Вступ. Стаття презентує результати кроскультурного аналізу проблеми когнітивно˗семантичного моделювання суб’єктивного образу старості в сучасному соціокультурному просторі. Робота була виконана в рамках авторського дослідницького проекту, спрямованого на визначення тенденцій концептуалізації вікових періодів генези буття в мовній свідомості респондентів різних вікових та соціокультурних груп. Мета статті передбачала виявлення кросскультурних особливостей мовленнєво-розумової об’єктивації концепту «Старість» в мовній картині сучасного інформаційного світу. Предмет дослідження набуває особливої актуальності в умовах демографічного старіння людства. Методи дослідження. Психолінгвістичний контент дослідження зумовив використання методу концептуального аналізу словникових дефініцій для отримання вихідного переліку інтегрованих значень базового рівня концепту «Старість». Спрямований асоціативний експеримент, контент-аналіз і семантико-інтерпретаційний аналіз даних дозволили окреслити асоціативне поле лексеми-стимулу із зазначенням абсолютної частотності кожного асоціата в площині кросскультурного вимірювання. Вибірка була представлена різновіковими респондентами (від 17 до 93 років), котрі проживають у країнах із різним рівнем соціокультурної та економічної захищеності старіння (в Україні, США, Швейцарії). Результати. За результатами вивчення 1845 асоціативних відповідей-реакцій і текстових фрагментів респондентів були виділені одиниці квантифікації семантичного поля досліджуваного концепту: ядро фізіологічний сегмент значень) і периферійна частина (соціокультурний та психологічний сегменти значень). Доведено, що соціокультурний континуум позначення феноменології старості в міжкультурному вимірі мовної картини світу моделює особливу семантичну зону мовної свідомості особистості. Висновки. Статистично підтверджено, що основні трансформації суб’єктивного образу старості в семантичному просторі мовної особистості відбуваються в сегменті соціокультурних маркерів, який в цілому обумовлює варіативні стратегії старіння особистості. Отримані результати суттєво доповнюють представлені науковим співтовариством матеріали щодо кросскультурних тенденцій концептуалізації індикаторів старіння людини в сучасному суспільстві.
{"title":"Кроскультурні особливості репрезентації концепту «старість» у мовній картині сучасного світу","authors":"Natalya Tokareva, Anzhelika Kolly-Shamne, Natalya Makarenko","doi":"10.31470/2309-1797-2021-30-1-224-248","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31470/2309-1797-2021-30-1-224-248","url":null,"abstract":"Вступ. Стаття презентує результати кроскультурного аналізу проблеми когнітивно˗семантичного моделювання суб’єктивного образу старості в сучасному соціокультурному просторі. Робота була виконана в рамках авторського дослідницького проекту, спрямованого на визначення тенденцій концептуалізації вікових періодів генези буття в мовній свідомості респондентів різних вікових та соціокультурних груп. \u0000Мета статті передбачала виявлення кросскультурних особливостей мовленнєво-розумової об’єктивації концепту «Старість» в мовній картині сучасного інформаційного світу. Предмет дослідження набуває особливої актуальності в умовах демографічного старіння людства. \u0000Методи дослідження. Психолінгвістичний контент дослідження зумовив використання методу концептуального аналізу словникових дефініцій для отримання вихідного переліку інтегрованих значень базового рівня концепту «Старість». Спрямований асоціативний експеримент, контент-аналіз і семантико-інтерпретаційний аналіз даних дозволили окреслити асоціативне поле лексеми-стимулу із зазначенням абсолютної частотності кожного асоціата в площині кросскультурного вимірювання. \u0000Вибірка була представлена різновіковими респондентами (від 17 до 93 років), котрі проживають у країнах із різним рівнем соціокультурної та економічної захищеності старіння (в Україні, США, Швейцарії). \u0000Результати. За результатами вивчення 1845 асоціативних відповідей-реакцій і текстових фрагментів респондентів були виділені одиниці квантифікації семантичного поля досліджуваного концепту: ядро фізіологічний сегмент значень) і периферійна частина (соціокультурний та психологічний сегменти значень). Доведено, що соціокультурний континуум позначення феноменології старості в міжкультурному вимірі мовної картини світу моделює особливу семантичну зону мовної свідомості особистості. \u0000Висновки. Статистично підтверджено, що основні трансформації суб’єктивного образу старості в семантичному просторі мовної особистості відбуваються в сегменті соціокультурних маркерів, який в цілому обумовлює варіативні стратегії старіння особистості. \u0000Отримані результати суттєво доповнюють представлені науковим співтовариством матеріали щодо кросскультурних тенденцій концептуалізації індикаторів старіння людини в сучасному суспільстві.","PeriodicalId":42961,"journal":{"name":"Psycholinguistics","volume":"113 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2021-03-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"80557926","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-04-16DOI: 10.31470/2309-1797-2020-27-1-52-79
S. Dyakov
Objective. Based on the psycholongvistic approach, which is widely represented in world personology and psychosemantics, revealing the subjective descriptive characteristics of a person, an attempt is made to build a model and diagnostic technique for mental personality self-organization (PSO). Material and method. The psycholinguistic method of theoretical structuring and systematization of scientific and theoretical data is presented in the perspective of the subjective paradigm and methodology of the system-synergetic approach (psychological and philosophical) is presented in the construction of a categorical-conceptual model of subjectivity in PSO. Based on the method of categorical-conceptual modeling, a model and methodology for semantic analysis and assessment of subjectness self-organization of personality based on individual characteristics of the experience of social-role identification, reflecting the characteristics of feelings and constructs of understanding that determine the conscious will of the subject, is developed. Results. Psycholinguistic scales of semantic constructs are highlighted of the psychic (functional and motivational) and activity (professional, business, and creative) levels of subjectivity are distinguished. The empirical material reflects the verification of the semantic model and methodology. Modified repertoire lattices by J. Kelly and expert assessment in semantic analysis and classification of constructs served as a method of collecting empirical data. An array of constructs obtained (N=2000) reflects the well-known categorical-conceptual aspects of psychic phenomena (processes-states-properties) and external environmental and sociocultural characteristics, thus revealing the socio-psychological aspects of social-role personality identification, which allows analysis and subjectness assessment. Findings. The presented semantic scales of qualities and personality traits (factors of socio-psychological identification) reveal the systemic relationship and the level structure of the PSO, and also make it possible to assess subjectness.
