Jhumpa Lahiri’s The Namesake explores the cultural negotiation of first and second generation Indian immigrants in America. They oscillate between two cultural spaces i.e. Indian and American searching cultural identity. This study makes an attempt to analyze the paradigm shift between the first and second generations in their cultural negotiation. Their experience of identity crisis, the process of assimilation in the host culture, the deculturation and acculturation processes, the reactions to the discriminatory practices and sense of belonging are examined. They are analyzed by using the theoretical concepts of Hall’s cultural identity and Bhabha’s third space. The cultural negotiation experienced by these two generations in diasporic hybrid cultural space renders fluid and unstable cultural identity. However, the differing approaches adopted by these two generations in their cultural negotiation results in diverse experiences.
{"title":"The Cultural Negotiation: A Shift of Paradigm between First and Second Generation Immigrants in Lahiri’s The Namesake","authors":"N. Bhandari","doi":"10.3126/paj.v1i1.25903","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3126/paj.v1i1.25903","url":null,"abstract":"Jhumpa Lahiri’s The Namesake explores the cultural negotiation of first and second generation Indian immigrants in America. They oscillate between two cultural spaces i.e. Indian and American searching cultural identity. This study makes an attempt to analyze the paradigm shift between the first and second generations in their cultural negotiation. Their experience of identity crisis, the process of assimilation in the host culture, the deculturation and acculturation processes, the reactions to the discriminatory practices and sense of belonging are examined. They are analyzed by using the theoretical concepts of Hall’s cultural identity and Bhabha’s third space. The cultural negotiation experienced by these two generations in diasporic hybrid cultural space renders fluid and unstable cultural identity. However, the differing approaches adopted by these two generations in their cultural negotiation results in diverse experiences.","PeriodicalId":429477,"journal":{"name":"Prithvi Academic Journal","volume":"77 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-05-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"132794363","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The 1960s era was one of the most divisive, turbulent periods in American history. In many ways, the decade was defined by the Counterculture Movement and by those who resisted the demands of a conformist society rooted in Cold War values. This historical study first contextualizes the emergence of the Counterculture Movement of the 1960s within the historical period of mid-century America. Next, the paper provides an analysis of the values of the Counterculture Movement expressed through music. Exploration of counterculture songs reveals that participants advocated the rejection of society through the expression of personal freedom, immediate gratification, anti-materialism, community, and free love. Furthermore, inquiry demonstrates that music was used as a vehicle to explain and promote the movement’s ideals. Ultimately, the study demonstrates the ways in which music of the Counterculture Movement reflected Americans’ broader questions of, and challenges to, the Cold War culture in the late- 1960s.
{"title":"American Counterculture Ideals Expressed through the Music of the 1960s","authors":"T. Wallenius","doi":"10.3126/paj.v1i1.25902","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3126/paj.v1i1.25902","url":null,"abstract":"The 1960s era was one of the most divisive, turbulent periods in American history. In many ways, the decade was defined by the Counterculture Movement and by those who resisted the demands of a conformist society rooted in Cold War values. This historical study first contextualizes the emergence of the Counterculture Movement of the 1960s within the historical period of mid-century America. Next, the paper provides an analysis of the values of the Counterculture Movement expressed through music. Exploration of counterculture songs reveals that participants advocated the rejection of society through the expression of personal freedom, immediate gratification, anti-materialism, community, and free love. Furthermore, inquiry demonstrates that music was used as a vehicle to explain and promote the movement’s ideals. Ultimately, the study demonstrates the ways in which music of the Counterculture Movement reflected Americans’ broader questions of, and challenges to, the Cold War culture in the late- 1960s.","PeriodicalId":429477,"journal":{"name":"Prithvi Academic Journal","volume":"15 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-05-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130019349","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Human beings have been very protective about their identities. Cultural identity is one of the mechanisms that keep them connected to each other and their roots in the globalized world. This becomes more evident in times of threat and uncertainty about their belonging. Therefore, the issues of identity come to the fore in migration and diaspora discourses. In this article, I draw from Stuart Hall’s idea of identity and argue that irrespective of the socio-cultural disorientation and ethnic prejudices, in which the central character undergoes in the novel and craves for and succeeds in creating an identity. Not only the protagonist but also other characters come together to proclaim their identity which on the other hand establishes Atlantic Street as a novel by Rajab1 that represents ethnic prejudices. However, the prejudices the characters suffer, in turn, help to bring together the characters who suffer and constitute an ethnic bond between them. The inscription of the lack of recognition as human beings, and the pursuit of identity in and through literature respectively, reiterate the fact that both literature and identity are cultural products that are entwined.
