The present study aimed to evaluate the effect of a brief protocol that consisted in 4 sessions based on the Mindful Self-Compassion (MSC) program administered as a group intervention in an online format, on indicators of self-compassion, self-efficacy, self-criticism, depression, anxiety, stress, mindfulness, rumination and worry. A pretest-posttest experimental design was used with a wait-list control group with random assignment. The sample consisted of university students (N= 35) who received the modified MSC program. Results suggest that the program increased indicators of self-compassion (d= 1.603), self-efficacy (d= 0.655) and mindfulness (rB = 0.954), and reduced levels of depression (rB= 0.980), stress (d= 1.050), rumination (d = 0.626) and worry (d= 1.077). The implications of brief self-compassion-based interventions as an effective strategy for addressing emotional issues in college students are discussed.
{"title":"Mindfulness and Self-compassion Decrease Emotional Symptoms, Self-criticism, Rumination and Worry in College Students: A Preliminary Study of the Effects of Group Self-compassion-based Interventions","authors":"Jorge Enrique TORRES LANCHEROS, Juan Camilo VARGAS NIETO, Stephanie ARCILA IBARRA","doi":"10.24193/jebp.2023.2.8","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.24193/jebp.2023.2.8","url":null,"abstract":"The present study aimed to evaluate the effect of a brief protocol that consisted in 4 sessions based on the Mindful Self-Compassion (MSC) program administered as a group intervention in an online format, on indicators of self-compassion, self-efficacy, self-criticism, depression, anxiety, stress, mindfulness, rumination and worry. A pretest-posttest experimental design was used with a wait-list control group with random assignment. The sample consisted of university students (N= 35) who received the modified MSC program. Results suggest that the program increased indicators of self-compassion (d= 1.603), self-efficacy (d= 0.655) and mindfulness (rB = 0.954), and reduced levels of depression (rB= 0.980), stress (d= 1.050), rumination (d = 0.626) and worry (d= 1.077). The implications of brief self-compassion-based interventions as an effective strategy for addressing emotional issues in college students are discussed.","PeriodicalId":43042,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Evidence-Based Psychotherapies","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135736332","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Social anxiety is a common problem. Several factors play a role in the development and maintenance of social anxiety. Since relationship with parents is specifically an important factor, it is important to examine social anxiety from an attachment theory perspective. Studies indicate that early maladaptive schemas and rejection sensitivity may play a role in the relationship between attachment pattern and psychological distress. Therefore, the aim of the present study is to examine the mediating role of early maladaptive schema domains and rejection sensitivity in the relationship between internal working models of attachment and social anxiety. The sample of the study consisted of 557 university students (199 male, 358 female) between the ages of 17-27 (M = 20.69, SD = 1.79). Liebowitz Social Anxiety Scale, Relationship Scales Questionnaire, Young Schema Questionnaire-Short Form 3, and Rejection Sensitivity Questionnaire were administered to the participants. Results of the mediation analysis with Bootstrapping showed that Impaired Autonomy schema domain and rejection sensitivity mediated the relationships between attachment self-model and social anxiety. Moreover, schema domains of Impaired Autonomy, Impaired Limits and Unrelenting Standards, and rejection sensitivity mediated the relationship between attachment other-model and social anxiety. The current study may contribute to the literature by providing an understanding of how the relationship between attachment and social anxiety may emerge. Clinicians aiming to increase clients’ functionality and quality of life should/could focus on their clinical practice on the above early maladaptive schema domains and rejection sensitivity.
