Pub Date : 2020-01-01DOI: 10.1109/iCoMET48670.2020.9073851
W. Uddin, M. Ishfaq, K. Zeb, S. Islam, Hee Je Kim, M. Khan, Z. Ullah, I. Khan, Khadim Ullah Jan, Muhammad Asim Sarwar
Modular Multilevel Converter (MMC) is very popular due to its flexibility, use of low rating devices, low harmonic distortion, and high efficiency. Despite these advantages, MMC faces challenges of controlling its parameters especially inner current and capacitor voltages. This paper presents the control of the inner current of MMC using Sliding Mode Controller (SMC). The switching function of SMC is based on 2nd order super twisting algorithm. The Proposed super twisting algorithm is proved to be efficient in controlling the inner current. The 2nd order harmonic is effectively suppressed, and the inner current is fully converged to its reference value. Moreover, the continuous nature of the super twisting algorithm solves the chattering issue. The implementation of MMC and its control is carried out in MATLAB/Simulink.
{"title":"Super twisting sliding mode control for inner current suppression of Modular Multilevel Converter","authors":"W. Uddin, M. Ishfaq, K. Zeb, S. Islam, Hee Je Kim, M. Khan, Z. Ullah, I. Khan, Khadim Ullah Jan, Muhammad Asim Sarwar","doi":"10.1109/iCoMET48670.2020.9073851","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/iCoMET48670.2020.9073851","url":null,"abstract":"Modular Multilevel Converter (MMC) is very popular due to its flexibility, use of low rating devices, low harmonic distortion, and high efficiency. Despite these advantages, MMC faces challenges of controlling its parameters especially inner current and capacitor voltages. This paper presents the control of the inner current of MMC using Sliding Mode Controller (SMC). The switching function of SMC is based on 2nd order super twisting algorithm. The Proposed super twisting algorithm is proved to be efficient in controlling the inner current. The 2nd order harmonic is effectively suppressed, and the inner current is fully converged to its reference value. Moreover, the continuous nature of the super twisting algorithm solves the chattering issue. The implementation of MMC and its control is carried out in MATLAB/Simulink.","PeriodicalId":431051,"journal":{"name":"2020 3rd International Conference on Computing, Mathematics and Engineering Technologies (iCoMET)","volume":"1620 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"121719232","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-01-01DOI: 10.1109/iCoMET48670.2020.9073799
Umer Asgher, Khurram Khalil, Y. Ayaz, Riaz Ahmad, Muhammad Jawad Khan
In the current era of technological advancements and rising human-machine interaction, urged the vital importance of human factors and ergonomics in an industrial collaborative environment. These ergonomic needs have made it essential to analyze the industrial cognitive processes like mental workload (MWL), stress and vigilance in the ecological environment. Conventionally Electroencephalography (EEG) was used for assessment of brain electrical activity but recently functional Near-Infrared Spectroscopy (fNIRS) has immerged as a better substitute for acquiring brain signals with fewer protocols and enhanced spatial resolution. Over the period of time Machine learning algorithms (LDA, k-NN, ANN) are used to classify MWL and affiliated brain functions. Now the trend of employing Deep learning techniques is gaining popularity. In this study, we analyzed and classified MWL states using Machine learning (SVM) and Deep learning (CNN) algorithms. The classification accuracies achieved with Deep learning (CNN) outperformed the accuracies achieved with Machine learning algorithms. The best accuracies were achieved using CNN that are in the range of 80-87%. Finally, a comparison is drawn between Machine learning and Deep learning algorithms for better classification and discrimination of cognitive loads.