{"title":"Semantic Representation of Social and Role Identification in Subject Self-Organization of Personality","authors":"S. Dyakov","doi":"10.31470/2309-1797-2020-27-1-52-79","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31470/2309-1797-2020-27-1-52-79","url":null,"abstract":"Objective. Based on the psycholongvistic approach, which is widely represented in world personology and psychosemantics, revealing the subjective descriptive characteristics of a person, an attempt is made to build a model and diagnostic technique for mental personality self-organization (PSO). \u0000Material and method. The psycholinguistic method of theoretical structuring and systematization of scientific and theoretical data is presented in the perspective of the subjective paradigm and methodology of the system-synergetic approach (psychological and philosophical) is presented in the construction of a categorical-conceptual model of subjectivity in PSO. Based on the method of categorical-conceptual modeling, a model and methodology for semantic analysis and assessment of subjectness self-organization of personality based on individual characteristics of the experience of social-role identification, reflecting the characteristics of feelings and constructs of understanding that determine the conscious will of the subject, is developed. \u0000Results. Psycholinguistic scales of semantic constructs are highlighted of the psychic (functional and motivational) and activity (professional, business, and creative) levels of subjectivity are distinguished. The empirical material reflects the verification of the semantic model and methodology. Modified repertoire lattices by J. Kelly and expert assessment in semantic analysis and classification of constructs served as a method of collecting empirical data. An array of constructs obtained (N=2000) reflects the well-known categorical-conceptual aspects of psychic phenomena (processes-states-properties) and external environmental and sociocultural characteristics, thus revealing the socio-psychological aspects of social-role personality identification, which allows analysis and subjectness assessment. Findings. The presented semantic scales of qualities and personality traits (factors of socio-psychological identification) reveal the systemic relationship and the level structure of the PSO, and also make it possible to assess subjectness.","PeriodicalId":42961,"journal":{"name":"Psycholinguistics","volume":"23 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2020-04-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"86489066","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-11-12DOI: 10.31470/2309-1797-2019-26-2-190-207
Анастасія Кузьменко
Objective. The object of studying is the English texts of feature cartoons for children, while its subject is psycholinguistic peculiarity of zoonyms in feature cartoon texts. The main goal of the research is to find out the psycholinguistic organization of zoonyms in the English language feature cartoons for children. The objectives are to classify zoonyms’ origin, to differentiate sphere-sources and motivation of zoonym nomination, to highlight stylistic peculiarities of zoonyms. Materials & Methods. Specific methods and techniques are determined by the purpose and material to be analyzed, such as induction and deduction, analysis and synthesis, abstraction and concretization; longitudinal, processing and interpretation methods; psycholinguistic analysis; method of context-semantic analysis; the procedures of quantitative-qualitative calculations and the method of integral choice. Materials for the research are gathered from Paramount Pictures production, Dream Works animation, Universal Studio, Walt Disney production and the selection is the English feature cartoons for children, such as ‘The Lion King’, ‘Balto’, ‘Kung Fu Panda’, ‘Madagascar’, ‘Alpha and Omega’, ‘Shreck’, ‘Ferdinand’, ‘Puppy Dog pals’, ‘Ice Age’ etc. Results. The article dwells upon the psycholinguistic aspect of zoonyms in the English language feature cartoons for children. In the sense of changing the direction of linguistics from language to speech and communication, it is impossible to consider linguistics excluding the anthropological factors such as mentality, culture, behaviour and development of a man individually and of mankind as a whole. In this paper, the ways of forming a world view of a man are presented, which is also formed by a linguistic world view, fauna is distinguished as an emerging element of knowledge influencing on human’s cognition. Taking into account the fact that the world view about fauna is formed in the person’s mind from the first days of life observing nature, listening to the lullabies, watching cartoons, the object of this study is feature cartoons for children, and the subject is zoonyms. In the course of the research, methods and techniques such as induction and deduction, analysis and synthesis, abstraction and concretization, the method of material sampling, quantitative calculation procedure are used to determine the frequency of this phenomenon usage. As a result, it is found that in the English language feature films for children, the names of the English, Scottish, Spanish, French, Italian, German, Chinese, Latin and Greek origins are used in zoonymy. Spheres-sources of zoonymy are multi-anthroponyms, single anthroponyms, toponyms, names of products, fitonyms and actual names of breeds and classes of animals. Nominative motivation is outlined by external features, behaviour, application of an animal, its breed and class. Stylistic peculiarities of zoonymy in the English language feature cartoons for children are such figures as the