{"title":"Social Anxiety from an Attachment Theory Perspective: The Mediating Role of Early Maladaptive Schema Domains and Rejection Sensitivity","authors":"Pelin BINTAŞ-ZÖRER, Gülay DIRIK","doi":"10.24193/jebp.2023.2.9","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.24193/jebp.2023.2.9","url":null,"abstract":"Social anxiety is a common problem. Several factors play a role in the development and maintenance of social anxiety. Since relationship with parents is specifically an important factor, it is important to examine social anxiety from an attachment theory perspective. Studies indicate that early maladaptive schemas and rejection sensitivity may play a role in the relationship between attachment pattern and psychological distress. Therefore, the aim of the present study is to examine the mediating role of early maladaptive schema domains and rejection sensitivity in the relationship between internal working models of attachment and social anxiety. The sample of the study consisted of 557 university students (199 male, 358 female) between the ages of 17-27 (M = 20.69, SD = 1.79). Liebowitz Social Anxiety Scale, Relationship Scales Questionnaire, Young Schema Questionnaire-Short Form 3, and Rejection Sensitivity Questionnaire were administered to the participants. Results of the mediation analysis with Bootstrapping showed that Impaired Autonomy schema domain and rejection sensitivity mediated the relationships between attachment self-model and social anxiety. Moreover, schema domains of Impaired Autonomy, Impaired Limits and Unrelenting Standards, and rejection sensitivity mediated the relationship between attachment other-model and social anxiety. The current study may contribute to the literature by providing an understanding of how the relationship between attachment and social anxiety may emerge. Clinicians aiming to increase clients’ functionality and quality of life should/could focus on their clinical practice on the above early maladaptive schema domains and rejection sensitivity.","PeriodicalId":43042,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Evidence-Based Psychotherapies","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135736151","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
This study replicates an earlier study (Markopolous & Bernard, 2015) that evaluated the impact of the program, Bullying: The Power to Cope (Bernard, 2019) on potential victim’s cognitive, emotional and behavioral responses. The program is aimed at teaching student rational beliefs and coping skills they can employ to cope with various types of bullying. In the present study, participating classes were randomly allocated to either an experimental or control condition. The study conducted in Melbourne, Victoria, Australia, consisted 115 participants (n = 55, experimental group; n = 60 in the control group), 57 males and 58 females, aged 10 to 14 years of age. Self-report data was collected pre- and post-test, measuring children’s cognitive, behavioral and emotional coping responses to four written bullying vignettes. Measures of state and trait anxiety were also collected at pre- and post-tests. Results revealed students in the experimental group significantly improved in cognitive and emotional coping responses compared with students in the control group. Nonsignificant differences were found between males and females and between primary and secondary school students on their response to the program. State anxiety did not influence responsiveness to the program, but students with lower levels of trait anxiety (pre-test) made significantly greater improvements on emotional coping responses compared to students with higher levels of trait anxiety. Implications of these findings are discussed as well as limitations and considerations for future research.
{"title":"Empowering the Victims of Bullying: The ‘Bullying: The Power to Cope’ Program","authors":"Jesse STEWART, Michael E. BERNARD","doi":"10.24193/jebp.2023.2.15","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.24193/jebp.2023.2.15","url":null,"abstract":"This study replicates an earlier study (Markopolous & Bernard, 2015) that evaluated the impact of the program, Bullying: The Power to Cope (Bernard, 2019) on potential victim’s cognitive, emotional and behavioral responses. The program is aimed at teaching student rational beliefs and coping skills they can employ to cope with various types of bullying. In the present study, participating classes were randomly allocated to either an experimental or control condition. The study conducted in Melbourne, Victoria, Australia, consisted 115 participants (n = 55, experimental group; n = 60 in the control group), 57 males and 58 females, aged 10 to 14 years of age. Self-report data was collected pre- and post-test, measuring children’s cognitive, behavioral and emotional coping responses to four written bullying vignettes. Measures of state and trait anxiety were also collected at pre- and post-tests. Results revealed students in the experimental group significantly improved in cognitive and emotional coping responses compared with students in the control group. Nonsignificant differences were found between males and females and between primary and secondary school students on their response to the program. State anxiety did not influence responsiveness to the program, but students with lower levels of trait anxiety (pre-test) made significantly greater improvements on emotional coping responses compared to students with higher levels of trait anxiety. Implications of these findings are discussed as well as limitations and considerations for future research.","PeriodicalId":43042,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Evidence-Based Psychotherapies","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135736337","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The ideals of beauty and appearance imposed by today’s popular society are becoming increasingly important in all stages of life. Correspondingly, research on the concepts of self-objectification, appearance anxiety, body image, and well-being has increased in recent years. Hence, this study aims to investigate whether social appearance anxiety and body image mediate the relation between self-objectification and subjective well-being in a Turkish sample. The study included 480 participants between the ages of 18 and 30. Participants were assessed using measurement tools for self-objectification, social appearance anxiety, body image, and subjective well-being. According to the serial mediation analysis, self-objectification had a negative effect on subjective well-being that was statistically significant. Additionally, it was concluded that social appearance anxiety and body image play a mediating role in the relationship between self-objectification and subjective well-being. It can be argued that the results obtained have both theoretical and practical importance for the related literature.