{"title":"Classification of Mental Workload (MWL) using Support Vector Machines (SVM) and Convolutional Neural Networks (CNN)","authors":"Umer Asgher, Khurram Khalil, Y. Ayaz, Riaz Ahmad, Muhammad Jawad Khan","doi":"10.1109/iCoMET48670.2020.9073799","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/iCoMET48670.2020.9073799","url":null,"abstract":"In the current era of technological advancements and rising human-machine interaction, urged the vital importance of human factors and ergonomics in an industrial collaborative environment. These ergonomic needs have made it essential to analyze the industrial cognitive processes like mental workload (MWL), stress and vigilance in the ecological environment. Conventionally Electroencephalography (EEG) was used for assessment of brain electrical activity but recently functional Near-Infrared Spectroscopy (fNIRS) has immerged as a better substitute for acquiring brain signals with fewer protocols and enhanced spatial resolution. Over the period of time Machine learning algorithms (LDA, k-NN, ANN) are used to classify MWL and affiliated brain functions. Now the trend of employing Deep learning techniques is gaining popularity. In this study, we analyzed and classified MWL states using Machine learning (SVM) and Deep learning (CNN) algorithms. The classification accuracies achieved with Deep learning (CNN) outperformed the accuracies achieved with Machine learning algorithms. The best accuracies were achieved using CNN that are in the range of 80-87%. Finally, a comparison is drawn between Machine learning and Deep learning algorithms for better classification and discrimination of cognitive loads.","PeriodicalId":431051,"journal":{"name":"2020 3rd International Conference on Computing, Mathematics and Engineering Technologies (iCoMET)","volume":"62 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127618098","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-01-01DOI: 10.1109/iCoMET48670.2020.9073849
Waseem Ahmed, R. Memon, Abdul Fatah Abbasi
Industrialization plays major role in economic development and it is growing very rapidly to fulfil the requirements of resident by increasing production. However, creating financial advantages is no longer the sole goal of industrial growth in the present worldwide sustainable industrial development trend due to the depletion of ozone layer, eco system destruction and changed weather phenomena severely. Nowadays, increasing importance is given on the idea of compatible and continuous economic, ecological and social growth, and the use of eco-efficiency to assess the relationship among the environment influence and economic cost and Eco-industrial Park (EIP) is the solution of dropping environmental problems and promoting financial interests through the interchange of products and energy between sectors for mutual benefit. Thus, the main purpose of this research is to model an Eco-Industrial park in Sindh region in order to find the feasibility as well as cost savings benefits. To achieve this firstly, the literature review and field survey is carried out to identify the potential industries, which are suitable for establishing an Eco - Industrial park. Secondly, the data of wastes/by-products of these industries are determined, after that the model is prepared to show the material flow between the waste producing and utilizing industries. Finally, the possible utilization of these wastes/byproducts is worked out. It is estimated that the coal power plant produces 2273 tons of fly-ash, 239.9 tons of bottom ash and 300 tons of gypsum every day. Thus, utilizing these wastes/byproducts will save around Rs. 2.27 million daily.
{"title":"Development of Eco-Industrial Park in Sindh, Pakistan","authors":"Waseem Ahmed, R. Memon, Abdul Fatah Abbasi","doi":"10.1109/iCoMET48670.2020.9073849","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/iCoMET48670.2020.9073849","url":null,"abstract":"Industrialization plays major role in economic development and it is growing very rapidly to fulfil the requirements of resident by increasing production. However, creating financial advantages is no longer the sole goal of industrial growth in the present worldwide sustainable industrial development trend due to the depletion of ozone layer, eco system destruction and changed weather phenomena severely. Nowadays, increasing importance is given on the idea of compatible and continuous economic, ecological and social growth, and the use of eco-efficiency to assess the relationship among the environment influence and economic cost and Eco-industrial Park (EIP) is the solution of dropping environmental problems and promoting financial interests through the interchange of products and energy between sectors for mutual benefit. Thus, the main purpose of this research is to model an Eco-Industrial park in Sindh region in order to find the feasibility as well as cost savings benefits. To achieve this firstly, the literature review and field survey is carried out to identify the potential industries, which are suitable for establishing an Eco - Industrial park. Secondly, the data of wastes/by-products of these industries are determined, after that the model is prepared to show the material flow between the waste producing and utilizing industries. Finally, the possible utilization of these wastes/byproducts is worked out. It is estimated that the coal power plant produces 2273 tons of fly-ash, 239.9 tons of bottom ash and 300 tons of gypsum every day. Thus, utilizing these wastes/byproducts will save around Rs. 2.27 million daily.","PeriodicalId":431051,"journal":{"name":"2020 3rd International Conference on Computing, Mathematics and Engineering Technologies (iCoMET)","volume":"483 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"124497744","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-01-01DOI: 10.1109/iCoMET48670.2020.9074057
