Aim: To evaluate burnout, anxiety and depression levels in nurses directly involved in the care of Covid-19 patients. Furthermore, particular attention was paid to the existence of any differences between male and female nurses to evaluate whether the variables considered can be influenced by the gender variable. Design: A cohort case-report study was carry out. Sample: All Italian nurses who were at front line in the care of the Covid-19 patients were involved. Measurement: The on line questionnaire collected data as regards: gender and years of work experience;the Maslach Burnout Inventory questionnaire (MBI) and the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS) questionnaire. Results: Certainly the experience of the pandemic was very emotional for nurses engaged in the front line in the care of Covid-19 patients. However, anxiety and depression levels turned out to be normal, while some nurses experienced them in the dimensions of emotional exhaustion and depersonalization of the burnout rating scale. Conclusion: The practical implication was the implementation of support policies for nurses in tackling the problem of burnout more than that of anxiety or depression.
{"title":"Anxiety, Burnout and Depression Levels According to Sex and Years of Work Experience in Italian Nurses Engaged in the Care of Covid-19 Patients","authors":"E. Vitale, Salvatrice Casolaro","doi":"10.24193/JEBP.2021.1.6","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.24193/JEBP.2021.1.6","url":null,"abstract":"Aim: To evaluate burnout, anxiety and depression levels in nurses directly involved in the care of Covid-19 patients. Furthermore, particular attention was paid to the existence of any differences between male and female nurses to evaluate whether the variables considered can be influenced by the gender variable. Design: A cohort case-report study was carry out. Sample: All Italian nurses who were at front line in the care of the Covid-19 patients were involved. Measurement: The on line questionnaire collected data as regards: gender and years of work experience;the Maslach Burnout Inventory questionnaire (MBI) and the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS) questionnaire. Results: Certainly the experience of the pandemic was very emotional for nurses engaged in the front line in the care of Covid-19 patients. However, anxiety and depression levels turned out to be normal, while some nurses experienced them in the dimensions of emotional exhaustion and depersonalization of the burnout rating scale. Conclusion: The practical implication was the implementation of support policies for nurses in tackling the problem of burnout more than that of anxiety or depression.","PeriodicalId":43042,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Evidence-Based Psychotherapies","volume":"21 1","pages":"83-95"},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2021-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44948675","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
"Grounded in cognitive theory, the schema therapy model of psychopathology proposes a set of maladaptive cognitive structures, called early maladaptive schemas, resulting from the invalidation of emotional needs. More recently, the schema therapy model has been adapted for use with depressed clients. However, the utility of addressing emotional needs in the psychotherapeutic treatment of depression has not been established. The present paper aims to provide a narrative review of the current literature on basic needs as motivational factors in depression and their relation to schematic functioning. Theoretical considerations and practical evidence on the use of constructs related to basic motivation in depression are drawn from the literature on the cognitive and schema therapy-based models of depression. The implications for the theoretical understanding of needs are discussed, as are future directions for the research of schematic functioning in depression."
{"title":"Emotional Needs and Schematic Functioning in Depression: A Narrative Review","authors":"Paula Stroian","doi":"10.24193/JEBP.2021.1.2","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.24193/JEBP.2021.1.2","url":null,"abstract":"\"Grounded in cognitive theory, the schema therapy model of psychopathology\u0000proposes a set of maladaptive cognitive structures, called early maladaptive\u0000schemas, resulting from the invalidation of emotional needs. More recently,\u0000the schema therapy model has been adapted for use with depressed clients.\u0000However, the utility of addressing emotional needs in the psychotherapeutic\u0000treatment of depression has not been established. The present paper aims to\u0000provide a narrative review of the current literature on basic needs as\u0000motivational factors in depression and their relation to schematic\u0000functioning. Theoretical considerations and practical evidence on the use of\u0000constructs related to basic motivation in depression are drawn from the\u0000literature on the cognitive and schema therapy-based models of depression.\u0000The implications for the theoretical understanding of needs are discussed, as\u0000are future directions for the research of schematic functioning in depression.\"","PeriodicalId":43042,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Evidence-Based Psychotherapies","volume":"21 1","pages":"21-36"},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2021-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48786479","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
"Depression, anxiety and sleep disorders are psychological risk factors that could impact the quality of life in cardiovascular patients. In this study, a theoretical model on the complex relationships between coping mechanisms, depression, anxiety and sleep disorders was studied in a sample of 274 cardiovascular patients. The maladaptive cognitive-emotional coping strategies that appeared to be correlated with these negative emotional pathologies were self-blaming, ruminating and catastrophizing, and the adaptive ones were positive refocusing, refocusing on planning and positive reassessment. A theoretical model that explains these relationships at a process level appears to have statistical significance and to have adequate goodness of fit. In this model, there are statistically significant direct effects of maladaptive and adaptive coping mechanisms on depression and anxiety, a significant effect of anxiety on depression, as well as statistically significant positive effects of depression and anxiety on sleep disorders. The age has been controlled for in the model and the severity of the illness appears to have a moderating role in this context, with a stronger effect of anxiety on depression for patients with more severe illnesses. The practical implications of these results in psychological counselling addressed to cardiovascular patients are discussed."