{"title":"Self-Objectification and Subjective Well-Being: A Serial Mediation Analysis on the Role of Social Appearance Anxiety and Body Image","authors":"Ezgi SAYLAN, Vesile SOYYIĞIT","doi":"10.24193/jebp.2023.2.13","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.24193/jebp.2023.2.13","url":null,"abstract":"The ideals of beauty and appearance imposed by today’s popular society are becoming increasingly important in all stages of life. Correspondingly, research on the concepts of self-objectification, appearance anxiety, body image, and well-being has increased in recent years. Hence, this study aims to investigate whether social appearance anxiety and body image mediate the relation between self-objectification and subjective well-being in a Turkish sample. The study included 480 participants between the ages of 18 and 30. Participants were assessed using measurement tools for self-objectification, social appearance anxiety, body image, and subjective well-being. According to the serial mediation analysis, self-objectification had a negative effect on subjective well-being that was statistically significant. Additionally, it was concluded that social appearance anxiety and body image play a mediating role in the relationship between self-objectification and subjective well-being. It can be argued that the results obtained have both theoretical and practical importance for the related literature.","PeriodicalId":43042,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Evidence-Based Psychotherapies","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135736341","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Procrastination is often associated with negative outcomes such as poor performance and well-being. Theoretical models suggest that individuals with an uncertain self-concept may be more prone to procrastination due to their fear of failing to meet the required standard. To investigate this issue from a cognitive perspective, a cross-sectional study was conducted to examine the relationships among self-doubt, fear of negative evaluation, procrastination, and rational/irrational beliefs. The study involved 344 highly educated adults (65.4% female, M= 37.51 years, SD = 8.53, range 21-63). Participants completed a questionnaire booklet that included several measures, including the Self-doubt Scale, the Procrastination Scale, the Fear of Negative Evaluation Scale, and the Irrational/Rational Beliefs Scale. The findings from the mediation analysis indicate that the influence of self-doubt on procrastination is partially mediated by fear of negative evaluation. Furthermore, the indirect effect of self-doubt on procrastination through the mediation of fear of negative evaluation is contingent upon the level of irrational beliefs. These results suggest that irrational beliefs may exacerbate the detrimental impact of self-doubt on procrastination by amplifying the role of fear of negative evaluation. Furthermore, the strength of the direct effect of self-doubt on procrastination depends on the level of rational belief, indicating that rational belief may serve as a protective variable in the relationship between self-doubt and procrastination. The present findings underline interventions to strengthen individuals' rational beliefs and modify their irrational beliefs, which can play a fundamental role in overcoming procrastination in the adult population.