{"title":"Zoonymic Peculiarity in Feature Cartoons for Children","authors":"Анастасія Кузьменко","doi":"10.31470/2309-1797-2019-26-2-190-207","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31470/2309-1797-2019-26-2-190-207","url":null,"abstract":"Objective. The object of studying is the English texts of feature cartoons for children, while its subject is psycholinguistic peculiarity of zoonyms in feature cartoon texts. The main goal of the research is to find out the psycholinguistic organization of zoonyms in the English language feature cartoons for children. The objectives are to classify zoonyms’ origin, to differentiate sphere-sources and motivation of zoonym nomination, to highlight stylistic peculiarities of zoonyms. \u0000Materials & Methods. Specific methods and techniques are determined by the purpose and material to be analyzed, such as induction and deduction, analysis and synthesis, abstraction and concretization; longitudinal, processing and interpretation methods; psycholinguistic analysis; method of context-semantic analysis; the procedures of quantitative-qualitative calculations and the method of integral choice. Materials for the research are gathered from Paramount Pictures production, Dream Works animation, Universal Studio, Walt Disney production and the selection is the English feature cartoons for children, such as ‘The Lion King’, ‘Balto’, ‘Kung Fu Panda’, ‘Madagascar’, ‘Alpha and Omega’, ‘Shreck’, ‘Ferdinand’, ‘Puppy Dog pals’, ‘Ice Age’ etc. \u0000Results. The article dwells upon the psycholinguistic aspect of zoonyms in the English language feature cartoons for children. In the sense of changing the direction of linguistics from language to speech and communication, it is impossible to consider linguistics excluding the anthropological factors such as mentality, culture, behaviour and development of a man individually and of mankind as a whole. In this paper, the ways of forming a world view of a man are presented, which is also formed by a linguistic world view, fauna is distinguished as an emerging element of knowledge influencing on human’s cognition. Taking into account the fact that the world view about fauna is formed in the person’s mind from the first days of life observing nature, listening to the lullabies, watching cartoons, the object of this study is feature cartoons for children, and the subject is zoonyms. In the course of the research, methods and techniques such as induction and deduction, analysis and synthesis, abstraction and concretization, the method of material sampling, quantitative calculation procedure are used to determine the frequency of this phenomenon usage. As a result, it is found that in the English language feature films for children, the names of the English, Scottish, Spanish, French, Italian, German, Chinese, Latin and Greek origins are used in zoonymy. Spheres-sources of zoonymy are multi-anthroponyms, single anthroponyms, toponyms, names of products, fitonyms and actual names of breeds and classes of animals. Nominative motivation is outlined by external features, behaviour, application of an animal, its breed and class. Stylistic peculiarities of zoonymy in the English language feature cartoons for children are such figures as the","PeriodicalId":42961,"journal":{"name":"Psycholinguistics","volume":"199 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2019-11-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"77262115","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-11-12DOI: 10.31470/2309-1797-2019-26-1-37-50
Наталя Афанасьєва, Наталія Світлична, Олександр Шайда
Introduction. Psycholinguistic studies of a man as a linguistic personality open up new opportunities for scientists to develop technologies aimed to explore the role of counseling psychology in the system of psychological assistance in the representations of psychologists. The use of psycholinguistic research methods, in particular, psychosemantics helps to study the origin, structure and functions of the personal system of knowledge and definitions. Aim. The aim of the article is to highlight the research results of word associations of psychologists regarding the role of counseling psychology in the system of psychology practice. Research procedure: the study was conducted using the semantic differential scaling and the method of pairwise comparisons. Representatives of different branches of psychology who work in Ukraine took part in it. Results. It was determined that counseling psychology is a totally independent branch of assistance in the representations of the research subjects. Conclusions: the psycho-semantic research of psychologists’ word associations applyong the semantic differential scaling and the method of pairwise comparisons of all types of psychological therapy according to the criterion of similarity-difference has determined the role of counseling psychology in psychosemantic space. The more the phenomena, stimuli, objects studied are subjectively similar in the generalized psychosemantic space, the closer the indicators of these stimuli are located in the space of signs. Based on such a remote model, subjective data according to the differences of one stimulus from another their mutual arrangement are reconstructed in the space of several signs. The distance between these objects is an indicator of the differences. The research proves that psychological counseling is a totally independent branch of assistance in the representations of the psychologists.
