Pub Date : 2021-09-02DOI: 10.1080/19455224.2021.1969972
Kiri Douglas, S. Coulthard, Samantha Hare
Abstract In this article, three recent graduates in book and paper conservation report on the value of graduate internships and advocate for more opportunities. They reflect on their personal experiences of internships at the British Library, Chester Beatty and Getty Research Institute. Results from a survey and questionnaire on graduate internships in the UK and Ireland between 2010 and 2020 are shared and discussed. In particular, the authors note a lack of longer-term recurring internship programmes. Four main aspects shared across the graduate internship experience are highlighted: projects, mentorship, continued professional development and interdisciplinary collaboration. Conscious integration of these elements within an internship structure increases learning potential. The authors conclude that there is an ongoing need for paid graduate internships as they are a key entry route for emerging conservators joining the profession and offer significant benefits to host institutions.
{"title":"Mentorship matters: the value of graduate internships","authors":"Kiri Douglas, S. Coulthard, Samantha Hare","doi":"10.1080/19455224.2021.1969972","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/19455224.2021.1969972","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract In this article, three recent graduates in book and paper conservation report on the value of graduate internships and advocate for more opportunities. They reflect on their personal experiences of internships at the British Library, Chester Beatty and Getty Research Institute. Results from a survey and questionnaire on graduate internships in the UK and Ireland between 2010 and 2020 are shared and discussed. In particular, the authors note a lack of longer-term recurring internship programmes. Four main aspects shared across the graduate internship experience are highlighted: projects, mentorship, continued professional development and interdisciplinary collaboration. Conscious integration of these elements within an internship structure increases learning potential. The authors conclude that there is an ongoing need for paid graduate internships as they are a key entry route for emerging conservators joining the profession and offer significant benefits to host institutions.","PeriodicalId":43004,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the Institute of Conservation","volume":"44 1","pages":"233 - 247"},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2021-09-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41496329","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-09-02DOI: 10.1080/19455224.2021.1970600
D. Tay
Abstract With a greater awareness of the importance of context-driven research, there has been an emergence of technical art history studies of works of art from Southeast Asia. This article begins with an overview of the conservation research landscape in Singapore and discusses some of the key challenges which need to be overcome, such as a lack of a robust artist materials dataset and limited local resources for technical examination. Using a structured data collection methodology, data generated from various primary examination techniques were analysed cross-comparatively and the article presents a case study of the investigation of 59 works of art by a pioneering Singaporean artist, Cheong Soo Pieng (1917–1983). Patterns and trends from the study offer insights into the artist’s practice, including an incorporation of local materials marouflaged into traditional canvas preparation techniques. The findings report on the assimilation of art practices and localisation of Western art influences in Soo Pieng’s work, whilst demonstrating that art practices in Southeast Asia are not necessarily a product of Western colonisation. Understanding the artist’s materials and techniques enables the expansion of material knowledge and can serve as an anchor for future study of works of art between the 1940s and 1980s.
{"title":"Building a material record of Singaporean art through technical art history: a case study of the paintings of Cheong Soo Pieng","authors":"D. Tay","doi":"10.1080/19455224.2021.1970600","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/19455224.2021.1970600","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract With a greater awareness of the importance of context-driven research, there has been an emergence of technical art history studies of works of art from Southeast Asia. This article begins with an overview of the conservation research landscape in Singapore and discusses some of the key challenges which need to be overcome, such as a lack of a robust artist materials dataset and limited local resources for technical examination. Using a structured data collection methodology, data generated from various primary examination techniques were analysed cross-comparatively and the article presents a case study of the investigation of 59 works of art by a pioneering Singaporean artist, Cheong Soo Pieng (1917–1983). Patterns and trends from the study offer insights into the artist’s practice, including an incorporation of local materials marouflaged into traditional canvas preparation techniques. The findings report on the assimilation of art practices and localisation of Western art influences in Soo Pieng’s work, whilst demonstrating that art practices in Southeast Asia are not necessarily a product of Western colonisation. Understanding the artist’s materials and techniques enables the expansion of material knowledge and can serve as an anchor for future study of works of art between the 1940s and 1980s.","PeriodicalId":43004,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the Institute of Conservation","volume":"44 1","pages":"197 - 209"},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2021-09-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43709570","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-09-02DOI: 10.1080/19455224.2021.1974066
K. Francis
Abstract The demographic of UK heritage conservation professionals currently demonstrates a clear under-representation of marginalised individuals. This article principally aims to raise awareness and explore ideas on the lack of black and minority ethnic diversity in conservation by addressing some of the specific issues and barriers that cause systems of exclusion, inequity and inaccessibility. Crucially, it will establish why it is particularly valuable to include and retain these diverse voices in heritage environments. Discussions are supported by recent studies, reports and events, including some of the author’s own lived experiences so that readers can acknowledge and understand the direct, real and first-hand impact of some of the issues. Ultimately, the article seeks to help continue the drive for positive social change.
