Pub Date : 2023-11-15DOI: 10.31470/2309-1797-2023-34-2-156-183
L. Chernovaty, Martin Djovčoš, Natalia Kovalchuk
Introduction. The aim of this first research in the Slovak-English language pair, is to establish the impact of the source-text (ST) syntactic structure on the target-text (TT) quality and its delivery in sight translation (SiT), as well as to identify the problems the interpreter students have in it, and the strategies they apply to solve them. Procedure. The participants, six Slovak graduate university students, sight-translated a non-specialized 250-word text from Slovak into English. The ST structure was deliberately changed in the way that, while remaining within the source-language norms, it considerably differed from the structure of the normative version of its English translation. If the structure of a specific student's TT was close to that of the ST, it was considered an evidence of the surface-oriented strategy (SurfOS), while the ST structure transformation was viewed as an indication of a sense-oriented strategy (SensOS). Results. The syntactic similarity in the two languages facilitates anticipation and replication of the ST syntactic structures in the TT. However, SurfOS does not dominate in the composition of the participants’ translation competence. When the unsuitability of the ST structure for its transfer to the TT is obvious, most of the participants use the SensOS, which requires the transformation of the ST structure. The complicated ST syntactic structure has a negative impact upon the students’ anticipation mechanism and their processing capacity. It results in a higher short-term memory load, because of the need to retain the ST information before reformulating it in the TT. The transformation effort imposes additional limits on the overall utterance control effort. It results in unmotivated pauses, backtracking, omissions, distortion of the ST information in the TT, and the inability to simultaneously control the transformation of the structure, preservation of the ST meaning and compliance with the target-language norms. Conclusion. The ST syntactic complexity is a factor influencing the SiT efficiency. The research results also confirm the authors’ hypothesis that the lack of the required processing capacity for coping with syntactic discrepancies between the ST and TT is one of the principle difficulties the interpreters face in SiT.
简介本研究是在斯洛伐克语-英语语言对中进行的首次研究，旨在确定源文本（ST）句法结构对目标文本（TT）质量的影响以及目标文本在视译（SiT）中的表达方式，同时找出口译学生在视译中遇到的问题以及解决这些问题的策略。 研究过程参与者是六名斯洛伐克籍大学生研究生，他们将一篇 250 个单词的非专业文章从斯洛伐克语视译为英语。斯洛伐克语的结构被刻意改变，在保持源语言规范的前提下，与英语翻译规范版本的结构大相径庭。如果特定学生的 TT 结构与 ST 结构相近，则被视为表层导向策略（SurfOS）的证据，而 ST 结构的转变则被视为感官导向策略（SensOS）的迹象。 研究结果两种语言的句法相似性有助于在 TT 中预测和复制 ST 句法结构。然而，SurfOS 在参与者的翻译能力构成中并不占主导地位。当 ST 结构明显不适合转入 TT 时，大多数学员会使用 SensOS，这就需要对 ST 结构进行转换。复杂的 ST 句法结构对学员的预测机制和处理能力产生了负面影响。由于需要先保留 ST 信息，然后再在 TT 中重新表述，因此短期记忆负荷较大。转换工作对整个语篇控制工作造成了额外的限制。它导致无动机停顿、回溯、遗漏、语篇信息在目的语中失真，以及无法同时控制结构转换、保留语篇意义和遵守目的语规范。 结论ST 句法复杂性是影响 SiT 效率的一个因素。研究结果也证实了作者的假设，即缺乏应对 ST 和 TT 句法差异所需的处理能力是口译员在 SiT 中面临的主要困难之一。
{"title":"The Impact of the Source-Text Syntactic Characteristics on the Sight-Translation Strategies and Quality","authors":"L. Chernovaty, Martin Djovčoš, Natalia Kovalchuk","doi":"10.31470/2309-1797-2023-34-2-156-183","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31470/2309-1797-2023-34-2-156-183","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction. The aim of this first research in the Slovak-English language pair, is to establish the impact of the source-text (ST) syntactic structure on the target-text (TT) quality and its delivery in sight translation (SiT), as well as to identify the problems the interpreter students have in it, and the strategies they apply to solve them. Procedure. The participants, six Slovak graduate university students, sight-translated a non-specialized 250-word text from Slovak into English. The ST structure was deliberately changed in the way that, while remaining within the source-language norms, it considerably differed from the structure of the normative version of its English translation. If the structure of a specific student's TT was close to that of the ST, it was considered an evidence of the surface-oriented strategy (SurfOS), while the ST structure transformation was viewed as an indication of a sense-oriented strategy (SensOS). Results. The syntactic similarity in the two languages facilitates anticipation and replication of the ST syntactic structures in the TT. However, SurfOS does not dominate in the composition of the participants’ translation competence. When the unsuitability of the ST structure for its transfer to the TT is obvious, most of the participants use the SensOS, which requires the transformation of the ST structure. The complicated ST syntactic structure has a negative impact upon the students’ anticipation mechanism and their processing capacity. It results in a higher short-term memory load, because of the need to retain the ST information before reformulating it in the TT. The transformation effort imposes additional limits on the overall utterance control effort. It results in unmotivated pauses, backtracking, omissions, distortion of the ST information in the TT, and the inability to simultaneously control the transformation of the structure, preservation of the ST meaning and compliance with the target-language norms. Conclusion. The ST syntactic complexity is a factor influencing the SiT efficiency. The research results also confirm the authors’ hypothesis that the lack of the required processing capacity for coping with syntactic discrepancies between the ST and TT is one of the principle difficulties the interpreters face in SiT.","PeriodicalId":42961,"journal":{"name":"Psycholinguistics","volume":"147 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2023-11-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139274011","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-10-30DOI: 10.31470/2309-1797-2023-34-1-173-203
V. Shymko
