The wild fruits are freely available as a source of food. The phytochemicals available in such fruits can be used to cure different health problems of human beings naturally. This study was carried out from July 2020 to August 2021 in different places, particularly in less populated areas like Ward No. 19, 21, 22, 23, 28, 29, 30, 31, 32 and 33 of Pokhara Metropolitan City in Kaski District, Nepal. The data were collected, using a verbal questionnaire in which the respondents were locals and traditional healers. The study was conducted almost in a rural condition, but there was still a good vegetation in its core town areas. People of these areas consume wild fruits mostly as a source of nutrition, vitamins and minerals, but they take them as raw food and know less about their medicinal values. Some wild fruits like Berberis aristata (Chutro), Citrus limon (Jyamir), Cassia fistula (Rajbrikshya), Mangifera indica (Anmp), Punica granatum (Anar), Sapindus mukorossi (Rittha), Tamarindus indica (Imili) and Ziziphus jujuba (Bayar) show their tremendous medicinal values to cure various health problems. Similarly, there are other well-known fruits like Aegle marmelos (Bel), Emblica officinalis (Amala), Piper longum (Pipla), Solanum nigram (Jangali bihi), Terminalia bellerica (Barro) and T. chebula (Harro), which can be used for herbal medicines. The results revealed that 41 species of plants belonging to 24 families have been used as the wild fruits with ethno-medicinal values. Such families are Anacardiaceae, Berberidaceae, Bignoniaceae, Caesalpinaceae, Combretaceae, Elaeagnaceae, Elaeocarpaceae, Euphorbiaceae, Juglandaceae, Lauraceae, Moraceae, Myricaceae, Myrsinaceae, Myrtaceae, Papillionaceae, Piperaceae, Punicaceae, Rhamnaceae, Rosaceae, Rutaceae, Sapindaceae, Solanaceae, Trapaceae and Vitaceae. This study is the first report to show the ethno-medicinal uses of wild edible fruits in Pokhara valley, Nepal.
{"title":"Ethno-Medicinal Uses of Wild Edible Fruits in Pokhara Valley, Nepal","authors":"Om Prasad Dwa","doi":"10.3126/paj.v5i1.45038","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3126/paj.v5i1.45038","url":null,"abstract":"The wild fruits are freely available as a source of food. The phytochemicals available in such fruits can be used to cure different health problems of human beings naturally. This study was carried out from July 2020 to August 2021 in different places, particularly in less populated areas like Ward No. 19, 21, 22, 23, 28, 29, 30, 31, 32 and 33 of Pokhara Metropolitan City in Kaski District, Nepal. The data were collected, using a verbal questionnaire in which the respondents were locals and traditional healers. The study was conducted almost in a rural condition, but there was still a good vegetation in its core town areas. People of these areas consume wild fruits mostly as a source of nutrition, vitamins and minerals, but they take them as raw food and know less about their medicinal values. Some wild fruits like Berberis aristata (Chutro), Citrus limon (Jyamir), Cassia fistula (Rajbrikshya), Mangifera indica (Anmp), Punica granatum (Anar), Sapindus mukorossi (Rittha), Tamarindus indica (Imili) and Ziziphus jujuba (Bayar) show their tremendous medicinal values to cure various health problems. Similarly, there are other well-known fruits like Aegle marmelos (Bel), Emblica officinalis (Amala), Piper longum (Pipla), Solanum nigram (Jangali bihi), Terminalia bellerica (Barro) and T. chebula (Harro), which can be used for herbal medicines. The results revealed that 41 species of plants belonging to 24 families have been used as the wild fruits with ethno-medicinal values. Such families are Anacardiaceae, Berberidaceae, Bignoniaceae, Caesalpinaceae, Combretaceae, Elaeagnaceae, Elaeocarpaceae, Euphorbiaceae, Juglandaceae, Lauraceae, Moraceae, Myricaceae, Myrsinaceae, Myrtaceae, Papillionaceae, Piperaceae, Punicaceae, Rhamnaceae, Rosaceae, Rutaceae, Sapindaceae, Solanaceae, Trapaceae and Vitaceae. This study is the first report to show the ethno-medicinal uses of wild edible fruits in Pokhara valley, Nepal.","PeriodicalId":429477,"journal":{"name":"Prithvi Academic Journal","volume":"37 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-05-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130135748","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
There is a different level of preference on the forest products such as timber, fuel wood, tree fodder/grass, non-timber forest products and leaf litter. Different people have different usage of forest products. In this context, this study has tried to analyze the differential in utilization of forest products among the users of community forest. For this purpose, the data were collected from 165 households out of 280 users' of Dangsimaryan community forest of Kaski district, using the structured questionnaire following the interview techniques. The multistage sampling technique was used to select the samples for the data collection. The data were collected from the members of the community forest. Pre-test was carried out before finalizing the questionnaire. A verbal informed consent was obtained from each participant. The Kruskal Wallis test was used to test the difference on the utilization of forest products among the respondents from different economic backgrounds. People prefer timber and fuelwood more than other forest products, so tree species is more meaningful to them. It is found that there is a significant difference on the preference of fuel wood, tree fodder/ grass and leaf litter among different economic classes of the respondents.
