ample and credible evidence of the historical and cultural concerns of the Australian nation as it formed its own national identity while criss-crossing the South Sea islands. His Australian Travellers in the South Seas does succeed in demarcating a distinctively Australian relation to the Pacific Islands, although not all his travellers – some of them Anglo-Australian, some cosmopolitan men and women of the world – were actually Australian. They were international in their backgrounds as well as in their voyaging. His travel writers were also readers, of course, and they read internationally – the writings of American Melville and Scottish Stevenson, for example, who had already seen and imagined those factual and fictional islands.","PeriodicalId":42854,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Tourism History","volume":"13 1","pages":"314 - 316"},"PeriodicalIF":0.2,"publicationDate":"2021-09-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48219463","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-09-02DOI: 10.1080/1755182x.2022.2075606
Bertram M. Gordon
{"title":"Introduction to the Journal of Tourism History – 13/3","authors":"Bertram M. Gordon","doi":"10.1080/1755182x.2022.2075606","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/1755182x.2022.2075606","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":42854,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Tourism History","volume":"13 1","pages":"225 - 228"},"PeriodicalIF":0.2,"publicationDate":"2021-09-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45560676","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-09-02DOI: 10.1080/1755182X.2021.1999510
K. Stibral, Veronika Faktorová
ABSTRACT This article examines the aesthetic motivation behind the inception of tourism in the mountains. Aesthetic motives played a key role in the development of tourism in the Alps, which in the eighteenth century became a new, ideal type of landscape and a popular destination for artists and scientists, and later for tourists too. What form did this phenomenon take in a different geographical and cultural context? What were its dynamics and specific features? The article traces these motives by analysing texts on the Giant Mountains (Riesengebirge, Krkonoše, Karkonosze), which became a favourite destination for tourists from the German states and the Austrian Empire. At the time these mountains were compared with the Alps, and this article aims to analyse the parallels and differences between the aesthetic appreciation of the Alps and of the Giant Mountains. Together with scientific interest, aesthetic concerns also played an important role in the inception of tourism here. We can see a reflection of contemporary theories of the Sublime and the Picturesque, as well as the ascent of romanticism. The article works with sources from the turn of the eighteenth and nineteenth centuries, supplementing them with a summary of subsequent developments in the twentieth century.
{"title":"The Giant Mountains – as beautiful as the Alps. The origins of the aesthetic discovery of mountains in the Central European context","authors":"K. Stibral, Veronika Faktorová","doi":"10.1080/1755182X.2021.1999510","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/1755182X.2021.1999510","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT This article examines the aesthetic motivation behind the inception of tourism in the mountains. Aesthetic motives played a key role in the development of tourism in the Alps, which in the eighteenth century became a new, ideal type of landscape and a popular destination for artists and scientists, and later for tourists too. What form did this phenomenon take in a different geographical and cultural context? What were its dynamics and specific features? The article traces these motives by analysing texts on the Giant Mountains (Riesengebirge, Krkonoše, Karkonosze), which became a favourite destination for tourists from the German states and the Austrian Empire. At the time these mountains were compared with the Alps, and this article aims to analyse the parallels and differences between the aesthetic appreciation of the Alps and of the Giant Mountains. Together with scientific interest, aesthetic concerns also played an important role in the inception of tourism here. We can see a reflection of contemporary theories of the Sublime and the Picturesque, as well as the ascent of romanticism. The article works with sources from the turn of the eighteenth and nineteenth centuries, supplementing them with a summary of subsequent developments in the twentieth century.","PeriodicalId":42854,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Tourism History","volume":"13 1","pages":"249 - 274"},"PeriodicalIF":0.2,"publicationDate":"2021-09-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41445618","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-09-02DOI: 10.1080/1755182X.2022.2048490
Josef Djordjevski
{"title":"The Lure of the Beach: A Global History","authors":"Josef Djordjevski","doi":"10.1080/1755182X.2022.2048490","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/1755182X.2022.2048490","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":42854,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Tourism History","volume":"13 1","pages":"311 - 312"},"PeriodicalIF":0.2,"publicationDate":"2021-09-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46521525","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-09-02DOI: 10.1080/1755182X.2021.2008024
Matthew L. Mcdowell
ABSTRACT This article examines 1985's Isle of Man Year of Sport, an attempt by political leadership in the British crown dependency to host and create a series of sporting events which would serve as a platform to help reverse the dramatic decline of UK and Irish holidaymakers. To Manx parliamentarians and policymakers, sport provided a logical starting point for attracting tourists due to the island’s association with the Isle of Man Tourist Trophy (TT) motorcycle road races, even though holding a Commonwealth Games in the island – a desired option – was considered unfeasible. The Isle of Man Government was additionally pursuing a strategy of themed ‘years’ to provide events to stimulate tourism. The Year of Sport’s events included the Commonwealth Table Tennis Championships, the Isle of Man Special Olympics, and academic conferences. Its longest lasting contribution to sport, however, has been the first Island Games (known here as the Inter-Island Games), held every two years since (with the exception of 2021) in small-island polities/‘nations’ on the Atlantic Rim. The Year of Sport was reflective of both small-island politics and of an emerging (if debatable) consensus in tourism and sport management circles about the tourism legacies, inclusive of soft power, of sporting events.
{"title":"‘Come alive in ’85’: the Isle of Man Year of Sport, the first Island Games, and the shifting sands of sport event tourism","authors":"Matthew L. Mcdowell","doi":"10.1080/1755182X.2021.2008024","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/1755182X.2021.2008024","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT This article examines 1985's Isle of Man Year of Sport, an attempt by political leadership in the British crown dependency to host and create a series of sporting events which would serve as a platform to help reverse the dramatic decline of UK and Irish holidaymakers. To Manx parliamentarians and policymakers, sport provided a logical starting point for attracting tourists due to the island’s association with the Isle of Man Tourist Trophy (TT) motorcycle road races, even though holding a Commonwealth Games in the island – a desired option – was considered unfeasible. The Isle of Man Government was additionally pursuing a strategy of themed ‘years’ to provide events to stimulate tourism. The Year of Sport’s events included the Commonwealth Table Tennis Championships, the Isle of Man Special Olympics, and academic conferences. Its longest lasting contribution to sport, however, has been the first Island Games (known here as the Inter-Island Games), held every two years since (with the exception of 2021) in small-island polities/‘nations’ on the Atlantic Rim. The Year of Sport was reflective of both small-island politics and of an emerging (if debatable) consensus in tourism and sport management circles about the tourism legacies, inclusive of soft power, of sporting events.","PeriodicalId":42854,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Tourism History","volume":"13 1","pages":"290 - 310"},"PeriodicalIF":0.2,"publicationDate":"2021-09-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45188418","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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