Вступ. Стаття презентує результати кроскультурного аналізу проблеми когнітивно˗семантичного моделювання суб’єктивного образу старості в сучасному соціокультурному просторі. Робота була виконана в рамках авторського дослідницького проекту, спрямованого на визначення тенденцій концептуалізації вікових періодів генези буття в мовній свідомості респондентів різних вікових та соціокультурних груп. Мета статті передбачала виявлення кросскультурних особливостей мовленнєво-розумової об’єктивації концепту «Старість» в мовній картині сучасного інформаційного світу. Предмет дослідження набуває особливої актуальності в умовах демографічного старіння людства. Методи дослідження. Психолінгвістичний контент дослідження зумовив використання методу концептуального аналізу словникових дефініцій для отримання вихідного переліку інтегрованих значень базового рівня концепту «Старість». Спрямований асоціативний експеримент, контент-аналіз і семантико-інтерпретаційний аналіз даних дозволили окреслити асоціативне поле лексеми-стимулу із зазначенням абсолютної частотності кожного асоціата в площині кросскультурного вимірювання. Вибірка була представлена різновіковими респондентами (від 17 до 93 років), котрі проживають у країнах із різним рівнем соціокультурної та економічної захищеності старіння (в Україні, США, Швейцарії). Результати. За результатами вивчення 1845 асоціативних відповідей-реакцій і текстових фрагментів респондентів були виділені одиниці квантифікації семантичного поля досліджуваного концепту: ядро фізіологічний сегмент значень) і периферійна частина (соціокультурний та психологічний сегменти значень). Доведено, що соціокультурний континуум позначення феноменології старості в міжкультурному вимірі мовної картини світу моделює особливу семантичну зону мовної свідомості особистості. Висновки. Статистично підтверджено, що основні трансформації суб’єктивного образу старості в семантичному просторі мовної особистості відбуваються в сегменті соціокультурних маркерів, який в цілому обумовлює варіативні стратегії старіння особистості. Отримані результати суттєво доповнюють представлені науковим співтовариством матеріали щодо кросскультурних тенденцій концептуалізації індикаторів старіння людини в сучасному суспільстві.
{"title":"Кроскультурні особливості репрезентації концепту «старість» у мовній картині сучасного світу","authors":"Natalya Tokareva, Anzhelika Kolly-Shamne, Natalya Makarenko","doi":"10.31470/2309-1797-2021-30-1-224-248","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31470/2309-1797-2021-30-1-224-248","url":null,"abstract":"Вступ. Стаття презентує результати кроскультурного аналізу проблеми когнітивно˗семантичного моделювання суб’єктивного образу старості в сучасному соціокультурному просторі. Робота була виконана в рамках авторського дослідницького проекту, спрямованого на визначення тенденцій концептуалізації вікових періодів генези буття в мовній свідомості респондентів різних вікових та соціокультурних груп. \u0000Мета статті передбачала виявлення кросскультурних особливостей мовленнєво-розумової об’єктивації концепту «Старість» в мовній картині сучасного інформаційного світу. Предмет дослідження набуває особливої актуальності в умовах демографічного старіння людства. \u0000Методи дослідження. Психолінгвістичний контент дослідження зумовив використання методу концептуального аналізу словникових дефініцій для отримання вихідного переліку інтегрованих значень базового рівня концепту «Старість». Спрямований асоціативний експеримент, контент-аналіз і семантико-інтерпретаційний аналіз даних дозволили окреслити асоціативне поле лексеми-стимулу із зазначенням абсолютної частотності кожного асоціата в площині кросскультурного вимірювання. \u0000Вибірка була представлена різновіковими респондентами (від 17 до 93 років), котрі проживають у країнах із різним рівнем соціокультурної та економічної захищеності старіння (в Україні, США, Швейцарії). \u0000Результати. За результатами вивчення 1845 асоціативних відповідей-реакцій і текстових фрагментів респондентів були виділені одиниці квантифікації семантичного поля досліджуваного концепту: ядро фізіологічний сегмент значень) і периферійна частина (соціокультурний та психологічний сегменти значень). Доведено, що соціокультурний континуум позначення феноменології старості в міжкультурному вимірі мовної картини світу моделює особливу семантичну зону мовної свідомості особистості. \u0000Висновки. Статистично підтверджено, що основні трансформації суб’єктивного образу старості в семантичному просторі мовної особистості відбуваються в сегменті соціокультурних маркерів, який в цілому обумовлює варіативні стратегії старіння особистості. \u0000Отримані результати суттєво доповнюють представлені науковим співтовариством матеріали щодо кросскультурних тенденцій концептуалізації індикаторів старіння людини в сучасному суспільстві.","PeriodicalId":42961,"journal":{"name":"Psycholinguistics","volume":"113 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2021-03-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"80557926","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-04-16DOI: 10.31470/2309-1797-2020-27-1-52-79
S. Dyakov
Objective. Based on the psycholongvistic approach, which is widely represented in world personology and psychosemantics, revealing the subjective descriptive characteristics of a person, an attempt is made to build a model and diagnostic technique for mental personality self-organization (PSO). Material and method. The psycholinguistic method of theoretical structuring and systematization of scientific and theoretical data is presented in the perspective of the subjective paradigm and methodology of the system-synergetic approach (psychological and philosophical) is presented in the construction of a categorical-conceptual model of subjectivity in PSO. Based on the method of categorical-conceptual modeling, a model and methodology for semantic analysis and assessment of subjectness self-organization of personality based on individual characteristics of the experience of social-role identification, reflecting the characteristics of feelings and constructs of understanding that determine the conscious will of the subject, is developed. Results. Psycholinguistic scales of semantic constructs are highlighted of the psychic (functional and motivational) and activity (professional, business, and creative) levels of subjectivity are distinguished. The empirical material reflects the verification of the semantic model and methodology. Modified repertoire lattices by J. Kelly and expert assessment in semantic analysis and classification of constructs served as a method of collecting empirical data. An array of constructs obtained (N=2000) reflects the well-known categorical-conceptual aspects of psychic phenomena (processes-states-properties) and external environmental and sociocultural characteristics, thus revealing the socio-psychological aspects of social-role personality identification, which allows analysis and subjectness assessment. Findings. The presented semantic scales of qualities and personality traits (factors of socio-psychological identification) reveal the systemic relationship and the level structure of the PSO, and also make it possible to assess subjectness.