{"title":"\"The Relationships between Coping Mechanisms, Depression,\u0000Anxiety and Sleep Disorders in Cardiovascular Patients\"","authors":"A. Mustață","doi":"10.24193/JEBP.2021.1.3","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.24193/JEBP.2021.1.3","url":null,"abstract":"\"Depression, anxiety and sleep disorders are psychological risk factors that\u0000could impact the quality of life in cardiovascular patients. In this study, a\u0000theoretical model on the complex relationships between coping mechanisms,\u0000depression, anxiety and sleep disorders was studied in a sample of 274\u0000cardiovascular patients. The maladaptive cognitive-emotional coping\u0000strategies that appeared to be correlated with these negative emotional\u0000pathologies were self-blaming, ruminating and catastrophizing, and the\u0000adaptive ones were positive refocusing, refocusing on planning and positive\u0000reassessment. A theoretical model that explains these relationships at a\u0000process level appears to have statistical significance and to have adequate\u0000goodness of fit. In this model, there are statistically significant direct effects\u0000of maladaptive and adaptive coping mechanisms on depression and anxiety,\u0000a significant effect of anxiety on depression, as well as statistically\u0000significant positive effects of depression and anxiety on sleep disorders. The\u0000age has been controlled for in the model and the severity of the illness\u0000appears to have a moderating role in this context, with a stronger effect of\u0000anxiety on depression for patients with more severe illnesses. The practical\u0000implications of these results in psychological counselling addressed to\u0000cardiovascular patients are discussed.\"","PeriodicalId":43042,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Evidence-Based Psychotherapies","volume":"21 1","pages":"37-56"},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2021-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43293697","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
"This preliminary investigation aims to develop a new measure for momentary experiential avoidance in daily life using ecological momentary assessment (EMA) and a small sample. To measure momentary experiential avoidance, this study devised a new method that involves capturing reductions in unwanted experiences after a behavior has occurred based on negative reinforcement characteristics. A daily life investigation on students (N = 25) indicated that although “a momentary experiential avoidance index” did not correlate with acceptance and commitment therapy or symptomrelated questionnaires, it could partially predict a decrease in “irritation” and an increase in “satisfaction” after a behavior that is measured separately from an unpleasant private experience preceding the behavior. Moreover, the momentary experiential avoidance index predicted a number of positive mood states only in a group with high global experiential avoidance defined by a self-report questionnaire. Although the momentary experiential avoidance index may measure one aspect of experiential avoidance, consistent results were not obtained. Thus, this preliminary investigation only suggests the potential of expanding the measurement framework and reveals issues that require further examination."
