Pub Date : 2023-04-01DOI: 10.15688/jvolsu4.2023.2.3
Y. Kiyashko
Introduction. This paper presents preliminary results of the first archaeological survey of the objects of the archaeological heritage “Petrov Val” and “Selimov Val of 1550.” The main purpose of the event has become the clarification of existing information regarding to the features of creation and operation of difficult hydraulic engineering structures such as “Selimov Val of 1550” or Johann Brekkel’s canal and “Petrov Val” or rather, the canal, which was built under the leadership of John Perry at the turn of the 17th – 18th centuries. Methods and materials. During the research, the attempt to discover the cultural layer of the 18th century was made using the help of archeological methods. Analysis. In the process of visual inspection of these objects, their significant damage was observed, which was inflicted during human economic activity. During the archeological exploration, open test pits were made to identify the cultural layer in the most promising places. While studying the site “Petrov Val”, the test pit was made on the territory located near the Ilovlya riverbed. During the survey of the object “Selimov Val of 1550”, one pit was made near the Cossack artillery battery, which can be dated to the beginning of the 18th century, the second was made in the place where, a small old working settlement of the builders of the Brekkel’s canal was located, according to the map from the atlas of Kruise (1704). Unfortunately, archaeological material was not found during the excavations. Results. During the visual inspection of the site “Selimov Val of 1550”, its beginning from the Ilovlya River and its continuation up to the settlement of Petrov Val, which had not been considered for forming the boundaries of this object before, were localized. According to the results of archaeological work, it has become clear that the name “Selimov Val of 1550” is wrong, because the surviving remains of this hydraulic engineering structure fully correspond to the description of the canal, which was laid by workers under the leadership of Johann Brekkel in the late 17th century.
介绍。本文介绍了对考古遗产“彼得罗夫山谷”和“1550年塞利莫夫山谷”的对象进行的第一次考古调查的初步结果。该活动的主要目的是澄清现有的信息，关于困难的水利工程结构的创建和操作的特征，如“1550年的塞利莫夫河”或约翰·布雷克尔的运河和“彼得罗夫河”，或者更确切地说，是在17 - 18世纪初约翰·佩里的领导下建造的运河。方法和材料。在研究过程中，利用考古学的方法，试图发现18世纪的文化层。分析。在对这些物品进行目视检查的过程中，发现了它们在人类经济活动中造成的重大损害。在考古勘探过程中，为了确定最有希望的地方的文化层，人们挖了露天试验坑。在研究“Petrov Val”遗址时，测试坑位于Ilovlya河床附近。在对“Selimov Val of 1550”进行调查时，一个坑是在哥萨克炮台附近挖的，可以追溯到18世纪初，根据克鲁斯地图集(1704)的地图，第二个坑是在布雷克尔运河建造者的一个小的旧工作定居点所在的地方挖的。不幸的是，在挖掘过程中没有发现考古材料。结果。在对“Selimov Val of 1550”遗址的目视检查中，它从Ilovlya河开始，一直延伸到Petrov Val定居点，这在以前没有被认为是形成这个物体的边界，现在被定位了。根据考古工作的结果，很明显，“1550年的塞利莫夫谷”这个名字是错误的，因为这个水利工程结构的幸存遗迹完全符合对运河的描述，这条运河是在17世纪后期由约翰·布雷克尔领导的工人铺设的。
{"title":"Archaeological Research of Sites of the Peter the Great Era in Volgograd Region","authors":"Y. Kiyashko","doi":"10.15688/jvolsu4.2023.2.3","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15688/jvolsu4.2023.2.3","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction. This paper presents preliminary results of the first archaeological survey of the objects of the archaeological heritage “Petrov Val” and “Selimov Val of 1550.” The main purpose of the event has become the clarification of existing information regarding to the features of creation and operation of difficult hydraulic engineering structures such as “Selimov Val of 1550” or Johann Brekkel’s canal and “Petrov Val” or rather, the canal, which was built under the leadership of John Perry at the turn of the 17th – 18th centuries. Methods and materials. During the research, the attempt to discover the cultural layer of the 18th century was made using the help of archeological methods. Analysis. In the process of visual inspection of these objects, their significant damage was observed, which was inflicted during human economic activity. During the archeological exploration, open test pits were made to identify the cultural layer in the most promising places. While studying the site “Petrov Val”, the test pit was made on the territory located near the Ilovlya riverbed. During the survey of the object “Selimov Val of 1550”, one pit was made near the Cossack artillery battery, which can be dated to the beginning of the 18th century, the second was made in the place where, a small old working settlement of the builders of the Brekkel’s canal was located, according to the map from the atlas of Kruise (1704). Unfortunately, archaeological material was not found during the excavations. Results. During the visual inspection of the site “Selimov Val of 1550”, its beginning from the Ilovlya River and its continuation up to the settlement of Petrov Val, which had not been considered for forming the boundaries of this object before, were localized. According to the results of archaeological work, it has become clear that the name “Selimov Val of 1550” is wrong, because the surviving remains of this hydraulic engineering structure fully correspond to the description of the canal, which was laid by workers under the leadership of Johann Brekkel in the late 17th century.","PeriodicalId":42917,"journal":{"name":"Volgogradskii Gosudarstvennyi Universitet-Vestnik-Seriya 4-Istoriya Regionovedenie Mezhdunarodnye Otnosheniya","volume":"10 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.1,"publicationDate":"2023-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"88613833","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-04-01DOI: 10.15688/jvolsu4.2023.2.6
I. Hushchynski
