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La formación de Gobiernos municipales: una nueva base de datos 市政府的形成:一个新的数据库
IF 0.5 Q3 POLITICAL SCIENCE Pub Date : 2019-03-26 DOI: 10.21308/RECP.49.05
Alba Huidobro, Yeimy Ospina, Marta Curto-Grau, Aina Gallego
This research note presents a new database at the local level about the political parties that supported the formation of local Governments in Spanish municipalities of more than 1000 inhabitants in the legislatures 2003-‍2007 and 2007-‍2011. The research note describes the information-gathering process, the data obtained and some initial descriptive results. The dataset is publicly available and will allow to improve the knowledge about local governments in Spain. It will also facilitate carrying out quantitative studies that require a large number of municipalities within a common institutional context.
本研究报告提供了一个新的地方一级数据库,其中包括2003年-‍2007年和2007年-‍2011年在立法机构中支持组建超过1000名居民的西班牙自治市地方政府的政党。研究报告描述了信息收集过程、获得的数据和一些初步的描述性结果。该数据集是公开的,将有助于提高对西班牙地方政府的了解。它还将促进进行数量研究,这需要在共同体制范围内的大量城市。
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引用次数: 2
Canarios en una mina: la crisis migratoria de los cayucos y la europeización de la política migratoria 矿山中的金丝雀:卡库科人的移民危机和移民政策的欧洲化
IF 0.5 Q3 POLITICAL SCIENCE Pub Date : 2019-03-26 DOI: 10.21308/RECP.49.04
Carolyn Marie Dudek, Carmen Pestano
Understanding how the Spanish state and the Canary Islands dealt with the  cayuco  crisis and its aftermath is instructional for the current migrant crisis facing Europe. Employing the theoretical lenses of liberal intergovernmentalism and neo-institutionalism, this article studies how the EU has shaped the governance of migration policy using both hard and soft governance. Hard governance refers to coercive legally imposed mechanisms, whereas soft governance may be cooperation or voluntary adoption of EU models. During the  cayuco  crisis, as thousands of African migrants arrived to the Canary Islands, the Spanish government sought assistance from the EU and its member states via Frontex, and adopted the EU’s externalization of migration policy with Plan Africa, an aid package to stop immigration at its source. Both Frontex and Plan Africa were EU policy prescriptions, that exhibit EU soft governance and the Europeanization of migration policy. As a result, Spain achieved its goal of stopping the flow of irregular migrants, yet the state remained the main actor in migration policy, as liberal intergovernmentalists assert. However, the EU-inspired policies that Spain ultimately adopted during the  cayuco  crisis have been emulated in the current migrant crisis, inspiring a model for present and future migration policies in Europe.
了解西班牙政府和加那利群岛如何处理卡尤科危机及其后果,对当前欧洲面临的移民危机具有指导意义。本文采用自由政府间主义和新制度主义的理论视角,研究了欧盟如何通过硬治理和软治理来塑造移民政策的治理。硬治理是指强制性的法律强制机制,而软治理可能是合作或自愿采用欧盟模式。在卡尤科危机期间,随着成千上万的非洲移民抵达加那利群岛,西班牙政府通过Frontex向欧盟及其成员国寻求援助,并采用了欧盟的移民外化政策,即“非洲计划”(Plan Africa),一项从源头上阻止移民的援助计划。Frontex和Plan Africa都是欧盟的政策处方,体现了欧盟的软治理和移民政策的欧洲化。结果,西班牙实现了阻止非正规移民流动的目标,但正如自由派政府间主义者所断言的那样,国家仍然是移民政策的主要参与者。然而,西班牙在卡尤科危机期间最终采取的受欧盟启发的政策在当前的移民危机中得到了模仿,为欧洲现在和未来的移民政策提供了一个模式。
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引用次数: 3
¿Identidad dual? Una crítica metodológica a la pregunta Linz-Moreno como indicador estadístico de la identidad nacional 双重身份?林茨-莫雷诺问题作为国家认同统计指标的方法论批评
IF 0.5 Q3 POLITICAL SCIENCE Pub Date : 2019-03-26 DOI: 10.21308/RECP.49.01
Arturo De Nieves, C. Diz