Мета. Розгляд специфіки застосування методу незакінчених речень в міждисциплінарному дослідженні соціально-демографічних та лінгвокультурних особливостей на прикладі з’ясування особистісних чинників колабораціонізму. Методики дослідження. Концепт дослідження розроблено та реалізовано на основі системного розуміння поведінки як складної та багаторівневої взаємодії суб’єкта із середовищем. А саме, використано теоретичні положення структурно-онтологічної методології соціальних, гуманітарних та поведінкових наук. На вказаних засадах розроблено опитувальник “Особливості мого світогляду”, до якого окрім традиційних соціологічних критеріїв включено запитання щодо поведінкових звичок та різноманітних світоглядних особливості респондентів. Окремим блоком в опитувальник інтегровано десять стемів незакінчених речень. Дослідженням охоплено дві групи – експериментальна (58 суб’єктів пробації, засуджених за колабораційну діяльність) та контрольна (388 працівників уповноважених органів та підрозділів з питань пробації). Результати. Узагальнений соціально-демографічний профіль колаборанта поряд з низьким рівнем достатку і освіти, включає проблемне здоров’я та тенденцію нехтувати спортом і фізичною культурою. Поєднання перелічених чинників експериментальної групи є ознакою тенденції щодо більш низького рівня соціального благополуччя порівняно із характеристиками контрольної групи. У колаборантів виявлено тенденцію щодо психологічного дистанціювання від національно-культурного простору України. Ця особливість була ретельно досліджена за допомогою використання методу незакінчених речень, п’ять з яких виявили суттєві статистично значущі відмінності в досліджуваних групах. Висновки. Метод незакінчених дозволяє суттєво поглибити розуміння та конкретизувати гіпотези, зроблені за допомогою інших методів. Зокрема, соціально-демографічний індикатор психологічного дистанціювання колаборантів від соціуму пояснюється світоглядними відмінностями досліджуваних – ціннісний егоцентризм колаборантів та, як наслідок, брак соціально-відповідальної взаємодії з суспільством. Соціальна реабілітація повинна передбачати поглиблення ступеню соціальної залученості колаборантів, яка здебільшого обмежується близько-родинним колом. Більшість досліджених колаборантів не виявили концепту «омріяного майбутнього». Образ прийдешнього, як правило, зводиться до вузького егоцентричного змісту у вигляді простого покращення поточної соціально-побутової ситуації людини. Більшість колаборантів є носіями світоглядної ідеї щодо соціальної лояльності. Однак, ця ідея не трансформується в патріотичну проукраїнську позицію через відсутність у колаборантів суспільної залученості в результаті ціннісного інфантилізму. Отже основні напрямки соціальної реабілітації пов’язані з ціннісною диференціацією колаборантів, а також розвитком в них емоційного інтелекту.
{"title":"Метод незакінчених речень в міждисциплінарному дослідженні соціально-демографічних та лінгвокультурних особливостей засуджених за колабораційну діяльність","authors":"V. Shymko","doi":"10.31470/2309-1797-2023-34-1-173-203","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31470/2309-1797-2023-34-1-173-203","url":null,"abstract":"Мета. Розгляд специфіки застосування методу незакінчених речень в міждисциплінарному дослідженні соціально-демографічних та лінгвокультурних особливостей на прикладі з’ясування особистісних чинників колабораціонізму. Методики дослідження. Концепт дослідження розроблено та реалізовано на основі системного розуміння поведінки як складної та багаторівневої взаємодії суб’єкта із середовищем. А саме, використано теоретичні положення структурно-онтологічної методології соціальних, гуманітарних та поведінкових наук. На вказаних засадах розроблено опитувальник “Особливості мого світогляду”, до якого окрім традиційних соціологічних критеріїв включено запитання щодо поведінкових звичок та різноманітних світоглядних особливості респондентів. Окремим блоком в опитувальник інтегровано десять стемів незакінчених речень. Дослідженням охоплено дві групи – експериментальна (58 суб’єктів пробації, засуджених за колабораційну діяльність) та контрольна (388 працівників уповноважених органів та підрозділів з питань пробації). Результати. Узагальнений соціально-демографічний профіль колаборанта поряд з низьким рівнем достатку і освіти, включає проблемне здоров’я та тенденцію нехтувати спортом і фізичною культурою. Поєднання перелічених чинників експериментальної групи є ознакою тенденції щодо більш низького рівня соціального благополуччя порівняно із характеристиками контрольної групи. У колаборантів виявлено тенденцію щодо психологічного дистанціювання від національно-культурного простору України. Ця особливість була ретельно досліджена за допомогою використання методу незакінчених речень, п’ять з яких виявили суттєві статистично значущі відмінності в досліджуваних групах. Висновки. Метод незакінчених дозволяє суттєво поглибити розуміння та конкретизувати гіпотези, зроблені за допомогою інших методів. Зокрема, соціально-демографічний індикатор психологічного дистанціювання колаборантів від соціуму пояснюється світоглядними відмінностями досліджуваних – ціннісний егоцентризм колаборантів та, як наслідок, брак соціально-відповідальної взаємодії з суспільством. Соціальна реабілітація повинна передбачати поглиблення ступеню соціальної залученості колаборантів, яка здебільшого обмежується близько-родинним колом. Більшість досліджених колаборантів не виявили концепту «омріяного майбутнього». Образ прийдешнього, як правило, зводиться до вузького егоцентричного змісту у вигляді простого покращення поточної соціально-побутової ситуації людини. Більшість колаборантів є носіями світоглядної ідеї щодо соціальної лояльності. Однак, ця ідея не трансформується в патріотичну проукраїнську позицію через відсутність у колаборантів суспільної залученості в результаті ціннісного інфантилізму. Отже основні напрямки соціальної реабілітації пов’язані з ціннісною диференціацією колаборантів, а також розвитком в них емоційного інтелекту.","PeriodicalId":42961,"journal":{"name":"Psycholinguistics","volume":"11 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2023-10-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139310071","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-10-30DOI: 10.31470/2309-1797-2023-34-1-111-128
Yuliya Krylova-Grek, O. Korniyaka