Introducion. The purpose of this study is to reveal the main aspects of the advocacy institution functioning in the Belarusian-Lithuanian provinces in 1772–1840. The investigation will make it possible to eliminate appropriate gaps in historiography and provide to take a broader view on the judicial and legal system of the Russian Empire at the time at all. Methods and Materials. The study is based on fundamental theoretical and methodological principles: historicism, objectivity, systemic and value approaches. Analysis. After the territory of the Grand Duchy of Lithuania had become part of the Russian Empire, local regulations in civil proceedings were preserved here. In this regard, lawyers took part in civil trials. This was a distinctive feature of the local judicial system in comparison with the general imperial one. The institution of advocacy was abolished in Belarusian-Lithuanian provinces together with implementation of the Russian model of the judiciary and proceedings here (in 1831 – in Vitebsk and Mogilev provinces, in 1840 – in the Minsk, Grodno and Wilno provinces). Results. The activity of lawyers was regulated by the norms of the Statute of the Grand Duchy of Lithuania of 1588, the orders of the Seimas of the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth, also by several laws which were issued by the Russian government. The legal profession in the Belarusian-Lithuanian provinces was quite highly paid and prestigious in public perception. Though the Russian authorities’ opinion on the advocacy was generally negative.
{"title":"The Institution of Advocacy in the Belarusian-Lithuanian Provinces of the Russian Empire (1772–1840)","authors":"I. Hushchynski","doi":"10.15688/jvolsu4.2023.2.6","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15688/jvolsu4.2023.2.6","url":null,"abstract":"Introducion. The purpose of this study is to reveal the main aspects of the advocacy institution functioning in the Belarusian-Lithuanian provinces in 1772–1840. The investigation will make it possible to eliminate appropriate gaps in historiography and provide to take a broader view on the judicial and legal system of the Russian Empire at the time at all. Methods and Materials. The study is based on fundamental theoretical and methodological principles: historicism, objectivity, systemic and value approaches. Analysis. After the territory of the Grand Duchy of Lithuania had become part of the Russian Empire, local regulations in civil proceedings were preserved here. In this regard, lawyers took part in civil trials. This was a distinctive feature of the local judicial system in comparison with the general imperial one. The institution of advocacy was abolished in Belarusian-Lithuanian provinces together with implementation of the Russian model of the judiciary and proceedings here (in 1831 – in Vitebsk and Mogilev provinces, in 1840 – in the Minsk, Grodno and Wilno provinces). Results. The activity of lawyers was regulated by the norms of the Statute of the Grand Duchy of Lithuania of 1588, the orders of the Seimas of the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth, also by several laws which were issued by the Russian government. The legal profession in the Belarusian-Lithuanian provinces was quite highly paid and prestigious in public perception. Though the Russian authorities’ opinion on the advocacy was generally negative.","PeriodicalId":42917,"journal":{"name":"Volgogradskii Gosudarstvennyi Universitet-Vestnik-Seriya 4-Istoriya Regionovedenie Mezhdunarodnye Otnosheniya","volume":"64 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.1,"publicationDate":"2023-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"82329965","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-04-01DOI: 10.15688/jvolsu4.2023.2.16
V. Smirnova
Introduction. The article is devoted to the problems of testing the live poliomyelitis vaccine that took place in the 1950s in the USSR. The problems of the trials have again become topical because of the pandemic of the novel coronavirus. Methods and materials. Using narrative and historical-comparative methods to analyze materials from the archives of the USSR Ministry of Health Care and the digitized archive of the American virologist A. Sabin, the author of the article looked into some problems related to the trials of the live polio vaccine. Analysis. As a result of the analysis of historical sources, the following problems of trials were found out: high risks of mass use of the live vaccine; lack of agreement between scientists and medical officials on the possibility and necessity of testing; difficulties in relations between an organizer of the tests (M. Chumakov) and some officials from the Ministry of Health Care of the RSFSR; the problems in Soviet-American relations which affected the scientific cooperation; difficult relations between the Soviet organizers of the tests (M. Chumakov and A. Smorodintsev); troubles that arose in relations between A. Sabin and A. Smorodintsev in connection with the politicization of the vaccination issue; ethical challenges of human trials. Results. The USSR took huge risks during the mass trials of the live polio vaccine, which was Soviet science and population significant contribution to the world fight against poliomyelitis. Mass trials took place in the USSR during the Cold War, which, however, did not become an obstacle to scientific cooperation between the USSR and the USA in this sphere. The success of the polio vaccine trials was used by the Soviet state to increase its prestige. At some points, representatives of the Soviet state and media even “forgot” that the vaccine was developed in American virology laboratories, calling Soviet organizers of vaccine trials its developers. Ethical norms of experiments on humans in the 1950–1960s were just being formed, so some of them could be called violations by modern standards. However, the success of the tests closed the question of those violations.