{"title":"Rajab’s Atlantic Street and Identity Crisis in a Globalized World of Disorientation","authors":"B. Regmi","doi":"10.3126/paj.v1i1.25901","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3126/paj.v1i1.25901","url":null,"abstract":"Human beings have been very protective about their identities. Cultural identity is one of the mechanisms that keep them connected to each other and their roots in the globalized world. This becomes more evident in times of threat and uncertainty about their belonging. Therefore, the issues of identity come to the fore in migration and diaspora discourses. In this article, I draw from Stuart Hall’s idea of identity and argue that irrespective of the socio-cultural disorientation and ethnic prejudices, in which the central character undergoes in the novel and craves for and succeeds in creating an identity. Not only the protagonist but also other characters come together to proclaim their identity which on the other hand establishes Atlantic Street as a novel by Rajab1 that represents ethnic prejudices. However, the prejudices the characters suffer, in turn, help to bring together the characters who suffer and constitute an ethnic bond between them. The inscription of the lack of recognition as human beings, and the pursuit of identity in and through literature respectively, reiterate the fact that both literature and identity are cultural products that are entwined.","PeriodicalId":429477,"journal":{"name":"Prithvi Academic Journal","volume":"50 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-05-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115119771","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
What is the literary value of representing the culture of common people and making cultural discourse of marginality? For what purpose do the writers represent everyday lives, experiences, and cultural practices of marginalised groups? To answer these questions, this paper attempts to analyse Upendra Subba’s “Dumb Hill,” the title story of the anthology Dumb Hill, aiming to explore the whole way of life of ethnic Limbu people of Panchthar district, the eastern part of Nepal, including their lifestyles, socio-economic conditions, cultural values, and practices. It tries to interpret the purpose of representing everyday lives and cultural practices of common Limbu people. To interpret the text, Michel Foucault’s concept of discourse and power/knowledge, and Stuart Hall’s concept of representation have been applied as the theoretical tools to achieve the objectives of the study. Foucault argues that there is no truth, but truths which are constructed by power/knowledge and defined by the discourse. Discourse produces, constructs and defines a body of knowledge or truths. Hall undertakes the representation as a process and practice of conveying the meaning using the material objects or images, which are selected and constituted by power. In this sense, representation is a cultural product rather than an autonomous process of constructing a meaning. From this light, the story as a cultural discourse of marginality produces and defines overshadowed body of knowledge about ethnic Limbu people through discursive representation of Limbu people, and their distinctive cultural practices. This study provides a new insight to see and understand Limbu People’s distinctive ways of life that have been ignored and unheard in the dominant literary discourses.