The article covers the Ukrainian experience of the of integrating a psycholinguistic component into media and information education,which we consider as one of the most important elements of the information security control system in the media space. The psycholinguistic component aims at providing special knowledge and skills for analysing linguistic means and non-linguistic tools used in the media to enhance the impact on the reader’s world view (media and information literacy), identifying fraudulent messages to prevent access to personal data (cyber literacy). This component also involves the acquisition by the media consumer of the skills of identifying the methods and techniques used by journalists to influence the reader. These skills allow analysing texts and understand the author’s intentions and purpose, as well as identifying the used means and methods of influencing the reader. We have designed a course of media and information education for journalists and consumers of media products in order to help them fully navigate the modern information and communication space and effectively counteract disinformation. The course aims to: (1) the formation of competence in the field of media, information and cyber literacy; (2) inclusion in the media literacy course of the basics of psycholinguistic analysis of materials; (3) the development of cyber literacy. The research used such methods as questionnaires, analysis and synthesis, arrangement, and systematization of theoretical and empirical material, psycholinguistic analysis of text. Conclusions. In the study, the psychological readiness of a media specialist to counteract manipulative informational and communicative influences is considered within the scope of the activity approach and in relation to such individual characteristics as motivational, cognitive, informational-technical, emotional-volitional, and moral-ethical competences. A media specialist’s possession of all these competencies is necessary for the formation of a stable psychological readiness to resist manipulative influences.
{"title":"Information and Psychological Security of the Media Space. Ukrainian Experience of Implementation of Psycholinguistic Component Into Media Education","authors":"Yuliya Krylova-Grek, O. Korniyaka","doi":"10.31470/2309-1797-2023-34-1-111-128","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31470/2309-1797-2023-34-1-111-128","url":null,"abstract":"The article covers the Ukrainian experience of the of integrating a psycholinguistic component into media and information education,which we consider as one of the most important elements of the information security control system in the media space. The psycholinguistic component aims at providing special knowledge and skills for analysing linguistic means and non-linguistic tools used in the media to enhance the impact on the reader’s world view (media and information literacy), identifying fraudulent messages to prevent access to personal data (cyber literacy). This component also involves the acquisition by the media consumer of the skills of identifying the methods and techniques used by journalists to influence the reader. These skills allow analysing texts and understand the author’s intentions and purpose, as well as identifying the used means and methods of influencing the reader. We have designed a course of media and information education for journalists and consumers of media products in order to help them fully navigate the modern information and communication space and effectively counteract disinformation. The course aims to: (1) the formation of competence in the field of media, information and cyber literacy; (2) inclusion in the media literacy course of the basics of psycholinguistic analysis of materials; (3) the development of cyber literacy. The research used such methods as questionnaires, analysis and synthesis, arrangement, and systematization of theoretical and empirical material, psycholinguistic analysis of text. Conclusions. In the study, the psychological readiness of a media specialist to counteract manipulative informational and communicative influences is considered within the scope of the activity approach and in relation to such individual characteristics as motivational, cognitive, informational-technical, emotional-volitional, and moral-ethical competences. A media specialist’s possession of all these competencies is necessary for the formation of a stable psychological readiness to resist manipulative influences.","PeriodicalId":42961,"journal":{"name":"Psycholinguistics","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2023-10-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139311202","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-10-29DOI: 10.31470/2309-1797-2023-34-1-6-27
Razan N. Alkhatib, A. R. Altakhaineh
Aim. This study aimed to investigate the use of different Jordanian Arabic possessive pronouns by children with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) and explore the influence of their IQ on the usage of possessive pronouns and possessive adjectives. Methods. The study employed a paired-choice preference assessment method adapted from Fisher et al. (1992). The sample consisted of 16 autistic children aged 11–15, divided into two groups based on their IQ: low (70–74) and high (76–80). The participants were presented with two stimuli and observed as they made choices and interacted with the selected stimulus. Preference percentages were calculated to determine their choices. The data analytics included descriptive statistics and t-tests to assess differences between groups. Results. The findings revealed that children with autism struggled to use and produce all possessive pronouns effectively in both forms. Additionally, the results indicated a preference for possessive pronouns over possessive adjectives among the autistic participants. Conclusions. Notably, the study highlights that the children’s IQ played a significant role in their usage and production of possessive pronouns. Based on these findings, it is recommended that interventions and educational programs for children with autism incorporate targeted teaching strategies for the proper use of possessive pronouns. These strategies should be tailored to the individual language and cognitive abilities of the child, considering their IQ level as an influencing factor.