{"title":"Trial Risks, Scientific Competition and Politicization: The Thorny Way of Live Vaccine Against Poliomyelitis in the USSR in 1950–1960s","authors":"V. Smirnova","doi":"10.15688/jvolsu4.2023.2.16","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15688/jvolsu4.2023.2.16","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction. The article is devoted to the problems of testing the live poliomyelitis vaccine that took place in the 1950s in the USSR. The problems of the trials have again become topical because of the pandemic of the novel coronavirus. Methods and materials. Using narrative and historical-comparative methods to analyze materials from the archives of the USSR Ministry of Health Care and the digitized archive of the American virologist A. Sabin, the author of the article looked into some problems related to the trials of the live polio vaccine. Analysis. As a result of the analysis of historical sources, the following problems of trials were found out: high risks of mass use of the live vaccine; lack of agreement between scientists and medical officials on the possibility and necessity of testing; difficulties in relations between an organizer of the tests (M. Chumakov) and some officials from the Ministry of Health Care of the RSFSR; the problems in Soviet-American relations which affected the scientific cooperation; difficult relations between the Soviet organizers of the tests (M. Chumakov and A. Smorodintsev); troubles that arose in relations between A. Sabin and A. Smorodintsev in connection with the politicization of the vaccination issue; ethical challenges of human trials. Results. The USSR took huge risks during the mass trials of the live polio vaccine, which was Soviet science and population significant contribution to the world fight against poliomyelitis. Mass trials took place in the USSR during the Cold War, which, however, did not become an obstacle to scientific cooperation between the USSR and the USA in this sphere. The success of the polio vaccine trials was used by the Soviet state to increase its prestige. At some points, representatives of the Soviet state and media even “forgot” that the vaccine was developed in American virology laboratories, calling Soviet organizers of vaccine trials its developers. Ethical norms of experiments on humans in the 1950–1960s were just being formed, so some of them could be called violations by modern standards. However, the success of the tests closed the question of those violations.","PeriodicalId":42917,"journal":{"name":"Volgogradskii Gosudarstvennyi Universitet-Vestnik-Seriya 4-Istoriya Regionovedenie Mezhdunarodnye Otnosheniya","volume":"18 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.1,"publicationDate":"2023-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"82628135","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-04-01DOI: 10.15688/jvolsu4.2023.2.12
A. Truong
Introduction. The purpose of this study is to reproduce precisely and accurately the process of conquering the faith of various social strata in Vietnam by analyzing the missionary methods of evangelization applied by Jesuit missionaries operating in Vietnam in the 17th and 18th centuries. Methods and materials. The author used the original historical materials recorded by Western missionaries working in Vietnam during the 17th and 18th centuries and research works by Vietnamese and international scholars related directly or indirectly to the missionary methods of Jesuits in Vietnam of the 17th and 18th centuries. The author combines the historical and genetic method with other research methods (systemic approach, analysis, synthesis, comparison, etc.). Analysis. In the 17th and 18th centuries, to conquer the faith of the people in Tonkin and Cochinchina (Vietnam), Jesuit missionaries adopted several measures such as establishing relationships and attracting the upper classes to the Christianity, “missionary academic”, “missionary bibliography”, disputes and religious conversion of the leaders of indigenous denominations, etc. These measures have been more or less effective and allow Jesuit missionaries to introduce and develop the Christianity in Vietnam during this period. Results. The research results presented in the article will contribute to the study of the history of Christianity and missionary activities of the Jesuits in Vietnam in the 17th and 18th centuries.