{"title":"The absence of black and ethnic minority representation in UK heritage conservation and the value of including diverse voices","authors":"K. Francis","doi":"10.1080/19455224.2021.1974066","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/19455224.2021.1974066","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract The demographic of UK heritage conservation professionals currently demonstrates a clear under-representation of marginalised individuals. This article principally aims to raise awareness and explore ideas on the lack of black and minority ethnic diversity in conservation by addressing some of the specific issues and barriers that cause systems of exclusion, inequity and inaccessibility. Crucially, it will establish why it is particularly valuable to include and retain these diverse voices in heritage environments. Discussions are supported by recent studies, reports and events, including some of the author’s own lived experiences so that readers can acknowledge and understand the direct, real and first-hand impact of some of the issues. Ultimately, the article seeks to help continue the drive for positive social change.","PeriodicalId":43004,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the Institute of Conservation","volume":"44 1","pages":"183 - 196"},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2021-09-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46262053","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-05-04DOI: 10.1080/19455224.2021.1929579
H. Marçal
{"title":"Hélia Marçal reviews","authors":"H. Marçal","doi":"10.1080/19455224.2021.1929579","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/19455224.2021.1929579","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":43004,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the Institute of Conservation","volume":"44 1","pages":"153 - 155"},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2021-05-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/19455224.2021.1929579","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45341205","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-05-04DOI: 10.1080/19455224.2021.1916769
C. Stable, M. Maitland, Diana de Bellaigue, D. Potter, B. Bryan, Margot Murray
Abstract National Museums Scotland’s (NMS) new permanent Ancient Egypt gallery project at the National Museum of Scotland in Edinburgh gave an opportunity for current conservators and curators to collaboratively assess and evaluate historic conservation and restoration treatments. Restoration had been an integral element in transforming archaeological fragments from Egypt into museum display objects in the UK, and restoration often went beyond the purposes of stabilisation and preservation to the point of obscuring or distorting original features. The evaluation of these earlier restorations informed treatment decisions and became one of the major challenges for conservators. Common overarching questions were applied in deciding the appropriate approach balanced against the principles of minimum intervention set out in NMS’s conservation policy and the time and resource limitations of a capital project. The process provided an important opportunity to review the collections’ history and to reassess the museum’s conservation and curatorial aims and values. This article examines some of the issues and challenges with dealing with previously restored ancient Egyptian collections through selected case studies from the project, involving gilded coffins, stone statuary, and smaller inlaid wood and faience items.
{"title":"Rediscovering Ancient Egypt: consideration of the legacy, ethics and aesthetics of previously restored Egyptian artefacts","authors":"C. Stable, M. Maitland, Diana de Bellaigue, D. Potter, B. Bryan, Margot Murray","doi":"10.1080/19455224.2021.1916769","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/19455224.2021.1916769","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract National Museums Scotland’s (NMS) new permanent Ancient Egypt gallery project at the National Museum of Scotland in Edinburgh gave an opportunity for current conservators and curators to collaboratively assess and evaluate historic conservation and restoration treatments. Restoration had been an integral element in transforming archaeological fragments from Egypt into museum display objects in the UK, and restoration often went beyond the purposes of stabilisation and preservation to the point of obscuring or distorting original features. The evaluation of these earlier restorations informed treatment decisions and became one of the major challenges for conservators. Common overarching questions were applied in deciding the appropriate approach balanced against the principles of minimum intervention set out in NMS’s conservation policy and the time and resource limitations of a capital project. The process provided an important opportunity to review the collections’ history and to reassess the museum’s conservation and curatorial aims and values. This article examines some of the issues and challenges with dealing with previously restored ancient Egyptian collections through selected case studies from the project, involving gilded coffins, stone statuary, and smaller inlaid wood and faience items.","PeriodicalId":43004,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the Institute of Conservation","volume":"44 1","pages":"134 - 152"},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2021-05-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/19455224.2021.1916769","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49446892","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-05-04DOI: 10.1080/19455224.2021.1914121
A. Read, B. Bryan
Abstract Bog bodies contain a wealth of information and when treated with respect and sensitivity present an opportunity for scholars and the public to come ‘face to face’ with our past. Eight bog bodies have been discovered in Ireland in the past 20 years and the conservation of three of these is described in this article. Past conservation techniques and their results were assessed to best plan the treatment for the bodies, with the conservation method selected being freeze-drying using poly-ethylene-glycol (PEG). This technique has limitations due to the final visual appearance after treatment of bodies which exhibit well preserved soft tissue. The results of the treatment were consistent with this expectation and have prompted a recommendation for further research into new techniques for conservation before any further treatment of bog bodies is undertaken at the museum.