{"title":"The Use of Jordanian Arabic Possessive Pronouns by Children with Autism Spectrum Disorder","authors":"Razan N. Alkhatib, A. R. Altakhaineh","doi":"10.31470/2309-1797-2023-34-1-6-27","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31470/2309-1797-2023-34-1-6-27","url":null,"abstract":"Aim. This study aimed to investigate the use of different Jordanian Arabic possessive pronouns by children with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) and explore the influence of their IQ on the usage of possessive pronouns and possessive adjectives. Methods. The study employed a paired-choice preference assessment method adapted from Fisher et al. (1992). The sample consisted of 16 autistic children aged 11–15, divided into two groups based on their IQ: low (70–74) and high (76–80). The participants were presented with two stimuli and observed as they made choices and interacted with the selected stimulus. Preference percentages were calculated to determine their choices. The data analytics included descriptive statistics and t-tests to assess differences between groups. Results. The findings revealed that children with autism struggled to use and produce all possessive pronouns effectively in both forms. Additionally, the results indicated a preference for possessive pronouns over possessive adjectives among the autistic participants. Conclusions. Notably, the study highlights that the children’s IQ played a significant role in their usage and production of possessive pronouns. Based on these findings, it is recommended that interventions and educational programs for children with autism incorporate targeted teaching strategies for the proper use of possessive pronouns. These strategies should be tailored to the individual language and cognitive abilities of the child, considering their IQ level as an influencing factor.","PeriodicalId":42961,"journal":{"name":"Psycholinguistics","volume":"109 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2023-10-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139311468","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-10-26DOI: 10.31470/2309-1797-2023-34-1-85-110
Claudia Vásquez, Mercedes Muñetón-Ayala
Purpose. Temporal processing shows an evolutionary character in accordance with age and schooling. The purpose of this study is to analyze the role of temporal processing in children in different grades in primary school. Methods. 470 children (aged 5–13), in five school grades, were compared to a Temporal Order Judgment. Similar visual and auditory, linguistic, and nonlinguistic stimuli were presented to them. A three-factor repeated measure multivariate analysis of variance was used to examine the effects of Grade (1°vs.2°vs.3°vs.4°vs.5°) x Stimulus (Linguistic vs. Nonlinguistic) x Modality (Visual vs. Auditory). Results. These three factors have significant interactions. Auditory-nonlinguistic tasks were easier than auditory-linguistic tasks in every grade. Visual-nonlinguistic tasks were easier than visual-linguistic tasks in higher grades, and 1st grade differed significantly from the other school grades in all cases. The higher the school grade, the better the performance of TOJ tasks. Visual-linguistic tasks were easier than auditory-linguistic tasks. Conclusions. The present study provides evidence concerning the progressive nature of temporal processing among primary school children. This development trajectory is particularly noteworthy for students in lower primary school grades. Furthermore, the Temporal Order Judgment (TOJ) task exhibited robust experimental support, rendering it a valuable tool for assessing temporal processing within conventional school populations. This task offers the potential to assess TP across auditory and / or visual modalities, with diverse types of stimuli (linguistic vs. non-linguistic). Finally, the auditory modality, and especially the auditory linguistic modality, showed greater sensitivity depending on the school grade.
{"title":"Visual and Auditory Temporal Processing in Elementary School Children","authors":"Claudia Vásquez, Mercedes Muñetón-Ayala","doi":"10.31470/2309-1797-2023-34-1-85-110","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31470/2309-1797-2023-34-1-85-110","url":null,"abstract":"Purpose. Temporal processing shows an evolutionary character in accordance with age and schooling. The purpose of this study is to analyze the role of temporal processing in children in different grades in primary school. Methods. 470 children (aged 5–13), in five school grades, were compared to a Temporal Order Judgment. Similar visual and auditory, linguistic, and nonlinguistic stimuli were presented to them. A three-factor repeated measure multivariate analysis of variance was used to examine the effects of Grade (1°vs.2°vs.3°vs.4°vs.5°) x Stimulus (Linguistic vs. Nonlinguistic) x Modality (Visual vs. Auditory). Results. These three factors have significant interactions. Auditory-nonlinguistic tasks were easier than auditory-linguistic tasks in every grade. Visual-nonlinguistic tasks were easier than visual-linguistic tasks in higher grades, and 1st grade differed significantly from the other school grades in all cases. The higher the school grade, the better the performance of TOJ tasks. Visual-linguistic tasks were easier than auditory-linguistic tasks. Conclusions. The present study provides evidence concerning the progressive nature of temporal processing among primary school children. This development trajectory is particularly noteworthy for students in lower primary school grades. Furthermore, the Temporal Order Judgment (TOJ) task exhibited robust experimental support, rendering it a valuable tool for assessing temporal processing within conventional school populations. This task offers the potential to assess TP across auditory and / or visual modalities, with diverse types of stimuli (linguistic vs. non-linguistic). Finally, the auditory modality, and especially the auditory linguistic modality, showed greater sensitivity depending on the school grade.","PeriodicalId":42961,"journal":{"name":"Psycholinguistics","volume":"2017 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2023-10-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139313565","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-10-26DOI: 10.31470/2309-1797-2023-34-1-28-49
Noor Al-Yasin, Jihad M. Hamdan