T This article develops a methodological critique of a widespread measurement of national identity through surveys, the so-called “Linz-Moreno question” (LMQ) and of its epistemological foundation, the theory of “dual identity”. We chose Spain as a case study for our research because of its internal variability in terms of identity feelings between its regions and the availability of quality data. We have divided the seventeen Spanish Autonomous Communities (ACs) into four groups, in accordance to their identity structure. We present two big groups of ACs, one including the ACs with primacy of nationwide nationalistic feelings, and the other one containing those ACs with significant presence of sub-state nationalisms. Then, we divide each of these categories into two, attending to the strength of their identity feelings. Using qualitative methodologies, we found differences in the reproduction process of nationalism for each group of ACs, what strengthens the validity of our classification. Finally, we tested our main hypothesis with a multinomial logistic regression that provides empirical evidence showing that the LMQ is not a good indicator of national identity for weakly nationalized ACs. We conclude that the dual identity theory hides relevant differences related to the hierarchy and nature of collective identities in modern societies. Consequently, we should problematize merely descriptive analyses of collective identities and begin to treat national identity as an ideological expression of nationalism. The critique of the LMQ presented in this article wants to contribute to a better measurement of identities in modern societies.
T本文通过调查,对所谓的“林兹-莫雷诺问题”(LMQ)及其认识论基础“双重身份”理论进行了方法论批判。我们选择西班牙作为我们研究的案例研究,因为它在不同地区的认同感和高质量数据的可用性方面存在内部差异。我们根据17个西班牙自治区的身份结构将其分为四组。我们介绍了两大类ACs,一类包括全国民族主义情绪占主导地位的ACs,另一类则包含那些明显存在次国家民族主义的ACs。然后,我们将这些类别中的每一个分为两类,关注他们身份感受的强度。使用定性方法,我们发现每组AC的民族主义再现过程存在差异,这加强了我们分类的有效性。最后,我们用多项式逻辑回归检验了我们的主要假设,该回归提供了经验证据,表明LMQ不是弱国有化AC的国家认同的良好指标。我们得出的结论是,双重身份理论隐藏了与现代社会集体身份的等级和性质有关的相关差异。因此,我们应该质疑仅仅是对集体身份的描述性分析,并开始将国家身份视为民族主义的意识形态表达。本文中提出的对LMQ的批评希望有助于更好地衡量现代社会中的身份。
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引用次数: 3
El impacto del terrorismo en el discurso político en España: un análisis de contenido de los discursos de los presidentes de Gobierno en los debates parlamentarios 恐怖主义对西班牙政治话语的影响:政府主席在议会辩论中的演讲内容分析
IF 0.5 Q3 POLITICAL SCIENCE Pub Date : 2019-03-26 DOI: 10.21308/RECP.49.06
Rafael Leonisio
This research note aims to analyze the determinants of terrorism saliency in elites’ political discourse by means of a content analysis of the Spanish Presidents’ speeches at the investiture sessions and the debates on the general political situation of Spain in the Spanish Parliament. Thus, it is shown the quantitative weight terrorism has had in these speeches. Apart from describing the weight of this issue, the article points out a series of hypotheses regarding changes of the saliency in these speeches and it also tries to check them provisionally. The text first states that ceasefires declared by terrorist gangs have some influence, raising the importance politicians give to this phenomenon. Second, especially relevant attacks also make terrorism grow its presence in political speeches. Third, formal agreements to exclude terrorism from party competition (such as the Ajuria-Enea Pact) have the opposite influence, for they reduce the saliency of this issue. Finally, public opinion matters: The more people consider terrorism as a problem, the more Spanish Presidents talk about it. The note tries to fill a gap in research, because the quantitative analysis of political elites’ discourse about terrorism has been largely neglected. Methodologically, it combines content analysis of political texts, survey data and contextual data regarding ETA’s terrorist attacks and ceasefires.