{"title":"\" Measuring Momentary Experiential Avoidance in Daily Life:\u0000A Preliminary Investigation for a New Contingency-Based\u0000Measurement Framework\"","authors":"Taiki Shima, Kazuya Inoue, T. Muto, H. Kumano","doi":"10.24193/JEBP.2021.1.8","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.24193/JEBP.2021.1.8","url":null,"abstract":"\"This preliminary investigation aims to develop a new measure for\u0000momentary experiential avoidance in daily life using ecological momentary\u0000assessment (EMA) and a small sample. To measure momentary experiential\u0000avoidance, this study devised a new method that involves capturing\u0000reductions in unwanted experiences after a behavior has occurred based on\u0000negative reinforcement characteristics. A daily life investigation on students (N = 25) indicated that although “a momentary experiential avoidance index” did not correlate with acceptance and commitment therapy or symptomrelated questionnaires, it could partially predict a decrease in “irritation” and an increase in “satisfaction” after a behavior that is measured separately from an unpleasant private experience preceding the behavior. Moreover, the momentary experiential avoidance index predicted a number of positive mood states only in a group with high global experiential avoidance defined by a self-report questionnaire. Although the momentary experiential avoidance index may measure one aspect of experiential avoidance, consistent results were not obtained. Thus, this preliminary investigation only suggests the potential of expanding the measurement framework and reveals issues that require further examination.\"","PeriodicalId":43042,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Evidence-Based Psychotherapies","volume":"21 1","pages":"113-132"},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2021-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42968645","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
"The incidence of psychological distress (such as anxiety and depression) is high in COPD patients. CBT has been proved to reduce depression and anxiety and enhance quality of life. This meta-analysis evaluated the effectiveness of cognitive behavioral therapy(CBT) on patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease(COPD). The following electronic databases were searched from inception to March 2020: PubMed, EMBase, Cochrane Library, Web of Science, Medline, OVID, CINAHL, Chinese Biomedical Literature Database (CBM), China National Knowledge Infrastructure (CNKI), Wangfang Database (WF), PsycARTICLES, VIP database. The Scopus and Google scholar database that we did not use. Randomized controlled trials (RCTs) that compared CBT with routine methods of care in COPD were retrieved in electronic databases. The Cochrane Risk of Bias Tool and Review Manager version 5.3 were used for risk of bias assessment and meta-analysis, respectively. Both data synthesis and descriptive analysis were used for outcome assessment. A total of 10 RCTs involving 1173 patients were included. Data synthesis showed that CBT was statistically significant in improving short- and medium-term depression and treatment compliance. Mediumterm anxiety and quality of life were improved among COPD patients receiving CBT, although no significant effect was found for short-term quality of life and anxiety. Descriptive analysis showed that CBT could reduce dyspnea. No clear evidence supports the effectiveness on improving self-efficacy in COPD patients with the use of CBT (P > 0.05). CBT can be a useful strategy to improve the symptoms of depression, dyspnea and treatment compliance in patients with COPD. It can also improve patients’ quality of life and anxiety to some extent, but there is still lack of strong evidence in improving patients’ self-efficacy."
“慢性阻塞性肺病患者的心理困扰(如焦虑和抑郁)发生率很高。CBT已被证明可以减少抑郁和焦虑，提高生活质量。本荟萃分析评估了认知行为疗法(CBT)对慢性阻塞性肺疾病(COPD)患者的有效性。从建库到2020年3月，检索了以下电子数据库:PubMed、EMBase、Cochrane Library、Web of Science、Medline、OVID、CINAHL、中国生物医学文献数据库(CBM)、中国知网(CNKI)、望方数据库(WF)、PsycARTICLES、VIP数据库。我们没有使用的Scopus和谷歌学者数据库。在电子数据库中检索了比较CBT与常规COPD治疗方法的随机对照试验(RCTs)。分别使用Cochrane Risk of Bias Tool和Review Manager version 5.3进行偏倚风险评估和meta分析。结果评估采用数据综合和描述性分析两种方法。共纳入10项rct，涉及1173例患者。数据综合显示CBT在改善中短期抑郁和治疗依从性方面具有统计学意义。接受CBT治疗的COPD患者的中期焦虑和生活质量得到改善，但对短期生活质量和焦虑没有显著影响。描述性分析显示CBT可减轻呼吸困难。没有明确的证据支持CBT对改善COPD患者自我效能的有效性(P < 0.05)。CBT可以是改善COPD患者抑郁、呼吸困难症状和治疗依从性的有效策略。它也可以在一定程度上改善患者的生活质量和焦虑，但在提高患者自我效能方面仍缺乏强有力的证据。”
{"title":"Effectiveness of Cognitive Behavioral Therapy on Health Outcomes in Patients with Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis","authors":"Lin Xie, Xiaomin Zhu, Miao Liu, Yang Liu","doi":"10.24193/jebp.2020.2.17","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.24193/jebp.2020.2.17","url":null,"abstract":"\"The incidence of psychological distress (such as anxiety and depression) is high in COPD patients. CBT has been proved to reduce depression and anxiety and enhance quality of life. This meta-analysis evaluated the effectiveness of cognitive behavioral therapy(CBT) on patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease(COPD). The following electronic databases were searched from inception to March\u00002020: PubMed, EMBase, Cochrane Library, Web of Science, Medline, OVID, CINAHL, Chinese Biomedical Literature Database (CBM), China\u0000National Knowledge Infrastructure (CNKI), Wangfang Database (WF), PsycARTICLES, VIP database. The Scopus and Google scholar database that we did not use. Randomized controlled trials (RCTs) that compared CBT with routine methods of care in COPD were retrieved in electronic databases. The Cochrane Risk of Bias Tool and Review Manager version 5.3 were used for risk of bias assessment and meta-analysis, respectively. Both data synthesis and descriptive analysis were used for outcome assessment. A total of 10 RCTs involving 1173 patients were included. Data synthesis showed that CBT was statistically significant in improving short- and medium-term depression and treatment compliance. Mediumterm anxiety and quality of life were improved among COPD patients receiving CBT, although no significant effect was found for short-term quality of life and anxiety. Descriptive analysis showed that CBT could reduce dyspnea. No clear evidence supports the effectiveness on improving self-efficacy in COPD patients with the use of CBT (P > 0.05).