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Reflections on the collaborative conservation of a basket from the Barona Cultural Center & Museum as part of the UCLA/Getty Graduate Program 作为加州大学洛杉矶分校/盖蒂研究生项目的一部分,对巴罗纳文化中心和博物馆的篮子进行合作保护的思考
IF 0.8 0 HUMANITIES, MULTIDISCIPLINARY Pub Date : 2022-01-02 DOI: 10.1080/19455224.2021.2015607
Megan E. Salas
Abstract In this article the author details and reflects on her experience working with a Native cultural item and community stakeholders during graduate coursework at the UCLA/Getty Program. In the subject Conservation and Ethnography, collaboration with members of the Kumeyaay community informed the treatment of a southern California basket from the Barona Cultural Center & Museum. This subject provided a model for collaborative work that the author plans to draw upon in her career, with the experience reinforcing her understanding of her role as one of several caretakers an item has had and will have. Conservators should expect that many others, including Native peoples, makers, as well as cultural heritage professionals, will interact with collection items in diverse ways and that conservation decisions should facilitate this dynamic reality as part of an item’s continuing life history.
摘要在这篇文章中,作者详细介绍并反思了她在加州大学洛杉矶分校/盖蒂项目研究生课程中与土著文化项目和社区利益相关者合作的经历。在保护和民族志主题中,与Kumeyaay社区成员的合作为Barona文化中心和博物馆对南加州篮子的处理提供了信息。这一主题为作者计划在其职业生涯中借鉴的合作工作提供了一个模式,这一经历加强了她对自己作为一件物品已经拥有并将拥有的几个看护人之一的角色的理解。保育员应该期待,包括原住民、制作者和文化遗产专业人士在内的许多其他人将以不同的方式与藏品互动,保护决策应该促进这一动态现实,将其作为藏品持续生命史的一部分。
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引用次数: 0
Editorial 社论
IF 0.8 0 HUMANITIES, MULTIDISCIPLINARY Pub Date : 2022-01-02 DOI: 10.1080/19455224.2022.2028988
J. Kemp
This first issue of 2022 has contributions that evaluate cleaning and drying techniques for damp fragile archaeological textiles, develop a recent interventive technique for translucent paper, map histories of past interventions to understand the preservation of a colossal metal sculpture, execute forensic recuperation of obsolete proprietary software, and reflect on the dynamic interactions of collection items and diverse people. In the first contribution by Sjoukje Telleman et al., ‘The Texel textile find revisited: the testing of cleaning and drying processes for historical wet rags’, the authors trial a range of cleaning and drying techniques on samples of still damp, fragmentary and degraded silk textiles from a seventeenth-century shipwreck in the Netherlands. Cleaning with a fine, controlled stream of water produced the best results, but also the greatest loss of material, and freeze-drying resulted in more flexible and less distorted samples. The authors do not provide any definitive ‘best’ combination of treatments, rather they offer insight into the risks and advantages of each method. Chiara Petiti et al.’s ‘Learning from history: the case of the San Carlone colossus after the test of time’, plots the possible reasons why a huge seventeenth century copper-clad iron statue in Italy remains in good condition, especially given that galvanic corrosion might be expected. Various interventions over the last three centuries are detailed via the statue and its archive, complemented with analyses using XRF, FTIR, ultrasound and conductivity testing as well as XRD, SEM/EDX, μ-FTIR and glow discharge optical emission spectroscopy (GDOES), and from these the authors offer insights into its continued preservation. In the third article by Ute Henniges et al., ‘Microfibrillated cellulose films for mending translucent paper: an assessment of film preparation and treatment application options’, a recent method suggested for