{"title":"Psychosemantic Analysis of Psychologists’ Representations About the Place of Psychological Counseling","authors":"Наталя Афанасьєва, Наталія Світлична, Олександр Шайда","doi":"10.31470/2309-1797-2019-26-1-37-50","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31470/2309-1797-2019-26-1-37-50","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction. Psycholinguistic studies of a man as a linguistic personality open up new opportunities for scientists to develop technologies aimed to explore the role of counseling psychology in the system of psychological assistance in the representations of psychologists. The use of psycholinguistic research methods, in particular, psychosemantics helps to study the origin, structure and functions of the personal system of knowledge and definitions. \u0000Aim. The aim of the article is to highlight the research results of word associations of psychologists regarding the role of counseling psychology in the system of psychology practice. \u0000Research procedure: the study was conducted using the semantic differential scaling and the method of pairwise comparisons. Representatives of different branches of psychology who work in Ukraine took part in it. \u0000Results. It was determined that counseling psychology is a totally independent branch of assistance in the representations of the research subjects. \u0000Conclusions: the psycho-semantic research of psychologists’ word associations applyong the semantic differential scaling and the method of pairwise comparisons of all types of psychological therapy according to the criterion of similarity-difference has determined the role of counseling psychology in psychosemantic space. The more the phenomena, stimuli, objects studied are subjectively similar in the generalized psychosemantic space, the closer the indicators of these stimuli are located in the space of signs. Based on such a remote model, subjective data according to the differences of one stimulus from another their mutual arrangement are reconstructed in the space of several signs. The distance between these objects is an indicator of the differences. The research proves that psychological counseling is a totally independent branch of assistance in the representations of the psychologists.","PeriodicalId":42961,"journal":{"name":"Psycholinguistics","volume":"15 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2019-11-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"84863772","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-11-12DOI: 10.31470/2309-1797-2019-26-2-278-295
Людмила Марчук, Олег Анатолійович Рарицький
Aim of the research. To describe objective and subjective factors of language semantic interpretation of gradation thinking content (psychological and linguistic aspects in gradation semantics). Research methods. The article describes the foundations of distinguishing functional and semantic gradation category in the Ukrainian language which is reflected in the units of different levels. The linguistic cognitive character of the investigation is proved within these notions, as one of the principle tasks of the work is to determine mental anthropocentric and psychological factors of emerging gradation utterances in the Ukrainian language, which demonstrate the unity of linguistics and psychology, language and speech. The methodology consisted in comparing the materials of gradation in different levels, carrying out hypothetic modeling of the gradation scale on the basis of functioning gradation verbal markers, determining psychological foundations for gradation functioning in the individual picture of the world. The interaction of the objective (conceptual world of the gradated O) and the subjective (emotional and intellectual sphere of the gradator S) worlds creates the gradation fragment in a language, its orientation concerning the gradation dimension (O – object, S – subject of gradation). Results. The investigation of the motivation, semantic accentuation and communicators character, i.e. the inner world of the speaker and listener, text author and reader, enabled to code and decode the information given in the text. For decoding we identified the gradation units and explicated them on the sentence (text) level, distinguished pragmatic structures with redundant information. Thus the problem of certain stereotypes as the norm of environment perception, deviations from the norm was partially solved and the possibilities of reconstructing the quality characteristics of the language world picture were expanded. Conclusion. The choice of the verbal implementation for gradation category is carried out by the author of the communication act, it is subordinated to particular psychological regularities, which are general for human language but mentally individual concerning the communicator personality and individual language picture of the world.
{"title":"Psycholinguistic Preconditions of Gradation Functioning in the Individual World Picture","authors":"Людмила Марчук, Олег Анатолійович Рарицький","doi":"10.31470/2309-1797-2019-26-2-278-295","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31470/2309-1797-2019-26-2-278-295","url":null,"abstract":"Aim of the research. To describe objective and subjective factors of language semantic interpretation of gradation thinking content (psychological and linguistic aspects in gradation semantics). \u0000Research methods. The article describes the foundations of distinguishing functional and semantic gradation category in the Ukrainian language which is reflected in the units of different levels. The linguistic cognitive character of the investigation is proved within these notions, as one of the principle tasks of the work is to determine mental anthropocentric and psychological factors of emerging gradation utterances in the Ukrainian language, which demonstrate the unity of linguistics and psychology, language and speech. The methodology consisted in comparing the materials of gradation in different levels, carrying out hypothetic modeling of the gradation scale on the basis of functioning gradation verbal markers, determining psychological foundations for gradation functioning in the individual picture of the world. The interaction of the objective (conceptual world of the gradated O) and the subjective (emotional and intellectual sphere of the gradator S) worlds creates the gradation fragment in a language, its orientation concerning the gradation dimension (O – object, S – subject of gradation). \u0000Results. The investigation of the motivation, semantic accentuation and communicators character, i.e. the inner world of the speaker and listener, text author and reader, enabled to code and decode the information given in the text. For decoding we identified the gradation units and explicated them on the sentence (text) level, distinguished pragmatic structures with redundant information. Thus the problem of certain stereotypes as the norm of environment perception, deviations from the norm was partially solved and the possibilities of reconstructing the quality characteristics of the language world picture were expanded. \u0000Conclusion. The choice of the verbal implementation for gradation category is carried out by the author of the communication act, it is subordinated to particular psychological regularities, which are general for human language but mentally individual concerning the communicator personality and individual language picture of the world.","PeriodicalId":42961,"journal":{"name":"Psycholinguistics","volume":"37 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2019-11-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"73744403","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-11-12DOI: 10.31470/2309-1797-2019-26-2-91-113
Маргарита Дорофеєва, Тетяна Андрущенко
The article deals with the category of informational entropy in the source text as a matter of translation psycholinguistics. The informational entropy of the lexical units on different levels in the source text refers to subjective factors that reduce the translation quality. Lexical units-carriers of the source text’s informational entropy cause informational deficits in the translator’s consciousness. The aim of the search is to consider the category of informational entropy from the standpoint of psycholinguistics and cognitive translation theory, identify the causes of informational entropy, establish linguistic and genre-stylistic markers of the lexical entropy units in the source text, identify ways to minimize entropy in the specialized translation. The research procedure involves a psycholinguistic experiment with the participation of 85 informants with semi-professional translation status. The participants produced a German-Ukrainian translation of a specialized text, in which the number of lexical units contained informational entropy as a percentage of the total words’ number was 17.9%. The results of the translation’s comparative analysis indicate similar psycholinguistic mechanisms for understanding lexical units with informational entropy, leading to false translation solutions in the target texts. Such mechanisms include an incorrect choice of the translation method and a lack of attention to the extralinguistic information in the source text. The conclusions of the psycholinguistic experiment confirm the universal nature of the informational entropy, resulting in translation quality degradation. The psycholinguistic factor for the false translation solutions is an automatic suppression the contextual meaning of the source text’s lexical item by its subject-logical meaning in the translator’s mind, realized in the incorrect choice of the translation method.