{"title":"The Representation of Limbus: A Discourse Analysis of Upendra Subba’s “Dumb Hill”","authors":"Jiwan Kumar Rai","doi":"10.3126/paj.v2i0.31510","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3126/paj.v2i0.31510","url":null,"abstract":"What is the literary value of representing the culture of common people and making cultural discourse of marginality? For what purpose do the writers represent everyday lives, experiences, and cultural practices of marginalised groups? To answer these questions, this paper attempts to analyse Upendra Subba’s “Dumb Hill,” the title story of the anthology Dumb Hill, aiming to explore the whole way of life of ethnic Limbu people of Panchthar district, the eastern part of Nepal, including their lifestyles, socio-economic conditions, cultural values, and practices. It tries to interpret the purpose of representing everyday lives and cultural practices of common Limbu people. To interpret the text, Michel Foucault’s concept of discourse and power/knowledge, and Stuart Hall’s concept of representation have been applied as the theoretical tools to achieve the objectives of the study. Foucault argues that there is no truth, but truths which are constructed by power/knowledge and defined by the discourse. Discourse produces, constructs and defines a body of knowledge or truths. Hall undertakes the representation as a process and practice of conveying the meaning using the material objects or images, which are selected and constituted by power. In this sense, representation is a cultural product rather than an autonomous process of constructing a meaning. From this light, the story as a cultural discourse of marginality produces and defines overshadowed body of knowledge about ethnic Limbu people through discursive representation of Limbu people, and their distinctive cultural practices. This study provides a new insight to see and understand Limbu People’s distinctive ways of life that have been ignored and unheard in the dominant literary discourses.","PeriodicalId":429477,"journal":{"name":"Prithvi Academic Journal","volume":"80 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114308890","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Climate change is one of the most complex and crucial issues in the world. It has impacted environmental, social, and economic sectors of our planet. Unsurprisingly, Nepal is not immune to climate change. In fact, it is one of the most susceptible countries to climate change. One of the most impacted variables in Nepal due to climate change is the maximum temperature. The rate of change of temperature per year, in Nepal is ever-increasing. This paper examines the temperature trend and how it has affected environmental, social, and economic sustainability of Kaski District in Nepal. The paper utilizes the maximum temperature trend of Kaski District during 1970-2018. The monthly minimum and maximum temperatures are obtained from the Department of Hydrology and Meteorology (DHM). The study is done based on the data obtained from Pokhara Airport and Lumle stations. The paper uses three statistical tools alongside descriptive statistics to analyze the data. First, the Man-Kendall test is used to figure out the trend of temperature. Second, Sen’s slope is used to find the magnitude of a trend. Third, the Time series model has been used for forecasting temperature trends. Finally, SPSS and R software were used to calculate the results. The trend of maximum temperature has been significantly increased in Kaski District. The maximum temperature in Kaski during 1970-2018, recorded, was 24.99°C in 2005 and was closely followed by 24.66°C temperature in 2010. The average maximum temperature during the 1970-2018 period was 23.49°C. The maximum variation of maximum temperature during 1970-2018 was in 1992 with a standard deviation of 5.94°C. The minimum temperature during 1970-2018 was 21.12°C in 1978 and was closely followed by 22.19°C in 1997. There is an increasing trend of maximum temperature in Kaski District. In addition, the trend of maximum temperature is higher and faster after 1998 in Kaski District of Western Nepal during 1970-2018.
{"title":"Temperature Changes in Kaski District of Nepal: A Study of Trends (1970-2018)","authors":"Rajendra Prasad Upadhayaya","doi":"10.3126/paj.v2i0.31505","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3126/paj.v2i0.31505","url":null,"abstract":"Climate change is one of the most complex and crucial issues in the world. It has impacted environmental, social, and economic sectors of our planet. Unsurprisingly, Nepal is not immune to climate change. In fact, it is one of the most susceptible countries to climate change. One of the most impacted variables in Nepal due to climate change is the maximum temperature. The rate of change of temperature per year, in Nepal is ever-increasing. This paper examines the temperature trend and how it has affected environmental, social, and economic sustainability of Kaski District in Nepal. The paper utilizes the maximum temperature trend of Kaski District during 1970-2018. The monthly minimum and maximum temperatures are obtained from the Department of Hydrology and