{"title":"Methods of Missionary Activity of the Jesuits in Vietnam in the 17th and 18th Centuries","authors":"A. Truong","doi":"10.15688/jvolsu4.2023.2.12","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15688/jvolsu4.2023.2.12","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction. The purpose of this study is to reproduce precisely and accurately the process of conquering the faith of various social strata in Vietnam by analyzing the missionary methods of evangelization applied by Jesuit missionaries operating in Vietnam in the 17th and 18th centuries. Methods and materials. The author used the original historical materials recorded by Western missionaries working in Vietnam during the 17th and 18th centuries and research works by Vietnamese and international scholars related directly or indirectly to the missionary methods of Jesuits in Vietnam of the 17th and 18th centuries. The author combines the historical and genetic method with other research methods (systemic approach, analysis, synthesis, comparison, etc.). Analysis. In the 17th and 18th centuries, to conquer the faith of the people in Tonkin and Cochinchina (Vietnam), Jesuit missionaries adopted several measures such as establishing relationships and attracting the upper classes to the Christianity, “missionary academic”, “missionary bibliography”, disputes and religious conversion of the leaders of indigenous denominations, etc. These measures have been more or less effective and allow Jesuit missionaries to introduce and develop the Christianity in Vietnam during this period. Results. The research results presented in the article will contribute to the study of the history of Christianity and missionary activities of the Jesuits in Vietnam in the 17th and 18th centuries.","PeriodicalId":42917,"journal":{"name":"Volgogradskii Gosudarstvennyi Universitet-Vestnik-Seriya 4-Istoriya Regionovedenie Mezhdunarodnye Otnosheniya","volume":"316 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.1,"publicationDate":"2023-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"86088606","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-04-01DOI: 10.15688/jvolsu4.2023.2.2
T. Bazarova
Introduction. The Peace of Adrianople (June 13, 1713) ended the Russian-Turkish war of 1710– 1713. The Prut (1711) and Constantinople (1712) treaties signed by the Russian ambassadors were not ratified by the Turkish side. In Adrianople, there were also problems related to the confirmation of the treaty. Methods and materials. The source base was formed by documents stored in the Russian State Archive of Ancient Acts (F. 89 “Relations between Russia and Turkey”), as well as in the Scientific and Historical Archive of the Saint Petersburg Institute of History of RAS (F. 83 “Field Chancellery of Alexander D. Menshikov”). A comprehensive study of archival and published materials, a comparison of the information contained in them made it possible to formulate and analyze the main problems associated with the signing and ratification of the peace treaty. Analysis. The basis of the Adrianople peace, which the ambassadors extraordinary and plenipotentiary P. Shafirov and M. Sheremetev concluded with the Sublime Porte, was the provisions of the Peace Treaty of Constantinople (April 5, 1712). The additions made by the Ottoman ministers related to the Polish and Crimean problems did not meet the interests of Peter I. The wording “on the Crimean payment” was the result of a long diplomatic struggle and left the problem open. On June 22, 1713, Russian ambassadors and Ottoman ministers exchanged by the texts of the treaty. The countdown of the delivery time (90 days) of the confirmation of the peace agreement by Peter I began on June 13. The demand to send an ambassador with the ratification is also connected with the intention of the Sublime Porte to continue negotiations on Crimean payments. Results. The Russian ambassadors managed to prevent the revision of the agreement confirmed by the tsar. The Sublime Porte was no less interested than Russia in ending the war. The provisions of the Adrianople peace reflected the interests of the Ottoman government, which refused to support by force the demands of the Crimean Khan.
{"title":"“And the Time Now is Not Different, but Still the Present ...”: The Problem of the Ratification of the Adrianople Peace Treaty (1713)","authors":"T. Bazarova","doi":"10.15688/jvolsu4.2023.2.2","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15688/jvolsu4.2023.2.2","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction. The Peace of Adrianople (June 13, 1713) ended the Russian-Turkish war of 1710– 1713. The Prut (1711) and Constantinople (1712) treaties signed by the Russian ambassadors were not ratified by the Turkish side. In Adrianople, there were also problems related to the confirmation of the treaty. Methods and materials. The source base was formed by documents stored in the Russian State Archive of Ancient Acts (F. 89 “Relations between Russia and Turkey”), as well as in the Scientific and Historical Archive of the Saint Petersburg Institute of History of RAS (F. 83 “Field Chancellery of Alexander D. Menshikov”). A comprehensive study of archival and published materials, a comparison of the information contained in them made it possible to formulate and analyze