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Looking for a Space to Breathe 寻找一个可以呼吸的空间
IF 0.4 Q1 Social Sciences Pub Date : 2021-09-01 DOI: 10.3167/ajec.2021.300206
Elisabetta Campagni
This contribution explores two projects that have addressed urban toponymy by building counter-narratives that challenge dominant historical narratives. It does so through audio-visual materials and draws on biographies as well as intimate gazes. The first section explores the Rome-based Tezeta collective’s Harnet Streets project, where memories and family histories of subjects belonging to the Eritrean diasporas1 become the centre of a new counter-storytelling that starts from the toponymy of the African neighbourhood. The second section focuses on the city of Padova, looking at how some colonial streets have been re-appropriated by the bodies, voices and gazes of six Italian Afro-descendants who took part in a participatory video, re-signifying urban traces of colonialism in a creative way. The teaching and research experience of the Visual Research Methods Lab (University of Padova, Fall 2020) allowed us to question worldviews and social hierarchies that made it possible to celebrate/forget the racist and sexist violence of colonialism.
这篇文章探讨了两个项目,它们通过构建挑战主流历史叙事的反叙事来解决城市地名问题。它通过视听材料和传记以及亲密的目光来做到这一点。第一部分探讨了总部位于罗马的Tezeta集体的Harnet Streets项目,在这个项目中,厄立特里亚侨民的记忆和家庭历史成为了一个新的反叙事的中心,这个反叙事的中心从非洲社区的地名开始。第二部分聚焦于帕多瓦市,六位意大利非裔后裔参与了一个参与性视频,通过他们的身体、声音和目光,看看一些殖民街道是如何被重新占用的,以一种创造性的方式重新标志着殖民主义的城市痕迹。视觉研究方法实验室(帕多瓦大学,2020年秋季)的教学和研究经验使我们能够质疑世界观和社会等级制度,使我们有可能庆祝/忘记殖民主义的种族主义和性别歧视暴力。
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引用次数: 1
Britain, Brexit and Euroscepticism 英国、英国退欧和欧洲怀疑主义
IF 0.4 Q1 Social Sciences Pub Date : 2021-09-01 DOI: 10.3167/ajec.2021.300201
Criss Shore
When history books about Brexit are written a key question asked will be ‘how did it happen?’ How did a country renowned for stable governments, pragmatism and diplomacy produce a chaotic outcome so harmful to its economic interests and international standing? This article examines the factors that produced Brexit by analysing its political and historical context, the main campaign groups and their communication strategies. Drawing on the work of Verdery (1999), Maskovsky and Bjork-James (2020) and other anthropologists, I suggest we need to look beyond conventional political science concepts and consider Brexit in terms of ‘enchantment’, ‘angry politics’ and ‘technopopulism’. I conclude that while Brexit provides a window for analysing fault lines in contemporary Britain, it also highlights problems in the EU, its austerity politics and democratic deficit.
当撰写关于英国脱欧的历史书时,一个关键问题将是“它是如何发生的?”一个以稳定的政府、务实主义和外交著称的国家,怎么会出现对其经济利益和国际地位如此有害的混乱局面?本文通过分析英国脱欧的政治和历史背景、主要竞选团体及其传播策略,探讨了产生英国脱欧的因素。借鉴Verdery(1999)、Maskovsky和Bjork-James(2020)以及其他人类学家的工作,我建议我们需要超越传统的政治科学概念,从“魅力”、“愤怒的政治”和“技术民粹主义”的角度来考虑英国脱欧。我的结论是,尽管英国脱欧为分析当代英国的断层线提供了一个窗口,但它也突显了欧盟、其紧缩政治和民主赤字的问题。
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引用次数: 2
Stuck in the Colonial Past? 困在过去的殖民时代?
IF 0.4 Q1 Social Sciences Pub Date : 2021-09-01 DOI: 10.3167/ajec.2021.300207
Samantha S. Sithole, Maria Fernandes, Olivier Hymas, Kavita Sharma, Gretchen Walters
This contribution challenges representations of landscapes and communities within zoos in Europe that may amplify colonial narratives of local people through a racialised and often static lens. Instead of a holistic portrayal of the relationship between humans and nature that the EAZA (European Association of Zoos and Aquaria) stipulates within its guidelines, some European zoos continue to perpetuate a narrow view of foreign landscapes within their exhibits. Utilising the concept of representation, this short article argues that Zoo Zürich reinforces colonial narratives through its new Lewa exhibit, an exhibit based on a Kenyan conservancy. This piece is based on an improvised visit to the zoo to see the new African exhibit. It highlights discrepancies between the Lewa exhibit, guidelines of the EAZA and the Lewa Conservancy in Kenya. In this light, we propose recommendations for European zoos to decolonise their institutions and exhibits based on an understanding that is not only scientific, but also historical, critically reflective, and inclusive of non-Western perspectives.