{"title":"Procrastination Among Adults: The Role of Self-doubt, Fear of the Negative Evaluation, and Irrational/Rational Beliefs","authors":"Erdinç DURU, Murat BALKIS, Sibel DURU","doi":"10.24193/jebp.2023.2.11","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.24193/jebp.2023.2.11","url":null,"abstract":"Procrastination is often associated with negative outcomes such as poor performance and well-being. Theoretical models suggest that individuals with an uncertain self-concept may be more prone to procrastination due to their fear of failing to meet the required standard. To investigate this issue from a cognitive perspective, a cross-sectional study was conducted to examine the relationships among self-doubt, fear of negative evaluation, procrastination, and rational/irrational beliefs. The study involved 344 highly educated adults (65.4% female, M= 37.51 years, SD = 8.53, range 21-63). Participants completed a questionnaire booklet that included several measures, including the Self-doubt Scale, the Procrastination Scale, the Fear of Negative Evaluation Scale, and the Irrational/Rational Beliefs Scale. The findings from the mediation analysis indicate that the influence of self-doubt on procrastination is partially mediated by fear of negative evaluation. Furthermore, the indirect effect of self-doubt on procrastination through the mediation of fear of negative evaluation is contingent upon the level of irrational beliefs. These results suggest that irrational beliefs may exacerbate the detrimental impact of self-doubt on procrastination by amplifying the role of fear of negative evaluation. Furthermore, the strength of the direct effect of self-doubt on procrastination depends on the level of rational belief, indicating that rational belief may serve as a protective variable in the relationship between self-doubt and procrastination. The present findings underline interventions to strengthen individuals' rational beliefs and modify their irrational beliefs, which can play a fundamental role in overcoming procrastination in the adult population.","PeriodicalId":43042,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Evidence-Based Psychotherapies","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135736336","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Bingqian LIU, Qiang XIE, Ye GUAN, Ashley Y. ZHOU, Angelica J. ZHANG, Xinghua LIU
"Objective: The present study aimed to investigate the intermediary role of distress tolerance in Mindfulness-Based Intervention (MBI) with respect to self-perceived stress reduction. Method: One hundred and twenty-nine adults with a high level of emotional distress were randomized into MBI groups or a waiting-list group. Levels of mindfulness skills, self-perceived stress, and distress tolerance (tolerance, appraisal, absorption, and regulation) were measured four times: pre-test, week 3, week 6, and post-test. Results: The developmental trajectories modeled by the univariate latent growth curve showed that the factor intervention significantly predicted the slope of observing, non-reactivity, overall mindfulness, and distress appraisal during first six weeks. Bivariate latent growth curve models demonstrated a significant association between increases in the growth rate of distress appraisal and non-reactivity in participants receiving mindfulness training. Such an association was not observed among those who did not receive an MBI. Longitudinal mediation analyses further revealed that the effect of MBI on non-reactivity and self-perceived stress at week 6 was fully mediated by distress appraisal at week 3, respectively."
{"title":"The Longitudinal Mediating Effect of Distress Tolerance in a Mindfulness-Based Intervention: A Randomized Controlled Trial","authors":"Bingqian LIU, Qiang XIE, Ye GUAN, Ashley Y. ZHOU, Angelica J. ZHANG, Xinghua LIU","doi":"10.24193/jebp.2023.2.10","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.24193/jebp.2023.2.10","url":null,"abstract":"\"Objective: The present study aimed to investigate the intermediary role of distress tolerance in Mindfulness-Based Intervention (MBI) with respect to self-perceived stress reduction. Method: One hundred and twenty-nine adults with a high level of emotional distress were randomized into MBI groups or a waiting-list group. Levels of mindfulness skills, self-perceived stress, and distress tolerance (tolerance, appraisal, absorption, and regulation) were measured four times: pre-test, week 3, week 6, and post-test. Results: The developmental trajectories modeled by the univariate latent growth curve showed that the factor intervention significantly predicted the slope of observing, non-reactivity, overall mindfulness, and distress appraisal during first six weeks. Bivariate latent growth curve models demonstrated a significant association between increases in the growth rate of distress appraisal and non-reactivity in participants receiving mindfulness training. Such an association was not observed among those who did not receive an MBI. Longitudinal mediation analyses further revealed that the effect of MBI on non-reactivity and self-perceived stress at week 6 was fully mediated by distress appraisal at week 3, respectively.\"","PeriodicalId":43042,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Evidence-Based Psychotherapies","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135736331","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
A. M. I. D. ABESINGHE, K. P. D. K. I. KATUWAWELA, K. P. W. LAKMALI, N. L. JAYANETTI, K. G. P. K. MUNIDASA, B. Sunil S. DE SILVA, Fayz M. M. T. MARIKAR