Liu Dunnan, Fazal Hussain Awan, Nasif Raza Jaffri, Shoaib Ahmad
Pakistan is a big country with diverse nature of land ranging from mountain, deserts to plain lands. There are eleven distribution companies to cover electrical power distribution over 100Million consumers. The field work of electrical distribution is sometimes life threating and tough. The consumers have their first interaction with distribution staff. A satisfied distribution staff led towards satisfied customer. The main objective of this research work is to look for the influence of various reward types on several variables of a company’s outcomes. These include worker outcomes and performance, like satisfaction from their jobs and turnover intention. Only remunerations alone do not encourage the workers’ attitudes and responses but their approach towards the remunerations regarding the fulfillment of their outcomes from the persuaded job. Employees manage their attitudes or responses, which might be positive or negative, depending on their fulfilment of remunerations. In the context of equity theory, if a worker thinks the outcome of his/her input to output percentage lacks in contrast to his/her colleagues, it might develop a sense of non-fulfilment and hence might lose their output efficacy.
{"title":"Role of Reward satisfaction on Employee Outcome: A case of power distribution sector of Pakistan","authors":"Liu Dunnan, Fazal Hussain Awan, Nasif Raza Jaffri, Shoaib Ahmad","doi":"10.1109/iCoMET48670.2020.9074057","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/iCoMET48670.2020.9074057","url":null,"abstract":"Pakistan is a big country with diverse nature of land ranging from mountain, deserts to plain lands. There are eleven distribution companies to cover electrical power distribution over 100Million consumers. The field work of electrical distribution is sometimes life threating and tough. The consumers have their first interaction with distribution staff. A satisfied distribution staff led towards satisfied customer. The main objective of this research work is to look for the influence of various reward types on several variables of a company’s outcomes. These include worker outcomes and performance, like satisfaction from their jobs and turnover intention. Only remunerations alone do not encourage the workers’ attitudes and responses but their approach towards the remunerations regarding the fulfillment of their outcomes from the persuaded job. Employees manage their attitudes or responses, which might be positive or negative, depending on their fulfilment of remunerations. In the context of equity theory, if a worker thinks the outcome of his/her input to output percentage lacks in contrast to his/her colleagues, it might develop a sense of non-fulfilment and hence might lose their output efficacy.","PeriodicalId":431051,"journal":{"name":"2020 3rd International Conference on Computing, Mathematics and Engineering Technologies (iCoMET)","volume":"9 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130890493","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-01-01DOI: 10.1109/iCoMET48670.2020.9073921
Liu Dunnan, Fazal Hussain Awan, Usama Abrar, A. Saleem, J. Yang, Shafaat Ali
Energy shortage in Pakistan from last ten-years encourages small and big industries to construct their own Power-plant. These plants range from 1MW to 20MW. The power plant has different departments to handle engineering, maintenance, operation and related issues. Human resource (HR) department has the presence to efficiently handle man-power. This academic work takes a look at how human resource (HR) practices fix people working in power plants and decrease employee embeddedness. Indeed, we inquired into the revolving repercussion of the organizational appointment embedded in an association between human resource (HR), and a member of staff revenue objective. The assumptions are experimented via data from 200 respondents from newly constructed power plants in Pakistan. As forecasted, performance appraisal and organizational rewards decreased turnover intentions. Employee development activities increased employees’ perceptions with greater turnover intentions. The results suggest that organizations hoping to use HR practices to deter turnover may experience the greatest success by using performance management and reward systems to increase perceptions of organizational fit.