{"title":"Conservation treatment of recently discovered bog bodies at the National Museum of Ireland","authors":"A. Read, B. Bryan","doi":"10.1080/19455224.2021.1914121","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/19455224.2021.1914121","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Bog bodies contain a wealth of information and when treated with respect and sensitivity present an opportunity for scholars and the public to come ‘face to face’ with our past. Eight bog bodies have been discovered in Ireland in the past 20 years and the conservation of three of these is described in this article. Past conservation techniques and their results were assessed to best plan the treatment for the bodies, with the conservation method selected being freeze-drying using poly-ethylene-glycol (PEG). This technique has limitations due to the final visual appearance after treatment of bodies which exhibit well preserved soft tissue. The results of the treatment were consistent with this expectation and have prompted a recommendation for further research into new techniques for conservation before any further treatment of bog bodies is undertaken at the museum.","PeriodicalId":43004,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the Institute of Conservation","volume":"44 1","pages":"118 - 133"},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2021-05-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/19455224.2021.1914121","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45312633","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-05-04DOI: 10.1080/19455224.2021.1914122
Rosie Shepley
Abstract This article presents a case study of three lithographic ski posters, c.1940, conserved at an independent conservation studio for a commercial client. Each poster (identified as Posters A, B and C), although similar in media, varied in condition and presented different challenges which required tailored approaches for treatment. Poster A contained a highly fugitive blue dye in its secondary support, presenting challenges for backing removal, which was made possible through the use of an immersion in a bath with a continuous flow of water in and out. Poster B had a large area of loss that was reintegrated through the use of a digitally printed facsimile from another version of the poster. Poster C had a foam core secondary support adhered with a synthetic adhesive that was removed with a thin layer of the verso of the poster. Details of the treatments, along with ethical considerations and results, are examined and discussed.
{"title":"Going off-piste: a case study of the treatment of three lithographic ski posters","authors":"Rosie Shepley","doi":"10.1080/19455224.2021.1914122","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/19455224.2021.1914122","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract This article presents a case study of three lithographic ski posters, c.1940, conserved at an independent conservation studio for a commercial client. Each poster (identified as Posters A, B and C), although similar in media, varied in condition and presented different challenges which required tailored approaches for treatment. Poster A contained a highly fugitive blue dye in its secondary support, presenting challenges for backing removal, which was made possible through the use of an immersion in a bath with a continuous flow of water in and out. Poster B had a large area of loss that was reintegrated through the use of a digitally printed facsimile from another version of the poster. Poster C had a foam core secondary support adhered with a synthetic adhesive that was removed with a thin layer of the verso of the poster. Details of the treatments, along with ethical considerations and results, are examined and discussed.","PeriodicalId":43004,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the Institute of Conservation","volume":"44 1","pages":"99 - 117"},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2021-05-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/19455224.2021.1914122","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41700088","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-05-04DOI: 10.1080/19455224.2021.1930705
J. Kemp
Negotiating registers of treatments is a feature of this, the second issue of 2021. The how, when and why of treatments indicate not only something of the approaches and techniques available, but how they are also defined by the wider organisational and cultural needs in which the conservator operates. So, the first contribution, Elaheh Hajjari, Omid Oudbashi and Esmail Hemati Azandaryani’s ‘Technical studies on the mechanisms of corrosion and state of conservation of two hoards of Persian copper coins ( folus) from the Safavid period in Iran’, presents the results of analyses of some lower status coins from Iran. The data generated give an understanding of the way the coins were minted and identify their corrosion products, both of which help conservators to treat them, in the context of their original storage jars, in contrast to previous treatments designed to reveal different object-specific data relating to their iconography and history. The second contribution, Rosie Shepley’s ‘Going off-piste: a case study of the treatment of three lithographic ski posters’, traverses the tricky terrain of client expectation and professional and personal ethics and preferences. In describing the quite different treatments of a set of three posters, she accommodates improving the stability and aesthetic of the posters sufficiently enough for them to be offered for sale by the client, while keeping her treatments aligned with ethical guidance in the profession. In introducing the third article, I should first alert readers that Anthony Read and Bethan Bryan’s ‘Conservation treatment of recently discovered bog bodies at the National Museum of Ireland’ contains images of ancient dead bodies. Read and Bryan give a precise overview of past and current methods of preservation for these invaluable