Meteorology (DHM). The study is done based on the data obtained from Pokhara Airport and Lumle stations. The paper uses three statistical tools alongside descriptive statistics to analyze the data. First, the Man-Kendall test is used to figure out the trend of temperature. Second, Sen’s slope is used to find the magnitude of a trend. Third, the Time series model has been used for forecasting temperature trends. Finally, SPSS and R software were used to calculate the results. The trend of maximum temperature has been significantly increased in Kaski District. The maximum temperature in Kaski during 1970-2018, recorded, was 24.99°C in 2005 and was closely followed by 24.66°C temperature in 2010. The average maximum temperature during the 1970-2018 period was 23.49°C. The maximum variation of maximum temperature during 1970-2018 was in 1992 with a standard deviation of 5.94°C. The minimum temperature during 1970-2018 was 21.12°C in 1978 and was closely followed by 22.19°C in 1997. There is an increasing trend of maximum temperature in Kaski District. In addition, the trend of maximum temperature is higher and faster after 1998 in Kaski District of Western Nepal during 1970-2018.","PeriodicalId":429477,"journal":{"name":"Prithvi Academic Journal","volume":"35 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129277280","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
There is a growing interest among policymakers and academics around the world about the role of entrepreneurship in the socio-economic development of a country. It is believed that if any society works towards encouraging its people to pursue their careers in creating enterprises through creative ideas it will be able not only to grow economically but will also be able to sustain in the long run. Various factors contribute to the development of entrepreneurship in a society; socio-cultural influence is one of the important factors. Though there are various components of socio-cultural factors, this study focused on the impact of education and training on entrepreneurship development. The method adopted was a cross-sectional survey and the design is descriptive. The findings show that education and training play some roles in making an individual motivated towards entrepreneurship. However, the significance of the influence could not be found in the present study. Therefore, it can be concluded that to develop entrepreneurship in a society, education and training on various dimensions of it should be encouraged by societies for their socio-economic growth.
{"title":"The Role of Education and Training in Entrepreneurship Development in Nepal","authors":"S. Pant","doi":"10.3126/paj.v2i0.31501","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3126/paj.v2i0.31501","url":null,"abstract":"There is a growing interest among policymakers and academics around the world about the role of entrepreneurship in the socio-economic development of a country. It is believed that if any society works towards encouraging its people to pursue their careers in creating enterprises through creative ideas it will be able not only to grow economically but will also be able to sustain in the long run. Various factors contribute to the development of entrepreneurship in a society; socio-cultural influence is one of the important factors. Though there are various components of socio-cultural factors, this study focused on the impact of education and training on entrepreneurship development. The method adopted was a cross-sectional survey and the design is descriptive. The findings show that education and training play some roles in making an individual motivated towards entrepreneurship. However, the significance of the influence could not be found in the present study. Therefore, it can be concluded that to develop entrepreneurship in a society, education and training on various dimensions of it should be encouraged by societies for their socio-economic growth.","PeriodicalId":429477,"journal":{"name":"Prithvi Academic Journal","volume":"37 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"123744266","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
In this study, the SIR compartmental mathematical model has been proposed to predict the transmission dynamics of COVID-19 in Nepal The model is analysed by deriving some important expressions such as the basic reproduction ratio and possible maximum number of infectives in the future This study examines the applicability of the SIR model for the study of the COVID-19 pandemic and other similar infectious diseases The prime objective of the study is to analyse and forecast the COVID-19 pandemic in Nepal for the upcoming time The estimation of the parameters of the model is based upon data from January 20, 2020 to July 14, 2020 The model presented in the paper fitted to the time-series data well for the whole Nepal and its neighbouring countries such as India and China The findings suggest that there is a potential for this model to contribute to better public health policy in combating COVID-19