本研究报告旨在分析精英政治话语中恐怖主义突出性的决定因素,方法是对西班牙总统在授职会议上的演讲和西班牙议会中关于西班牙总体政治形势的辩论进行内容分析。由此可见,恐怖主义在这些讲话中所占的分量。本文除了描述这一问题的重要性外,还提出了一系列关于这些演讲中显着性变化的假设,并试图暂时检查它们。文章首先指出,恐怖主义团伙宣布的停火有一定影响,提高了政治家对这一现象的重视程度。其次,特别相关的袭击也使恐怖主义在政治演讲中的存在感增强。第三,将恐怖主义排除在政党竞争之外的正式协议(如《阿朱里亚-埃尼亚条约》)会产生相反的影响,因为它们降低了这个问题的重要性。最后,公众舆论也很重要:越多的人认为恐怖主义是个问题,西班牙总统谈论这个问题的次数就越多。由于对政治精英关于恐怖主义言论的定量分析在很大程度上被忽视,这份报告试图填补研究领域的空白。在方法上,它结合了政治文本的内容分析、调查数据和有关埃塔恐怖袭击和停火的背景数据。
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引用次数: 0
Presidentes frente a cancillerías: la formulación de la política exterior en Brasil y Chile entre 1990 y 2010 总统与总理:1990年至2010年巴西和智利外交政策的制定
IF 0.5 Q3 POLITICAL SCIENCE Pub Date : 2019-03-26 DOI: 10.21308/RECP.49.03
P. Valenzuela
El objetivo de este articulo es explicar el diferente papel e influencia de los ministerios de relaciones exteriores (o cancillerias) de Brasil y Chile durante la formulacion e implementacion de la politica exterior. Para ello, se examina un caso relevante en cada pais, aplicando un modelo de analisis basado en la politica burocratica. Tres son las dimensiones a las que se presta especial atencion: la mayor o menor capacidad de estos ministerios de centralizar y coordinar la agenda de politica internacional; su grado de integracion o aislamiento frente al resto de la administracion publica, y la profesionalizacion del servicio diplomatico. Se concluye que las dos primeras son las variables explicativas principales, si bien la tercera puede potenciar a las anteriores. La aplicacion de este marco explicativo al estudio comparado de los ejemplos muestra interesantes contrastes en el modo en que Chile y Brasil formulan sus respectivas politicas exteriores.
本文的目的是解释巴西和智利外交部在制定和执行外交政策方面的不同作用和影响。本文采用基于官僚政治的分析模型,对每个国家的相关案例进行了研究。特别注意三个方面:这些部委集中和协调国际政策议程的能力或多或少;他们与其他公共行政部门的融合或孤立程度,以及外交服务的专业化程度。本研究的目的是评估在西班牙,西班牙语和葡萄牙语之间的关系,以及在西班牙语和葡萄牙语之间的关系,以及在西班牙语和葡萄牙语之间的关系。这一解释框架在比较案例研究中的应用表明,智利和巴西在制定各自外交政策的方式上存在有趣的对比。
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引用次数: 1
Hacia una explicación de las coaliciones: una taxonomía de modelos formales de formación y colapso de los Gobiernos 对联盟的解释:政府形成和崩溃的正式模型的分类
IF 0.5 Q3 POLITICAL SCIENCE Pub Date : 2019-03-26 DOI: 10.21308/RECP.49.02
Enzo Lenine
C Coalition theory is one of the fields that has extensively benefited from formal modelling in political science. Since the publication of William Riker’s (1962) seminal book, a variety of coalition models has been developed to explain government formation and breakdown. Nevertheless, despite the diversity of models, the literature seems to judge their predictability solely in terms of empirical tests, usually deriving hypotheses from their propositions and testing via statistics. In this work, I survey classical and more recent formal models in coalition theory, demonstrating how they serve different purposes. I build a taxonomy of models that acknowledges these purposes, and, more importantly, the roles they play in building explanations about coalitions. I identify three types of models: conceptual models, whose conceptual and theoretical value relies on the mathematical deductions entailed in the model; quasi-conceptual models, which formalise explanations of regularities in the real world; and extrapolative models, which allow for an empirical test of formal models via a variety of statistical methods. All of these types of models coexist, generating explanations and setting research agendas.
