Pub Date : 2015-01-01DOI: 10.1163/18725465-00801002
Giulia Bonacci
This paper analyses the stranger-host relationship through examples of names, which are taken or asserted by Caribbean Rastafari, and attributed or given to them by Ethiopians. In the late 1950s a Caribbean Rastafari population settled on the outskirts of Shashemene, a southern Ethiopian town. I explain how these settlers, inspired by a popular tradition of Ethiopianism, identify themselves as “real Ethiopians”. I analyse as well the names they claim (Jamaican, Rastafari) and the names given to them by Ethiopians (sadatanna faranjocc, tukkur americawi, balabbat and baria). These names illustrate the changing representations the Ethiopians have of the Caribbeans and the shifting position of the latter in Ethiopian society. The complexities of the diasporic subject “returned home” and those of the national setting are discussed, thus mapping the boundaries of otherness at work. Based on extensive research in Jamaica and Ethiopia, this paper draws on archival, written, and oral sources in English and Amharic.
{"title":"Mapping the Boundaries of Otherness","authors":"Giulia Bonacci","doi":"10.1163/18725465-00801002","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1163/18725465-00801002","url":null,"abstract":"This paper analyses the stranger-host relationship through examples of names, which are taken or asserted by Caribbean Rastafari, and attributed or given to them by Ethiopians. In the late 1950s a Caribbean Rastafari population settled on the outskirts of Shashemene, a southern Ethiopian town. I explain how these settlers, inspired by a popular tradition of Ethiopianism, identify themselves as “real Ethiopians”. I analyse as well the names they claim (Jamaican, Rastafari) and the names given to them by Ethiopians (sadatanna faranjocc, tukkur americawi, balabbat and baria). These names illustrate the changing representations the Ethiopians have of the Caribbeans and the shifting position of the latter in Ethiopian society. The complexities of the diasporic subject “returned home” and those of the national setting are discussed, thus mapping the boundaries of otherness at work. Based on extensive research in Jamaica and Ethiopia, this paper draws on archival, written, and oral sources in English and Amharic.","PeriodicalId":42998,"journal":{"name":"African Diaspora","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2015-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1163/18725465-00801002","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"64814770","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2015-01-01DOI: 10.1163/18725465-00802002
Rita Sobczyk, R. Soriano
{"title":"Beyond ‘Mouridcentrism’: Lived Islam in the Context of Senegalese Migrations","authors":"Rita Sobczyk, R. Soriano","doi":"10.1163/18725465-00802002","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1163/18725465-00802002","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":42998,"journal":{"name":"African Diaspora","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2015-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1163/18725465-00802002","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"64814477","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2015-01-01DOI: 10.1163/18725465-00801005
J. Campbell, S. Afework
This paper explores key aspects of the immigrant experience of 50,000-plus Ethiopians and Eritreans who live in the United Kingdom. We seek to understand the extent to which immigrant life in the UK has acted ‘as a kind of pivot’ between integrating in their country of settlement and enduring forms of connection with their country of origin. This question is explored by an examination of immigrant organising in the UK – in Refugee Community Organisations – and through interviews about their life in the UK and evolving ideas about self-identity. We argue for an open-ended approach to understand immigrants which sidesteps assumptions about forms of collective identity and which asks how the social and policy context has affected immigrant settlement and integration in the UK.
