As part of reform of its higher education, Tribhuvan University (TU) has recently introduced the semester system for assuring quality education in its master’s programs. As a constituent campus of TU, Prithvi Narayan Campus has started the semester system from the academic session 2018 for its master levels' programs. To successfully instigate the semester system, the institution has to meet certain requirements such as it should have full-time and energetic students, dedicated and innovative teachers, good administration, proper curricula, a resourceful library, a learning environment, and a prompt academic calendar. Among these requirements, the library is vital to enhance the knowledge of the students and significantly maintains quality in education. The role of the library is necessarily dependent upon the educational objectives of the higher institution. Therefore, the main objective of this study is to find out students’ perceptions towards the role of the library for the effective functioning of the semester system. A questionnaire survey method was adopted to collect data for the study. In addition, informal conversations with some students, faculties, and the librarian were also conducted in order to get required information to meet the objective of the study.
{"title":"The Role of Library for the Semester System: A Case of Prithvi Narayan Campus","authors":"Uma Nath Baral","doi":"10.3126/paj.v2i0.31508","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3126/paj.v2i0.31508","url":null,"abstract":"As part of reform of its higher education, Tribhuvan University (TU) has recently introduced the semester system for assuring quality education in its master’s programs. As a constituent campus of TU, Prithvi Narayan Campus has started the semester system from the academic session 2018 for its master levels' programs. To successfully instigate the semester system, the institution has to meet certain requirements such as it should have full-time and energetic students, dedicated and innovative teachers, good administration, proper curricula, a resourceful library, a learning environment, and a prompt academic calendar. Among these requirements, the library is vital to enhance the knowledge of the students and significantly maintains quality in education. The role of the library is necessarily dependent upon the educational objectives of the higher institution. Therefore, the main objective of this study is to find out students’ perceptions towards the role of the library for the effective functioning of the semester system. A questionnaire survey method was adopted to collect data for the study. In addition, informal conversations with some students, faculties, and the librarian were also conducted in order to get required information to meet the objective of the study.","PeriodicalId":429477,"journal":{"name":"Prithvi Academic Journal","volume":"37 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"122096405","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
This paper examines the demand for money in Nepal. Accordingly, time series techniques such as Unit Root Test, Co-integration test approach were conducted considering the annual data from 1975 to 2019. The results of the unit root test indicate that the variables are stationary at the first order difference. Moreover, the co-integration test state that there is co-integration among the real broad money supply, real GDP at producer price, inflation and the interest rate, after taking the logs of real broad money supply, real GDP and interest rate and taking the first difference of all the considered variables, which makes the series normal and stationary respectively. Besides the results of the CUSUM test indicate the stability of the model. The results of the VECM show that there exists the long-run causality of the determinants on the money demand function whereas, out of the considered variables, none has the short-run causality on the money demand function. Moreover, ordinary least square method was also conducted to compute the coefficient of parameters which showed that though only one, real GDP, out of three, was found to be significant, the model was found to be good fit with the value of R-squared 0.9933 stating that the 99.33 percent variation in the dependent variable is explained by the explanatory variables.
{"title":"The Demand for Money in Nepal: An Analysis Using Vector Error Correction Model","authors":"Deepak Neupane","doi":"10.3126/paj.v2i0.31502","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3126/paj.v2i0.31502","url":null,"abstract":"This paper examines the demand for money in Nepal. Accordingly, time series techniques such as Unit Root Test, Co-integration test approach were conducted considering the annual data from 1975 to 2019. The results of the unit root test indicate that the variables are stationary at the first order difference. Moreover, the co-integration test state that there is co-integration among the real broad money supply, real GDP at producer price, inflation and the interest rate, after taking the logs of real broad money supply, real GDP and interest rate and taking the first difference of all the considered variables, which makes the series normal and stationary respectively. Besides the results of the CUSUM test indicate the stability of the model. The results of the VECM show that there exists the long-run causality of the determinants on the money demand function whereas, out of the considered variables, none has the short-run causality on the money demand function. Moreover, ordinary least square method was also conducted to compute the coefficient of parameters which showed that though only one, real GDP, out of three, was found to be significant, the model was found to be good fit with the value of R-squared 0.9933 stating that the 99.33 percent variation in the dependent variable is explained by the explanatory variables.","PeriodicalId":429477,"journal":{"name":"Prithvi Academic Journal","volume":"36 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114429869","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
There is significant growth in a number of non-governmental organizations (NGOs) in Nepal since the 1990s. However, there is lacking of research in the area of financial sustainability of such NGOs. This paper attempts to deal with this issue through a case study of a single NGO. Using data extracted from audit reports and financial statements of the period of fiscal year 2007/08 –2016/017, this paper examines the cost recovery and donor dependency status of LI-BIRD, a national level NGO in Nepal. Financial ratios, trend analysis and regression model have been used to analyze the data. The paper concludes that there is an increasing trend in the total revenue and total expenditure of LI-BIRD. It is able to recover the overall cost only if donors' grants are included in its income sources. If donors' grants are excluded from the total income, its cost recovery ratio is only 51 percent. LI-BIRD has been highly dependent on donors' grants and its dependency ratio has slightly increased during the study period. The implication of the finding is that LI-BIRD should focus on its internal resource generation programs like seed unit, lab unit, and other cost effective units to come out of the vicious cycle of donor dependency and to stand alone without the support (or with less support) of donors. For this, policymakers should also provide the necessary legal basis to generate funds and legitimate income-producing endeavors.