{"title":"Information Entropy in Translation: Psycholinguistic Aspects","authors":"Маргарита Дорофеєва, Тетяна Андрущенко","doi":"10.31470/2309-1797-2019-26-2-91-113","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31470/2309-1797-2019-26-2-91-113","url":null,"abstract":"The article deals with the category of informational entropy in the source text as a matter of translation psycholinguistics. The informational entropy of the lexical units on different levels in the source text refers to subjective factors that reduce the translation quality. Lexical units-carriers of the source text’s informational entropy cause informational deficits in the translator’s consciousness. \u0000The aim of the search is to consider the category of informational entropy from the standpoint of psycholinguistics and cognitive translation theory, identify the causes of informational entropy, establish linguistic and genre-stylistic markers of the lexical entropy units in the source text, identify ways to minimize entropy in the specialized translation. \u0000The research procedure involves a psycholinguistic experiment with the participation of 85 informants with semi-professional translation status. The participants produced a German-Ukrainian translation of a specialized text, in which the number of lexical units contained informational entropy as a percentage of the total words’ number was 17.9%. \u0000The results of the translation’s comparative analysis indicate similar psycholinguistic mechanisms for understanding lexical units with informational entropy, leading to false translation solutions in the target texts. Such mechanisms include an incorrect choice of the translation method and a lack of attention to the extralinguistic information in the source text. \u0000The conclusions of the psycholinguistic experiment confirm the universal nature of the informational entropy, resulting in translation quality degradation. The psycholinguistic factor for the false translation solutions is an automatic suppression the contextual meaning of the source text’s lexical item by its subject-logical meaning in the translator’s mind, realized in the incorrect choice of the translation method.","PeriodicalId":42961,"journal":{"name":"Psycholinguistics","volume":"48 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2019-11-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"76932518","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-11-12DOI: 10.31470/2309-1797-2019-26-2-260-277
Мирослава Мамич
Research aim is to identify the phenomena of verbal vulgarization of children’s cartoon discourse, to determine their functional-semantic loads and registers of reduced emotional evaluation, as well as the main socio-cultural types of corporate vulgar behavior. Research Methods. The study of the vulgarization of children’s media content was carried out with the help of: a) theoretical methods, b) psycholinguistic empirical methods – discourse-analysis of vulgarized dialogical situations; questionnaire related to the testing of registers of dialogical situations in cinema texts among the audience of student’s youth (80 humanitarian students (specialty “Journalism”) of the National University “Odesa Law Academy” aged 17-20 years). Results. The didactic role of animated cinema texts in the formation of media culture is noted. It was proposed the practical analysis of the modern children’s cartoons language in the context of the systematization of markers of affective vulgarity, such as slangisms, jargonisms, elements of common language, obscenisms. On the basis of a survey and psycholinguistic experiment, a stylistic evaluation of the perception of the selected lexical-phraseological material as such that contains the connotation “vulgarity” was confirmed, the attitude of the young generation of viewers to vulgarized cinema text was revealed. Conclusions. Among the main conclusions we may note that as a result of language vulgarization of modern consciousness, in particular children, the so-called conceptual sphere of human activity is changing. The new generation of viewers is focused on low, coarse communication, on the weakening of the feeling of beautiful, on the positive perception of the appropriate aesthetics of everyday life. According to the results of the questionnaire, these cinema texts are perceived neutral by 55 students, positively – 21 students, negatively – 4 students. The language of cartoon characters, which represent certain social groups of real society, is seen as the norm for any situation, and grumpiness, disrespect, psycho-emotional imbalance are seen as their “organic” color. Therefore, the majority, or the vast majority of the respondents, correlated the lexical-phraseological units as jargon that is, acceptable in the youth environment. Modern foreign animation that is presented as translated cinema text, loses the important function of being a mediadidactive source, that is, the medium of producing patterns of individual and collective linguistic behavior.