the main problems associated with the signing and ratification of the peace treaty. Analysis. The basis of the Adrianople peace, which the ambassadors extraordinary and plenipotentiary P. Shafirov and M. Sheremetev concluded with the Sublime Porte, was the provisions of the Peace Treaty of Constantinople (April 5, 1712). The additions made by the Ottoman ministers related to the Polish and Crimean problems did not meet the interests of Peter I. The wording “on the Crimean payment” was the result of a long diplomatic struggle and left the problem open. On June 22, 1713, Russian ambassadors and Ottoman ministers exchanged by the texts of the treaty. The countdown of the delivery time (90 days) of the confirmation of the peace agreement by Peter I began on June 13. The demand to send an ambassador with the ratification is also connected with the intention of the Sublime Porte to continue negotiations on Crimean payments. Results. The Russian ambassadors managed to prevent the revision of the agreement confirmed by the tsar. The Sublime Porte was no less interested than Russia in ending the war. The provisions of the Adrianople peace reflected the interests of the Ottoman government, which refused to support by force the demands of the Crimean Khan.","PeriodicalId":42917,"journal":{"name":"Volgogradskii Gosudarstvennyi Universitet-Vestnik-Seriya 4-Istoriya Regionovedenie Mezhdunarodnye Otnosheniya","volume":"61 5 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.1,"publicationDate":"2023-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"85052632","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-04-01DOI: 10.15688/jvolsu4.2023.2.11
A. Belyakov
Introduction. It is not always possible to trace the fate of certain museum exhibits from documents. Methods and materials. This work examines the history of movement in various collections of a gold ring with the seal of the second wife of Tsar Ivan IV, Maria Temryukovna. Analysis. After the tsarina’s death, it was deposited in the Pokrovsky Suzdal monastery for the memorial of her soul. For two centuries this monastery served as a place where former tsarist wives and representatives of the highest Moscow aristocracy were tonsured. Over time, it concentrated a significant collection of women’s jewelry, which came here in the form of gifts. Therefore, when in Russia in the 19th century museums devoted to national history and culture began to actively develop, interest in this collection appeared. In 1845, the ring, along with other items, was purchased with the personal money of Emperor Nicholas I for the Armory. However, it soon found itself in the State Ancient Storage, where the most important ancient documents on the history of Russia were concentrated, as well as a collection of state and personal seals. Subsequently, the ring, as part of the collection of the Ancient Storage, ended up in the Rumyantsev Museum. Ultimately, it ended up in the State Historical Museum. It is now in the State Historical Museum. However, their whereabouts are currently unknown. Results. The work analyzes all discovered references to these items. In the future, perhaps, this will help to identify them among the anonymous monuments from museum collections. Key words: Maria Temryukovna, Ivan IV, royal gifts, Pokrovsky Suzdal Monastery, State Ancient Storage.
介绍。从文件中追溯某些博物馆展品的命运并不总是可能的。方法和材料。这项工作考察了运动的历史在各种收藏的金戒指与沙皇伊凡四世的第二任妻子，玛丽亚Temryukovna的印章。分析。沙皇死后，它被存放在波克罗夫斯基苏兹达尔修道院，作为对她灵魂的纪念。两个世纪以来，这座修道院一直是前沙皇夫人和莫斯科最高贵族代表剃头的地方。随着时间的推移，它集中了大量的女性珠宝，这些珠宝以礼物的形式来到这里。因此，当19世纪俄罗斯致力于国家历史和文化的博物馆开始积极发展时，人们对这一收藏产生了兴趣。1845年，这枚戒指和其他物品被皇帝尼古拉一世用私人资金购买给军械库。然而，它很快就发现自己在国家古代仓库，在那里集中了最重要的古代文件关于俄罗斯的历史，以及国家和个人印章的集合。随后，这枚戒指作为古代仓库的一部分，最终被存放在鲁缅采夫博物馆。最终，它被送到了国家历史博物馆。它现在在国家历史博物馆。然而，他们目前下落不明。结果。这项工作分析了所有发现的对这些项目的引用。将来，也许，这将有助于从博物馆收藏的无名纪念碑中识别它们。关键词:Maria Temryukovna, Ivan IV，皇室礼物，Pokrovsky Suzdal修道院，国家古物库
{"title":"Gifts to the Pokrovsky Monastery in Suzdal (In the Footsteps of a Ring of Maria Temryukovna)","authors":"A. Belyakov","doi":"10.15688/jvolsu4.2023.2.11","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15688/jvolsu4.2023.2.11","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction. It is not always possible to trace the fate of certain museum exhibits from documents. Methods and materials. This work examines the history of movement in various collections of a gold ring with the seal of the second wife of Tsar Ivan IV, Maria Temryukovna. Analysis. After the tsarina’s death, it was deposited in the Pokrovsky Suzdal monastery for the memorial of her soul. For two centuries this monastery served as a place where former tsarist wives and representatives of the highest Moscow aristocracy were tonsured. Over time, it concentrated a significant collection of women’s jewelry, which came here in the form of gifts. Therefore, when in Russia in the 19th century museums devoted to national history and culture began to actively develop, interest in this collection appeared. In 1845, the ring, along with other items, was purchased with the personal money of Emperor Nicholas I for the Armory. However, it soon found itself in the State Ancient Storage, where the most important ancient documents on the history of Russia were concentrated, as well as a collection of state and personal seals. Subsequently, the ring, as part of the collection of the