"Background- Although Mental health literacy (MHL) among public has been widely studied in many countries, there are few studies on MHL in Srilanka. MHL is important as it is closely related to help seeking behavior and mental health outcomes. Poor MHL has been a major barrier on improving mental health care in Sri Lanka. The objective of this study was to describe MHL in terms of ability to recognize mental health problems, knowledge of helpful interventions and professional help available. The association between socioeconomic variables and MHL was also identified. Methods- This descriptive cross-sectional study used a pretested questionnaire on 430 people aged between 18-60, where MHL was assessed using four case vignettes. The vignettes represented depression with suicidal ideation, social phobia, schizophrenia, and dementia. Results- The response rates for recognition as a mental health problem was 83.7% (n=297) for the depression vignette, 80.8% (n=287) for schizophrenia vignette, 56.6% (n= 201) for dementia vignette and 54.4% (n= 193) for social phobia vignette. Satisfactory levels for the ability to recognize professional services were 44.5% (n= 158) for both depression and schizophrenia vignettes and 37.7% (n= 134) for dementia and social phobia vignettes. Satisfactory levels in recognizing helpful interventions were 43.4% (n= 154) for social phobia vignette, 27.9% (n= 99) for schizophrenia vignette, 21.1% (n= 75) for dementia vignette and 20.3% (n= 72) for depression vignette. A statistically significant association was found among the educational level and the ability to recognize mental health problems, the ability to recognize professional services and knowledge of helpful interventions. Conclusion- Though the majority was able to recognize the mental disorders as mental health problems, their knowledge of professional services and helpful interventions were relatively very low. Therefore, the MHL of the target population is inadequate comparing to the most of western countries. There is an urgent need for mental health education initiatives to improve MHL among the public considering their socioeconomic background in Sri Lanka. "
{"title":"Mental health literacy: A Survey of the Public’s Ability to Recognize Mental Disorders and Their Knowledge about the Effectiveness of Helpful Interventions to Help the Victims","authors":"A. M. I. D. ABESINGHE, K. P. D. K. I. KATUWAWELA, K. P. W. LAKMALI, N. L. JAYANETTI, K. G. P. K. MUNIDASA, B. Sunil S. DE SILVA, Fayz M. M. T. MARIKAR","doi":"10.24193/jebp.2023.2.16","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.24193/jebp.2023.2.16","url":null,"abstract":"\"Background- Although Mental health literacy (MHL) among public has been widely studied in many countries, there are few studies on MHL in Srilanka. MHL is important as it is closely related to help seeking behavior and mental health outcomes. Poor MHL has been a major barrier on improving mental health care in Sri Lanka. The objective of this study was to describe MHL in terms of ability to recognize mental health problems, knowledge of helpful interventions and professional help available. The association between socioeconomic variables and MHL was also identified. Methods- This descriptive cross-sectional study used a pretested questionnaire on 430 people aged between 18-60, where MHL was assessed using four case vignettes. The vignettes represented depression with suicidal ideation, social phobia, schizophrenia, and dementia. Results- The response rates for recognition as a mental health problem was 83.7% (n=297) for the depression vignette, 80.8% (n=287) for schizophrenia vignette, 56.6% (n= 201) for dementia vignette and 54.4% (n= 193) for social phobia vignette. Satisfactory levels for the ability to recognize professional services were 44.5% (n= 158) for both depression and schizophrenia vignettes and 37.7% (n= 134) for dementia and social phobia vignettes. Satisfactory levels in recognizing helpful interventions were 43.4% (n= 154) for social phobia vignette, 27.9% (n= 99) for schizophrenia vignette, 21.1% (n= 75) for dementia vignette and 20.3% (n= 72) for depression vignette. A statistically significant association was found among the educational level and the ability to recognize mental health problems, the ability to recognize professional services and knowledge of helpful interventions. Conclusion- Though the majority was able to recognize the mental disorders as mental health problems, their knowledge of professional services and helpful interventions were relatively very low. Therefore, the MHL of the target population is inadequate comparing to the most of western countries. There is an urgent need for mental health education initiatives to improve MHL among the public considering their socioeconomic background in Sri Lanka. \"","PeriodicalId":43042,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Evidence-Based Psychotherapies","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135736158","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The Three-Domain Disgust Scale (TDDS) contains three subscales assessing disgust sensitivity that may contribute to research on developing and maintaining psychopathology and treating psychopathologies related to disgust. This study aimed to adapt and evaluate the psychometric properties of the TDDS Turkish version. Two hundred and thirty-six participants responded to the scale consisting of 131 individuals with Obsessive Compulsive Disorder (OCD) and consisting of 105 non-clinical samples. Confirmatory Factor Analyses (CFAs) and multigroup CFAs were performed to evaluate the factor structure and the measurement invariance across clinically disordered TDDS. Reliability analyses were calculated with Cronbach’s alpha and a one-month retest. Besides, the convergent and discriminant validity of the TDDS were examined with the Beck Depression Inventory, Disgust Scale-Revised, Guilt Inventory, and State-Trait Anxiety Inventory. The study found that the three-factor structure of the TDDS was the best fit for the data, with high item-factor loadings, which proved invariant across clinically disordered. Convergent and discriminative validity of the TDDS was provided, and the reliability analysis results were satisfactory (all ≥ 0.70) in two samples. The TDDS presented high cross- language replicability and seemed an effective instrument for research in Turkish adults.