{"title":"Ethiopian and Eritrean Immigrants in Britain: Refugee Organising, Transnational Connections and Identity, 1950–2009","authors":"J. Campbell, S. Afework","doi":"10.1163/18725465-00801005","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1163/18725465-00801005","url":null,"abstract":"This paper explores key aspects of the immigrant experience of 50,000-plus Ethiopians and Eritreans who live in the United Kingdom. We seek to understand the extent to which immigrant life in the UK has acted ‘as a kind of pivot’ between integrating in their country of settlement and enduring forms of connection with their country of origin. This question is explored by an examination of immigrant organising in the UK – in Refugee Community Organisations – and through interviews about their life in the UK and evolving ideas about self-identity. We argue for an open-ended approach to understand immigrants which sidesteps assumptions about forms of collective identity and which asks how the social and policy context has affected immigrant settlement and integration in the UK.","PeriodicalId":42998,"journal":{"name":"African Diaspora","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2015-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1163/18725465-00801005","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"64814684","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2015-01-01DOI: 10.1163/18725465-00801003
É. Charpentier
Ethiopia as a land of asylum is still little known. Welcoming in 2014 about 400,000 people with refugee status, it represents one of the largest countries of asylum in the Horn of Africa. Among this population, is a tiny minority of Congolese, Burundians and Rwandese. In this article, I wish to analyze, through an anthropological approach, their integration in the host country. The relationship that this refugee population has with the Ethiopian space, with Ethiopia as a political and legal structure, and finally, with the Ethiopians will be questioned. It appears that the political and social relationships between Congolese, Burundians and Rwandans with Ethiopia are characterized by a kind of “mutual disinterest”. In conclusion, the “Ethiopia of the Congolese, Burundian and Rwandan refugees” will emerge, largely based on the sharing of a common origin (Great Lakes) and a common status (the refugee status).
{"title":"L’Éthiopie des Congolais, Burundais et Rwandais réfugiés","authors":"É. Charpentier","doi":"10.1163/18725465-00801003","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1163/18725465-00801003","url":null,"abstract":"Ethiopia as a land of asylum is still little known. Welcoming in 2014 about 400,000 people with refugee status, it represents one of the largest countries of asylum in the Horn of Africa. Among this population, is a tiny minority of Congolese, Burundians and Rwandese. In this article, I wish to analyze, through an anthropological approach, their integration in the host country. The relationship that this refugee population has with the Ethiopian space, with Ethiopia as a political and legal structure, and finally, with the Ethiopians will be questioned. It appears that the political and social relationships between Congolese, Burundians and Rwandans with Ethiopia are characterized by a kind of “mutual disinterest”. In conclusion, the “Ethiopia of the Congolese, Burundian and Rwandan refugees” will emerge, largely based on the sharing of a common origin (Great Lakes) and a common status (the refugee status).","PeriodicalId":42998,"journal":{"name":"African Diaspora","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2015-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1163/18725465-00801003","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"64814625","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2015-01-01DOI: 10.1163/18725465-00802001
Nurit Hashimshony-Yaffe, Hadas Yaron Mesghenna
This article focuses on organizations and social patterns operating within the Eritrean asylum community in Israel. We explore both community-based aid organizations and opposition groups, which together constitute, as we demonstrate, an Eritrean transnational civil society. The Eritrean community was created in Israel during the last few years with the arrival of Eritrean nationals fleeing their homeland and seeking protection. In our analysis, we consider how these organizations have developed as a unified exiled civil society and how they operate in the context of their State of origin (Eritrea) and of their State of asylum (Israel), while both States may effectively be present and/or absent in the community members’ lives, such that the resulting community comprises a unique transnational state.