{"title":"Cost Recovery and Donor Dependency Status of LI-BIRD","authors":"H. Pathak","doi":"10.3126/paj.v1i1.25895","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3126/paj.v1i1.25895","url":null,"abstract":"There is significant growth in a number of non-governmental organizations (NGOs) in Nepal since the 1990s. However, there is lacking of research in the area of financial sustainability of such NGOs. This paper attempts to deal with this issue through a case study of a single NGO. Using data extracted from audit reports and financial statements of the period of fiscal year 2007/08 –2016/017, this paper examines the cost recovery and donor dependency status of LI-BIRD, a national level NGO in Nepal. Financial ratios, trend analysis and regression model have been used to analyze the data. The paper concludes that there is an increasing trend in the total revenue and total expenditure of LI-BIRD. It is able to recover the overall cost only if donors' grants are included in its income sources. If donors' grants are excluded from the total income, its cost recovery ratio is only 51 percent. LI-BIRD has been highly dependent on donors' grants and its dependency ratio has slightly increased during the study period. The implication of the finding is that LI-BIRD should focus on its internal resource generation programs like seed unit, lab unit, and other cost effective units to come out of the vicious cycle of donor dependency and to stand alone without the support (or with less support) of donors. For this, policymakers should also provide the necessary legal basis to generate funds and legitimate income-producing endeavors.","PeriodicalId":429477,"journal":{"name":"Prithvi Academic Journal","volume":"90 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-05-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"134143858","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The article attempts to investigate the problems, challenges and prospects of administrative system of Prithvi Narayan Campus (PNC) that has been functioning under Tribhuvan University. The qualitative data are obtained from the respondents mainly through the focus group discussion and in-depth interviews. Quantitative data were received from the campus administration. The study unveiled that the mismanagement of human resource, duplication of work, and insufficient coordination among departments and between the campus administration and the central office of Tribhuvan University as a major problem. Likewise, as in other sectors of public service delivery, the administrative system is incapable of maintaining good governance, integrity and transparency. In order to maintain quality administration, the concerned authority needs to strengthen the administrative capability of the campus, recruit quality human resource, adopt e-governance and maintain quality information system.
{"title":"An Assessment of the Administrative System in Prithvi Narayan Campus","authors":"Than Bahadur Chhetri, Vijay Aryal","doi":"10.3126/paj.v1i1.25900","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3126/paj.v1i1.25900","url":null,"abstract":"The article attempts to investigate the problems, challenges and prospects of administrative system of Prithvi Narayan Campus (PNC) that has been functioning under Tribhuvan University. The qualitative data are obtained from the respondents mainly through the focus group discussion and in-depth interviews. Quantitative data were received from the campus administration. The study unveiled that the mismanagement of human resource, duplication of work, and insufficient coordination among departments and between the campus administration and the central office of Tribhuvan University as a major problem. Likewise, as in other sectors of public service delivery, the administrative system is incapable of maintaining good governance, integrity and transparency. In order to maintain quality administration, the concerned authority needs to strengthen the administrative capability of the campus, recruit quality human resource, adopt e-governance and maintain quality information system.","PeriodicalId":429477,"journal":{"name":"Prithvi Academic Journal","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-05-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130515947","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Ageing is a normal biological process. The ageing transition reduces physiological, social and other capacities and makes elderly susceptible to social and health threats. The rich tradition of dignified ageing is drastically eroding in Nepal; hence, older people today are living in seclusion, depression, diseased and neglected by their children. The key objective of this article is to assess how the senior citizens experienced their transition of ageing. The study is pedestaled on primary data following the qualitative techniques. Healthy ageing is a multifaceted notion and one of the most intense social transformations in human history allied to physical, psychological and social experiences linked to the aged-people, immediate surroundings, friends and the society. But, amid disrupted lives, familial neglect and abandonment, the broader socio-cultural narratives on ageing transition of the elderly contain a decline as empty nesters and a very little age defying ideology. Successful aging equals active aging, hence, to keep positive self-esteem, senior citizens should be physically and mentally vibrant as well as take new responsibilities and roles, nurture new interests and develop new interactions to substitute their previous roles that have diminished with people age. Respect and mutual understanding between the older and young generation under the kinship care system is a part of oriental tradition, which needs to be sustained by state policies. This article suggests some vital measures to be addressed for a proactive dignified ageing.