Ancient Storage, ended up in the Rumyantsev Museum. Ultimately, it ended up in the State Historical Museum. It is now in the State Historical Museum. However, their whereabouts are currently unknown. Results. The work analyzes all discovered references to these items. In the future, perhaps, this will help to identify them among the anonymous monuments from museum collections. Key words: Maria Temryukovna, Ivan IV, royal gifts, Pokrovsky Suzdal Monastery, State Ancient Storage.","PeriodicalId":42917,"journal":{"name":"Volgogradskii Gosudarstvennyi Universitet-Vestnik-Seriya 4-Istoriya Regionovedenie Mezhdunarodnye Otnosheniya","volume":"16 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.1,"publicationDate":"2023-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"80160581","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-04-01DOI: 10.15688/jvolsu4.2023.2.1
D. Lyapin
Introduction. In 1635, construction began on the Belgorod line, a large-scale military-defensive complex on the southern borders of Russia. This construction was completed in 1658. The Belgorod line played an important role in history, made possible to start the process of full-fledged economic development of a vast fertile region, and had a beneficial effect on population growth and the development of the local market. Erecting the line was a difficult task; it took much effort in this process. It is important for us to understand the events before construction. Methods. The author of the article focuses on the history of the organization of the defense of the South of Russia according to the data of the “Brown List of Servicemen” (1625). This interesting archival source is almost unknown in the scientific world. The list reflects not only the organization of border defense, but also the social composition of the population. As a result, it is concluded that maintaining the combat capability of the southern borders was possible only under conditions of permanent deployment of large regiments in the area of the Oka River. Results. The organization of this service required much money and effort, but at the same time the fertile southern region could not fully develop. Farming was impossible. Tatars often attacked. As soon as the weakening of the local garrisons began in 1630, the Crimean authorities sent huge troops to the Russian borderlands. The outbreak of the “Big War” forced Moscow to reconsider the organization of the defense and move to a systematic military-defensive construction. This was the background of the Belgorod line.
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Pub Date : 2023-04-01DOI: 10.15688/jvolsu4.2023.2.10
O. Redkinа, T. Nazarova
Introduction. The relevance of the research topic is due to the weak elaboration in the works of modern historians of the problem of participation in civil service in the Russian Empire at the beginning of the twentieth century of representatives of non-Orthodox Christian denominations (Mennonites and Molokans). Methods and materials. The article presents correspondence of the Main Directorate of Posts and Telegraphs of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of the Russian Empire on the issue of admission to the postal and telegraph service of Molokans and Mennonites in 1909–1914. This set of documents reflects the practical implementation of the principle of freedom of conscience in the Russian Empire during the period of gradual abandonment of civil rights and freedoms declared in the course of the Revolution of 1905. The documents also record the transformations that took place in the worldview of Mennonites and Molokans. The research uses historical-comparative, problem-chronological methods, methods of archeography and historical source studies. Analysis. The purpose of the article was to identify the attitude of state bodies to the admission to the civil service (on the example of the postal and telegraph department) of candidates from among sectarians (Mennonites and Molokans) after the revolution of 1905–1907. An active liberal reform of the Russian religious legislation there was in 1905–1912. However, the religious factor continued playing a role in entering the civil service. The documents reflect the negative attitude towards the admission of sectarians (primarily Molokans) to the civil service of the Holy Synod of the Russian Orthodox Church and the Department for Foreign Confessions of the Ministry of Internal Affairs. They focused on the anti-state tenets of the Molokan creed. The management of the Main Directorate of Posts and Telegraphs in 1914 decided to ban Molokans from taking positions in the postal and telegraph department. It is noted that in the Mennonite ethnoconfession, a revision of the attitude to family and marriage, to the role of women, to civil service begins. Molokans at the beginning of the twentieth century also rejected some tenets of faith, in particular, pacifism and denial of the state oath. Authors’ contribution. O.Yu. Redkina identified and prepared archival documents for publication, conducted a historical source and archeographic description. T.P. Nazarova considered the transformation in the worldview of Mennonites and Molokans at the beginning of the twentieth century, their attitude to civil service, to the position of women in the family and society.