这一贡献挑战了欧洲动物园中景观和社区的表现,这些表现可能会通过种族化的、往往是静态的镜头放大当地人的殖民叙事。与EAZA(欧洲动物园和水族馆协会)在其指导方针中规定的人类与自然关系的整体描绘不同,一些欧洲动物园继续在其展览中延续对外国景观的狭隘看法。这篇短文利用再现的概念,认为Zoo z rich通过其新的Lewa展览强化了殖民叙事,这是一个基于肯尼亚保护的展览。这幅作品是根据我临时去动物园看非洲新展品而创作的。它强调了Lewa展览、EAZA和肯尼亚Lewa保护协会的指导方针之间的差异。在这种情况下,我们建议欧洲动物园将其机构和展览非殖民化,这不仅基于科学的理解,而且基于历史的理解,批判性的反思,并包括非西方的观点。
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引用次数: 3
Being There While Not Being There 不在的时候在那里
IF 0.4 Q1 Social Sciences Pub Date : 2021-09-01 DOI: 10.3167/ajec.2021.300203
Laura McAdam-Otto, Sarah Nimführ
Multi-sited research has become a quality criterion for ethnographic research. This applies especially to studies on forced migration. Here, a site is often equated with a state, where researchers are usually required to be physically present. In this article, however, we ask: Must multi-sited research necessarily be multi-national? Do researchers have to be physically present at all sites? By discussing ethnographic material collected with forced migrants in Malta, we demonstrate that multi-sitedness is viewed in too narrow terms when site is equated with the nation-state. Adopting this approach also obscures refugees’ lived realities, their patterns of movement and their often truncated mobility. Instead, we carve out an understanding of multi-sited ethnography within one locality, introducing the concept of un-participated sites to include sites researchers are not able to physically visit. While the inaccessibility of sites is often inherent to ethnographic studies, it is all the more relevant for migration research.
多地点研究已成为民族志研究的质量标准。这尤其适用于关于被迫移徙的研究。在这里,一个地点通常等同于一个州,研究人员通常需要亲自到场。然而,在本文中,我们要问:多地点研究必须是多国的吗?研究人员必须亲自出现在所有地点吗?通过讨论从马耳他被迫移民那里收集的人种学材料,我们证明,当地点等同于民族国家时,多地点性被视为过于狭隘。采取这种做法也模糊了难民的生活现实、他们的行动模式和他们往往被截断的行动。相反,我们对一个地区的多地点人种志进行了理解,引入了非参与地点的概念,包括研究人员无法亲自访问的地点。虽然难以进入的地点往往是民族志研究所固有的,但它与移民研究更为相关。
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引用次数: 0
Sardinian Lives Matter 撒丁岛人的生命很重要
IF 0.4 Q1 Social Sciences Pub Date : 2021-09-01 DOI: 10.3167/ajec.2021.300209
L. Lai, Sharon Watson
Sardinia had five centuries of independence up until the fifteenth century, and thereafter partial institutional autonomy until 1847. With its inclusion in the Italian state, Sardinia’s cultural, economic, institutional and political systems make it uniquely colonial in comparison to other ethnic/national minorities across Europe (Basque, Welsh, Catalan, etc.), leaving limited real choices for development to the locals and constraining what is seen as real and attainable for its future (Escobar 2020). This contribution demonstrates how Sardinia is an internal colony of Italy. We provide examples of decolonisation initiatives and provoke further interrogation on the ways in which the Black Lives Matter movement (and other efforts) are sustaining alternative visions for Sardinians’ political, economic, cultural and social future.