{"title":"Silent Screams of Ageing: Untold and Unheard Stories of Senior Citizens in Pokhara Elderly Care Centre","authors":"Prakash Upadhyay","doi":"10.3126/paj.v1i1.25898","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3126/paj.v1i1.25898","url":null,"abstract":"Ageing is a normal biological process. The ageing transition reduces physiological, social and other capacities and makes elderly susceptible to social and health threats. The rich tradition of dignified ageing is drastically eroding in Nepal; hence, older people today are living in seclusion, depression, diseased and neglected by their children. The key objective of this article is to assess how the senior citizens experienced their transition of ageing. The study is pedestaled on primary data following the qualitative techniques. Healthy ageing is a multifaceted notion and one of the most intense social transformations in human history allied to physical, psychological and social experiences linked to the aged-people, immediate surroundings, friends and the society. But, amid disrupted lives, familial neglect and abandonment, the broader socio-cultural narratives on ageing transition of the elderly contain a decline as empty nesters and a very little age defying ideology. Successful aging equals active aging, hence, to keep positive self-esteem, senior citizens should be physically and mentally vibrant as well as take new responsibilities and roles, nurture new interests and develop new interactions to substitute their previous roles that have diminished with people age. Respect and mutual understanding between the older and young generation under the kinship care system is a part of oriental tradition, which needs to be sustained by state policies. This article suggests some vital measures to be addressed for a proactive dignified ageing.","PeriodicalId":429477,"journal":{"name":"Prithvi Academic Journal","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-05-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129645110","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Discussion on the use of method and postmethod in teaching English has become a debatable issue in Nepal. Many methods emerged as reaction to others claiming each of them as the best one but questions of their practicality and utility led to the development of postmethod pedagogy. This pedagogy empowers teachers' autonomy in the classroom and encourages them to design the best alternative way from the choices on the basis of their experience, knowledge and the context. However, the inclination to method is also on the rise. Supports claim that no practice will be method free. In this context, this study attempts to explore the teachers' perception on postmethod pedagogy in English as Foreign Language (EFL) classes of Nepal. In order to achieve the designated objective, the descriptive phenomenological research design was used and 12 teachers who are teaching English at different schools in Pokhara were purposively selected. The data revealed that teachers have a positive and hopeful experience towards postmethod pedagogy and want to open quality changes in English language teaching, developing context and culture sensitive pedagogy.
{"title":"Teachers' Perception on Postmethod Pedagogy in EFL Classes of Nepal","authors":"Pitambar Paudel","doi":"10.3126/paj.v1i1.25899","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3126/paj.v1i1.25899","url":null,"abstract":"Discussion on the use of method and postmethod in teaching English has become a debatable issue in Nepal. Many methods emerged as reaction to others claiming each of them as the best one but questions of their practicality and utility led to the development of postmethod pedagogy. This pedagogy empowers teachers' autonomy in the classroom and encourages them to design the best alternative way from the choices on the basis of their experience, knowledge and the context. However, the inclination to method is also on the rise. Supports claim that no practice will be method free. In this context, this study attempts to explore the teachers' perception on postmethod pedagogy in English as Foreign Language (EFL) classes of Nepal. In order to achieve the designated objective, the descriptive phenomenological research design was used and 12 teachers who are teaching English at different schools in Pokhara were purposively selected. The data revealed that teachers have a positive and hopeful experience towards postmethod pedagogy and want to open quality changes in English language teaching, developing context and culture sensitive pedagogy.","PeriodicalId":429477,"journal":{"name":"Prithvi Academic Journal","volume":"2 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-05-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114080077","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
This study aims to investigate if there are a significant number of people who are ready for climate change mitigation action in case of air travelers in Pokhara city. Using the primary information to answer 46 structured questions from 142 respondents of Pokhara city in 2014, the study has estimated the air travelers’ willingness to pay (WTP) to offset their CO2 emission during their flight. The study has showed that with the mean value of 5.53% of their air fare, there is 78.16% probability of willingness to pay voluntarily to offset their CO2 emission caused by their activities by the air travelers in Pokhara. Besides, knowledge and attitude as major determinants of WTP, majority (about 83 percent) of the respondents have both high level of knowledge about carbon emission and high level of attitude towards its adverse impact. The study has also showed that foreigners are more likely to pay to offset their CO2 emission than that of Nepali citizens. Therefore, the findings could be a good information for making pricing, carbon taxing and mitigation policy at any level.