{"title":"The Vulgarization of the Language of a Children’s Multiplication Text as a Psycholinguistic Problem","authors":"Мирослава Мамич","doi":"10.31470/2309-1797-2019-26-2-260-277","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31470/2309-1797-2019-26-2-260-277","url":null,"abstract":"Research aim is to identify the phenomena of verbal vulgarization of children’s cartoon discourse, to determine their functional-semantic loads and registers of reduced emotional evaluation, as well as the main socio-cultural types of corporate vulgar behavior. \u0000Research Methods. The study of the vulgarization of children’s media content was carried out with the help of: a) theoretical methods, b) psycholinguistic empirical methods – discourse-analysis of vulgarized dialogical situations; questionnaire related to the testing of registers of dialogical situations in cinema texts among the audience of student’s youth (80 humanitarian students (specialty “Journalism”) of the National University “Odesa Law Academy” aged 17-20 years). \u0000Results. The didactic role of animated cinema texts in the formation of media culture is noted. It was proposed the practical analysis of the modern children’s cartoons language in the context of the systematization of markers of affective vulgarity, such as slangisms, jargonisms, elements of common language, obscenisms. On the basis of a survey and psycholinguistic experiment, a stylistic evaluation of the perception of the selected lexical-phraseological material as such that contains the connotation “vulgarity” was confirmed, the attitude of the young generation of viewers to vulgarized cinema text was revealed. \u0000Conclusions. Among the main conclusions we may note that as a result of language vulgarization of modern consciousness, in particular children, the so-called conceptual sphere of human activity is changing. The new generation of viewers is focused on low, coarse communication, on the weakening of the feeling of beautiful, on the positive perception of the appropriate aesthetics of everyday life. According to the results of the questionnaire, these cinema texts are perceived neutral by 55 students, positively – 21 students, negatively – 4 students. The language of cartoon characters, which represent certain social groups of real society, is seen as the norm for any situation, and grumpiness, disrespect, psycho-emotional imbalance are seen as their “organic” color. Therefore, the majority, or the vast majority of the respondents, correlated the lexical-phraseological units as jargon that is, acceptable in the youth environment. Modern foreign animation that is presented as translated cinema text, loses the important function of being a mediadidactive source, that is, the medium of producing patterns of individual and collective linguistic behavior.","PeriodicalId":42961,"journal":{"name":"Psycholinguistics","volume":"90 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2019-11-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"83926880","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-11-12DOI: 10.31470/2309-1797-2019-26-2-243-259
Марія Личук
Objective. In the article the subject of the analysis is semi-phraseologized sentences with the value of an ironic negation. The purpose of the article is to characterize the specificity of semantic subtypes of semi-phraseologized sentences with the meaning of ironic negation as psycholinguistic units, to define their functions in the system of hierarchical relations «holistic act of speech activity – speech actions». Materials & Methods. In the article such methods are used as: descriptive method were used to characterize the components in the phras-scheme of semi-praseologized sentences, the modeling method – to create models of semi-praseologized sentences of ironically negation type. The associative experiment method has made it possible to find out the semantic characteristics of subtypes of ironically negation semi-phraseologized sentences in speech, to determine their expressive potential in different communicative situations. Results. The basis of semi-phraseologized sentences of the modern Ukrainian language is the phraseologized structural scheme, on which the fixed meaning does not depend on the specific lexical filling of structural components, since this value is idiomatic. The means of explicit manifestation of ironic negation in semi-phraseologized sentences are described. The mechanism of structuring such sentences is disclosed, one of their qualification features – stability has been analyzed and the effect on this feature of the morphological expression of the constant and variable components of the phrase-schemes is investigated. Interpretation of the semantics of semi-phraseologized sentences may be accompanied by some difficulties. In artistic text, this question compensates for the context, then dialogic speech does not always have enough questions and answers of the participants in the dialogue to perceive the idea adequately. Therefore, the meaning of a semi-phraseologized sentence is based on the speakers' background knowledge, associative parallels that the speaker can use. The author suggests to consider semi-phraseologized sentences as psycholinguistic units. The ordering of different semantic types and subtypes of semi-phraseologized sentences contributes to the optimality of speech, in particular, the dialogic conversational, adequate expression of thought, with the support on the thinking processes of the speaker, realizing it as the active subject of the communication process. Conclusions. The connotative shades in semantics of the ironic negation of semi-phraseologized sentences are traced. The means of expression of semi-phraseologized sentences with ironic negation, in particular the emphasis of the anaphoric modal component, are found. The implicit means of the ironic negation are determined: exclamation intonation, fixed sequence of components and the presence of the phraseologized connectivite complex.