{"title":"Mathematical Modelling of Transmission Dynamics of COVID-19: A Case Study of Nepal","authors":"Laxman Bahadur Kunwar","doi":"10.3126/paj.v3i1.31283","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3126/paj.v3i1.31283","url":null,"abstract":"In this study, the SIR compartmental mathematical model has been proposed to predict the transmission dynamics of COVID-19 in Nepal The model is analysed by deriving some important expressions such as the basic reproduction ratio and possible maximum number of infectives in the future This study examines the applicability of the SIR model for the study of the COVID-19 pandemic and other similar infectious diseases The prime objective of the study is to analyse and forecast the COVID-19 pandemic in Nepal for the upcoming time The estimation of the parameters of the model is based upon data from January 20, 2020 to July 14, 2020 The model presented in the paper fitted to the time-series data well for the whole Nepal and its neighbouring countries such as India and China The findings suggest that there is a potential for this model to contribute to better public health policy in combating COVID-19","PeriodicalId":429477,"journal":{"name":"Prithvi Academic Journal","volume":"20 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126253363","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Lekhanath Khanal, Yuba Raj Pokharel, K. Sharma, S. K. Kalauni
The current pandemic of COVID-19 caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) has envisioned a global health concern The scientists and physicians around the world have been racing to understand the pathophysiology and possible treatment régimes to discover an effective therapeutic resolution against the disease Different secondary metabolites from plants exhibit substantial biological assets including antiviral activity These compounds may be used against the infections of coronavirus The research papers, reviews, and preprints were searched from the PubMed database using keywords like severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus (SARS-CoV), Middle East respiratory syndrome (MERS), and traditional herbal medicine against COVID-19 The review focuses on those natural products which exhibited optimistic results against SARS-COV and SARS-CoV-2 in virtual as well as physical in vitro and in vivo tests It summarizes the epidemiological characters, pathogenesis, structure, and targeting strategies of the virus The compounds like lycorine, psoralidin, quercetin, glycyrrhizin, baicalin, caffeic acid, etc could be the leads for the drug development against COVID-19
{"title":"Plant-Derived Secondary Metabolites as Potential Mediators against COVID-19: A Review","authors":"Lekhanath Khanal, Yuba Raj Pokharel, K. Sharma, S. K. Kalauni","doi":"10.3126/paj.v3i1.31282","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3126/paj.v3i1.31282","url":null,"abstract":"The current pandemic of COVID-19 caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) has envisioned a global health concern The scientists and physicians around the world have been racing to understand the pathophysiology and possible treatment régimes to discover an effective therapeutic resolution against the disease Different secondary metabolites from plants exhibit substantial biological assets including antiviral activity These compounds may be used against the infections of coronavirus The research papers, reviews, and preprints were searched from the PubMed database using keywords like severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus (SARS-CoV), Middle East respiratory syndrome (MERS), and traditional herbal medicine against COVID-19 The review focuses on those natural products which exhibited optimistic results against SARS-COV and SARS-CoV-2 in virtual as well as physical in vitro and in vivo tests It summarizes the epidemiological characters, pathogenesis, structure, and targeting strategies of the virus The compounds like lycorine, psoralidin, quercetin, glycyrrhizin, baicalin, caffeic acid, etc could be the leads for the drug development against COVID-19 ","PeriodicalId":429477,"journal":{"name":"Prithvi Academic Journal","volume":"38 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"117076487","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
This paper examines how humans' chauvinistic attitudes and behavior toward nonhumans exist in humans’ orality in the course of analyzing some selected Nepali proverbs. The proverb as a powerful form of the oral literature can transmit the message and meaning to both literate and illiterate people virtually. Anthropocentrism, one of the approaches of ecocriticism that largely discusses human-nonhuman relationships skewing to humans, has been applied as theoretical insight to expose how humans have overlooked the intrinsic values of nonhumans. While analyzing, humans appear to behave as the sole proprietors of the whole nature by exploiting nonhumans as resources and seem to reject those nonhumans, which they fail to capitalize on. Finally, it could be inferred through this scrutiny that humans look sharply experienced to calculate profit, mostly untrained to comprehend the role of nonhumans in this ecosystem, and muscularly versed to dishonor nonhumans’ loyalty to humans as their weakness.