\u0000CBT can be a useful strategy to improve the symptoms of depression, dyspnea and treatment compliance in patients with COPD. It can also improve patients’ quality of life and anxiety to some extent, but there is still lack of strong evidence in improving patients’ self-efficacy.\"","PeriodicalId":43042,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Evidence-Based Psychotherapies","volume":"20 1","pages":"143-163"},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2020-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42224874","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Cyrille Kossigan Kokou-Kpolou, J. Cénat, M. N. Pérez-Marfil, M. Fernández-Alcántara
The COVID-19 pandemic is causing unprecedented cumulative deaths and leaving behind millions of bereaved families and individuals. Moreover, the pandemic is disrupting social fabrics in the conventional way we mourn our deads. In this context therefore, how can psychologists, psychiatrists and other health care professionals help bereaved families and individuals more effectively? This opinion paper proposed five recommendations that cover mental health care needs and challenges which may emerge from the management of these traumatic deaths. In all, efforts to comply with either DSM-5 or ICD-11 PGD guidelines could help COVID-19 bereaved persons with overwhelming distress, as they ensure therapists' use of appropriate terminologies in therapeutic alliances. However, clinicians need to have a global perspective of COVID-19 bereavement courses, political and public health measures due to the pandemic, and flexible attitudes about the ICD-11 and of DSM-5 time-criterion for diagnosis. This paper emphasizes the importance of social and collective recognition of COVID-19 deaths through various symbolic and materialized forms to free up collective and individual capacities for resilience. The necessity of individual and group interventions through online platforms is underscored, however these modes of therapies may not reinforce social inequalities by excluding bereaved individuals who really need them.
{"title":"How Can Psychologists and Psychiatrists Help COVID-19 Bereaved Persons:\u0000Five propositions to Understanding Contextual Challenges","authors":"Cyrille Kossigan Kokou-Kpolou, J. Cénat, M. N. Pérez-Marfil, M. Fernández-Alcántara","doi":"10.24193/jebp.2020.2.15","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.24193/jebp.2020.2.15","url":null,"abstract":"The COVID-19 pandemic is causing unprecedented cumulative deaths and leaving behind millions of bereaved families and individuals. Moreover, the pandemic is disrupting social fabrics in the conventional way we mourn our deads. In this context therefore, how can psychologists, psychiatrists and other health care professionals help bereaved families and individuals more effectively? This opinion paper proposed five recommendations that cover mental health care needs and challenges which may emerge from the management of these traumatic deaths. In all, efforts to comply with either DSM-5 or ICD-11 PGD guidelines could help COVID-19 bereaved persons with overwhelming distress, as they ensure therapists' use of appropriate terminologies in therapeutic alliances. However, clinicians need to have a global perspective of COVID-19 bereavement courses, political and public health measures due to the pandemic, and flexible attitudes about the ICD-11 and of DSM-5 time-criterion for diagnosis. This paper emphasizes the importance of social and collective recognition of COVID-19 deaths through various symbolic and materialized forms to free up collective and individual capacities for resilience. The necessity of individual and group interventions through online platforms is underscored, however these modes of therapies may not reinforce social inequalities by excluding bereaved individuals who really need them.","PeriodicalId":43042,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Evidence-Based Psychotherapies","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2020-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41413485","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Scientific research into the reduction of stigmatization, particularly related to specific problems such as Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder (OCD), is scarce. In the present study, we examine the impact of a video-based antistigma intervention program for OCD in a pretest-posttest control group research. After being randomly assigned to either an intervention (n= 101) or control group (n= 96), the participants reported their attitudes on a hypothetical case vignette before and after OCD vs. Multiple Sclerosis (MS) videos, and again six months later as a follow up assessment. The mixed design analyses for the group comparisons indicated that although there was no significant difference in the measures of the control group, the participants watching the anti-stigma OCD video, in which the focus was psychoeducation and interaction strategies, reported significantly lower scores on social distances and negative beliefs for the case vignettes they read, and this difference was maintained six months later. Then, the present results indicate the effectiveness of our anti-stigma intervention program for OCD. Interventions to reduce stigmatization can also be viewed as effective tools for changing the attitudes of people toward OCD, although further research and applications are needed related to specific disorders if a longlasting impact is to be achieved.