{"title":"Semantic Representation of Social and Role Identification in Subject Self-Organization of Personality","authors":"S. Dyakov","doi":"10.31470/2309-1797-2020-27-1-52-79","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31470/2309-1797-2020-27-1-52-79","url":null,"abstract":"Objective. Based on the psycholongvistic approach, which is widely represented in world personology and psychosemantics, revealing the subjective descriptive characteristics of a person, an attempt is made to build a model and diagnostic technique for mental personality self-organization (PSO). \u0000Material and method. The psycholinguistic method of theoretical structuring and systematization of scientific and theoretical data is presented in the perspective of the subjective paradigm and methodology of the system-synergetic approach (psychological and philosophical) is presented in the construction of a categorical-conceptual model of subjectivity in PSO. Based on the method of categorical-conceptual modeling, a model and methodology for semantic analysis and assessment of subjectness self-organization of personality based on individual characteristics of the experience of social-role identification, reflecting the characteristics of feelings and constructs of understanding that determine the conscious will of the subject, is developed. \u0000Results. Psycholinguistic scales of semantic constructs are highlighted of the psychic (functional and motivational) and activity (professional, business, and creative) levels of subjectivity are distinguished. The empirical material reflects the verification of the semantic model and methodology. Modified repertoire lattices by J. Kelly and expert assessment in semantic analysis and classification of constructs served as a method of collecting empirical data. An array of constructs obtained (N=2000) reflects the well-known categorical-conceptual aspects of psychic phenomena (processes-states-properties) and external environmental and sociocultural characteristics, thus revealing the socio-psychological aspects of social-role personality identification, which allows analysis and subjectness assessment. Findings. The presented semantic scales of qualities and personality traits (factors of socio-psychological identification) reveal the systemic relationship and the level structure of the PSO, and also make it possible to assess subjectness.","PeriodicalId":42961,"journal":{"name":"Psycholinguistics","volume":"23 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2020-04-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"86489066","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-11-12DOI: 10.31470/2309-1797-2019-26-2-190-207
Анастасія Кузьменко
Objective. The object of studying is the English texts of feature cartoons for children, while its subject is psycholinguistic peculiarity of zoonyms in feature cartoon texts. The main goal of the research is to find out the psycholinguistic organization of zoonyms in the English language feature cartoons for children. The objectives are to classify zoonyms’ origin, to differentiate sphere-sources and motivation of zoonym nomination, to highlight stylistic peculiarities of zoonyms. Materials & Methods. Specific methods and techniques are determined by the purpose and material to be analyzed, such as induction and deduction, analysis and synthesis, abstraction and concretization; longitudinal, processing and interpretation methods; psycholinguistic analysis; method of context-semantic analysis; the procedures of quantitative-qualitative calculations and the method of integral choice. Materials for the research are gathered from Paramount Pictures production, Dream Works animation, Universal Studio, Walt Disney production and the selection is the English feature cartoons for children, such as ‘The Lion King’, ‘Balto’, ‘Kung Fu Panda’, ‘Madagascar’, ‘Alpha and Omega’, ‘Shreck’, ‘Ferdinand’, ‘Puppy Dog pals’, ‘Ice Age’ etc. Results. The article dwells upon the psycholinguistic aspect of zoonyms in the English language feature cartoons for children. In the sense of changing the direction of linguistics from language to speech and communication, it is impossible to consider linguistics excluding the anthropological factors such as mentality, culture, behaviour and development of a man individually and of mankind as a whole. In this paper, the ways of forming a world view of a man are presented, which is also formed by a linguistic world view, fauna is distinguished as an emerging element of knowledge influencing on human’s cognition. Taking into account the fact that the world view about fauna is formed in the person’s mind from the first days of life observing nature, listening to the lullabies, watching cartoons, the object of this study is feature cartoons for children, and the subject is zoonyms. In the course of the research, methods and techniques such as induction and deduction, analysis and synthesis, abstraction and concretization, the method of material sampling, quantitative calculation procedure are used to determine the frequency of this phenomenon usage. As a result, it is found that in the English language feature films for children, the names of the English, Scottish, Spanish, French, Italian, German, Chinese, Latin and Greek origins are used in zoonymy. Spheres-sources of zoonymy are multi-anthroponyms, single anthroponyms, toponyms, names of products, fitonyms and actual names of breeds and classes of animals. Nominative motivation is outlined by external features, behaviour, application of an animal, its breed and class. Stylistic peculiarities of zoonymy in the English language feature cartoons for children are such figures as the