{"title":"Semantics of Ironical Negation in Structure Semi-Phraseologized Sentences: Through the Prism of Psycholinguistic Peculiarities of Speech Activity","authors":"Марія Личук","doi":"10.31470/2309-1797-2019-26-2-243-259","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31470/2309-1797-2019-26-2-243-259","url":null,"abstract":"Objective. In the article the subject of the analysis is semi-phraseologized sentences with the value of an ironic negation. The purpose of the article is to characterize the specificity of semantic subtypes of semi-phraseologized sentences with the meaning of ironic negation as psycholinguistic units, to define their functions in the system of hierarchical relations «holistic act of speech activity – speech actions». \u0000Materials & Methods. In the article such methods are used as: descriptive method were used to characterize the components in the phras-scheme of semi-praseologized sentences, the modeling method – to create models of semi-praseologized sentences of ironically negation type. The associative experiment method has made it possible to find out the semantic characteristics of subtypes of ironically negation semi-phraseologized sentences in speech, to determine their expressive potential in different communicative situations. \u0000Results. The basis of semi-phraseologized sentences of the modern Ukrainian language is the phraseologized structural scheme, on which the fixed meaning does not depend on the specific lexical filling of structural components, since this value is idiomatic. The means of explicit manifestation of ironic negation in semi-phraseologized sentences are described. The mechanism of structuring such sentences is disclosed, one of their qualification features – stability has been analyzed and the effect on this feature of the morphological expression of the constant and variable components of the phrase-schemes is investigated. Interpretation of the semantics of semi-phraseologized sentences may be accompanied by some difficulties. In artistic text, this question compensates for the context, then dialogic speech does not always have enough questions and answers of the participants in the dialogue to perceive the idea adequately. Therefore, the meaning of a semi-phraseologized sentence is based on the speakers' background knowledge, associative parallels that the speaker can use. The author suggests to consider semi-phraseologized sentences as psycholinguistic units. The ordering of different semantic types and subtypes of semi-phraseologized sentences contributes to the optimality of speech, in particular, the dialogic conversational, adequate expression of thought, with the support on the thinking processes of the speaker, realizing it as the active subject of the communication process. \u0000Conclusions. The connotative shades in semantics of the ironic negation of semi-phraseologized sentences are traced. The means of expression of semi-phraseologized sentences with ironic negation, in particular the emphasis of the anaphoric modal component, are found. The implicit means of the ironic negation are determined: exclamation intonation, fixed sequence of components and the presence of the phraseologized connectivite complex.","PeriodicalId":42961,"journal":{"name":"Psycholinguistics","volume":"33 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2019-11-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"73970397","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-11-12DOI: 10.31470/2309-1797-2019-26-2-114-134
Сергій Засєкін
Traditionally, translation is viewed as a reliable shield over linguistic diversity, one of the ways to ensure a target language survival. However, translation is also reported to distort a translated language due to introducing ‘the third code’ (Frawley, 1984) features. These “deforming tendencies” (Berman, 1985) destroy the translated language by erasing its natural pattern and by adding there a bundle of alien features that cause its lexical, syntactical, and stylistic deficiencies. The current study is aimed at detecting those destructive features treated in translation studies as “translation universals” (Chesterman, 2004). To this end, a psycholinguistic analysis was held to establish the use of language which is not the result of intentional, controlled processes and of which translators may not be aware. These subliminal translation-inherent processes can be traced in the use of function words that encode procedural meaning. Relevance Theory (Wilson & Sperber, 1993) explains a conceptual-procedural distinction as a major distinction made between two types of linguistically encoded information. Conceptual information expressed by content words is viewed as encoding concepts whereas words with procedural meaning contribute to the derivation of implicatures, certain ways of processing propositions. Discourse connectives, conjunctions, prepositions, particles, pronouns, modal words constitute that group of function words with procedural meaning. To uncover certain variations in the use of these linguistic units, a parallel English-Ukrainian corpus made up of an 8,000-character excerpt from Franny by J.D. Salinger, its professional translation, and forty novice translators’ target versions, was compiled. The corpus data were processed by Textanz and SPSS computerized tools. The results of the psycholinguistic analysis proved that the Ukrainian versions as contrasted to the original text contained the following S-universals: implicitation expressed through the shortage of discourse markers of global coherence, simplification due to the lack of personal pronouns, decreased mean number of words per sentence, and greater number of sentences; normalization embodied in vernacular network impoverishment due to the decreased amount of pragmatic markers and fillers, explicitation due to higher lexical variety and density rates, and rationalization as a result of abundant marking of discourse relations. Conclusions. Taken together, these findings have significant implications for the understanding of how procedural information processing by novice translators is manifested in translation.
{"title":"Investigating Cognitive and Psycholinguistic Features of Translation Universals","authors":"Сергій Засєкін","doi":"10.31470/2309-1797-2019-26-2-114-134","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31470/2309-1797-2019-26-2-114-134","url":null,"abstract":"Traditionally, translation is viewed as a reliable shield over linguistic diversity, one of the ways to ensure a target language survival. However, translation is also reported to distort a translated language due to introducing ‘the third code’ (Frawley, 1984) features. These “deforming tendencies” (Berman, 1985) destroy the translated language by erasing its natural pattern and by adding there a bundle of alien features that cause its lexical, syntactical, and stylistic deficiencies. The current study is aimed at detecting those destructive features treated in translation studies as “translation universals” (Chesterman, 2004). To this end, a psycholinguistic analysis was held to establish the use of language which is not the result of intentional, controlled processes and of which translators may not be