Purpose. Following the hypothesis of shared cognitive mechanisms between language and music, the present study investigates the interconnection between musical orientation and language processing operations in Broca’s area, namely verbal retrieval. The researchers replicated Taylor & Dewhurst’s (2017) study by applying a perceptual task of four types of words in Arabic to Jordanian university students spanning a wide range of musical orientations. Methods. The participants are musicians with different levels of musical training and non-musicians who vary in their musical interests. A T-test was applied to the results of musicians and non-musicians. Furthermore, a Kruskal-Wallis test was carried out to reveal significant differences within groups. Moreover, paired comparisons were conducted to find out significant differences between the four word types regardless of the participants’ musical background. Results. First, verbal memory was enhanced by musical training where musicians, despite their level of musical training, scored significantly better than non-musicians in the verbal recall test. Second, the level of musical training contributes to improving the ability to recall different types of words where advanced musicians scored higher than intermediates and beginners. Third, non-musicians who spend more time than others listening to music daily scored better in the given perceptual task than those who spend less time listening to music or do not listen to music at all. Finally, visual words appeared to be the easiest to recall since they are high in imagery. In contrast, abstract words are the hardest to recall given that they only have non-sensory features, unlike concrete words, such as visual, auditory and tactile words. Conclusions. This study supports the hypothesis of music impact on the retrieval process of words. Higher exposure to musical training or music in general leads to better word retrieval. However, word type can be a factor that might affect the retrieval process since certain word types are easier to recall than others.
研究目的根据语言与音乐之间共享认知机制的假设，本研究调查了音乐取向与布洛卡区语言处理操作（即言语检索）之间的相互联系。研究人员复制了 Taylor & Dewhurst（2017 年）的研究，将四种阿拉伯语单词的感知任务应用于约旦大学生，他们的音乐取向跨度很大。 研究方法被试是受过不同程度音乐训练的音乐家和非音乐家，他们的音乐兴趣各不相同。对音乐家和非音乐家的结果进行了 T 检验。此外，还进行了 Kruskal-Wallis 检验，以揭示组内的显著差异。此外，还进行了配对比较，以发现四种词类型之间的显著差异，而与参与者的音乐背景无关。 结果首先，音乐训练增强了言语记忆，尽管音乐训练水平不同，但音乐家在言语回忆测试中的得分明显高于非音乐家。第二，音乐训练水平有助于提高回忆不同类型单词的能力，高级音乐家的得分高于中级和初级音乐家。第三，与其他人相比，每天花更多时间听音乐的非音乐家在特定感知任务中的得分要高于听音乐时间较少或根本不听音乐的人。最后，视觉词似乎最容易记忆，因为它们具有高度的形象性。相比之下，抽象词最难记忆，因为它们只有非感官特征，而不像视觉、听觉和触觉等具体词那样。 结论本研究支持音乐影响单词检索过程的假设。更多接触音乐训练或一般音乐会导致更好的词语检索。然而，单词类型也可能是影响检索过程的一个因素，因为某些单词类型比其他单词类型更容易回忆。
{"title":"The Impact of Music on Verbal Memory: Evidence from Jordanian University Students","authors":"Noor Al-Yasin, Jihad M. Hamdan","doi":"10.31470/2309-1797-2023-34-1-28-49","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31470/2309-1797-2023-34-1-28-49","url":null,"abstract":"Purpose. Following the hypothesis of shared cognitive mechanisms between language and music, the present study investigates the interconnection between musical orientation and language processing operations in Broca’s area, namely verbal retrieval. The researchers replicated Taylor & Dewhurst’s (2017) study by applying a perceptual task of four types of words in Arabic to Jordanian university students spanning a wide range of musical orientations. Methods. The participants are musicians with different levels of musical training and non-musicians who vary in their musical interests. A T-test was applied to the results of musicians and non-musicians. Furthermore, a Kruskal-Wallis test was carried out to reveal significant differences within groups. Moreover, paired comparisons were conducted to find out significant differences between the four word types regardless of the participants’ musical background. Results. First, verbal memory was enhanced by musical training where musicians, despite their level of musical training, scored significantly better than non-musicians in the verbal recall test. Second, the level of musical training contributes to improving the ability to recall different types of words where advanced musicians scored higher than intermediates and beginners. Third, non-musicians who spend more time than others listening to music daily scored better in the given perceptual task than those who spend less time listening to music or do not listen to music at all. Finally, visual words appeared to be the easiest to recall since they are high in imagery. In contrast, abstract words are the hardest to recall given that they only have non-sensory features, unlike concrete words, such as visual, auditory and tactile words. Conclusions. This study supports the hypothesis of music impact on the retrieval process of words. Higher exposure to musical training or music in general leads to better word retrieval. However, word type can be a factor that might affect the retrieval process since certain word types are easier to recall than others.","PeriodicalId":42961,"journal":{"name":"Psycholinguistics","volume":"31 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2023-10-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139313432","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-10-25DOI: 10.31470/2309-1797-2023-34-2-132-155
Jihad M. Hamdan, Hady J. Hamdan, Wael Hamdan, Wafa Alkhadra
Purpose. This paper examines the pragmatic functions of wa, the most frequently used discourse marker in the daily interactions of speakers of Jordanian Arabic (JA). Procedure. The principal researcher built with the help of a research assistant a small-size corpus from conversations and talks presented by Jordanian TV and Radio Jordan in JA. The recordings ran for 194 minutes and covered multiple aspects of Jordanian life and culture such as traffic and safety, water and agriculture, education, tourism and environment, health, mountaineering and social topics. The recordings were transcribed for analysis by two of the four researchers and verified by the other two. The transcripts comprised 20660 words with 1229 instances of wa. To identify the pragmatic functions of wa, the researchers worked in groups of two and screened and examined independently a different 50 percent of the transcribed data and proposed their own list of identified functions along with at least two illustrative examples for each pragmatic function. Once