{"title":"Air Traveler's Willingness to Pay to Offset Their CO2 Emission in Pokhara","authors":"Purna Bahadur Khand","doi":"10.3126/paj.v1i1.25896","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3126/paj.v1i1.25896","url":null,"abstract":"This study aims to investigate if there are a significant number of people who are ready for climate change mitigation action in case of air travelers in Pokhara city. Using the primary information to answer 46 structured questions from 142 respondents of Pokhara city in 2014, the study has estimated the air travelers’ willingness to pay (WTP) to offset their CO2 emission during their flight. The study has showed that with the mean value of 5.53% of their air fare, there is 78.16% probability of willingness to pay voluntarily to offset their CO2 emission caused by their activities by the air travelers in Pokhara. Besides, knowledge and attitude as major determinants of WTP, majority (about 83 percent) of the respondents have both high level of knowledge about carbon emission and high level of attitude towards its adverse impact. The study has also showed that foreigners are more likely to pay to offset their CO2 emission than that of Nepali citizens. Therefore, the findings could be a good information for making pricing, carbon taxing and mitigation policy at any level.","PeriodicalId":429477,"journal":{"name":"Prithvi Academic Journal","volume":"103 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-05-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114872465","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Road traffic accidents are increasing in alarming ways. During adolescence period driving for curiosity, careless driving, and peer pressure are most common resulting high road traffic accidents. The main objective of the study was to explore the knowledge and practice of road safety rules and regulations. A descriptive cross sectional study design was used to conduct the study. Non-probability quota sampling technique was used to select 240 respondents from 800 students of class 11 and 12 from Pokhara Secondary School. Self-administered questionnaire was used to collect the information from respondents. The obtained data was entered on SPSS 16 version program and analyzed and interpreted by using descriptive statistics and inferential statistics. The findings revealed that more than half (59.2%) of the respondents had moderately adequate knowledge. Nearly three-forth (70.4%) of the respondents had average practice as a pedestrian and 75.7 percent of the respondents as a driver had average practice. Only 7.5 percent of the respondents were exposed to road traffic accident and high speed was the main cause of accident. More than three quarter (75.7%) had always driven vehicles without license. There was significant association (p=0.034) between the faculty of respondents (science and management) and level of knowledge of respondents on road safety rules and regulations. The study concluded that there was moderate level of knowledge and average level of practice of both drivers and pedestrians on road safety rules and regulations among secondary school students. It therefore suggests awareness programs on road safety rules and regulations are significant or school students to promote safety.
{"title":"Knowledge and Practice of Road Safety Rules and Regulations among Secondary School Students","authors":"Sujeeta Baniya, Arati Timilsina","doi":"10.3126/paj.v1i1.25897","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3126/paj.v1i1.25897","url":null,"abstract":"Road traffic accidents are increasing in alarming ways. During adolescence period driving for curiosity, careless driving, and peer pressure are most common resulting high road traffic accidents. The main objective of the study was to explore the knowledge and practice of road safety rules and regulations. A descriptive cross sectional study design was used to conduct the study. Non-probability quota sampling technique was used to select 240 respondents from 800 students of class 11 and 12 from Pokhara Secondary School. Self-administered questionnaire was used to collect the information from respondents. The obtained data was entered on SPSS 16 version program and analyzed and interpreted by using descriptive statistics and inferential statistics. The findings revealed that more than half (59.2%) of the respondents had moderately adequate knowledge. Nearly three-forth (70.4%) of the respondents had average practice as a pedestrian and 75.7 percent of the respondents as a driver had average practice. Only 7.5 percent of the respondents were exposed to road traffic accident and high speed was the main cause of accident. More than three quarter (75.7%) had always driven vehicles without license. There was significant association (p=0.034) between the faculty of respondents (science and management) and level of knowledge of respondents on road safety rules and regulations. The study concluded that there was moderate level of knowledge and average level of practice of both drivers and pedestrians on road safety rules and regulations among secondary school students. It therefore suggests awareness programs on road safety rules and regulations are significant or school students to promote safety.","PeriodicalId":429477,"journal":{"name":"Prithvi Academic Journal","volume":"119 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-05-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"121479768","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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