撒丁岛在15世纪之前有5个世纪的独立,此后直到1847年都是部分机构自治。由于被纳入意大利国家,撒丁岛的文化、经济、制度和政治制度使其与欧洲其他少数民族(巴斯克人、威尔士人、加泰罗尼亚人等)相比具有独特的殖民地色彩,给当地人留下了有限的发展选择,并限制了其未来的现实和可实现性(Escobar 2020)。这一贡献表明撒丁岛是意大利的内部殖民地。我们提供了非殖民化倡议的例子,并引发了对“黑人的命也重要”运动(以及其他努力)如何为撒丁岛人的政治、经济、文化和社会未来维持另一种愿景的进一步质疑。
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引用次数: 0
An Obstacle to Decolonising Europe 欧洲非殖民化的障碍
IF 0.4 Q1 Social Sciences Pub Date : 2021-09-01 DOI: 10.3167/ajec.2021.300208
Jordan Kiper
While the central aim of decolonisation is undoing colonial legacies, a major obstacle is white nationalism. A new wave of transnational anti-globalist, Islamophobic, and white-grievance tropes have hybridised with local political ideologies of right-wing politics and authoritarian populists in Europe and the United States. Here, I review the cultural characteristics of this new wave of white nationalism by focusing on its co-option of Serbian nationalist propaganda from the Yugoslav Wars and shared receptivity to narratives among far-right political groups in former colonial powers. The portrait that emerges is one of cross-cultural variations on a common theme: maintaining white supremacy and actively countering ideological challenges to it. Critically, the new wave of white nationalism expands our anthropological understanding of white supremacy but also highlights the significance of white nationalism in obstructing justice initiatives that address the race crimes of colonialism. Less consensus has been reached, however, on how to counter white nationalist networks and transnational extremist propaganda. In addition to highlighting ways to counter white nationalist propaganda, I argue that decolonising Europe and achieving its envisioned relations of sociative peace will not be fully realised unless more is done to minimise the influence of white nationalism.
虽然去殖民化的中心目标是消除殖民遗产,但一个主要障碍是白人民族主义。在欧洲和美国,新一波跨国反全球主义、伊斯兰恐惧症和白人不满的修辞与右翼政治的地方政治意识形态和威权民粹主义者混合在一起。在这里,我回顾了这一新的白人民族主义浪潮的文化特征,重点是它从南斯拉夫战争中吸收了塞尔维亚民族主义的宣传,以及前殖民国家的极右翼政治团体对叙事的共同接受程度。这幅肖像画是一个共同主题的跨文化变体之一:维护白人至上主义,并积极应对对它的意识形态挑战。至关重要的是,新一波白人民族主义扩大了我们对白人至上主义的人类学理解,但也突显了白人民族主义在阻碍解决殖民主义种族罪行的司法倡议方面的重要性。然而,在如何对抗白人民族主义网络和跨国极端主义宣传方面,各方尚未达成共识。除了强调反击白人民族主义宣传的方法外,我认为,除非采取更多措施将白人民族主义的影响降到最低,否则欧洲去殖民化和实现其设想的社会和平关系将无法完全实现。
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引用次数: 0
Building Rapport
IF 0.4 Q1 Social Sciences Pub Date : 2021-09-01 DOI: 10.1201/9781315379463-6
Irene Ketonen-Keating
How does sharing hidden but valuable magical information help Northern Ireland (NI) Catholic and Protestant farmers build rapport? I suggest that it serves as a form of cultural intimacy by emphasising common beliefs, while downplaying possibly conflicting ethnoreligious identities. Magical practices such as ‘curing/charming’ remain common among NI farmers. It refers to asking a person with ‘the cure’ for a specific condition (such as bleeding or heart disease) to heal a sufferer. During nine months of fieldwork, conducted between 2012 and 2014, I learned that farmers, inspectors, and NGO staff often discuss ‘curing’ during their bureaucratic encounters. One person mentions a relative who is sick. The other then provides contact information for a healer with ‘the cure’ for such an ailment. Both Catholics and Protestants practice ‘curing’ in very similar forms.