done, they held a number of successive meetings to review the outcome with a view to reaching consensus judgments on the identified functions and examples. They were able to agree on eight of the 12 suggested labels. For the remaining four, they invited a focus group of 10 postgraduate students of linguistics whose native language was JA to examine and discuss the disputed material. This intensive and laborious work had reduced the list of functions to 11. Results. The findings of the study show that wa has 11 pragmatic functions. It is mainly used for expressing addition, indicating resumption, swearing an oath, concluding a premise, elaborating on the antecedent sentence, restating, mocking, showing simultaneity, extending congratulations, linking alternative contrasts, and avoiding complete and explicit listing. Conclusions. The paper identified 11 pragmatic functions of wa in Jordanian Arabic. However, the paper has made no claims that these functions are conclusive as the corpus is small and is collected from officially channeled media that had to pass censorship before being released. Another thing of importance is the extent to which the proposed labels for the functions is agreed by the readers of this paper, including academic colleagues. Once again, we cannot argue that the given names of the functions are unequivocally sound and acceptable. A reader may suggest another label here and there and this temptation cannot be easily suppressed.
{"title":"The Pragmatic Functions of wa in Jordanian Arabic: A Corpus-based Study","authors":"Jihad M. Hamdan, Hady J. Hamdan, Wael Hamdan, Wafa Alkhadra","doi":"10.31470/2309-1797-2023-34-2-132-155","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31470/2309-1797-2023-34-2-132-155","url":null,"abstract":"Purpose. This paper examines the pragmatic functions of wa, the most frequently used discourse marker in the daily interactions of speakers of Jordanian Arabic (JA). Procedure. The principal researcher built with the help of a research assistant a small-size corpus from conversations and talks presented by Jordanian TV and Radio Jordan in JA. The recordings ran for 194 minutes and covered multiple aspects of Jordanian life and culture such as traffic and safety, water and agriculture, education, tourism and environment, health, mountaineering and social topics. The recordings were transcribed for analysis by two of the four researchers and verified by the other two. The transcripts comprised 20660 words with 1229 instances of wa. To identify the pragmatic functions of wa, the researchers worked in groups of two and screened and examined independently a different 50 percent of the transcribed data and proposed their own list of identified functions along with at least two illustrative examples for each pragmatic function. Once done, they held a number of successive meetings to review the outcome with a view to reaching consensus judgments on the identified functions and examples. They were able to agree on eight of the 12 suggested labels. For the remaining four, they invited a focus group of 10 postgraduate students of linguistics whose native language was JA to examine and discuss the disputed material. This intensive and laborious work had reduced the list of functions to 11. Results. The findings of the study show that wa has 11 pragmatic functions. It is mainly used for expressing addition, indicating resumption, swearing an oath, concluding a premise, elaborating on the antecedent sentence, restating, mocking, showing simultaneity, extending congratulations, linking alternative contrasts, and avoiding complete and explicit listing. Conclusions. The paper identified 11 pragmatic functions of wa in Jordanian Arabic. However, the paper has made no claims that these functions are conclusive as the corpus is small and is collected from officially channeled media that had to pass censorship before being released. Another thing of importance is the extent to which the proposed labels for the functions is agreed by the readers of this paper, including academic colleagues. Once again, we cannot argue that the given names of the functions are unequivocally sound and acceptable. A reader may suggest another label here and there and this temptation cannot be easily suppressed.","PeriodicalId":42961,"journal":{"name":"Psycholinguistics","volume":"19 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2023-10-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139313953","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-10-25DOI: 10.31470/2309-1797-2023-34-2-184-220
Shinichi Shoji, Jesse Sokolovsky
Purpose. The present study investigates whether antecedent saliency is affected by empathy status. That is, the possibility that when the speaker of a sentence empathizes with an entity, called the empathy locus, that entity is more salient than other entities. Accordingly, reduced forms of anaphors would be preferred to fuller forms when referring to an empathy locus. Methods. Two self-paced reading experiments were conducted using two-sentence discourses. Sentence 1 contained empathy-locus and non-empathy-locus antecedents. These were then referred to by fuller and reduced forms of anaphors in Sentence 2. The empathy statuses of the antecedents were indicated by Japanese ‘giving’ verbs, which obligatorily express the empathy locus. Results. Analyses of sentential reading-time results showed a significant interaction of antecedents and anaphors. Sentences 2 were read faster when the anaphors were reduced forms (i.e., null pronouns) than when they were fuller forms, but the reading-speed difference was significantly neutralized when the antecedents were non-empathy loci. Also, this significant neutralization appeared only when the anaphors were overt pronouns (not when they were repeated names) and when the anaphors were not marked by the topic morpheme. Conclusions. The outcomes indicate that empathy-locus antecedents are more salient than non-empathy-locus ones, which affects the choices of fuller or reduced forms of anaphors. Also, the results imply that Japanese overt pronouns may carry anti-logophoricity, which would cause them to avoid referring to empathy loci. In addition, the results imply that the topic’s inherent function, which is to refer to an entity that has previously appeared, may nullify the difference which results from antecedent saliency.