{"title":"Zoonymic Peculiarity in Feature Cartoons for Children","authors":"Анастасія Кузьменко","doi":"10.31470/2309-1797-2019-26-2-190-207","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31470/2309-1797-2019-26-2-190-207","url":null,"abstract":"Objective. The object of studying is the English texts of feature cartoons for children, while its subject is psycholinguistic peculiarity of zoonyms in feature cartoon texts. The main goal of the research is to find out the psycholinguistic organization of zoonyms in the English language feature cartoons for children. The objectives are to classify zoonyms’ origin, to differentiate sphere-sources and motivation of zoonym nomination, to highlight stylistic peculiarities of zoonyms. \u0000Materials & Methods. Specific methods and techniques are determined by the purpose and material to be analyzed, such as induction and deduction, analysis and synthesis, abstraction and concretization; longitudinal, processing and interpretation methods; psycholinguistic analysis; method of context-semantic analysis; the procedures of quantitative-qualitative calculations and the method of integral choice. Materials for the research are gathered from Paramount Pictures production, Dream Works animation, Universal Studio, Walt Disney production and the selection is the English feature cartoons for children, such as ‘The Lion King’, ‘Balto’, ‘Kung Fu Panda’, ‘Madagascar’, ‘Alpha and Omega’, ‘Shreck’, ‘Ferdinand’, ‘Puppy Dog pals’, ‘Ice Age’ etc. \u0000Results. The article dwells upon the psycholinguistic aspect of zoonyms in the English language feature cartoons for children. In the sense of changing the direction of linguistics from language to speech and communication, it is impossible to consider linguistics excluding the anthropological factors such as mentality, culture, behaviour and development of a man individually and of mankind as a whole. In this paper, the ways of forming a world view of a man are presented, which is also formed by a linguistic world view, fauna is distinguished as an emerging element of knowledge influencing on human’s cognition. Taking into account the fact that the world view about fauna is formed in the person’s mind from the first days of life observing nature, listening to the lullabies, watching cartoons, the object of this study is feature cartoons for children, and the subject is zoonyms. In the course of the research, methods and techniques such as induction and deduction, analysis and synthesis, abstraction and concretization, the method of material sampling, quantitative calculation procedure are used to determine the frequency of this phenomenon usage. As a result, it is found that in the English language feature films for children, the names of the English, Scottish, Spanish, French, Italian, German, Chinese, Latin and Greek origins are used in zoonymy. Spheres-sources of zoonymy are multi-anthroponyms, single anthroponyms, toponyms, names of products, fitonyms and actual names of breeds and classes of animals. Nominative motivation is outlined by external features, behaviour, application of an animal, its breed and class. Stylistic peculiarities of zoonymy in the English language feature cartoons for children are such figures as the","PeriodicalId":42961,"journal":{"name":"Psycholinguistics","volume":"199 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2019-11-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"77262115","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-11-12DOI: 10.31470/2309-1797-2019-26-1-37-50
Наталя Афанасьєва, Наталія Світлична, Олександр Шайда
Introduction. Psycholinguistic studies of a man as a linguistic personality open up new opportunities for scientists to develop technologies aimed to explore the role of counseling psychology in the system of psychological assistance in the representations of psychologists. The use of psycholinguistic research methods, in particular, psychosemantics helps to study the origin, structure and functions of the personal system of knowledge and definitions. Aim. The aim of the article is to highlight the research results of word associations of psychologists regarding the role of counseling psychology in the system of psychology practice. Research procedure: the study was conducted using the semantic differential scaling and the method of pairwise comparisons. Representatives of different branches of psychology who work in Ukraine took part in it. Results. It was determined that counseling psychology is a totally independent branch of assistance in the representations of the research subjects. Conclusions: the psycho-semantic research of psychologists’ word associations applyong the semantic differential scaling and the method of pairwise comparisons of all types of psychological therapy according to the criterion of similarity-difference has determined the role of counseling psychology in psychosemantic space. The more the phenomena, stimuli, objects studied are subjectively similar in the generalized psychosemantic space, the closer the indicators of these stimuli are located in the space of signs. Based on such a remote model, subjective data according to the differences of one stimulus from another their mutual arrangement are reconstructed in the space of several signs. The distance between these objects is an indicator of the differences. The research proves that psychological counseling is a totally independent branch of assistance in the representations of the psychologists.