{"title":"In the Absence of States","authors":"Nurit Hashimshony-Yaffe, Hadas Yaron Mesghenna","doi":"10.1163/18725465-00802001","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1163/18725465-00802001","url":null,"abstract":"This article focuses on organizations and social patterns operating within the Eritrean asylum community in Israel. We explore both community-based aid organizations and opposition groups, which together constitute, as we demonstrate, an Eritrean transnational civil society. The Eritrean community was created in Israel during the last few years with the arrival of Eritrean nationals fleeing their homeland and seeking protection. In our analysis, we consider how these organizations have developed as a unified exiled civil society and how they operate in the context of their State of origin (Eritrea) and of their State of asylum (Israel), while both States may effectively be present and/or absent in the community members’ lives, such that the resulting community comprises a unique transnational state.","PeriodicalId":42998,"journal":{"name":"African Diaspora","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2015-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1163/18725465-00802001","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"64814879","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2015-01-01DOI: 10.1163/18725465-00802004
Galia Sabar, Adam Rotbard
Based on extensive qualitative research, this paper focuses on lament ceremonies Eritrean asylum seekers in Israel performed in public parks in 2008–2014.1 Specifically, we expose social and political structures of this diaspora, including mechanisms of survival in a context of harsh living conditions, a fragile legal status and a hostile environment. Following Werbner’s analysis of diasporas as chaordic entities, having no single representation and fostering multiple identities, we show how chaordicness underlies this diaspora’s ability to survive and thrive in Israel, and to embrace the unique Eritrean trans-local nationalism. We highlight how these public religious rituals were transformed into contested sites of identity formation following Israeli struggles against them. Finally, we shed light on the role that such ceremonies play in shaping transnational identities, as well as how disenfranchised communities of asylum seekers aim for visibility and recognition in the public sphere.
{"title":"Eritrean Asylum Seekers’ Lament Ceremonies in Israel as Contested Sites of Identity Formation","authors":"Galia Sabar, Adam Rotbard","doi":"10.1163/18725465-00802004","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1163/18725465-00802004","url":null,"abstract":"Based on extensive qualitative research, this paper focuses on lament ceremonies Eritrean asylum seekers in Israel performed in public parks in 2008–2014.1 Specifically, we expose social and political structures of this diaspora, including mechanisms of survival in a context of harsh living conditions, a fragile legal status and a hostile environment. Following Werbner’s analysis of diasporas as chaordic entities, having no single representation and fostering multiple identities, we show how chaordicness underlies this diaspora’s ability to survive and thrive in Israel, and to embrace the unique Eritrean trans-local nationalism. We highlight how these public religious rituals were transformed into contested sites of identity formation following Israeli struggles against them. Finally, we shed light on the role that such ceremonies play in shaping transnational identities, as well as how disenfranchised communities of asylum seekers aim for visibility and recognition in the public sphere.","PeriodicalId":42998,"journal":{"name":"African Diaspora","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2015-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1163/18725465-00802004","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"64815326","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2015-01-01DOI: 10.1163/18725465-00801006
Giulia Bonacci
{"title":"In and Out of Ethiopia: Migrations, Diasporas and Contemporary Ethiopia","authors":"Giulia Bonacci","doi":"10.1163/18725465-00801006","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1163/18725465-00801006","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":42998,"journal":{"name":"African Diaspora","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2015-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1163/18725465-00801006","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"64814752","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2014-06-04DOI: 10.1163/18725457-12341247
Christian Ungruhe
At first sight, the perception of African footballers in Germany seems to be two-fold. Whereas amateur players may face racist assaults during matches time and again, open racism in professional German football has declined. Indeed, African players in the Bundesliga are frequently celebrated by fans and are icons of their clubs. However, this paper argues that the cheering of star players and forms of open racism during amateur matches are often only two extremes of a continuum since professional African footballers continue to be socially constructed as being different. Ascriptions of playing styles as elegant, powerful, and playful reflect alleged natural differences and manifest the otherness of African players. The article analyzes the historical construction of this manifestation and also discusses to what extent ascribed otherness is adopted by African footballers as a kind of “self-charismatization.”