{"title":"Empathy Effects on Antecedent Salience and Anaphor Processing in Japanese","authors":"Shinichi Shoji, Jesse Sokolovsky","doi":"10.31470/2309-1797-2023-34-2-184-220","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31470/2309-1797-2023-34-2-184-220","url":null,"abstract":"Purpose. The present study investigates whether antecedent saliency is affected by empathy status. That is, the possibility that when the speaker of a sentence empathizes with an entity, called the empathy locus, that entity is more salient than other entities. Accordingly, reduced forms of anaphors would be preferred to fuller forms when referring to an empathy locus. Methods. Two self-paced reading experiments were conducted using two-sentence discourses. Sentence 1 contained empathy-locus and non-empathy-locus antecedents. These were then referred to by fuller and reduced forms of anaphors in Sentence 2. The empathy statuses of the antecedents were indicated by Japanese ‘giving’ verbs, which obligatorily express the empathy locus. Results. Analyses of sentential reading-time results showed a significant interaction of antecedents and anaphors. Sentences 2 were read faster when the anaphors were reduced forms (i.e., null pronouns) than when they were fuller forms, but the reading-speed difference was significantly neutralized when the antecedents were non-empathy loci. Also, this significant neutralization appeared only when the anaphors were overt pronouns (not when they were repeated names) and when the anaphors were not marked by the topic morpheme. Conclusions. The outcomes indicate that empathy-locus antecedents are more salient than non-empathy-locus ones, which affects the choices of fuller or reduced forms of anaphors. Also, the results imply that Japanese overt pronouns may carry anti-logophoricity, which would cause them to avoid referring to empathy loci. In addition, the results imply that the topic’s inherent function, which is to refer to an entity that has previously appeared, may nullify the difference which results from antecedent saliency.","PeriodicalId":42961,"journal":{"name":"Psycholinguistics","volume":"101 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2023-10-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139313899","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-10-24DOI: 10.31470/2309-1797-2023-34-2-48-81
M. Mohsen, Hassan Saleh Mahdi, Manar M. Almanea
Goal. This study undertakes a comprehensive synthesis of vocabulary acquisition research through the lens of psycholinguistics. A targeted analysis was conducted on articles published in four premier psycholinguistic journals indexed in Scopus: Applied Psycholinguistics, Journal of Psycholinguistic Research, Psycholinguistics Journal, and East European Journal of Psycholinguistics. Methods. Utilizing the Dimensions database, we scrutinized the abstracts of 2,001 articles spanning the period from 1971 to 2022. Our analysis centered on emerging research themes and employed various citation metrics. Results. Our findings identified several prominent clusters of research themes, including the challenges of reading comprehension, the verbal behaviors exhibited by learners during vocabulary acquisition, the cognitive awareness of morphological functions in acquired vocabulary, and the neuropsychological mechanisms underpinning bilingual language production and comprehension. Notably, the Spanish language emerged as the most frequently studied target language across the selected journals. In terms of academic influence, our analysis revealed that, apart from one of the targeted journals serving as a leading co-cited source, other major co-cited journals predominantly belonged to the fields of neurolinguistics and psychology. The article concludes by proposing multiple avenues for future research in this dynamic and interdisciplinary domain.