联合理论是政治学中广泛受益于形式建模的领域之一。自从威廉·里克(William Riker)的开创性著作(1962)出版以来,各种各样的联盟模型被发展出来解释政府的形成和瓦解。然而,尽管模型多种多样,但文献似乎只根据经验检验来判断它们的可预测性,通常从它们的命题中得出假设,并通过统计进行检验。在这项工作中,我调查了联盟理论中的经典和最近的正式模型,展示了它们如何服务于不同的目的。我建立了一个模型分类,承认这些目的,更重要的是,它们在解释联盟时所起的作用。我确定了三种类型的模型:概念模型,其概念和理论价值依赖于模型中所包含的数学推导;准概念模型,将现实世界中的规则解释形式化;外推模型,它允许通过各种统计方法对正式模型进行实证检验。所有这些类型的模型共存,产生解释和设定研究议程。
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引用次数: 0
¿Cómo evaluamos el éxito de las políticas de igualdad de género? Criterios y herramientas metodológicas 我们如何评估性别平等政策的成功?方法标准和工具
IF 0.5 Q3 POLITICAL SCIENCE Pub Date : 2019-03-01 DOI: 10.21308/RECP.49.07
Julia Espinosa-Fajardo, María Bustelo
Tras aprobarse la estrategia de  mainstreaming  de genero en la IV Conferencia Mundial de la Mujer de Naciones Unidas (Beijing, 1995), la igualdad de genero ha ido tomando cada vez mas peso como un elemento clave que incluir no solo en la fase de diseno y formulacion de las politicas, sino tambien en su evaluacion. A este respecto, en las ultimas decadas diferentes propuestas teorico-metodologicas se han ido desarrollando en materia de evaluacion e igualdad de genero. Esta nota de investigacion persigue contribuir a la literatura y practica emergente sobre evaluacion de politicas de igualdad de genero. En concreto, a partir de una revision de la literatura existente sobre evaluacion y genero, reflexiona sobre que implica evaluar el exito y como hacerlo en estas politicas concretas. Los resultados ponen sobre la mesa la pertinencia de definir el «exito» de dichas politicas y los criterios especificos de evaluacion de las mismas, de modo contextualizado y negociado. Asimismo, sugieren la utilizacion de diversas herramientas —desarrolladas en el campo de las politicas de genero y de la evaluacion— para captar la complejidad del cambio en materia de igualdad de genero.
之后通过性别主流化战略的联合国第四次妇女问题世界会议(北京,1995年),性别平等已经采取越来越胖的一个关键要素包括不仅在设计阶段和政策,而是同样formulacion evaluacion。在这方面,在过去几十年里,在评价和性别平等领域发展了不同的理论和方法建议。本研究旨在为评估性别平等政策的新兴文献和实践做出贡献。本研究的目的是通过对性别和评价文献的回顾,反思评价成功所涉及的内容,以及如何在这些具体政策中这样做。研究结果表明,有必要以情境化和协商的方式界定这些政策的“成功”和评估这些政策的具体标准。他们还建议使用在性别政策和评价领域开发的各种工具来捕捉性别平等变化的复杂性。
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引用次数: 3
Influencia del marco normativo en la transparencia: análisis de los ayuntamientos españoles, 2014-2017 监管框架对透明度的影响:2014-2017年西班牙市政当局分析
IF 0.5 Q3 POLITICAL SCIENCE Pub Date : 2018-11-30 DOI: 10.21308/RECP.48.08
Leonor Mora, M. Delgado, J. A. Rivero
El objetivo del presente trabajo es valorar la capacidad del marco normativo en materia de transparencia para lograr la deseada transparencia en la gestion de las Administraciones publicas. Para ello se revisa la literatura existente referida a experiencias internacionales, identificando aquellos trabajos que refieren una ley o conjunto de leyes y miden el grado de transparencia en una fecha posterior a su entrada en vigor. Posteriormente se analiza el caso de los municipios espanoles de tamano grande en relacion con la Ley 19/2013 de Transparencia, Acceso a la Informacion Publica y Buen Gobierno. Para ello usamos los niveles de transparencia publicados, principalmente por el Indice SIELOCAL para 2014 (ano de entrada en vigor de la ley) y 2017. Estos datos se contrastan tambien con el indice elaborado y publicado por Transparencia Internacional Espana. Los resultados muestran una relacion significativa entre la ley y los logros en materia de transparencia, si bien las conclusiones de nuestra investigacion presentan la evolucion de la transparencia no solo como consecuencia del marco normativo, sino como resultado de una suma de factores.