{"title":"Newly Constructed Power Plants in Pakistan along-with HR Practices","authors":"Liu Dunnan, Fazal Hussain Awan, Usama Abrar, A. Saleem, J. Yang, Shafaat Ali","doi":"10.1109/iCoMET48670.2020.9073921","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/iCoMET48670.2020.9073921","url":null,"abstract":"Energy shortage in Pakistan from last ten-years encourages small and big industries to construct their own Power-plant. These plants range from 1MW to 20MW. The power plant has different departments to handle engineering, maintenance, operation and related issues. Human resource (HR) department has the presence to efficiently handle man-power. This academic work takes a look at how human resource (HR) practices fix people working in power plants and decrease employee embeddedness. Indeed, we inquired into the revolving repercussion of the organizational appointment embedded in an association between human resource (HR), and a member of staff revenue objective. The assumptions are experimented via data from 200 respondents from newly constructed power plants in Pakistan. As forecasted, performance appraisal and organizational rewards decreased turnover intentions. Employee development activities increased employees’ perceptions with greater turnover intentions. The results suggest that organizations hoping to use HR practices to deter turnover may experience the greatest success by using performance management and reward systems to increase perceptions of organizational fit.","PeriodicalId":431051,"journal":{"name":"2020 3rd International Conference on Computing, Mathematics and Engineering Technologies (iCoMET)","volume":"38 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"131607443","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-01-01DOI: 10.1109/iCoMET48670.2020.9073939
U. Khan, Zaheer Alam, Waleed Ahmad, Z. Khan, Rashid Khan, Z. Ullah
The unpredictable and stochastic speed of the wind makes the entire wind energy conversion system (WECS) highly nonlinear. In such situations, the controller aim is to maximize the extracted power (MP). At first stage, the dynamic model of the permanent magnet synchronous generator (PMSG) is developed and then the model is converted to Bronwsky form. Consequently, the overall system is subdivided into two subsystems i.e., a second order visible dynamic system and a first order internal dynamic system. The internal dynamics are proved stable i.e., the system under study is minimum phase. Now, the main task is that the output of the visible dynamic system should track a varying profile of the wind speed. This paper presents the nonlinear backstepping based maximum power point tracking (MPPT) algorithm to ensure the MP extraction from variable-speed (fixed pitch) WECS. MATLAB/Simulink tool is used for testing the proposed controller under variable wind speed profile. The simulation results validate the robustness of the proposed control scheme. Furthermore, backstepping is compared with feedback linearization (FL) control that clearly outshines our proposed strategy.
{"title":"Backstepping based MPPT Control Technique for Permanent Magnet Synchronous Generator Wind Energy Conversion System","authors":"U. Khan, Zaheer Alam, Waleed Ahmad, Z. Khan, Rashid Khan, Z. Ullah","doi":"10.1109/iCoMET48670.2020.9073939","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/iCoMET48670.2020.9073939","url":null,"abstract":"The unpredictable and stochastic speed of the wind makes the entire wind energy conversion system (WECS) highly nonlinear. In such situations, the controller aim is to maximize the extracted power (MP). At first stage, the dynamic model of the permanent magnet synchronous generator (PMSG) is developed and then the model is converted to Bronwsky form. Consequently, the overall system is subdivided into two subsystems i.e., a second order visible dynamic system and a first order internal dynamic system. The internal dynamics are proved stable i.e., the system under study is minimum phase. Now, the main task is that the output of the visible dynamic system should track a varying profile of the wind speed. This paper presents the nonlinear backstepping based maximum power point tracking (MPPT) algorithm to ensure the MP extraction from variable-speed (fixed pitch) WECS. MATLAB/Simulink tool is used for testing the proposed controller under variable wind speed profile. The simulation results validate the robustness of the proposed control scheme. Furthermore, backstepping is compared with feedback linearization (FL) control that clearly outshines our proposed strategy.","PeriodicalId":431051,"journal":{"name":"2020 3rd International Conference on Computing, Mathematics and Engineering Technologies (iCoMET)","volume":"14 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"134316518","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-01-01DOI: 10.1109/iCoMET48670.2020.9073816
A. Nazir, Ahsan Wajahat, F. Akhtar, Faheem Ullah, Sirajuddin Qureshi, Sher Afghan Malik, A. Shakeel
The consumption of energy in buildings has risen abruptly over the last decades. Due to less energy-efficient buildings, most of the energy is being thrown in our surroundings thus making an adverse effect on our environment. In this paper, heating and cooling loads of private or non-commercial buildings are covered. By implementing the proposed technique, which is a blend of cluster analysis and Artificial Neural Network (ANN), evaluation and prediction are performed. The estimation of heating and cooling loads of private or non-commercial buildings are performed using eight input variables in the ANN-based model. The details of variables are as follows, a relative surface area, total height, compactness, roof area, glazing area distribution, orientation, glazing area, and wall area. K-means clustering methodology is then used to cluster buildings on the basis of output variables. Stand on simulated literature data, evaluation of 768 different private or non-commercial buildings is done using the above-suggested method. Research results depicted that depending upon input variables, the above-suggested approach can efficiently evaluate heating and cooling load that is very much close to real test results.