{"title":"Disregarding the Value of Nonhumans: A Study of Anthropocentrism in Nepali Proverbs","authors":"Yog Raj Lamichhane","doi":"10.3126/paj.v2i0.31513","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3126/paj.v2i0.31513","url":null,"abstract":"This paper examines how humans' chauvinistic attitudes and behavior toward nonhumans exist in humans’ orality in the course of analyzing some selected Nepali proverbs. The proverb as a powerful form of the oral literature can transmit the message and meaning to both literate and illiterate people virtually. Anthropocentrism, one of the approaches of ecocriticism that largely discusses human-nonhuman relationships skewing to humans, has been applied as theoretical insight to expose how humans have overlooked the intrinsic values of nonhumans. While analyzing, humans appear to behave as the sole proprietors of the whole nature by exploiting nonhumans as resources and seem to reject those nonhumans, which they fail to capitalize on. Finally, it could be inferred through this scrutiny that humans look sharply experienced to calculate profit, mostly untrained to comprehend the role of nonhumans in this ecosystem, and muscularly versed to dishonor nonhumans’ loyalty to humans as their weakness.","PeriodicalId":429477,"journal":{"name":"Prithvi Academic Journal","volume":"25 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128130788","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The climate pattern of Nepal is uncertain regarding the precipitation but the extreme events such as floods and drought are increasing. Due to an increase in uncertain precipitation, the extreme rainfall and its intensity are also increased. Baglung District elevated from 650m to 4300m has a diverse climatic zone from upper tropical to alpine, almost similar to the whole Nepal. The data were taken from the Department of Hydrology and Meteorology from 1970 to 2018 (on monthly basis) are used for analyzing the precipitation trends in Baglung District based on five stations by taking the secondary data. To analyze the data, Mann- Kendall, and Sen’s Slope are used to find trend and magnitude. SPSS and R softwere are used to draw graph and other statistical calculations. The analysis shows that there is a positive trend in precipitation in the Baglung district. This is contradictory to national trends of precipitation, which is slightly negative. The maximum value of precipitation is 271.892mm in 1998, followed by 263.070mm in 2000, and the minimum value is 27.217mm in 1973, followed by 86.10 mm in 1972. There is a wide variation in average monthly rainfall in different stations ranging from 158.326mm (Baglung station) to 235.828mm (Rangkhani station) with standard deviations 199.342mm and 310.196mm respectively. The analysis indicates that the trend of precipitation is slightly positive but insignificant which shows that the intensity of rainfall is increased, but the number of rainy days is decreased. Similarly, the results indicate that the average rainfall in Baglung (190.400mm) is higher than the national level (150mm app.).
{"title":"The Precipitation Trend in Baglung District: A Statistical Analysis","authors":"M. Baral","doi":"10.3126/paj.v2i0.31506","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3126/paj.v2i0.31506","url":null,"abstract":"The climate pattern of Nepal is uncertain regarding the precipitation but the extreme events such as floods and drought are increasing. Due to an increase in uncertain precipitation, the extreme rainfall and its intensity are also increased. Baglung District elevated from 650m to 4300m has a diverse climatic zone from upper tropical to alpine, almost similar to the whole Nepal. The data were taken from the Department of Hydrology and Meteorology from 1970 to 2018 (on monthly basis) are used for analyzing the precipitation trends in Baglung District based on five stations by taking the secondary data. To analyze the data, Mann- Kendall, and Sen’s Slope are used to find trend and magnitude. SPSS and R softwere are used to draw graph and other statistical calculations. The analysis shows that there is a positive trend in precipitation in the Baglung district. This is contradictory to national trends of precipitation, which is slightly negative. The maximum value of precipitation is 271.892mm in 1998, followed by 263.070mm in 2000, and the minimum value is 27.217mm in 1973, followed by 86.10 mm in 1972. There is a wide variation in average monthly rainfall in different stations ranging from 158.326mm (Baglung station) to 235.828mm (Rangkhani station) with standard deviations 199.342mm and 310.196mm respectively. The analysis indicates that the trend of precipitation is slightly positive but insignificant which shows that the intensity of rainfall is increased, but the number of rainy days is decreased. Similarly, the results indicate that the average rainfall in Baglung (190.400mm) is higher than the national level (150mm app.).","PeriodicalId":429477,"journal":{"name":"Prithvi Academic Journal","volume":"89 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"133374800","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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