{"title":"“Natural Born Sportsmen”. Processes of Othering and Self-Charismatization of African Professional Footballers in Germany","authors":"Christian Ungruhe","doi":"10.1163/18725457-12341247","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1163/18725457-12341247","url":null,"abstract":"At first sight, the perception of African footballers in Germany seems to be two-fold. Whereas amateur players may face racist assaults during matches time and again, open racism in professional German football has declined. Indeed, African players in the Bundesliga are frequently celebrated by fans and are icons of their clubs. However, this paper argues that the cheering of star players and forms of open racism during amateur matches are often only two extremes of a continuum since professional African footballers continue to be socially constructed as being different. Ascriptions of playing styles as elegant, powerful, and playful reflect alleged natural differences and manifest the otherness of African players. The article analyzes the historical construction of this manifestation and also discusses to what extent ascribed otherness is adopted by African footballers as a kind of “self-charismatization.”","PeriodicalId":42998,"journal":{"name":"African Diaspora","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2014-06-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1163/18725457-12341247","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"64811205","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2014-06-04DOI: 10.1163/18725457-12341245
G. Creese
This paper explores multi-generational shifts in identities and community building among the ‘new’ African diaspora in Vancouver, Canada. Drawing on interviews with adult migrants from sub-Saharan Africa, teen migrants, and second-generation adults, the paper highlights how diasporic identities are gendered, racialized, and place-based. The first generation struggles to remain African, with men focused more on maintaining links with the homeland and women engaged more with strategies of homemaking in Canada. In contrast, second-generation young men develop stronger affinities with the nearby African-American diaspora, while their sisters are more likely to identify with the local African-Canadian community and, like their parents, to dis-identify with the larger African-American diaspora.
{"title":"Gender, Generation and Identities in Vancouver’s African Diaspora","authors":"G. Creese","doi":"10.1163/18725457-12341245","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1163/18725457-12341245","url":null,"abstract":"This paper explores multi-generational shifts in identities and community building among the ‘new’ African diaspora in Vancouver, Canada. Drawing on interviews with adult migrants from sub-Saharan Africa, teen migrants, and second-generation adults, the paper highlights how diasporic identities are gendered, racialized, and place-based. The first generation struggles to remain African, with men focused more on maintaining links with the homeland and women engaged more with strategies of homemaking in Canada. In contrast, second-generation young men develop stronger affinities with the nearby African-American diaspora, while their sisters are more likely to identify with the local African-Canadian community and, like their parents, to dis-identify with the larger African-American diaspora.","PeriodicalId":42998,"journal":{"name":"African Diaspora","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2014-06-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1163/18725457-12341245","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"64811201","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2014-06-04DOI: 10.1163/18725457-12341246
J. Rankin
The paper explains a methodology, where previously there was none, for identifying African and diasporan naval personnel hired by the British Royal Navy to serve in the West African Station in the mid-nineteenth century. The methodology employs a variety of naval documents including: ship’s musters, description books, daily sick lists, and medical journals to identify African and diasporan personnel. The Royal Navy employed four categories (Kroomen, Liberated Africans, Africans, Blacks) to describe and to differentiate the African and diasporan work force within the Station. By identifying African and diasporan naval personnel more can be learned about the ways in which race and ethnicity were constructed and applied during the age of abolition. It also provides a method capable of examining the shipboard lives and socio-economic niches carved out by ‘subject’ people within the British maritime Atlantic World.
{"title":"Nineteenth-Century Royal Navy Sailors from Africa and the African Diaspora: Research Methodology","authors":"J. Rankin","doi":"10.1163/18725457-12341246","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1163/18725457-12341246","url":null,"abstract":"The paper explains a methodology, where previously there was none, for identifying African and diasporan naval personnel hired by the British Royal Navy to serve in the West African Station in the mid-nineteenth century. The methodology employs a variety of naval documents including: ship’s musters, description books, daily sick lists, and medical journals to identify African and diasporan personnel. The Royal Navy employed four categories (Kroomen, Liberated Africans, Africans, Blacks) to describe and to differentiate the African and diasporan work force within the Station. By identifying African and diasporan naval personnel more can be learned about the ways in which race and ethnicity were constructed and applied during the age of abolition. It also provides a method capable of examining the shipboard lives and socio-economic niches carved out by ‘subject’ people within the British maritime Atlantic World.","PeriodicalId":42998,"journal":{"name":"African Diaspora","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2014-06-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1163/18725457-12341246","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"64811430","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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