{"title":"Psychometric Evaluation of the Turkish Version of the Three-Domain Disgust Scale in Obsessive Compulsive Disorder and Non-Clinical Samples","authors":"Esengul EKICI, Kadir OZDEL","doi":"10.24193/jebp.2023.2.12","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.24193/jebp.2023.2.12","url":null,"abstract":"The Three-Domain Disgust Scale (TDDS) contains three subscales assessing disgust sensitivity that may contribute to research on developing and maintaining psychopathology and treating psychopathologies related to disgust. This study aimed to adapt and evaluate the psychometric properties of the TDDS Turkish version. Two hundred and thirty-six participants responded to the scale consisting of 131 individuals with Obsessive Compulsive Disorder (OCD) and consisting of 105 non-clinical samples. Confirmatory Factor Analyses (CFAs) and multigroup CFAs were performed to evaluate the factor structure and the measurement invariance across clinically disordered TDDS. Reliability analyses were calculated with Cronbach’s alpha and a one-month retest. Besides, the convergent and discriminant validity of the TDDS were examined with the Beck Depression Inventory, Disgust Scale-Revised, Guilt Inventory, and State-Trait Anxiety Inventory. The study found that the three-factor structure of the TDDS was the best fit for the data, with high item-factor loadings, which proved invariant across clinically disordered. Convergent and discriminative validity of the TDDS was provided, and the reliability analysis results were satisfactory (all ≥ 0.70) in two samples. The TDDS presented high cross- language replicability and seemed an effective instrument for research in Turkish adults.","PeriodicalId":43042,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Evidence-Based Psychotherapies","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135736335","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Jelle VAN MALSEN, Anja GREEVEN, Arnold VAN EMMERIK
Exposure therapy is an effective psychotherapeutic intervention for anxiety disorders, obsessive-compulsive disorder, and acute or posttraumatic stress disorder. Despite its effectiveness, exposure therapy is underutilized in situations in which it could be beneficial for patients. Negative beliefs about exposure therapy in therapists may partly explain this. This study therefore investigated the effect of a one-day training in exposure therapy on beliefs about exposure therapy in 81 experienced therapists with mostly cognitive behavioral orientations. In addition, anxiety sensitivity and intolerance of uncertainty were tested as predictors of this effect. Results showed that a one-day training had a significant moderate positive effect on therapist beliefs about exposure therapy. The magnitude of this effect was not predicted by anxiety sensitivity or intolerance of uncertainty in therapists. Further research is needed that includes control conditions and longer posttest intervals, investigates the effect of exposure training in therapists with different theoretical orientations, and examines if changes in beliefs about exposure therapy mediate the effect of exposure training on actual therapist behaviors.