目标。本研究通过心理语言学的视角对词汇习得研究进行了全面综合。我们对 Scopus 收录的四种主要心理语言学期刊上发表的文章进行了有针对性的分析：应用心理语言学》（Applied Psycholinguistics）、《心理语言学研究杂志》（Journal of Psycholinguistic Research）、《心理语言学杂志》（Psycholinguistics Journal）和《东欧心理语言学杂志》（East European Journal of Psycholinguistics）。 研究方法利用 Dimensions 数据库，我们仔细研究了 2,001 篇文章的摘要，时间跨度为 1971 年至 2022 年。我们的分析以新出现的研究主题为中心，并采用了各种引文指标。 结果。我们的研究结果确定了几个突出的研究主题群，包括阅读理解的挑战、学习者在词汇习得过程中表现出的言语行为、对习得词汇中形态功能的认知意识，以及支撑二语生成和理解的神经心理学机制。值得注意的是，在所选期刊中，西班牙语是最常被研究的目标语言。在学术影响方面，我们的分析表明，除了一份目标期刊是主要的共同引用来源外，其他主要的共同引用期刊主要属于神经语言学和心理学领域。文章最后提出了在这一充满活力的跨学科领域开展未来研究的多种途径。
{"title":"The Landscape of Vocabulary Acquisition Research: A Psycholinguistic Exploration through Citation Metrics","authors":"M. Mohsen, Hassan Saleh Mahdi, Manar M. Almanea","doi":"10.31470/2309-1797-2023-34-2-48-81","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31470/2309-1797-2023-34-2-48-81","url":null,"abstract":"Goal. This study undertakes a comprehensive synthesis of vocabulary acquisition research through the lens of psycholinguistics. A targeted analysis was conducted on articles published in four premier psycholinguistic journals indexed in Scopus: Applied Psycholinguistics, Journal of Psycholinguistic Research, Psycholinguistics Journal, and East European Journal of Psycholinguistics. Methods. Utilizing the Dimensions database, we scrutinized the abstracts of 2,001 articles spanning the period from 1971 to 2022. Our analysis centered on emerging research themes and employed various citation metrics. Results. Our findings identified several prominent clusters of research themes, including the challenges of reading comprehension, the verbal behaviors exhibited by learners during vocabulary acquisition, the cognitive awareness of morphological functions in acquired vocabulary, and the neuropsychological mechanisms underpinning bilingual language production and comprehension. Notably, the Spanish language emerged as the most frequently studied target language across the selected journals. In terms of academic influence, our analysis revealed that, apart from one of the targeted journals serving as a leading co-cited source, other major co-cited journals predominantly belonged to the fields of neurolinguistics and psychology. The article concludes by proposing multiple avenues for future research in this dynamic and interdisciplinary domain.","PeriodicalId":42961,"journal":{"name":"Psycholinguistics","volume":"9 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2023-10-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139314886","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-10-18DOI: 10.31470/2309-1797-2023-34-2-6-47
Natalia Mykhalchuk, A. Plakhtii, O. Panchenko, E. Ivashkevych, Nataliia Khupavtseva, Оleksiy Chebykin
The purpose of the research is the empirical study of the peculiarities of the deployment of the concept ENGLAND and its subconcepts in the linguistic consciousness of Ukrainians in terms of logical-semantic organization of the respondents’ thinking and speech activity. Methods. Theoretical methods were categorical and structurally-functional analysis of lexical units, the methods of systematization, modeling, generalization; empirical ones – the analysis of lexical units, the experiment. For the purpose of studying the ways of explication of the concept «ENGLAND» and its subconcepts in the consciousness of Ukrainian students we used the associative experiment; the designations of the kernel and the periphery of the concept ENGLAND were included as stimulus-words. Results. It was shown that the concept ENGLAND was included into the worldview of the Ukrainian ethnic group. It is a cultural script in the individual consciousness, the form of which facilitates the formation of the mentality of Ukrainian students. Due to the influence of the concept ENGLAND, a person immerses himself/herself in British and, thanks to the translation of lexical units from English to his/her native Ukrainian language, in Ukrainian culture, and thus can influence the British multicultural world (even if a Ukrainian does not live in England). Conclusions. We proved, that in the mind of the person a concept is generated on the basis of the results of practical activity, cognition and assessment of the objective world. At the same time, any concept appears in the form of the image that can be amplified by various degrees of abstraction. When the number of its signs increases, that is the level of abstraction also increases, the sensory image gradually turns into a mental image. This principle of formation of the mental representation of knowledge about the world allows us to consider the concept as a complex, amplified paradigmatic structure, which includes various aspects of knowledge and personally significant experience, including scripts of worldview, rational, emotional, multicultural aspects.
{"title":"Concept “ENGLAND” and its Subconcepts in the Consciousness of Ukrainian Students","authors":"Natalia Mykhalchuk, A. Plakhtii, O. Panchenko, E. Ivashkevych, Nataliia Khupavtseva, Оleksiy Chebykin","doi":"10.31470/2309-1797-2023-34-2-6-47","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31470/2309-1797-2023-34-2-6-47","url":null,"abstract":"The purpose of the research is the empirical study of the peculiarities of the deployment of the concept ENGLAND and its subconcepts in the linguistic consciousness of Ukrainians in terms of logical-semantic organization of the respondents’ thinking and speech activity. Methods. Theoretical methods were categorical and structurally-functional analysis of lexical units, the methods of systematization, modeling, generalization; empirical ones – the analysis of lexical units, the experiment. For the purpose of studying the ways of explication of the concept «ENGLAND» and its subconcepts in the consciousness of Ukrainian students we used the associative experiment; the designations of the kernel and the periphery of the concept ENGLAND were included as stimulus-words. Results. It was shown that the concept ENGLAND was included into the worldview of the Ukrainian ethnic group. It is a cultural script in the individual consciousness, the form of which facilitates the formation of the mentality of Ukrainian students. Due to the influence of the concept ENGLAND, a person immerses himself/herself in British and, thanks to the translation of lexical units from English to his/her native Ukrainian language, in Ukrainian culture, and thus can influence the British multicultural world (even if a Ukrainian does not live in England). Conclusions. We proved, that in the mind of the person a concept is generated on the basis of the results of practical activity, cognition and assessment of the objective world. At the same time, any concept appears in the form of the image that can be amplified by various degrees of abstraction. When the number of its signs increases, that is the level of abstraction also increases, the sensory image gradually turns into a mental image. This principle of formation of the mental representation of knowledge about the world allows us to consider the concept as a complex, amplified paradigmatic structure, which includes various aspects of knowledge and personally significant experience, including scripts of worldview, rational, emotional, multicultural aspects.","PeriodicalId":42961,"journal":{"name":"Psycholinguistics","volume":"33 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2023-10-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139317227","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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