分享隐藏但有价值的魔法信息如何帮助北爱尔兰天主教徒和新教农民建立融洽关系?我认为,通过强调共同的信仰,它可以作为一种文化亲密关系的形式,同时淡化可能存在冲突的种族宗教身份。像“治愈/迷人”这样的神奇做法在NI农民中仍然很常见。它指的是让一个对某种特定疾病(如出血或心脏病)有“治愈方法”的人来治愈患者。在2012年至2014年为期9个月的实地考察中,我了解到农民、检查员和非政府组织工作人员经常在官僚会议上讨论“养护”。一个人提到了一个生病的亲戚。另一个则为治疗这种疾病的“治愈”者提供联系信息。天主教徒和新教徒都以非常相似的形式练习“治愈”。
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引用次数: 0
Decolonising Arts and Culture in Belgium 比利时的非殖民化艺术和文化
IF 0.4 Q1 Social Sciences Pub Date : 2021-09-01 DOI: 10.3167/ajec.2021.300210
A. Gossiaux
This contribution gives insight into the decolonisation of thought by presenting Black Out, a transmedia initiative located in the city of Liège in Belgium. Black Out is a project designed for promoting black music and culture and fighting against racism, principally through information technology and social media. I highlight how Black Out may participate in efforts for decolonising arts and culture in Belgium and Europe. To do so, I present a few contextual elements about racism and the postcolonial debate in Belgium before giving examples on how the projects of Black Out are in line with some of the driving forces of the decolonial approach.
这篇文章通过介绍比利时li日市的跨媒体倡议Black Out,深入了解思想的非殖民化。Black Out是一个旨在推广黑人音乐和文化、反对种族主义的项目,主要通过信息技术和社交媒体。我强调了“熄灯”如何参与比利时和欧洲非殖民化艺术和文化的努力。为了做到这一点,我提出了一些关于种族主义和比利时后殖民辩论的背景因素,然后举例说明Black Out项目如何与非殖民化方法的一些驱动力相一致。
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引用次数: 0
Healing through Heritage? 通过遗产治愈?
IF 0.4 Q1 Social Sciences Pub Date : 2021-03-01 DOI: 10.3167/ajec.2021.300109
Carsten Wergin
This Forum contribution builds on the ethnographic engagement with restitution projects as places of transcultural encounter. Based on data collected in 2019 during repatriation ceremonies in Berlin and Leipzig, I show how a responsibility for human remains that was shared between European museums and Australian Indigenous custodians set in motion processes of healing, both among Indigenous groups and those working with these collections in Europe. I further argue that ethnographic museums change in these processes from supposedly passive exhibition spaces to spaces of socio-critical engagement. Finally, I explore the decolonial potential of such collaborative engagements with heritage within and beyond European borders that are motivated by provenance research and repatriation practices.
本论坛的贡献建立在民族志参与作为跨文化相遇场所的恢复项目的基础上。根据2019年在柏林和莱比锡举行的归还仪式上收集的数据,我展示了欧洲博物馆和澳大利亚土著保管人之间共同承担的人类遗骸责任如何在土著群体和欧洲处理这些藏品的人之间启动了治愈过程。我进一步认为,民族志博物馆在这些过程中从被认为是被动的展览空间转变为社会批判参与的空间。最后,我探讨了这种与欧洲境内外的遗产合作的非殖民潜力,这些合作是由来源研究和遣返实践推动的。
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引用次数: 2
Building Bridges over Troubled Waters 在浑水中架起桥梁
IF 0.4 Q1 Social Sciences Pub Date : 2021-03-01 DOI: 10.3167/ajec.2021.300108
Seamus Montgomery
This Forum contribution presents fragmented accounts of historical narratives collected while conducting ethnographic fieldwork among civil servants in and around the European Commission in Brussels, Belgium. It focuses on the roles that heritage-making practices play in articulating European identity and belonging within these institutional spaces. In the ongoing debates over ‘bridges’ and ‘walls’, Commission officials advocate building the former and tearing down the latter. The European heritage narratives they enact tell the story of a supranational community formed from the expansion of external borders and the elimination of internal ones. Through the transcendence of borders, both physical and cognitive, geographic distances and social differences are made increasingly irrelevant. Their efforts in this regard are nonetheless hindered by futurist temporalities that orient Europeanness in opposition to the past.
本论坛的贡献介绍了在比利时布鲁塞尔欧盟委员会及其周围的公务员进行民族志田野调查时收集的支离破碎的历史叙述。它侧重于遗产制作实践在阐明这些机构空间中的欧洲身份和归属感方面所起的作用。在正在进行的关于“桥”和“墙”的辩论中,委员会官员主张建造前者,拆除后者。他们制定的欧洲遗产叙事讲述了一个由外部边界扩张和内部边界消除形成的超国家共同体的故事。通过对物理和认知边界的超越,地理距离和社会差异变得越来越无关紧要。尽管如此,他们在这方面的努力仍受到未来主义暂时主义的阻碍,这种未来主义将欧洲定位为与过去相对立的。
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引用次数: 0
期刊
Anthropological Journal of European Cultures
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