data repositories before describing the results of freeze-drying three recently discovered bodies at NMI with poly-ethylene-glycol. The visual anomalies this treatment provoked prompts their recommendation for a moratorium on its use at NMI until alternative methods are researched. Charles Stable et al. end this mid-year issue with their collaborative assessment of a previous conservation treatment regime that had been charged with transforming archaeological fragments from Egypt into a fulsome museum display at the National Museum of Scotland. In ‘Rediscovering Ancient Egypt: consideration of the legacy, ethics and aesthetics of previously restored Egyptian artefacts’ they unpick the wider concerns at the time to help inform their own approaches to the re-conservation of some of the same items, including gilded coffins, stone statuary, and smaller inlaid wood and faience items. Finally, in my last Editorial I asked if you had seen something different about the feel of the print issue in your hands. This time I think you will have definitely noticed how the print issue arrived via what’s called ‘naked mailing’. This is another response by Icon to reduce it's carbon footp
{"title":"Editorial","authors":"J. Kemp","doi":"10.1080/19455224.2021.1930705","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/19455224.2021.1930705","url":null,"abstract":"Negotiating registers of treatments is a feature of this, the second issue of 2021. The how, when and why of treatments indicate not only something of the approaches and techniques available, but how they are also defined by the wider organisational and cultural needs in which the conservator operates. So, the first contribution, Elaheh Hajjari, Omid Oudbashi and Esmail Hemati Azandaryani’s ‘Technical studies on the mechanisms of corrosion and state of conservation of two hoards of Persian copper coins ( folus) from the Safavid period in Iran’, presents the results of analyses of some lower status coins from Iran. The data generated give an understanding of the way the coins were minted and identify their corrosion products, both of which help conservators to treat them, in the context of their original storage jars, in contrast to previous treatments designed to reveal different object-specific data relating to their iconography and history. The second contribution, Rosie Shepley’s ‘Going off-piste: a case study of the treatment of three lithographic ski posters’, traverses the tricky terrain of client expectation and professional and personal ethics and preferences. In describing the quite different treatments of a set of three posters, she accommodates improving the stability and aesthetic of the posters sufficiently enough for them to be offered for sale by the client, while keeping her treatments aligned with ethical guidance in the profession. In introducing the third article, I should first alert readers that Anthony Read and Bethan Bryan’s ‘Conservation treatment of recently discovered bog bodies at the National Museum of Ireland’ contains images of ancient dead bodies. Read and Bryan give a precise overview of past and current methods of preservation for these invaluable data repositories before describing the results of freeze-drying three recently discovered bodies at NMI with poly-ethylene-glycol. The visual anomalies this treatment provoked prompts their recommendation for a moratorium on its use at NMI until alternative methods are researched. Charles Stable et al. end this mid-year issue with their collaborative assessment of a previous conservation treatment regime that had been charged with transforming archaeological fragments from Egypt into a fulsome museum display at the National Museum of Scotland. In ‘Rediscovering Ancient Egypt: consideration of the legacy, ethics and aesthetics of previously restored Egyptian artefacts’ they unpick the wider concerns at the time to help inform their own approaches to the re-conservation of some of the same items, including gilded coffins, stone statuary, and smaller inlaid wood and faience items. Finally, in my last Editorial I asked if you had seen something different about the feel of the print issue in your hands. This time I think you will have definitely noticed how the print issue arrived via what’s called ‘naked mailing’. This is another response by Icon to reduce it's carbon footp","PeriodicalId":43004,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the Institute of Conservation","volume":"44 1","pages":"85 - 85"},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2021-05-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/19455224.2021.1930705","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41319436","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-05-04DOI: 10.1080/19455224.2021.1914698
E. Hajjari, Omid Oudbashi, E. Hemati Azandaryani
Abstract A series of corroded Safavid copper coins (folus) dating to the seventeenth century CE and minted in Isfahan were discovered in Hamedan, Western Iran. A selection of these coins was studied to identify the minting process, corrosion morphology and mechanisms, and their state of conservation. Eight coins from two hoards were analysed using metallography, ICP–OES, SEM–EDS and XRD to identify their metal/alloy compositions and microstructures, as well as the chemical compositions of any corrosion layers and products. The results showed that the coins were minted from blanks using thermo-mechanical processing to produce their relief-like surfaces. The corrosion morphology was found to include a two-layered corrosion crust in which the original surface was well-retained, and the corrosion mechanisms identified were internal dissolution and oxidation of copper and the formation of copper (II) compounds over the original surface. The presence of chloride compounds in the corrosion products showed that the coins have been suffering from ‘bronze disease’ so that any preventive conservation must include keeping the relative humidity of their storage and exhibition environments below 45%.