repairing tears in translucent papers is investigated. The authors produced custom-made microfibrillated cellulose films and compared their mechanical and optical properties as tear supports with commercially manufactured films and Japanese tissue. Accelerated ageing tests produced good visual results and their use on a collection item from the UK’s National Archives is detailed with the suggestion that bespoke films offer an acceptable and cost-effective technique for tear mends. AnnaMladentseva’s article, ‘Responding to obsolescence in Flash-based net art: a case study on migrating Sinae Kim’s Genesis’, submitted for the ‘Emerging Conservators’ special issue, is presented here as a seminal study in recouping works made in Adobe Flash which was discontinued in 2020. First released by Macromedia in 1996, Flash was extensively used for building immersive and interactive websites, video games, animation and art works, all now facing oblivion since its demise. Mladentseva interrogates recent emulationand virtualisation-based strategies
2022年第一期的贡献包括评估潮湿易碎考古纺织品的清洁和干燥技术,开发半透明纸的最新干预技术,绘制过去干预的历史地图,以了解巨型金属雕塑的保存,对过时的专有软件进行法医复原,以及反思收藏物品和不同人之间的动态互动。在Sjoukje Telleman等人的第一篇论文中,“重新审视Texel纺织品的发现:对历史湿抹布的清洗和干燥过程的测试”,作者对来自荷兰17世纪沉船的仍然潮湿、破碎和退化的丝绸纺织品样品进行了一系列清洗和干燥技术的试验。用精细的、可控的水流清洗产生了最好的效果,但也产生了最大的材料损失,而冷冻干燥产生了更灵活和更少扭曲的样品。作者没有提供任何明确的“最佳”治疗组合,而是提供了对每种方法的风险和优势的见解。Chiara Petiti等人的《从历史中学习:经过时间考验的圣卡隆巨像》,描绘了意大利一座巨大的17世纪铜包铁雕像保持良好状态的可能原因,特别是考虑到可能会发生电偶腐蚀。通过雕像及其档案详细介绍了过去三个世纪的各种干预措施,并补充了使用XRF, FTIR,超声波和电导率测试以及XRD, SEM/EDX, μ-FTIR和辉光发射光谱(GDOES)的分析,并从这些作者提供了对其持续保存的见解。在Ute Henniges等人的第三篇文章“用于修补半透明纸的微纤化纤维素薄膜:薄膜制备和处理应用选择的评估”中,研究了一种最近提出的用于修复半透明纸撕裂的方法。作者制作了定制的微纤化纤维素薄膜,并将其作为撕裂支撑的机械和光学性能与商业生产的薄膜和日本组织进行了比较。加速老化测试产生了良好的视觉效果,他们在英国国家档案馆的一件藏品上进行了详细的应用,并建议定制胶片提供了一种可接受且经济有效的撕裂修复技术。AnnaMladentseva的文章“回应基于Flash的网络艺术的过时:对Sinae Kim的创世纪迁移的案例研究”提交给“新兴修复者”特刊,在这里作为一项开创性的研究,在2020年停止使用Adobe Flash制作的作品。Flash于1996年由Macromedia首次发布,被广泛用于构建沉浸式和交互式网站、视频游戏、动画和艺术作品,这些都因其消亡而面临被遗忘的境地。Mladentseva在使用逆向工程技术(包括反编译)成功地对一个作品执行另一种迁移方法之前,询问了最近的基于仿真和虚拟化的Flash策略。梅根·萨拉斯的最后一篇文章也刊登在最近一期的特刊上;在这里,她详细介绍了她与加州大学洛杉矶分校/Getty MA保护研究所的成员合作进行的保护研究的一部分,该研究是与保护研究所的Kumeyaay期刊合作进行的,2022年第45卷,第1 - 2期,https://doi.org/10.1080/19455224.2022.2028988
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引用次数: 0
Microfibrillated cellulose films for mending translucent paper: an assessment of film preparation and treatment application options 用于修补半透明纸的微纤化纤维素薄膜:薄膜制备和处理应用选择的评估
IF 0.8 0 HUMANITIES, MULTIDISCIPLINARY Pub Date : 2022-01-02 DOI: 10.1080/19455224.2021.2017314
U. Henniges, Lora V. Angelova, Sonja Schwoll, Holly Smith, I. Brückle
Abstract Mending tears in translucent papers is a challenging task that requires mending materials with specific mechanical and optical properties. Recently, translucent films from microfibrillated cellulose have been suggested as an attractive alternative to traditional repair materials. We prepared custom films from a commercial microfibrillated cellulose suspension and compared their mechanical and optical properties as mending supports with commercially manufactured microfibrillated cellulose films and Japanese tissue. Tear mending of modern and historic translucent paper samples using the custom-made films and Klucel G or isinglass as adhesives showed satisfactory strength and resilience, and accelerated ageing tests yielded acceptable visual results. A case study on a translucent paper document from the collection of The National Archives, UK, is detailed. We conclude that custom-made tear mending materials from commercially available microfibrillated cellulose suspensions present a cost-effective and attractive approach for the mending of translucent papers.