{"title":"Reducing the Social Stigma Associated with Obsessive Compulsive Disorder: A Controlled Trial of an Intervention Program in a Turkish Community Sample","authors":"Ayça Aktaç Gürbüz, O. Yorulmaz, G. Durna","doi":"10.24193/jebp.2020.2.14","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.24193/jebp.2020.2.14","url":null,"abstract":"Scientific research into the reduction of stigmatization, particularly related to specific problems such as Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder (OCD), is scarce. In the present study, we examine the impact of a video-based antistigma intervention program for OCD in a pretest-posttest control group research. After being randomly assigned to either an intervention (n= 101) or control group (n= 96), the participants reported their attitudes on a hypothetical case vignette before and after OCD vs. Multiple Sclerosis (MS) videos, and again six months later as a follow up assessment. The mixed design analyses for the group comparisons indicated that although there was no significant difference in the measures of the control group, the participants watching the anti-stigma OCD video, in which the focus was psychoeducation and interaction strategies, reported significantly lower scores on social distances and negative beliefs for the case vignettes they read, and this difference was maintained six months later. Then, the present results indicate the effectiveness of our anti-stigma intervention program for OCD. Interventions to reduce stigmatization can also be viewed as effective tools for changing the attitudes of people toward OCD, although further research and applications are needed related to specific disorders if a longlasting impact is to be achieved.","PeriodicalId":43042,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Evidence-Based Psychotherapies","volume":"20 1","pages":"101-120"},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2020-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41719947","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
S. Khodarahimi, E. Ghadampour, L. Heidaryani, A. Karami
{"title":"The Efficacy of Quality of Life-Therapy on Cognitive Flexibility and Family Cohesiveness in Outpatients with Opioid Use Disorder","authors":"S. Khodarahimi, E. Ghadampour, L. Heidaryani, A. Karami","doi":"10.24193/jebp.2020.2.16","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.24193/jebp.2020.2.16","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":43042,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Evidence-Based Psychotherapies","volume":"20 1","pages":"129-141"},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2020-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48942660","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Simona A. Pascal, Ioana R. Podina, Cătălin Nedelcea
Despite of several meta-analyses indicating that exposure-based treatments (EBT) are successful in addressing anxiety and fear symptoms, less is known whether this is also the case for disgust, which also accompanies anxiety disorders. Therefore, the aim of the current meta-analysis was to compare the efficacy of EBT on disgust and anxiety (emotional distress), against control condition. This meta-analysis included a total of eight studies. Overall, there was a medium effect size (g = .57, 95% CI: .26 to .88, p < .001) for emotional distress; a medium effect size for anxiety (g = .79, 95% CI: .24 to 1.34, p = .005), yet a small effect size for disgust (g = .36, 95% CI: .05 to .68, p = .024). These findings prompt that current EBT are not tailored to address disgust symptoms accompanying many forms of anxiety disorders, although literature points more and more to a need in this respect. We also examined potential moderator variables (the year of publication, the number of exposure sessions, age of the sample, and gender composition). Additionally, we discussed several strengths and limitations, one of the most important being the small number of studies regarding the subject and their heterogeneity.