{"title":"Technical studies on the mechanisms of corrosion and state of conservation of two hoards of Persian copper coins (folus) from the Safavid period in Iran","authors":"E. Hajjari, Omid Oudbashi, E. Hemati Azandaryani","doi":"10.1080/19455224.2021.1914698","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/19455224.2021.1914698","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract A series of corroded Safavid copper coins (folus) dating to the seventeenth century CE and minted in Isfahan were discovered in Hamedan, Western Iran. A selection of these coins was studied to identify the minting process, corrosion morphology and mechanisms, and their state of conservation. Eight coins from two hoards were analysed using metallography, ICP–OES, SEM–EDS and XRD to identify their metal/alloy compositions and microstructures, as well as the chemical compositions of any corrosion layers and products. The results showed that the coins were minted from blanks using thermo-mechanical processing to produce their relief-like surfaces. The corrosion morphology was found to include a two-layered corrosion crust in which the original surface was well-retained, and the corrosion mechanisms identified were internal dissolution and oxidation of copper and the formation of copper (II) compounds over the original surface. The presence of chloride compounds in the corrosion products showed that the coins have been suffering from ‘bronze disease’ so that any preventive conservation must include keeping the relative humidity of their storage and exhibition environments below 45%.","PeriodicalId":43004,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the Institute of Conservation","volume":"44 1","pages":"86 - 98"},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2021-05-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/19455224.2021.1914698","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48778260","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-01-02DOI: 10.1080/19455224.2020.1864747
Mito Matsumaru
Abstract Wheat starch paste (WSP) is an adhesive commonly used in the field of book and paper conservation. Each conservation studio must regularly prepare WSP in small batches because of its very short shelf life. Over time this has led to the development of a corpus of ad-hoc recipes and sometimes contradictory practices. This article attempts to rationally analyse WSP preparation and to identify what parameters may affect the quality of the end-product for conservation use. After collecting over 50 recipes from publications and conservation professionals, a set of eight parameters were identified: starch source, pre-soaking, starch-to-water ratio, cooking method, cooking duration, cooking temperature, sieving and storage time/method. A set of 72 cooking experiments were then conducted varying each of these parameters in turn. The findings presented here are intended to provide a set of practical guidelines to help conservators optimise their paste-making processes and identify which practices and parameters had no measurable effect on paste quality and, conversely, which ones did; and for the latter, to provide a well-defined range of values for the production of a very homogeneous quality product, suitable for conservation work. It is important to stress that this research has only scratched the surface of conservation WSP quality analysis, leaving many areas open to further study.
{"title":"Wheat starch paste: a study of cooking profiles and adhesive properties across preparation recipes","authors":"Mito Matsumaru","doi":"10.1080/19455224.2020.1864747","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/19455224.2020.1864747","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Wheat starch paste (WSP) is an adhesive commonly used in the field of book and paper conservation. Each conservation studio must regularly prepare WSP in small batches because of its very short shelf life. Over time this has led to the development of a corpus of ad-hoc recipes and sometimes contradictory practices. This article attempts to rationally analyse WSP preparation and to identify what parameters may affect the quality of the end-product for conservation use. After collecting over 50 recipes from publications and conservation professionals, a set of eight parameters were identified: starch source, pre-soaking, starch-to-water ratio, cooking method, cooking duration, cooking temperature, sieving and storage time/method. A set of 72 cooking experiments were then conducted varying each of these parameters in turn. The findings presented here are intended to provide a set of practical guidelines to help conservators optimise their paste-making processes and identify which practices and parameters had no measurable effect on paste quality and, conversely, which ones did; and for the latter, to provide a well-defined range of values for the production of a very homogeneous quality product, suitable for conservation work. It is important to stress that this research has only scratched the surface of conservation WSP quality analysis, leaving many areas open to further study.","PeriodicalId":43004,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the Institute of Conservation","volume":"44 1","pages":"25 - 46"},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2021-01-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/19455224.2020.1864747","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48405652","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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