这项工作的目的是评估透明度监管框架在公共行政管理中实现所需透明度的能力。为此,审查了有关国际经验的现有文献,确定了与一项或一套法律有关的工作,并在其生效后的一天测量了透明度的程度。随后,根据关于透明度、获取公共信息和善政的第19/2013号法律,分析了西班牙大城市的情况。为此,我们使用了公布的透明度水平,主要是2014年(法律生效年份)和2017年的SIELICAL指数。这些数据还与西班牙透明国际编制和公布的指数进行了对比。结果表明,法律与透明度成就之间存在着重要的关系,尽管我们的研究结论不仅反映了监管框架的演变,而且反映了各种因素的总和。
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引用次数: 0
El conflicto internacional en la zona gris: una propuesta teórica desde la perspectiva del realismo ofensivo 灰色地带的国际冲突:进攻现实主义视角下的理论命题
IF 0.5 Q3 POLITICAL SCIENCE Pub Date : 2018-11-30 DOI: 10.21308/RECP.48.05
J. Jordán
This article offers a theorization of the international conflict in the gray zone, a recent term within the literature of strategic studies. To this end, the concept is settled by identifying its defining features based on a review of the existing literature. Secondly, the conflict in the gray zone is framed in John Mearsheimer’s theory of Offensive Realism. It studies the conflictual politics between great powers politics and the strategies they use to increase their power relative to one another. Thirdly, the strategic lines of action developed in the gray zone are identified, and their pros and cons are also analyzed. This third objective complements and extends Mearsheimer’s theoretical proposal, which explains the origin of the rivalry between great powers but pays less attention to the development of this rivalry. Thus, the concept of gray zone finds accommodation within the realist theory of international politics and, at the same time, enriches it.
这篇文章提供了灰色地带国际冲突的理论,这是战略研究文献中的一个新术语。为此,在回顾现有文献的基础上,通过确定其定义特征来确定这一概念。其次,灰色地带的冲突是在约翰·米尔斯海默的进攻现实主义理论中构建的。它研究了大国政治之间的冲突政治,以及它们用来增加彼此权力的策略。第三,确定了在灰色地带制定的战略行动路线,并分析了其利弊。第三个目标补充和扩展了米尔斯海默的理论建议,该建议解释了大国之间竞争的起源,但较少关注这种竞争的发展。因此,灰色地带的概念在国际政治的现实主义理论中找到了契合点,同时也丰富了它。
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引用次数: 9
El poder en Moncloa: el jefe de Gabinete del presidente del Gobierno 蒙克洛亚的权力:政府总统的内阁首脑
IF 0.5 Q3 POLITICAL SCIENCE Pub Date : 2018-11-30 DOI: 10.21308/RECP.48.03
A. Garrido, M. Martínez
This article presents an original research based on a set of interviews that includes both almost all the chiefs of staff of the office of the President of Government and one of the previous presidents of the Spanish Government. It tries to understand, from this double point of view, the two vertexes of the relationship between the prime minister and his main adviser. The study deals with the profile, the emergence and expansion of this political figure and its evolution, with unpublished documents from Moncloa archives. It also shows the double power of exclusion and connection the chief of office has accumulated and it develops a comparative analysis of the power exercised by the various occupants of the post since the transition to democracy.
本文提出了一项基于一系列访谈的原创研究,其中包括政府总统办公室的几乎所有参谋长和西班牙政府前任总统之一。它试图从这个双重角度来理解总理和他的主要顾问之间关系的两个顶点。该研究利用蒙克洛亚档案中未发表的文件,探讨了这位政治人物的形象、出现和发展及其演变。它还展示了总统所积累的排他和联系的双重权力,并对自向民主过渡以来各种职位的居住者所行使的权力进行了比较分析。
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引用次数: 0
期刊
Revista Espanola de Ciencia Politica-RECP
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