{"title":"Christian Sectarians in the Civil Service in 1909–1914: On the Issue of the Admission of Mennonites and Molokans to the Postal and Telegraph Service","authors":"O. Redkinа, T. Nazarova","doi":"10.15688/jvolsu4.2023.2.10","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15688/jvolsu4.2023.2.10","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction. The relevance of the research topic is due to the weak elaboration in the works of modern historians of the problem of participation in civil service in the Russian Empire at the beginning of the twentieth century of representatives of non-Orthodox Christian denominations (Mennonites and Molokans). Methods and materials. The article presents correspondence of the Main Directorate of Posts and Telegraphs of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of the Russian Empire on the issue of admission to the postal and telegraph service of Molokans and Mennonites in 1909–1914. This set of documents reflects the practical implementation of the principle of freedom of conscience in the Russian Empire during the period of gradual abandonment of civil rights and freedoms declared in the course of the Revolution of 1905. The documents also record the transformations that took place in the worldview of Mennonites and Molokans. The research uses historical-comparative, problem-chronological methods, methods of archeography and historical source studies. Analysis. The purpose of the article was to identify the attitude of state bodies to the admission to the civil service (on the example of the postal and telegraph department) of candidates from among sectarians (Mennonites and Molokans) after the revolution of 1905–1907. An active liberal reform of the Russian religious legislation there was in 1905–1912. However, the religious factor continued playing a role in entering the civil service. The documents reflect the negative attitude towards the admission of sectarians (primarily Molokans) to the civil service of the Holy Synod of the Russian Orthodox Church and the Department for Foreign Confessions of the Ministry of Internal Affairs. They focused on the anti-state tenets of the Molokan creed. The management of the Main Directorate of Posts and Telegraphs in 1914 decided to ban Molokans from taking positions in the postal and telegraph department. It is noted that in the Mennonite ethnoconfession, a revision of the attitude to family and marriage, to the role of women, to civil service begins. Molokans at the beginning of the twentieth century also rejected some tenets of faith, in particular, pacifism and denial of the state oath. Authors’ contribution. O.Yu. Redkina identified and prepared archival documents for publication, conducted a historical source and archeographic description. T.P. Nazarova considered the transformation in the worldview of Mennonites and Molokans at the beginning of the twentieth century, their attitude to civil service, to the position of women in the family and society.","PeriodicalId":42917,"journal":{"name":"Volgogradskii Gosudarstvennyi Universitet-Vestnik-Seriya 4-Istoriya Regionovedenie Mezhdunarodnye Otnosheniya","volume":"29 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.1,"publicationDate":"2023-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"82441214","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-04-01DOI: 10.15688/jvolsu4.2023.2.13
V. Yakunin
Introduction. The article examines the activities of non-Orthodox religious organizations of 1989– 1998 in the city of Togliatti before and after the adoption in 1990 of the USSR Law “On Freedom of Conscience and Religious Organizations” and the RSFSR Law “On Freedom of Religion.” The regulation of religious activity by the state, according to these laws, was not provided for, the authorities ceased to interfere in the affairs of religious organizations, which received full independence in resolving internal church issues, and citizens could freely register religious societies. Religious organizations, new to Togliatti, inevitably took advantage of this. Methods and materials. The work used materials from the state, municipal, diocesan archives, and the author’s personal archive: reports of officials, both secular and ecclesiastical, on the religious situation in the Samara region and the city of Togliatti, memoirs of the leaders of religious organizations, periodicals. Analysis. If in 1989 there were 2 registered religious organizations in Togliatti and 2 more carried out their activities illegally, then in 1997 there were already 34 of them. They very actively positioned themselves; some were registered under the guise of public organizations. Almost all religious organizations used youth houses, palaces of culture, cinemas, and libraries, assembly halls of colleges and schools for prayer meetings and Sunday schools. Results. Religious organizations attracted residents of Togliatti with a system of mutual assistance in their structures. Representatives of some traditional and new religious organizations formed in Togliatti in the 90s of the 20th century were engaged in charitable activities. Mostly, they were attended by those who saw the church not only as a doctrinal institution, but also as a social one. Despite the relatively small number, they showed activity, which alarmed the representatives of both the ROC and Islam.