{"title":"Psychosemantic Analysis of Psychologists’ Representations About the Place of Psychological Counseling","authors":"Наталя Афанасьєва, Наталія Світлична, Олександр Шайда","doi":"10.31470/2309-1797-2019-26-1-37-50","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31470/2309-1797-2019-26-1-37-50","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction. Psycholinguistic studies of a man as a linguistic personality open up new opportunities for scientists to develop technologies aimed to explore the role of counseling psychology in the system of psychological assistance in the representations of psychologists. The use of psycholinguistic research methods, in particular, psychosemantics helps to study the origin, structure and functions of the personal system of knowledge and definitions. \u0000Aim. The aim of the article is to highlight the research results of word associations of psychologists regarding the role of counseling psychology in the system of psychology practice. \u0000Research procedure: the study was conducted using the semantic differential scaling and the method of pairwise comparisons. Representatives of different branches of psychology who work in Ukraine took part in it. \u0000Results. It was determined that counseling psychology is a totally independent branch of assistance in the representations of the research subjects. \u0000Conclusions: the psycho-semantic research of psychologists’ word associations applyong the semantic differential scaling and the method of pairwise comparisons of all types of psychological therapy according to the criterion of similarity-difference has determined the role of counseling psychology in psychosemantic space. The more the phenomena, stimuli, objects studied are subjectively similar in the generalized psychosemantic space, the closer the indicators of these stimuli are located in the space of signs. Based on such a remote model, subjective data according to the differences of one stimulus from another their mutual arrangement are reconstructed in the space of several signs. The distance between these objects is an indicator of the differences. The research proves that psychological counseling is a totally independent branch of assistance in the representations of the psychologists.","PeriodicalId":42961,"journal":{"name":"Psycholinguistics","volume":"15 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2019-11-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"84863772","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-11-12DOI: 10.31470/2309-1797-2019-26-2-278-295
Людмила Марчук, Олег Анатолійович Рарицький
Aim of the research. To describe objective and subjective factors of language semantic interpretation of gradation thinking content (psychological and linguistic aspects in gradation semantics). Research methods. The article describes the foundations of distinguishing functional and semantic gradation category in the Ukrainian language which is reflected in the units of different levels. The linguistic cognitive character of the investigation is proved within these notions, as one of the principle tasks of the work is to determine mental anthropocentric and psychological factors of emerging gradation utterances in the Ukrainian language, which demonstrate the unity of linguistics and psychology, language and speech. The methodology consisted in comparing the materials of gradation in different levels, carrying out hypothetic modeling of the gradation scale on the basis of functioning gradation verbal markers, determining psychological foundations for gradation functioning in the individual picture of the world. The interaction of the objective (conceptual world of the gradated O) and the subjective (emotional and intellectual sphere of the gradator S) worlds creates the gradation fragment in a language, its orientation concerning the gradation dimension (O – object, S – subject of gradation). Results. The investigation of the motivation, semantic accentuation and communicators character, i.e. the inner world of the speaker and listener, text author and reader, enabled to code and decode the information given in the text. For decoding we identified the gradation units and explicated them on the sentence (text) level, distinguished pragmatic structures with redundant information. Thus the problem of certain stereotypes as the norm of environment perception, deviations from the norm was partially solved and the possibilities of reconstructing the quality characteristics of the language world picture were expanded. Conclusion. The choice of the verbal implementation for gradation category is carried out by the author of the communication act, it is subordinated to particular psychological regularities, which are general for human language but mentally individual concerning the communicator personality and individual language picture of the world.
{"title":"Psycholinguistic Preconditions of Gradation Functioning in the Individual World Picture","authors":"Людмила Марчук, Олег Анатолійович Рарицький","doi":"10.31470/2309-1797-2019-26-2-278-295","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31470/2309-1797-2019-26-2-278-295","url":null,"abstract":"Aim of the research. To describe objective and subjective factors of language semantic interpretation of gradation thinking content (psychological and linguistic aspects in gradation semantics). \u0000Research methods. The article describes the foundations of distinguishing functional and semantic gradation category in the Ukrainian language which is reflected in the units of different levels. The linguistic cognitive character of the investigation is proved within these notions, as one of the principle tasks of the work is to determine mental anthropocentric and psychological factors of emerging gradation utterances in the Ukrainian language, which demonstrate the unity of linguistics and psychology, language and speech. The methodology consisted in comparing the materials of gradation in different levels, carrying out hypothetic modeling of the gradation scale on the basis of functioning gradation verbal markers, determining psychological foundations for gradation functioning in the individual picture of the world. The interaction of the objective (conceptual world of the gradated O) and the subjective (emotional and intellectual sphere of the gradator S) worlds creates the gradation fragment in a language, its orientation concerning the gradation dimension (O – object, S – subject of gradation). \u0000Results. The investigation of the motivation, semantic accentuation and communicators character, i.e. the inner world of the speaker and listener, text author and reader, enabled to code and decode the information given in the text. For decoding we identified the gradation units and explicated them on the sentence (text) level, distinguished pragmatic structures with redundant information. Thus the problem of certain stereotypes as the norm of environment perception, deviations from the norm was partially solved and the possibilities of reconstructing the quality characteristics of the language world picture were expanded. \u0000Conclusion. The choice of the verbal implementation for gradation category is carried out by the author of the communication act, it is subordinated to particular psychological regularities, which are general for human language but mentally individual concerning the communicator personality and individual language picture of the world.","PeriodicalId":42961,"journal":{"name":"Psycholinguistics","volume":"37 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2019-11-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"73744403","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-11-12DOI: 10.31470/2309-1797-2019-26-2-91-113