{"title":"Differential in Utilization of Forest Products among the Users of Community Forest in Kaski District","authors":"A. R. Dhungana, Bishwa Prakash Bhattarai","doi":"10.3126/paj.v5i1.45039","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3126/paj.v5i1.45039","url":null,"abstract":"There is a different level of preference on the forest products such as timber, fuel wood, tree fodder/grass, non-timber forest products and leaf litter. Different people have different usage of forest products. In this context, this study has tried to analyze the differential in utilization of forest products among the users of community forest. For this purpose, the data were collected from 165 households out of 280 users' of Dangsimaryan community forest of Kaski district, using the structured questionnaire following the interview techniques. The multistage sampling technique was used to select the samples for the data collection. The data were collected from the members of the community forest. Pre-test was carried out before finalizing the questionnaire. A verbal informed consent was obtained from each participant. The Kruskal Wallis test was used to test the difference on the utilization of forest products among the respondents from different economic backgrounds. People prefer timber and fuelwood more than other forest products, so tree species is more meaningful to them. It is found that there is a significant difference on the preference of fuel wood, tree fodder/ grass and leaf litter among different economic classes of the respondents.","PeriodicalId":429477,"journal":{"name":"Prithvi Academic Journal","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-05-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128846948","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Health and physical education helps a person to promote health status and prevent him or her from diseases in life. National Education System Plan (2071) recommended health and physical education as an obligatory subject in the schools’ curriculum, but at present it is an optional subject at the secondary level. In this context, this study aims to explore the students’ perception towards motivational and de-motivational factors of health and physical education for teacher education. To accomplish the objectives of the study, phenomenological research design under qualitative inquiry was applied. The data were collected through unstructured interview with the B.Ed. students of the constituent campuses under the public university. The informants were selected purposively. Decreasing of students in health and physical education for teacher education was the problem of this study. The results showed that the main motivational and de-motivational factors regarding health and physical education are: existing curriculum, teachers' competencies, pedagogies applied in teaching-learning activities, availability of infrastructure facilities, employability after completion of the study, public recognition and evaluation practices. This implies that students, teachers and policymakers should work together to reform the subject's sustainability and recognition.
{"title":"Students’ Perceptions towards Motivational and De-motivational Factors for Health and Physical Education","authors":"Yadav Adhikari","doi":"10.3126/paj.v5i1.45046","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3126/paj.v5i1.45046","url":null,"abstract":"Health and physical education helps a person to promote health status and prevent him or her from diseases in life. National Education System Plan (2071) recommended health and physical education as an obligatory subject in the schools’ curriculum, but at present it is an optional subject at the secondary level. In this context, this study aims to explore the students’ perception towards motivational and de-motivational factors of health and physical education for teacher education. To accomplish the objectives of the study, phenomenological research design under qualitative inquiry was applied. The data were collected through unstructured interview with the B.Ed. students of the constituent campuses under the public university. The informants were selected purposively. Decreasing of students in health and physical education for teacher education was the problem of this study. The results showed that the main motivational and de-motivational factors regarding health and physical education are: existing curriculum, teachers' competencies, pedagogies applied in teaching-learning activities, availability of infrastructure facilities, employability after completion of the study, public recognition and evaluation practices. This implies that students, teachers and policymakers should work together to reform the subject's sustainability and recognition.","PeriodicalId":429477,"journal":{"name":"Prithvi Academic Journal","volume":"56 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-05-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128336264","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
This paper aims to explore the impact of agricultural self-sufficiency that can ensure a sustainable economic development in Nepal. To meet this objective, the paper has adopted the descriptive-analytical research method. The required data for this study have been taken from the secondary sources, mainly journal articles. During the study period from FY2016/17 to FY2018/19, the production in cereal crops has been increasing slowly, but the yield is found improving from 2.79 to 3.10 M.T./hector and in the case of cash crops, the productivity is found to be the highest during the study period. It has increased from 12.77 to 13.04 M.T./hector. Nepal is enriched with agro-diversity and the economy has ample resources for the production of all food grains. If there is no efficiency in agricultural production, the economy should import food grains to supply needy people. So, it is important to be self-sufficient economy in agricultural food grains and to drive economic growth by increasing production and productivity.