aware. These subliminal translation-inherent processes can be traced in the use of function words that encode procedural meaning. Relevance Theory (Wilson & Sperber, 1993) explains a conceptual-procedural distinction as a major distinction made between two types of linguistically encoded information. Conceptual information expressed by content words is viewed as encoding concepts whereas words with procedural meaning contribute to the derivation of implicatures, certain ways of processing propositions. Discourse connectives, conjunctions, prepositions, particles, pronouns, modal words constitute that group of function words with procedural meaning. To uncover certain variations in the use of these linguistic units, a parallel English-Ukrainian corpus made up of an 8,000-character excerpt from Franny by J.D. Salinger, its professional translation, and forty novice translators’ target versions, was compiled. \u0000The corpus data were processed by Textanz and SPSS computerized tools. \u0000The results of the psycholinguistic analysis proved that the Ukrainian versions as contrasted to the original text contained the following S-universals: implicitation expressed through the shortage of discourse markers of global coherence, simplification due to the lack of personal pronouns, decreased mean number of words per sentence, and greater number of sentences; normalization embodied in vernacular network impoverishment due to the decreased amount of pragmatic markers and fillers, explicitation due to higher lexical variety and density rates, and rationalization as a result of abundant marking of discourse relations. \u0000Conclusions. Taken together, these findings have significant implications for the understanding of how procedural information processing by novice translators is manifested in translation.","PeriodicalId":42961,"journal":{"name":"Psycholinguistics","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2019-11-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"90441957","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-11-12DOI: 10.31470/2309-1797-2019-26-1-342-362
Наталія Фоміна
Introduction. The article is devoted to the actual psycholinguistic problem of reflecting in the various parameters of speech the features of a linguistic personality. Since speech is a unity of social, i.e. language as a sign system, and a unique individual – a subjective form of reflection of the objective reality and the way of formation and formulation of thought (Winter), which is determined by the motivational, dynamic, emotional, regulatory, cognitive characteristics of a linguistic personality, according to the author, a holistic study of all its stable communicative-speech and psychological properties, include their individual typological manifestations. The article presents the results of empirical studies of manifestations in speech of the individual typological features of various aspects of a linguistic personality, performed by N.A. Fomina and under her leadership, which allows to give a full and deep description of the personality. Methods and Techniques. The author’s method of multilevel, multicomponent analysis of the utterance as a product of individual speech activity involves considering not only the linguistic, speech, content-semantic characteristics of the text, but also the representation of the most important psychological (motivational-targeted, emotional, regulatory-volitional, cognitive, dynamic) characteristics of the subjects of speaking. Results. This article reveals the features of the reflection in speech of typological manifestations of the activity, interhemispheric asymmetry, the originality of intelligence, semantic sphere, value orientations, various types of self-regulation, the organization of initiative, sociability and perseverance, expressing the integral essence of the personality. Conclusions. The specific manifestations of the individual typological features of linguistic personality described in the article, primarily due to the specifics of the activity, orientation and self-regulation, open up great opportunities for speech diagnosis.
介绍。本文致力于从言语的各种参数中反映语言人格特征的实际心理语言学问题。由于言语是社会的统一体，即语言作为一种符号系统，是一个独特的个体，是客观现实的主观反映形式和思想的形成和表述方式(Winter)，这是由一个语言人格的动机、动态、情感、调节、认知等特征决定的，作者认为，对其所有稳定的交际言语和心理特性进行整体研究。包括他们各自的类型表现。本文介绍了由na . a . Fomina在她的领导下对语言人格各个方面的个体类型学特征在言语中的表现进行实证研究的结果，从而可以对人格进行全面而深刻的描述。方法和技术。作者将话语作为个体言语活动的产物进行多层次、多成分分析的方法不仅考虑了语篇的语言、言语、内容-语义特征，而且还考虑了说话主体最重要的心理特征(动机-目标、情感、调节-意志、认知、动态)的表征。结果。本文揭示了言语反映的特点:活动性的类型学表现、半球间的不对称性、智力的原创性、语义范围、价值取向、各种类型的自我调节、主动性、社会性和持久性的组织，表达了人格的整体本质。结论。文中所描述的语言人格个体类型特征的具体表现，主要是由于活动、取向和自我调节的特殊性，为言语诊断提供了很大的机会。
{"title":"Reflection in Speech of the Individual-Typological Features of Language Personality","authors":"Наталія Фоміна","doi":"10.31470/2309-1797-2019-26-1-342-362","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31470/2309-1797-2019-26-1-342-362","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction. The article is devoted to the actual psycholinguistic problem of reflecting in the various parameters of speech the features of a linguistic personality. Since speech is a unity of social, i.e. language as a sign system, and a unique individual – a subjective form of reflection of the objective reality and the way of formation and formulation of thought (Winter), which is determined by the motivational, dynamic, emotional, regulatory, cognitive characteristics of a linguistic personality, according to the author, a holistic study of all its stable communicative-speech and psychological properties, include their individual typological manifestations. The article presents the results of empirical studies of manifestations in speech of the individual typological features of various aspects of a linguistic personality, performed by N.A. Fomina and under her leadership, which allows to give a full and deep description of the personality. \u0000Methods and Techniques. The author’s method of multilevel, multicomponent analysis of the utterance as a product of individual speech activity involves considering not only the linguistic, speech, content-semantic characteristics of the text, but also the representation of the most important psychological (motivational-targeted, emotional, regulatory-volitional, cognitive, dynamic) characteristics of the subjects of speaking. \u0000Results. This article reveals the features of the reflection in speech of typological manifestations of the activity, interhemispheric asymmetry, the originality of intelligence, semantic sphere, value orientations, various types of self-regulation, the organization of initiative, sociability and perseverance, expressing the integral essence of the personality. \u0000Conclusions. The specific manifestations of the individual typological features of linguistic personality described in the article, primarily due to the specifics of the activity, orientation and self-regulation, open up great opportunities for speech diagnosis.","PeriodicalId":42961,"journal":{"name":"Psycholinguistics","volume":"38 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2019-11-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"82047300","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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