摘要修补半透明纸张中的撕裂是一项具有挑战性的任务,需要修补具有特定机械和光学性能的材料。最近,由微纤化纤维素制成的半透明薄膜被认为是传统修复材料的一种有吸引力的替代品。我们从商业微原纤纤维素悬浮液中制备了定制薄膜,并将其作为修补载体的机械和光学性能与商业制造的微原纤纤维薄膜和日本纸巾进行了比较。使用定制薄膜和Klucel G或云母作为粘合剂对现代和历史半透明纸样品进行撕裂修补,显示出令人满意的强度和弹性,加速老化测试产生了可接受的视觉结果。对英国国家档案馆收藏的一份半透明纸质文件进行了详细的案例研究。我们得出的结论是,由商业上可获得的微原纤纤维素悬浮液定制的撕裂修补材料为半透明纸张的修补提供了一种具有成本效益和吸引力的方法。
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引用次数: 1
Responding to obsolescence in Flash-based net art: a case study on migrating Sinae Kim’s Genesis 应对Flash网络艺术的过时——以金的《创世纪》为例
IF 0.8 0 HUMANITIES, MULTIDISCIPLINARY Pub Date : 2022-01-02 DOI: 10.1080/19455224.2021.2007412
Anna Mladentseva
Abstract Many internet artworks from the mid-1990s to the early 2000s used Adobe Flash technology for creating animated content. However, in the light of recent web standard developments (HTML5), Adobe has stopped supporting Flash and its related tools. The removal of Flash has made those net artworks non-functional and unviewable, including Sinae Kim’s Genesis (2001), the focus of this study. Recently proposed emulation- and virtualisation-based strategies are not always suitable, particularly if there is a desire to keep the artwork on the ‘live web’. This article outlines an alternative method of migration facilitated by reverse engineering techniques—specifically decompilation—and foregrounds the significance of maintaining online access to the obsolete Adobe Shockwave Flash (SWF) files through the source code. On this premise, the source code is re-imagined as a site for further re-enactment, allowing a departure from its current role as a marker of ‘authenticity’.
摘要从20世纪90年代中期到21世纪初,许多互联网艺术品使用Adobe Flash技术创作动画内容。然而,鉴于最近的网络标准发展(HTML5),Adobe已经停止支持Flash及其相关工具。Flash的移除使这些网络艺术品失去了功能性和不可观看性,包括金的《创世纪》(2001),这是本研究的重点。最近提出的基于仿真和虚拟化的策略并不总是合适的,特别是如果有人希望将艺术品保留在“实时网络”上。本文概述了一种由逆向工程技术(特别是反编译)促进的替代迁移方法,并强调了通过源代码保持对过时的Adobe Shockwave Flash(SWF)文件的在线访问的重要性。在这个前提下,源代码被重新想象为一个可以进一步重新制定的网站,从而偏离了它目前作为“真实性”标志的角色。
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引用次数: 1
Clashes in conservation: First Nations sites, communities and culture in Australian cultural heritage management 保护中的冲突:澳大利亚文化遗产管理中的原住民遗址、社区和文化
IF 0.8 0 HUMANITIES, MULTIDISCIPLINARY Pub Date : 2021-09-02 DOI: 10.1080/19455224.2021.1969259
Lily Bennion, Juanita Kelly-Mundine
Abstract In the context of Australian cultural heritage management, conservation can contribute to the decolonisation of the sector by prioritising truth telling, repatriation and reconciliation when working with First Nations cultural heritage. Reflecting on a recent instance in which the heritage site Juukan Gorge was destroyed, we emphasise that the destruction of cultural heritage can create opportunities for change. Recognising the impact of dissociation as an agent of deterioration, we highlight community-led initiatives conserving First Nations cultural heritage within a variety of institutions and environments. The case studies examined reveal the value of a holistic approach to the conservation of cultural materials and how conservation can be a conduit for reconciling the relationships between Western and First Nations cultural heritage values and practices.