{"title":"Agricultural Self-Sufficiency: Ensuring Sustainable Economic Development in Nepal","authors":"Yadav Prasad Sharma Gaudel","doi":"10.3126/paj.v5i1.45052","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3126/paj.v5i1.45052","url":null,"abstract":"This paper aims to explore the impact of agricultural self-sufficiency that can ensure a sustainable economic development in Nepal. To meet this objective, the paper has adopted the descriptive-analytical research method. The required data for this study have been taken from the secondary sources, mainly journal articles. During the study period from FY2016/17 to FY2018/19, the production in cereal crops has been increasing slowly, but the yield is found improving from 2.79 to 3.10 M.T./hector and in the case of cash crops, the productivity is found to be the highest during the study period. It has increased from 12.77 to 13.04 M.T./hector. Nepal is enriched with agro-diversity and the economy has ample resources for the production of all food grains. If there is no efficiency in agricultural production, the economy should import food grains to supply needy people. So, it is important to be self-sufficient economy in agricultural food grains and to drive economic growth by increasing production and productivity.","PeriodicalId":429477,"journal":{"name":"Prithvi Academic Journal","volume":"35 4","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-05-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"120911069","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Homi K. Bhabha proposes the interstitial space of cultural encounter in which the colonizer and the colonized negotiate, producing hybridity in culture. This type of culture subverts colonial domination by deconstructing essentialist identity and binary opposition of the colonizer and colonized or the East and the West. In this case, his in-between third space resists colonial oppression largely depending on the analysis of colonial discourse and cultural identity formation of the colonized people. However, lack of concern to the political and economic exploitation of the colonizers and the material condition of unequal access to resources and opportunities make his third space a cultural project that helps for mental and psychological liberation only. Today, the First World countries and the former colonizers manipulate a negotiation in the intercultural and international third space created by World Trade Organization (WTO) and Social Media Networks (SMNs) in their favour. Thus, the main objective of this article is to review his notion of third space in relation to its limitations in resisting colonial and neocolonial domination that is caused by the exclusion of the material condition and human relationship.
Homi K. Bhabha提出了文化相遇的间隙空间，殖民者和被殖民者在其中进行协商，产生文化的混杂性。这种文化通过解构殖民者与被殖民者、东方与西方的本质主义认同和二元对立来颠覆殖民统治。在这种情况下，他的中间第三空间反抗殖民压迫，很大程度上依赖于对殖民话语的分析和被殖民人民的文化认同形成。然而，由于缺乏对殖民者政治和经济剥削的关注，以及对资源和机会不平等的物质条件的关注，他的第三空间只是一个有助于精神和心理解放的文化项目。今天，第一世界国家和前殖民者在世界贸易组织(WTO)和社交媒体网络(SMNs)创造的跨文化和国际第三空间中操纵谈判，使其对自己有利。因此，本文的主要目的是回顾他的第三空间概念，以及它在抵抗殖民主义和新殖民主义统治方面的局限性，这种局限性是由物质条件和人际关系的排除造成的。
{"title":"Homi K. Bhabha's Third Space Theory and Cultural Identity Today: A Critical Review","authors":"N. Bhandari","doi":"10.3126/paj.v5i1.45049","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3126/paj.v5i1.45049","url":null,"abstract":"Homi K. Bhabha proposes the interstitial space of cultural encounter in which the colonizer and the colonized negotiate, producing hybridity in culture. This type of culture subverts colonial domination by deconstructing essentialist identity and binary opposition of the colonizer and colonized or the East and the West. In this case, his in-between third space resists colonial oppression largely depending on the analysis of colonial discourse and cultural identity formation of the colonized people. However, lack of concern to the political and economic exploitation of the colonizers and the material condition of unequal access to resources and opportunities make his third space a cultural project that helps for mental and psychological liberation only. Today, the First World countries and the former colonizers manipulate a negotiation in the intercultural and international third space created by World Trade Organization (WTO) and Social Media Networks (SMNs) in their favour. Thus, the main objective of this article is to review his notion of third space in relation to its limitations in resisting colonial and neocolonial domination that is caused by the exclusion of the material condition and human relationship.","PeriodicalId":429477,"journal":{"name":"Prithvi Academic Journal","volume":"6 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-05-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"132222254","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Geopolitical and strategic compulsions have posed critical challenges to the national security of Nepal. To safeguard its sovereignty, independence, indivisibility, and international credibility, the slogan of ‘nation first’ must be adopted in the country. We need to strengthen nationalism by reinforcing economic, political, social, cultural, moral, and psychological facets. To repair the damages, we need to devise a process carefully wherein the state actors and non-state actors from formal and informal sectors have a joint coordinated action plan to develop the entire nation as a whole. This research will analyze such socio-political, behavioral, and economic variables, which will assist in finding the gaps in the current system leading to the formulation of an appropriate conceptual approach to strengthening national security strategies. This study applies the qualitative research design and aims to explore the political dynamics in Nepal with an interpretative approach. To substantiate the claims, the researcher uses primary and secondary data from multiple sources. The essence of the subject matter provides a wider domain for future researchers to explore more about this area of study.