Маргарита Дорофеєва, Тетяна Андрущенко
The article deals with the category of informational entropy in the source text as a matter of translation psycholinguistics. The informational entropy of the lexical units on different levels in the source text refers to subjective factors that reduce the translation quality. Lexical units-carriers of the source text’s informational entropy cause informational deficits in the translator’s consciousness. The aim of the search is to consider the category of informational entropy from the standpoint of psycholinguistics and cognitive translation theory, identify the causes of informational entropy, establish linguistic and genre-stylistic markers of the lexical entropy units in the source text, identify ways to minimize entropy in the specialized translation. The research procedure involves a psycholinguistic experiment with the participation of 85 informants with semi-professional translation status. The participants produced a German-Ukrainian translation of a specialized text, in which the number of lexical units contained informational entropy as a percentage of the total words’ number was 17.9%. The results of the translation’s comparative analysis indicate similar psycholinguistic mechanisms for understanding lexical units with informational entropy, leading to false translation solutions in the target texts. Such mechanisms include an incorrect choice of the translation method and a lack of attention to the extralinguistic information in the source text. The conclusions of the psycholinguistic experiment confirm the universal nature of the informational entropy, resulting in translation quality degradation. The psycholinguistic factor for the false translation solutions is an automatic suppression the contextual meaning of the source text’s lexical item by its subject-logical meaning in the translator’s mind, realized in the incorrect choice of the translation method.
{"title":"Information Entropy in Translation: Psycholinguistic Aspects","authors":"Маргарита Дорофеєва, Тетяна Андрущенко","doi":"10.31470/2309-1797-2019-26-2-91-113","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31470/2309-1797-2019-26-2-91-113","url":null,"abstract":"The article deals with the category of informational entropy in the source text as a matter of translation psycholinguistics. The informational entropy of the lexical units on different levels in the source text refers to subjective factors that reduce the translation quality. Lexical units-carriers of the source text’s informational entropy cause informational deficits in the translator’s consciousness. \u0000The aim of the search is to consider the category of informational entropy from the standpoint of psycholinguistics and cognitive translation theory, identify the causes of informational entropy, establish linguistic and genre-stylistic markers of the lexical entropy units in the source text, identify ways to minimize entropy in the specialized translation. \u0000The research procedure involves a psycholinguistic experiment with the participation of 85 informants with semi-professional translation status. The participants produced a German-Ukrainian translation of a specialized text, in which the number of lexical units contained informational entropy as a percentage of the total words’ number was 17.9%. \u0000The results of the translation’s comparative analysis indicate similar psycholinguistic mechanisms for understanding lexical units with informational entropy, leading to false translation solutions in the target texts. Such mechanisms include an incorrect choice of the translation method and a lack of attention to the extralinguistic information in the source text. \u0000The conclusions of the psycholinguistic experiment confirm the universal nature of the informational entropy, resulting in translation quality degradation. The psycholinguistic factor for the false translation solutions is an automatic suppression the contextual meaning of the source text’s lexical item by its subject-logical meaning in the translator’s mind, realized in the incorrect choice of the translation method.","PeriodicalId":42961,"journal":{"name":"Psycholinguistics","volume":"48 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2019-11-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"76932518","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-11-12DOI: 10.31470/2309-1797-2019-26-2-260-277
Мирослава Мамич
Research aim is to identify the phenomena of verbal vulgarization of children’s cartoon discourse, to determine their functional-semantic loads and registers of reduced emotional evaluation, as well as the main socio-cultural types of corporate vulgar behavior. Research Methods. The study of the vulgarization of children’s media content was carried out with the help of: a) theoretical methods, b) psycholinguistic empirical methods – discourse-analysis of vulgarized dialogical situations; questionnaire related to the testing of registers of dialogical situations in cinema texts among the audience of student’s youth (80 humanitarian students (specialty “Journalism”) of the National University “Odesa Law Academy” aged 17-20 years). Results. The didactic role of animated cinema texts in the formation of media culture is noted. It was proposed the practical analysis of the modern children’s cartoons language in the context of the systematization of markers of affective vulgarity, such as slangisms, jargonisms, elements of common language, obscenisms. On the basis of a survey and psycholinguistic experiment, a stylistic evaluation of the perception of the selected lexical-phraseological material as such that contains the connotation “vulgarity” was confirmed, the attitude of the young generation of viewers to vulgarized cinema text was revealed. Conclusions. Among the main conclusions we may note that as a result of language vulgarization of modern consciousness, in particular children, the so-called conceptual sphere of human activity is changing. The new generation of viewers is focused on low, coarse communication, on the weakening of the feeling of beautiful, on the positive perception of the appropriate aesthetics of everyday life. According to the results of the questionnaire, these cinema texts are perceived neutral by 55 students, positively – 21 students, negatively – 4 students. The language of cartoon characters, which represent certain social groups of real society, is seen as the norm for any situation, and grumpiness, disrespect, psycho-emotional imbalance are seen as their “organic” color. Therefore, the majority, or the vast majority of the respondents, correlated the lexical-phraseological units as jargon that is, acceptable in the youth environment. Modern foreign animation that is presented as translated cinema text, loses the important function of being a mediadidactive source, that is, the medium of producing patterns of individual and collective linguistic behavior.