摘要在澳大利亚文化遗产管理的背景下,在与原住民文化遗产合作时,保护可以优先考虑真相讲述、遣返和和解,从而有助于该部门的非殖民化。回顾最近尤坎峡谷遗址被摧毁的一个例子,我们强调,文化遗产的破坏可以创造变革的机会。认识到分离的影响是恶化的因素,我们强调了社区领导的在各种机构和环境中保护原住民文化遗产的举措。所审查的案例研究揭示了保护文化材料的整体方法的价值,以及保护如何成为调和西方和第一民族文化遗产价值观和实践之间关系的渠道。
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引用次数: 2
Editorial 编辑
IF 0.8 0 HUMANITIES, MULTIDISCIPLINARY Pub Date : 2021-09-02 DOI: 10.1080/19455224.2021.1982176
J. Kemp
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引用次数: 0
Preserving the intangible and immeasurable: exploring wellbeing frameworks in the museum context 保护无形的和不可估量的:探索博物馆背景下的健康框架
IF 0.8 0 HUMANITIES, MULTIDISCIPLINARY Pub Date : 2021-09-02 DOI: 10.1080/19455224.2021.1969973
Natalie Lawler, Ambre Tissot
Abstract The concept of wellbeing has blossomed in recent years. While discussion of wellbeing has a longer lineage in economics, it is now a popular area of concern in cultural studies. The subject has seen special focus on mental and physical health, but also cultural identity, sense of belonging, and in emotional and spiritual connections to tangible or intangible heritage. Because the values-based application of wellbeing strengthens the argument for people-centred approaches and community empowerment, some museums are increasingly integrating the concept to justify their purpose and set their objectives within their administration and collections care. This article aims to analyse the scope and meaning of wellbeing as mobilised in four cultural institutions located in New Zealand and Scotland given that each country has committed to having a wellbeing policy framework at the national level.
近年来,幸福的概念蓬勃发展。虽然关于幸福的讨论在经济学中有着悠久的历史,但它现在是文化研究中一个受欢迎的关注领域。这一主题特别关注身心健康,但也关注文化认同、归属感以及与物质或非物质遗产的情感和精神联系。由于基于价值观的福利应用加强了以人为本的方法和社区赋权的论点,一些博物馆越来越多地将这一概念纳入其宗旨,并在其管理和收藏护理中设定目标。鉴于每个国家都致力于在国家层面制定福利政策框架,本文旨在分析在新西兰和苏格兰的四个文化机构中动员的福利的范围和意义。
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引用次数: 1
Textual healing: ethical conservation of looted manuscripts and ‘The Gospel of Judas’ 文本治疗:被掠夺手稿和《犹大福音》的伦理保护
IF 0.8 0 HUMANITIES, MULTIDISCIPLINARY Pub Date : 2021-09-02 DOI: 10.1080/19455224.2021.1969257
G. Allen
Abstract Through a case study of the looting, sale, conservation and subsequent publication of ‘The Gospel of Judas’, this article examines if there is any ethical merit in conserving looted manuscripts. While fully acknowledging the extensive harm caused by looting, it explores the prevailing argument in archaeological circles that all looted artefacts must be ignored by conservators, given the logic that the blanket refusal to authenticate, conserve or research looted objects would decrease demand and their grey market value, and so prevent archaeological sites being robbed. However, this view, it is argued, is complicated by antiquities with written content and that conservation ethics leave room for conservators to use informed judgement on a case-by-case basis, especially as looted manuscripts have two types of context: archaeological and textual. By examining the experiences of a wide range of conservators and applying professional conservation ethics, the argument is made that there is still merit in conserving and publishing the textual content of otherwise unique, historic and badly deteriorated manuscript artefacts such as ‘The Gospel of Judas’. Conservators need to retain agency and uphold a duty of care to an object in order to help unlock and preserve landmark texts, so long as it is undertaken responsibly in the service of mitigating the harm done by looting as much as possible.