{"title":"A Holistic Approach to National Security Strategy in Nepal: Challenges and Prospects","authors":"Arjun Basnet","doi":"10.3126/paj.v5i1.45051","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3126/paj.v5i1.45051","url":null,"abstract":"Geopolitical and strategic compulsions have posed critical challenges to the national security of Nepal. To safeguard its sovereignty, independence, indivisibility, and international credibility, the slogan of ‘nation first’ must be adopted in the country. We need to strengthen nationalism by reinforcing economic, political, social, cultural, moral, and psychological facets. To repair the damages, we need to devise a process carefully wherein the state actors and non-state actors from formal and informal sectors have a joint coordinated action plan to develop the entire nation as a whole. This research will analyze such socio-political, behavioral, and economic variables, which will assist in finding the gaps in the current system leading to the formulation of an appropriate conceptual approach to strengthening national security strategies. This study applies the qualitative research design and aims to explore the political dynamics in Nepal with an interpretative approach. To substantiate the claims, the researcher uses primary and secondary data from multiple sources. The essence of the subject matter provides a wider domain for future researchers to explore more about this area of study.","PeriodicalId":429477,"journal":{"name":"Prithvi Academic Journal","volume":"39 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-05-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116960457","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
This article aims to observe the various aspects shaping commercial bank profitability in Nepal. As determining factors, bank related and external macroeconomic variables that influence bank profitability were taken into account. A set of balanced panel data containing 13 Nepali commercial banks for 12-year period (2009-2020) with 156 observations was employed for analysis. Descriptive statistics and Pearson's correlation analysis were employed to measure the status and explore the relationship between independent and dependent variables under study. The study findings were drawn using fixed-effect panel regressions. The study revealed that loan to deposit, known as credit-deposit ratio, has a significant positive impact on the return on assets and net interest margin of commercial banks. The growth of economic activities of the nation measured by gross domestic product growth, significantly influence profits. It implies that the increase in the nation's economic activities leads to escalate the size of loans and advances and eventually earnings of the banks. However, non-performing assets weakly influence the return on assets, but it has a significant negative effect on the equity return. These outcomes proposed that commercial bank profitability can be increased by extending the degree of loan and advance relative to deposit and economic activities of the nation, and decreasing non-performing assets.