{"title":"The Vulgarization of the Language of a Children’s Multiplication Text as a Psycholinguistic Problem","authors":"Мирослава Мамич","doi":"10.31470/2309-1797-2019-26-2-260-277","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31470/2309-1797-2019-26-2-260-277","url":null,"abstract":"Research aim is to identify the phenomena of verbal vulgarization of children’s cartoon discourse, to determine their functional-semantic loads and registers of reduced emotional evaluation, as well as the main socio-cultural types of corporate vulgar behavior. \u0000Research Methods. The study of the vulgarization of children’s media content was carried out with the help of: a) theoretical methods, b) psycholinguistic empirical methods – discourse-analysis of vulgarized dialogical situations; questionnaire related to the testing of registers of dialogical situations in cinema texts among the audience of student’s youth (80 humanitarian students (specialty “Journalism”) of the National University “Odesa Law Academy” aged 17-20 years). \u0000Results. The didactic role of animated cinema texts in the formation of media culture is noted. It was proposed the practical analysis of the modern children’s cartoons language in the context of the systematization of markers of affective vulgarity, such as slangisms, jargonisms, elements of common language, obscenisms. On the basis of a survey and psycholinguistic experiment, a stylistic evaluation of the perception of the selected lexical-phraseological material as such that contains the connotation “vulgarity” was confirmed, the attitude of the young generation of viewers to vulgarized cinema text was revealed. \u0000Conclusions. Among the main conclusions we may note that as a result of language vulgarization of modern consciousness, in particular children, the so-called conceptual sphere of human activity is changing. The new generation of viewers is focused on low, coarse communication, on the weakening of the feeling of beautiful, on the positive perception of the appropriate aesthetics of everyday life. According to the results of the questionnaire, these cinema texts are perceived neutral by 55 students, positively – 21 students, negatively – 4 students. The language of cartoon characters, which represent certain social groups of real society, is seen as the norm for any situation, and grumpiness, disrespect, psycho-emotional imbalance are seen as their “organic” color. Therefore, the majority, or the vast majority of the respondents, correlated the lexical-phraseological units as jargon that is, acceptable in the youth environment. Modern foreign animation that is presented as translated cinema text, loses the important function of being a mediadidactive source, that is, the medium of producing patterns of individual and collective linguistic behavior.","PeriodicalId":42961,"journal":{"name":"Psycholinguistics","volume":"90 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2019-11-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"83926880","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-11-12DOI: 10.31470/2309-1797-2019-26-2-243-259
Марія Личук
Objective. In the article the subject of the analysis is semi-phraseologized sentences with the value of an ironic negation. The purpose of the article is to characterize the specificity of semantic subtypes of semi-phraseologized sentences with the meaning of ironic negation as psycholinguistic units, to define their functions in the system of hierarchical relations «holistic act of speech activity – speech actions». Materials & Methods. In the article such methods are used as: descriptive method were used to characterize the components in the phras-scheme of semi-praseologized sentences, the modeling method – to create models of semi-praseologized sentences of ironically negation type. The associative experiment method has made it possible to find out the semantic characteristics of subtypes of ironically negation semi-phraseologized sentences in speech, to determine their expressive potential in different communicative situations. Results. The basis of semi-phraseologized sentences of the modern Ukrainian language is the phraseologized structural scheme, on which the fixed meaning does not depend on the specific lexical filling of structural components, since this value is idiomatic. The means of explicit manifestation of ironic negation in semi-phraseologized sentences are described. The mechanism of structuring such sentences is disclosed, one of their qualification features – stability has been analyzed and the effect on this feature of the morphological expression of the constant and variable components of the phrase-schemes is investigated. Interpretation of the semantics of semi-phraseologized sentences may be accompanied by some difficulties. In artistic text, this question compensates for the context, then dialogic speech does not always have enough questions and answers of the participants in the dialogue to perceive the idea adequately. Therefore, the meaning of a semi-phraseologized sentence is based on the speakers' background knowledge, associative parallels that the speaker can use. The author suggests to consider semi-phraseologized sentences as psycholinguistic units. The ordering of different semantic types and subtypes of semi-phraseologized sentences contributes to the optimality of speech, in particular, the dialogic conversational, adequate expression of thought, with the support on the thinking processes of the speaker, realizing it as the active subject of the communication process. Conclusions. The connotative shades in semantics of the ironic negation of semi-phraseologized sentences are traced. The means of expression of semi-phraseologized sentences with ironic negation, in particular the emphasis of the anaphoric modal component, are found. The implicit means of the ironic negation are determined: exclamation intonation, fixed sequence of components and the presence of the phraseologized connectivite complex.