{"title":"A Meta-Analysis on the Efficacy of Exposure-Based Treatment in Anxiety Disorders: Implications for Disgust","authors":"Simona A. Pascal, Ioana R. Podina, Cătălin Nedelcea","doi":"10.24193/jebp.2020.2.10","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.24193/jebp.2020.2.10","url":null,"abstract":"Despite of several meta-analyses indicating that exposure-based treatments (EBT) are successful in addressing anxiety and fear symptoms, less is known whether this is also the case for disgust, which also accompanies anxiety disorders. Therefore, the aim of the current meta-analysis was to compare the efficacy of EBT on disgust and anxiety (emotional distress), against control condition. This meta-analysis included a total of eight studies. Overall, there was a medium effect size (g = .57, 95% CI: .26 to .88, p < .001) for emotional distress; a medium effect size for anxiety (g = .79, 95% CI: .24 to 1.34, p = .005), yet a small effect size for disgust (g = .36, 95% CI: .05 to .68, p = .024). These findings prompt that current EBT are not tailored to address disgust symptoms accompanying many forms of anxiety disorders, although literature points more and more to a need in this respect. We also examined potential moderator variables (the year of publication, the number of exposure sessions, age of the sample, and gender composition). Additionally, we discussed several strengths and limitations, one of the most important being the small number of studies regarding the subject and their heterogeneity.","PeriodicalId":43042,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Evidence-Based Psychotherapies","volume":"20 1","pages":"31-49"},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2020-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47202006","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
F. Rad, I. Mihailescu, A. Buică, M. Stancu, E. Andrei, M. Ionescu, I. Dobrescu
"Background. In an attempt to find genetic explanations for the heterogeneous characteristics of autistic patients, research has shown that parents of autistic children are more likely than parents of neurotypical children to exhibit autistic-like characteristics, meeting the criteria for the so-called “broad autism phenotype” . Subclinical autistic traits have been identified in the families of children with ASD, in both fathers and mothers, but the way in which specific parental phenotypes influence the child’s pathology remains unclear. Methods. This study aimed to analyse the progress that a group of children with Autism Spectrum Disorders (ASD) have made during a behavioural therapy programme and the way their evolution has been influenced by the parents’ systemizing level. 52 participants (aged 2 to 5 years old) diagnosed with an Autism Spectrum Disorder and both of their parents were included in the study. The severity of ASD symptomatology was assessed using the ADOS-G instrument, at the beginning of the study (T0) and after one year of behavioural therapy as well (T1), while the parents’ systemizing level was evaluated using the self-report Systemizing Quotient (SQ). Results. The ADOS-G scores showed a significant improvement after one year of therapy in both Communication and Social Interaction domains. Only the fathers` systemizing level (SQF) had a significant effect on the ADOS-G scores after one year of therapy, with greater improvements reported for children having fathers with higher SQF scores. Conclusion. The significance of these findings is discussed in relation to the empathizing-systemizing (E-S) theory. We consider that it’s particularly important to continue investigating the way that specific parents’ traits, including their systemizing level or their possible broad autism phenotype, can influence the severity of their children’s ASD or the outcome of the behavioural intervention."
{"title":"Is the Progress of Children with ASD in a Behavioural Therapy Programme Influenced by Parents’ Hyper-Systemizing?","authors":"F. Rad, I. Mihailescu, A. Buică, M. Stancu, E. Andrei, M. Ionescu, I. Dobrescu","doi":"10.24193/jebp.2020.2.12","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.24193/jebp.2020.2.12","url":null,"abstract":"\"Background. In an attempt to find genetic explanations for the heterogeneous characteristics of autistic patients, research has shown that parents of autistic children are more likely than parents of neurotypical children to exhibit autistic-like characteristics, meeting the criteria for the so-called “broad autism phenotype” . Subclinical autistic traits have been identified in the families of children with ASD, in both fathers and mothers, but the way in which specific parental phenotypes influence the child’s pathology remains unclear.\u0000Methods. This study aimed to analyse the progress that a group of children with Autism Spectrum Disorders (ASD) have made during a behavioural therapy programme and the way their evolution has been influenced by the parents’ systemizing level. 52 participants (aged 2 to 5 years old) diagnosed with an Autism Spectrum Disorder and both of their parents were included in the study. The severity of ASD symptomatology was assessed using the ADOS-G instrument, at the beginning of the study (T0) and after one year of behavioural therapy as well (T1), while the parents’ systemizing level was evaluated using the self-report Systemizing Quotient (SQ).\u0000Results. The ADOS-G scores showed a significant improvement after one year of therapy in both Communication and Social Interaction domains. Only the fathers` systemizing level (SQF) had a significant effect on the ADOS-G scores after one year of therapy, with greater improvements reported for children having fathers with higher SQF scores.\u0000Conclusion. The significance of these findings is discussed in relation to the empathizing-systemizing (E-S) theory. We consider that it’s particularly important to continue investigating the way that specific parents’ traits, including their systemizing level or their possible broad autism phenotype, can influence the severity of their children’s ASD or the outcome of the behavioural intervention.\"","PeriodicalId":43042,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Evidence-Based Psychotherapies","volume":"20 1","pages":"67-78"},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2020-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47336185","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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