摘要通过对《犹大福音》的掠夺、出售、保存和随后出版的案例研究,本文考察了保存被掠夺的手稿是否有任何道德价值。在充分承认掠夺造成的广泛危害的同时,它探讨了考古界的普遍论点,即所有被掠夺的文物都必须被保护人忽视,因为全面拒绝鉴定、保护或研究被掠夺的物品会减少需求及其灰色市场价值,从而防止考古遗址被掠夺。然而,有人认为,这种观点因具有书面内容的文物而变得复杂,保护伦理为保护人员在个案基础上使用知情判断留出了空间,尤其是因为被掠夺的手稿有两种背景:考古和文本。通过研究各种保护人员的经验并应用专业保护伦理,有人认为,保护和出版《犹大福音》等独特、历史悠久且严重恶化的手稿文物的文本内容仍然有价值。保护人需要保留代理权,并维护对物品的注意义务,以帮助解锁和保护具有里程碑意义的文本,只要这是为了尽可能减轻抢劫造成的伤害而负责任地进行的。
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引用次数: 0
External values and support for ethical decision-making in conservation 外部价值观和对保护伦理决策的支持
IF 0.8 0 HUMANITIES, MULTIDISCIPLINARY Pub Date : 2021-09-02 DOI: 10.1080/19455224.2021.1969258
Neil Teddy Coleman, Hilary E. Wight
Abstract Heritage conservation is often seen as a predominantly technical enterprise, with decisions primarily made on the basis of facts rather than values. Significance and other object-centric values are recognised as having some impact, but such values are tied closely to the artefacts themselves. In this article we emphasise that this cannot be the whole story and argue that values from various domains outside the artefact–conservator relationship are also pertinent in the conservator’s decision-making. These may be societal, ethical, aesthetic, utilitarian, environmental, or some other subset of norms entirely. As such, we suggest that the profession must recognise the active, evaluative judgements that are being made by the conservator and ultimately it should offer support mechanisms that can help the conservator make better decisions. We end by highlighting some pathways that institutions may follow in order to ensure good decision-making when evaluative factors come into play, whether external or otherwise.
摘要遗产保护通常被视为一项以技术为主的事业,其决策主要基于事实而非价值观。重要性和其他以物体为中心的价值观被认为具有一定的影响,但这些价值观与人工制品本身密切相关。在这篇文章中,我们强调这不可能是故事的全部,并认为来自文物保护人关系之外的各个领域的价值观也与保护人的决策有关。这些可能是社会的、伦理的、美学的、功利的、环境的,或者完全是其他规范的子集。因此,我们建议该行业必须认识到保育员做出的积极、评估性判断,并最终提供支持机制,帮助保育员做出更好的决定。最后,我们强调了机构可能遵循的一些途径,以确保在评估因素发挥作用时做出良好的决策,无论是外部因素还是其他因素。
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引用次数: 0
From the classroom to the field: developing cross-cultural skills in conservation 从课堂到实地:发展跨文化保护技能
IF 0.8 0 HUMANITIES, MULTIDISCIPLINARY Pub Date : 2021-09-02 DOI: 10.1080/19455224.2021.1969256
Saiful Bakhri
Abstract This article describes the chronological experience of an Indonesian conservator, a graduate of the University of Melbourne’s Master of Cultural Materials Conservation. It reviews the lessons learnt and the relevancy of classroom education in preparing him as a leader on two community engagement projects, as a supervisor on a disaster recovery project and as a cultural heritage conservator in the Bali Cultural Heritage Preservation Office. Given this experience the article focusses on the required ethics for Indonesian conservators working in the field, in particular when dealing with the conservation of living heritage and its community, as well as the cross-cultural work experience needed for the work. Moreover, it highlights an interesting case of a traditional (green) conservation practice that has been extensively promoted by the major conservation institution in Indonesia, Balai Konservasi Borobudur (Borobudur Conservation Office).
本文描述了一名毕业于墨尔本大学文化材料保护硕士的印度尼西亚文物保护人员的经历。报告回顾了所学到的经验教训,以及课堂教育在使他成为两个社区参与项目的领导者、一个灾难恢复项目的主管和巴厘岛文化遗产保护办公室的文化遗产保护者方面的相关性。鉴于这一经历,本文将重点讨论印尼文物保护人员在这一领域工作所需的道德规范,特别是在处理活态遗产及其社区的保护时,以及这项工作所需的跨文化工作经验。此外,它还强调了一个有趣的传统(绿色)保护实践案例,该实践已被印度尼西亚的主要保护机构Balai Konservasi Borobudur (Borobudur conservation Office)广泛推广。
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引用次数: 0
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Journal of the Institute of Conservation
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