{"title":"Evaluating Energy Efficiency of Buildings using Artificial Neural Networks and K-means Clustering Techniques","authors":"A. Nazir, Ahsan Wajahat, F. Akhtar, Faheem Ullah, Sirajuddin Qureshi, Sher Afghan Malik, A. Shakeel","doi":"10.1109/iCoMET48670.2020.9073816","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/iCoMET48670.2020.9073816","url":null,"abstract":"The consumption of energy in buildings has risen abruptly over the last decades. Due to less energy-efficient buildings, most of the energy is being thrown in our surroundings thus making an adverse effect on our environment. In this paper, heating and cooling loads of private or non-commercial buildings are covered. By implementing the proposed technique, which is a blend of cluster analysis and Artificial Neural Network (ANN), evaluation and prediction are performed. The estimation of heating and cooling loads of private or non-commercial buildings are performed using eight input variables in the ANN-based model. The details of variables are as follows, a relative surface area, total height, compactness, roof area, glazing area distribution, orientation, glazing area, and wall area. K-means clustering methodology is then used to cluster buildings on the basis of output variables. Stand on simulated literature data, evaluation of 768 different private or non-commercial buildings is done using the above-suggested method. Research results depicted that depending upon input variables, the above-suggested approach can efficiently evaluate heating and cooling load that is very much close to real test results.","PeriodicalId":431051,"journal":{"name":"2020 3rd International Conference on Computing, Mathematics and Engineering Technologies (iCoMET)","volume":"10 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"133769119","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-01-01DOI: 10.1109/iCoMET48670.2020.9073868
Shabab Zahra, M. Siddique, Jawad Hussain, Sumera Jabbar, M. Riaz
This paper address the numerous issues associated to power quality. The distribution systems are experiencing significant power quality problems including voltage dip, voltage surge, harmonics and poor voltage regulation. Dynamic voltage restorer (DVR) consisting of power electronics converter is utilized to stabilize the system voltage during disturbances. It protects the sensitive electronics equipment and save the loss of million dollars to industry each year. This paper introduces a DVR based on a single phase ac-ac converter to overcome aforementioned problems. To overcome these problem, novel switching patterns are proposed for buck-boost converter with versatile mode of operations. The proposed scheme is simulated in Saber software.