{"title":"Semantics of Ironical Negation in Structure Semi-Phraseologized Sentences: Through the Prism of Psycholinguistic Peculiarities of Speech Activity","authors":"Марія Личук","doi":"10.31470/2309-1797-2019-26-2-243-259","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31470/2309-1797-2019-26-2-243-259","url":null,"abstract":"Objective. In the article the subject of the analysis is semi-phraseologized sentences with the value of an ironic negation. The purpose of the article is to characterize the specificity of semantic subtypes of semi-phraseologized sentences with the meaning of ironic negation as psycholinguistic units, to define their functions in the system of hierarchical relations «holistic act of speech activity – speech actions». \u0000Materials & Methods. In the article such methods are used as: descriptive method were used to characterize the components in the phras-scheme of semi-praseologized sentences, the modeling method – to create models of semi-praseologized sentences of ironically negation type. The associative experiment method has made it possible to find out the semantic characteristics of subtypes of ironically negation semi-phraseologized sentences in speech, to determine their expressive potential in different communicative situations. \u0000Results. The basis of semi-phraseologized sentences of the modern Ukrainian language is the phraseologized structural scheme, on which the fixed meaning does not depend on the specific lexical filling of structural components, since this value is idiomatic. The means of explicit manifestation of ironic negation in semi-phraseologized sentences are described. The mechanism of structuring such sentences is disclosed, one of their qualification features – stability has been analyzed and the effect on this feature of the morphological expression of the constant and variable components of the phrase-schemes is investigated. Interpretation of the semantics of semi-phraseologized sentences may be accompanied by some difficulties. In artistic text, this question compensates for the context, then dialogic speech does not always have enough questions and answers of the participants in the dialogue to perceive the idea adequately. Therefore, the meaning of a semi-phraseologized sentence is based on the speakers' background knowledge, associative parallels that the speaker can use. The author suggests to consider semi-phraseologized sentences as psycholinguistic units. The ordering of different semantic types and subtypes of semi-phraseologized sentences contributes to the optimality of speech, in particular, the dialogic conversational, adequate expression of thought, with the support on the thinking processes of the speaker, realizing it as the active subject of the communication process. \u0000Conclusions. The connotative shades in semantics of the ironic negation of semi-phraseologized sentences are traced. The means of expression of semi-phraseologized sentences with ironic negation, in particular the emphasis of the anaphoric modal component, are found. The implicit means of the ironic negation are determined: exclamation intonation, fixed sequence of components and the presence of the phraseologized connectivite complex.","PeriodicalId":42961,"journal":{"name":"Psycholinguistics","volume":"33 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2019-11-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"73970397","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-11-12DOI: 10.31470/2309-1797-2019-26-1-141-159
Лариса Зданевич, Катерина Крутій
Introduction. The article analyzes the child’s speech concerning the individual peculiarities. It is about the formation of the communicative competence of the child. It is revealed that this process involves aspects: the acquisition of skills in the system-language and directly in the communicative spheres. Objectives – to structure theoretical developments of the problem under research, to emphasize their contribution into general approaches to speech activity of pre-school children, to single out groups of speech-passive children on the basis of communicative deadaptation. Research methods and techniques. The typological groups of speech-passive children have been singled out: «operational-technical», «motivational», «partial» or «selective» speech passivity. The experimental research on the identification of speech-passive children has been planned and carried out. The Heidelberger Speech Development Test has been used to diagnose the speech abilities of children aged 3 to 9 and a questionnaire for assessing speech and cognitive development of the child. Results and discussions. The child’s individual speech is understood as a socially and biologically conditioned system of sign psychic configurations, used by the individual both for thinking and for speech communication, which can be both active and passive. The possibilities of using the results of modern interdisciplinary researches to identify communicative maladaptation of senior pre-school children, who are speech-passive, have been revealed. The speech activity of children is defined as a stable personality property, which manifests itself in the ability to perceive and understand the speech of others. The speech passivity of the child is understood as a lower level of speech activity, due to the peculiarities of speech development in ontogenesis. Active and inert types of speech have been characterized. It is concluded that the age of five years has a special significance for onto-psycholinguistic researches. This age is characterized by the crisis of egocentric speech, culminating in its internalization, accompanied by the general communicative maladaptation. Conclusions. It is proved that the violation of the process of communication of speech-passive pre-schoolers is manifested mainly in two varieties, as communicative deficit or communicative exaltation.