{"title":"Religious Organizations in Togliatti (1989–1998)","authors":"V. Yakunin","doi":"10.15688/jvolsu4.2023.2.13","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15688/jvolsu4.2023.2.13","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction. The article examines the activities of non-Orthodox religious organizations of 1989– 1998 in the city of Togliatti before and after the adoption in 1990 of the USSR Law “On Freedom of Conscience and Religious Organizations” and the RSFSR Law “On Freedom of Religion.” The regulation of religious activity by the state, according to these laws, was not provided for, the authorities ceased to interfere in the affairs of religious organizations, which received full independence in resolving internal church issues, and citizens could freely register religious societies. Religious organizations, new to Togliatti, inevitably took advantage of this. Methods and materials. The work used materials from the state, municipal, diocesan archives, and the author’s personal archive: reports of officials, both secular and ecclesiastical, on the religious situation in the Samara region and the city of Togliatti, memoirs of the leaders of religious organizations, periodicals. Analysis. If in 1989 there were 2 registered religious organizations in Togliatti and 2 more carried out their activities illegally, then in 1997 there were already 34 of them. They very actively positioned themselves; some were registered under the guise of public organizations. Almost all religious organizations used youth houses, palaces of culture, cinemas, and libraries, assembly halls of colleges and schools for prayer meetings and Sunday schools. Results. Religious organizations attracted residents of Togliatti with a system of mutual assistance in their structures. Representatives of some traditional and new religious organizations formed in Togliatti in the 90s of the 20th century were engaged in charitable activities. Mostly, they were attended by those who saw the church not only as a doctrinal institution, but also as a social one. Despite the relatively small number, they showed activity, which alarmed the representatives of both the ROC and Islam.","PeriodicalId":42917,"journal":{"name":"Volgogradskii Gosudarstvennyi Universitet-Vestnik-Seriya 4-Istoriya Regionovedenie Mezhdunarodnye Otnosheniya","volume":"8 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.1,"publicationDate":"2023-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"78602611","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-04-01DOI: 10.15688/jvolsu4.2023.2.15
I. Tyumentsev
Introduction. The subject of the study is the activity of the Stalingrad Institute for the preparation of collective photographs (“vignettes”) of the heroes of the revolution of 1917 and the defense of Tsaritsyn in 1918. Methods. The methods of source studies, archeography, analysis and prosopography were used. Observations and conclusions. In 1932, the Stalingrad “five”, the Tsaritsyn (Stalingrad) Historical and Party Commissions direct successor, as the Lower Volga Region Historical and Party Commission division, prepared lists for the placement of participants in the revolutionary events and the defense of Tsaritsyn in 1917–1918 on a collective photograph (“vignette”) for the City Defense Museum. The place in the photo depended on the activity and the merits of the veteran of the events of those years. The direct executor was the deputy manager of the Lower Volga Archive Department, secretary of the “five” T.M. Seregin. Being a veteran of the revolutionary movement, the archivist was able to recall and include in the list many of his comrades-in-arms with a mention of their positions and duties. This list contains the names and surnames of 99 real leaders of the revolutionary movement in Tsaritsyn. The disgraced by that time S.K. Minin and his associates are placed here. Moreover, I.V. Stalin is mentioned under No. 24. Then the list underwent thorough editorial work and was reduced to 34, and then to 31 people. In this version, I.V. Stalin appeared in the first place, and then his closest associates were mentioned. S.M. Minin and some members of his team disappeared from the list. Prosopographic analysis shows that the submitted project was unimplemented, since the Tsaritsyn revolutionaries mentioned in the list, including T.M. Seregin, disappeared during the era of the Great Terror. The lists are of great interest to researchers, as they allow them to bring back from oblivion real active participants in the Revolutionary Events and the Defense of Tsaritsyn in 1917–1918.
{"title":"Heroes of the Revolution and Defense of Tsaritsyn in 1917–1918 According to the Stalingrad Istpart","authors":"I. Tyumentsev","doi":"10.15688/jvolsu4.2023.2.15","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15688/jvolsu4.2023.2.15","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction. The subject of the study is the activity of the Stalingrad Institute for the preparation of collective photographs (“vignettes”) of the heroes of the revolution of 1917 and the defense of Tsaritsyn in 1918. Methods. The methods of source studies, archeography, analysis and prosopography were used. Observations and conclusions. In 1932, the Stalingrad “five”, the Tsaritsyn (Stalingrad) Historical and Party Commissions direct successor, as the Lower Volga Region Historical and Party Commission division, prepared lists for the placement of participants in the revolutionary events and the defense of Tsaritsyn in 1917–1918 on a collective photograph (“vignette”) for the City Defense Museum. The place in the photo depended on the activity and the merits of the veteran of the events of those years. The direct executor was the deputy manager of the Lower Volga Archive Department, secretary of the “five” T.M. Seregin. Being a veteran of the revolutionary movement, the archivist was able to recall and include in the list many of his comrades-in-arms with a mention of their positions and duties. This list contains the names and surnames of 99 real leaders of the revolutionary movement in Tsaritsyn. The disgraced by that time S.K. Minin and his associates are placed here. Moreover, I.V. Stalin is mentioned under No. 24. Then the list underwent thorough editorial work and was reduced to 34, and then to 31 people. In this version, I.V. Stalin appeared in the first place, and then his closest associates were mentioned. S.M. Minin and some members of his team disappeared from the list. Prosopographic analysis shows that the submitted project was unimplemented, since the Tsaritsyn revolutionaries mentioned in the list, including T.M. Seregin, disappeared during the era of the Great Terror. The lists are of great interest to researchers, as they allow them to bring back from oblivion real active participants in the Revolutionary Events and the Defense of Tsaritsyn in 1917–1918.","PeriodicalId":42917,"journal":{"name":"Volgogradskii Gosudarstvennyi Universitet-Vestnik-Seriya 4-Istoriya Regionovedenie Mezhdunarodnye Otnosheniya","volume":"259 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.1,"publicationDate":"2023-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"77117267","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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