{"title":"A new reliable Single-Stage Single-Phase Ac-Ac Converter based Dynamic Voltage Restorer for Voltage Sag/Swell compensation","authors":"Shabab Zahra, M. Siddique, Jawad Hussain, Sumera Jabbar, M. Riaz","doi":"10.1109/iCoMET48670.2020.9073868","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/iCoMET48670.2020.9073868","url":null,"abstract":"This paper address the numerous issues associated to power quality. The distribution systems are experiencing significant power quality problems including voltage dip, voltage surge, harmonics and poor voltage regulation. Dynamic voltage restorer (DVR) consisting of power electronics converter is utilized to stabilize the system voltage during disturbances. It protects the sensitive electronics equipment and save the loss of million dollars to industry each year. This paper introduces a DVR based on a single phase ac-ac converter to overcome aforementioned problems. To overcome these problem, novel switching patterns are proposed for buck-boost converter with versatile mode of operations. The proposed scheme is simulated in Saber software.","PeriodicalId":431051,"journal":{"name":"2020 3rd International Conference on Computing, Mathematics and Engineering Technologies (iCoMET)","volume":"17 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"121959330","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-01-01DOI: 10.1109/iCoMET48670.2020.9073902
Dongjun Dongjun, M. Shahzad, Shakeel Ahmed Jaskani
In Pakistan the major source of energy is petroleum. Pakistan is one of the largest countries in the world and now is emerging its industry so, the current production of energy is not enough for the needs of the country. Traditional sources of energy production have bad impact on environment and also these are not suitable for the economic condition of the country. Now it’s the time to move towards nontraditional sources of energy. Current study is conducted to suggest best source of energy which can be meet the needs of the country. Conclusion of the study suggest that in the current scenario of the country solar energy is the best solution because of its distinguished characteristics such as cost efficiency, long life and low maintenance. Along with all its characteristics this source of energy has some barriers to implement in Pakistan. At the end of some barriers are summarized which are hurdles in the development of solar energy in Pakistan and also recommendations are presented at the end which will helpful to overcome energy crisis in the country.
{"title":"An Empirical Review of Barriers in Development of Renewable Energy in Pakistan: A Case of Solar Energy","authors":"Dongjun Dongjun, M. Shahzad, Shakeel Ahmed Jaskani","doi":"10.1109/iCoMET48670.2020.9073902","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/iCoMET48670.2020.9073902","url":null,"abstract":"In Pakistan the major source of energy is petroleum. Pakistan is one of the largest countries in the world and now is emerging its industry so, the current production of energy is not enough for the needs of the country. Traditional sources of energy production have bad impact on environment and also these are not suitable for the economic condition of the country. Now it’s the time to move towards nontraditional sources of energy. Current study is conducted to suggest best source of energy which can be meet the needs of the country. Conclusion of the study suggest that in the current scenario of the country solar energy is the best solution because of its distinguished characteristics such as cost efficiency, long life and low maintenance. Along with all its characteristics this source of energy has some barriers to implement in Pakistan. At the end of some barriers are summarized which are hurdles in the development of solar energy in Pakistan and also recommendations are presented at the end which will helpful to overcome energy crisis in the country.","PeriodicalId":431051,"journal":{"name":"2020 3rd International Conference on Computing, Mathematics and Engineering Technologies (iCoMET)","volume":"72 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127126937","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-01-01DOI: 10.1109/iCoMET48670.2020.9074144
Asad Bhatti, Z. Bhatti, S. Memon, A. Waqas
Quadruped animation is a ever-growing field having enormous complex parameters of motion due to vide range of gait patterns. In this paper we discuss the problem of generating quadruped motion automatically by first predicting and generating footprints of quadruped motion based on number of steps and stride length and stride height. The planning and prediction algorithms is able to generate autonomous motion, which dynamically generates new footprints and associated new gait motions. The purposed model is using procedural programming technique to calculate the foot placement values for quadruped based on center of mass and trajectory optimization.
{"title":"A Purposed model for Quadruped footprint generation","authors":"Asad Bhatti, Z. Bhatti, S. Memon, A. Waqas","doi":"10.1109/iCoMET48670.2020.9074144","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/iCoMET48670.2020.9074144","url":null,"abstract":"Quadruped animation is a ever-growing field having enormous complex parameters of motion due to vide range of gait patterns. In this paper we discuss the problem of generating quadruped motion automatically by first predicting and generating footprints of quadruped motion based on number of steps and stride length and stride height. The planning and prediction algorithms is able to generate autonomous motion, which dynamically generates new footprints and associated new gait motions. The purposed model is using procedural programming technique to calculate the foot placement values for quadruped based on center of mass and trajectory optimization.","PeriodicalId":431051,"journal":{"name":"2020 3rd International Conference on Computing, Mathematics and Engineering Technologies (iCoMET)","volume":"19 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126095248","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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