{"title":"Overcoming Communicative Deadaptation of Speech Passive Children of Pre-School Age","authors":"Лариса Зданевич, Катерина Крутій","doi":"10.31470/2309-1797-2019-26-1-141-159","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31470/2309-1797-2019-26-1-141-159","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction. The article analyzes the child’s speech concerning the individual peculiarities. It is about the formation of the communicative competence of the child. It is revealed that this process involves aspects: the acquisition of skills in the system-language and directly in the communicative spheres. \u0000Objectives – to structure theoretical developments of the problem under research, to emphasize their contribution into general approaches to speech activity of pre-school children, to single out groups of speech-passive children on the basis of communicative deadaptation. \u0000Research methods and techniques. The typological groups of speech-passive children have been singled out: «operational-technical», «motivational», «partial» or «selective» speech passivity. The experimental research on the identification of speech-passive children has been planned and carried out. The Heidelberger Speech Development Test has been used to diagnose the speech abilities of children aged 3 to 9 and a questionnaire for assessing speech and cognitive development of the child. \u0000Results and discussions. The child’s individual speech is understood as a socially and biologically conditioned system of sign psychic configurations, used by the individual both for thinking and for speech communication, which can be both active and passive. The possibilities of using the results of modern interdisciplinary researches to identify communicative maladaptation of senior pre-school children, who are speech-passive, have been revealed. The speech activity of children is defined as a stable personality property, which manifests itself in the ability to perceive and understand the speech of others. The speech passivity of the child is understood as a lower level of speech activity, due to the peculiarities of speech development in ontogenesis. Active and inert types of speech have been characterized. It is concluded that the age of five years has a special significance for onto-psycholinguistic researches. This age is characterized by the crisis of egocentric speech, culminating in its internalization, accompanied by the general communicative maladaptation. \u0000Conclusions. It is proved that the violation of the process of communication of speech-passive pre-schoolers is manifested mainly in two varieties, as communicative deficit or communicative exaltation.","PeriodicalId":42961,"journal":{"name":"Psycholinguistics","volume":"41 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2019-11-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"73658854","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-11-12DOI: 10.31470/2309-1797-2019-26-2-224-242
Ірина Лисичкіна
Objective. This research aims at defining the principles of constructing effective narratives with the use of the strategic communication capabilities and the media. Materials and Methods. Publications in modern English and Ukrainian mass-media have been analyzed using methods and techniques of discourse analysis, content- and intent-analysis with elements of pragmatic and narrative analysis. The author’s methodology included the following: to identify the author’s intention and motives, the main topoi and points of the narrative focalization, to define hidden beliefs, social and psychological basis for the recipient’s perception of the narrative, to outline effective strategies for the narrative construction and dissemination in the media. Results. In general, modern media have the capacity of constructing the desired frames in the audience’s consciousness by creating a mental model of the situation, on which the consumer of the information starts to rely. Decision-making now is reliant on the media consciousness, a virtual world imposed by the media and constructed with the help of relevant narratives. Modern strategic narratives usually have the external focalization which gets more credibility when supported and presented by the focalization points of celebrities and experts. Competing narratives, as well as the plurality of possible interpretations of events, are destroyed with the help of the media, which begin to broadcast one interpretation of the event that matches the narrative, by this making it the truth. Simultaneous use of several different media intensifies the influence and support the narrative. Repeating information changes its status and makes it not just a fact, but general knowledge. Any narrative is not only a sequential story of the selected events, but also persuasion in its nature. Persuasion is enhanced when narratives resonate with the audience's value system. Conclusions. As a strategic communication tool, an effective narrative is constructed with regard to all the aspects of communication, psycholinguistic and social aspects being especially important. Further insights into the problem of shaping narratives will allow outlining best practices and their elements to develop image-forming narratives.
{"title":"Mass-Media Specificity of Building an Effective Narrative as a Strategic Communication Tool","authors":"Ірина Лисичкіна","doi":"10.31470/2309-1797-2019-26-2-224-242","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31470/2309-1797-2019-26-2-224-242","url":null,"abstract":"Objective. This research aims at defining the principles of constructing effective narratives with the use of the strategic communication capabilities and the media. Materials and Methods. Publications in modern English and Ukrainian mass-media have been analyzed using methods and techniques of discourse analysis, content- and intent-analysis with elements of pragmatic and narrative analysis. The author’s methodology included the following: to identify the author’s intention and motives, the main topoi and points of the narrative focalization, to define hidden beliefs, social and psychological basis for the recipient’s perception of the narrative, to outline effective strategies for the narrative construction and dissemination in the media. Results. In general, modern media have the capacity of constructing the desired frames in the audience’s consciousness by creating a mental model of the situation, on which the consumer of the information starts to rely. Decision-making now is reliant on the media consciousness, a virtual world imposed by the media and constructed with the help of relevant narratives. Modern strategic narratives usually have the external focalization which gets more credibility when supported and presented by the focalization points of celebrities and experts. Competing narratives, as well as the plurality of possible interpretations of events, are destroyed with the help of the media, which begin to broadcast one interpretation of the event that matches the narrative, by this making it the truth. Simultaneous use of several different media intensifies the influence and support the narrative. Repeating information changes its status and makes it not just a fact, but general knowledge. Any narrative is not only a sequential story of the selected events, but also persuasion in its nature. Persuasion is enhanced when narratives resonate with the audience's value system. Conclusions. As a strategic communication tool, an effective narrative is constructed with regard to all the aspects of communication, psycholinguistic and social aspects being especially important. Further insights into the problem of shaping narratives will allow outlining best practices and their elements to develop image-forming narratives.","PeriodicalId":42961,"journal":{"name":"Psycholinguistics","volume":"3 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2019-11-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"89144757","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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