{"title":"Factors Determining Profitability of Commercial Banks: Evidence from Nepali Banking Sector","authors":"J. Gurung, Nirmala Gurung","doi":"10.3126/paj.v5i1.45044","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3126/paj.v5i1.45044","url":null,"abstract":"This article aims to observe the various aspects shaping commercial bank profitability in Nepal. As determining factors, bank related and external macroeconomic variables that influence bank profitability were taken into account. A set of balanced panel data containing 13 Nepali commercial banks for 12-year period (2009-2020) with 156 observations was employed for analysis. Descriptive statistics and Pearson's correlation analysis were employed to measure the status and explore the relationship between independent and dependent variables under study. The study findings were drawn using fixed-effect panel regressions. The study revealed that loan to deposit, known as credit-deposit ratio, has a significant positive impact on the return on assets and net interest margin of commercial banks. The growth of economic activities of the nation measured by gross domestic product growth, significantly influence profits. It implies that the increase in the nation's economic activities leads to escalate the size of loans and advances and eventually earnings of the banks. However, non-performing assets weakly influence the return on assets, but it has a significant negative effect on the equity return. These outcomes proposed that commercial bank profitability can be increased by extending the degree of loan and advance relative to deposit and economic activities of the nation, and decreasing non-performing assets.","PeriodicalId":429477,"journal":{"name":"Prithvi Academic Journal","volume":"44 7","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-05-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114039888","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
S. Gurung, R. Chapagain, Sunil Datta Baral, Jeevan Bhandari
Since the outbreak of COVID-19 and the sudden closure of all educational institutions, teachers have been forced to adapt to online teaching through various online platforms as the only feasible option. In this regard, the study investigates the factors and perceptions that influence teachers’ intention to use online classroom applications in teaching online. Using the descriptive cross-sectional online survey of 227 teachers teaching online during the pandemic, the findings revealed a positive perception of teaching online using online platforms. Further, the study results found that training and administrative support, trust, digital literacy, online teaching ability and perceived security are the major factors affecting the intention to use online classroom applications. These factors have a favorable influence on the choice to use. The study results have some practical implications and limitations of the study have been discussed, which are potential future research areas.
{"title":"Teachers' Perception of Online Teaching and Factors Influencing Intention to Use Online Platforms during COVID-19","authors":"S. Gurung, R. Chapagain, Sunil Datta Baral, Jeevan Bhandari","doi":"10.3126/paj.v5i1.45042","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3126/paj.v5i1.45042","url":null,"abstract":"Since the outbreak of COVID-19 and the sudden closure of all educational institutions, teachers have been forced to adapt to online teaching through various online platforms as the only feasible option. In this regard, the study investigates the factors and perceptions that influence teachers’ intention to use online classroom applications in teaching online. Using the descriptive cross-sectional online survey of 227 teachers teaching online during the pandemic, the findings revealed a positive perception of teaching online using online platforms. Further, the study results found that training and administrative support, trust, digital literacy, online teaching ability and perceived security are the major factors affecting the intention to use online classroom applications. These factors have a favorable influence on the choice to use. The study results have some practical implications and limitations of the study have been discussed, which are potential future research areas.","PeriodicalId":429477,"journal":{"name":"Prithvi Academic Journal","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-05-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130999245","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
This paper aims to study the problems of automated generation and understanding of natural human languages. The word prediction and word completion from a tab-complete in typing is particularly useful to minimized keystrokes for the users with specific necessaries, and to reduce mistakes, and typographic errors. The word prediction techniques are well-established methods that are frequently used as communication aids for people with disabilities to accelerate the writing, to reduce the effort needed to type and to suggest the correct words. It is something that is skillful at doing prediction according to the previous context. Projection can either be established on word figures or verbal rules. The N-gram model is about predicting nth word from N-1 words. It assigns the probabilities to sentences and sequences of words of all possible combination of n words. To meet the objective, this research uses statistics amount of Nepali language of diverse word kinds to expect right word with as much precision as possible. Under the statistical method, this research will deal with the N-gram method to predict the next word for the Nepali language using Viterbi as decoding algorithm.
{"title":"The Use of N-Gram Language Model in Predicting Nepali Words","authors":"Bal Ram Khadka","doi":"10.3126/paj.v5i1.45040","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3126/paj.v5i1.45040","url":null,"abstract":"This paper aims to study the problems of automated generation and understanding of natural human languages. The word prediction and word completion from a tab-complete in typing is particularly useful to minimized keystrokes for the users with specific necessaries, and to reduce mistakes, and typographic errors. The word prediction techniques are well-established methods that are frequently used as communication aids for people with disabilities to accelerate the writing, to reduce the effort needed to type and to suggest the correct words. It is something that is skillful at doing prediction according to the previous context. Projection can either be established on word figures or verbal rules. The N-gram model is about predicting nth word from N-1 words. It assigns the probabilities to sentences and sequences of words of all possible combination of n words. To meet the objective, this research uses statistics amount of Nepali language of diverse word kinds to expect right word with as much precision as possible. Under the statistical method, this research will deal with the N-gram method to predict the next word for the Nepali language using Viterbi as decoding algorithm.","PeriodicalId":429477,"journal":{"name":"Prithvi Academic Journal","volume":"40 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-05-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114397593","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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