{"title":"Effect of Training on Beliefs About Exposure Therapy in Experienced Therapists","authors":"Jelle VAN MALSEN, Anja GREEVEN, Arnold VAN EMMERIK","doi":"10.24193/jebp.2023.2.14","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.24193/jebp.2023.2.14","url":null,"abstract":"Exposure therapy is an effective psychotherapeutic intervention for anxiety disorders, obsessive-compulsive disorder, and acute or posttraumatic stress disorder. Despite its effectiveness, exposure therapy is underutilized in situations in which it could be beneficial for patients. Negative beliefs about exposure therapy in therapists may partly explain this. This study therefore investigated the effect of a one-day training in exposure therapy on beliefs about exposure therapy in 81 experienced therapists with mostly cognitive behavioral orientations. In addition, anxiety sensitivity and intolerance of uncertainty were tested as predictors of this effect. Results showed that a one-day training had a significant moderate positive effect on therapist beliefs about exposure therapy. The magnitude of this effect was not predicted by anxiety sensitivity or intolerance of uncertainty in therapists. Further research is needed that includes control conditions and longer posttest intervals, investigates the effect of exposure training in therapists with different theoretical orientations, and examines if changes in beliefs about exposure therapy mediate the effect of exposure training on actual therapist behaviors.","PeriodicalId":43042,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Evidence-Based Psychotherapies","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135736334","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
D. V. Figueiredo, P. Vagos, Ana Ganho-Ávila, M. do Céu Salvador, Luiza Nobre-Lima, D. Rijo
Clark and Wells’ model for social anxiety proposed several maintenance factors for social anxiety (SA), which is assumed to exist in a continuum from normative to pathological levels (i.e., Social Anxiety Disorder – SAD). Based on these premises, we used a cross-sectional design to investigate pathways linking those maintenance factors to SA, in adolescents (Mage = 16.02, SD = .97) with SAD (n = 30) and healthy controls (n = 23), who filled in self-report questionnaires about those variables. Separate moderation models were tested using the same dependent variable (i.e., SA) and different independent variables (i.e., Negative Social Thoughts and Beliefs, Self-focused Attention, and Safety-seeking Behaviors); group was the moderating variable. All variables were significant predictors of SA, explaining between 80% (i.e., Self-focused Attention) and 83% (i.e., Safety-seeking Behaviors and Negative Social Thoughts and Beliefs) of its variance. Group was never a significant moderator. These results favor Clark and Wells’ model for explaining SA along its continuum. The pervasiveness of negative cognitions, safety-seeking behaviors, and self-focused attention in adolescents with SAD seems to contribute to a more disrupting experience of SA. As such, addressing these maintenance factors may be useful, as a preventive and remedial approach to SA in adolescence.
{"title":"What explains social anxiety in adolescents with Social Anxiety Disorder and healthy controls? The applicability of the Clark and Wells’ model","authors":"D. V. Figueiredo, P. Vagos, Ana Ganho-Ávila, M. do Céu Salvador, Luiza Nobre-Lima, D. Rijo","doi":"10.24193/jebp.2023.1.2","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.24193/jebp.2023.1.2","url":null,"abstract":"Clark and Wells’ model for social anxiety proposed several maintenance factors for social anxiety (SA), which is assumed to exist in a continuum from normative to pathological levels (i.e., Social Anxiety Disorder – SAD). Based on these premises, we used a cross-sectional design to investigate pathways linking those maintenance factors to SA, in adolescents (Mage = 16.02, SD = .97) with SAD (n = 30) and healthy controls (n = 23), who filled in self-report questionnaires about those variables. Separate moderation models were tested using the same dependent variable (i.e., SA) and different independent variables (i.e., Negative Social Thoughts and Beliefs, Self-focused Attention, and Safety-seeking Behaviors); group was the moderating variable. All variables were significant predictors of SA, explaining between 80% (i.e., Self-focused Attention) and 83% (i.e., Safety-seeking Behaviors and Negative Social Thoughts and Beliefs) of its variance. Group was never a significant moderator. These results favor Clark and Wells’ model for explaining SA along its continuum. The pervasiveness of negative cognitions, safety-seeking behaviors, and self-focused attention in adolescents with SAD seems to contribute to a more disrupting experience of SA. As such, addressing these maintenance factors may be useful, as a preventive and remedial approach to SA in adolescence.","PeriodicalId":43042,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Evidence-Based Psychotherapies","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2023-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42038194","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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