Pub Date : 2004-02-01DOI: 10.1080/1090377042000196056
Steven Gimbel
At first glance, it is surprising that contemporary racist organizations like the Ku Klux Klan advertise a pro‐environmental stance. This fact, however, might be expected by Luc Ferry, who argues for a connection between the racism and nature protection laws of the Third Reich. Ferry argues that a non‐anthropocentric approach to nature makes it easier to dehumanize humans so that a non‐anthropocentric environmental ethic can transform into racist environmentalism. Does this contemporary case vindicate Ferry? We argue that it does not. When the underlying theoretical foundations and historical conditions that gave rise to the racist environmentalist movements and the contemporary non‐anthropocentric environmental left are analyzed, quite different pictures emerge: one type of non‐anthropocentric environmentalism is racist, one type of anthropocentric environmentalism is racist, and one type of non‐anthropocentric environmentalism is not racist, meaning that any relation between a non‐anthropocentric approach to nature and dehumanizing the Other is more complex and historically contextual than Ferry allows.
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Pub Date : 2004-02-01DOI: 10.1080/1090377042000196029
R. Sundstrom
Most research about race has been influenced by values of one sort or another. This started with the inception of race as a biological category. Cognitive values about race were concerned with the worth of distinctive taxonomic divisions, and political values about it were concerned with the moral, aesthetic, and political meanings of these human distinctions. The presence of cognitive and non‐cognitive values in contemporary social science concerning race is no less present or important. The role of racial politics is exposed in the debate over the nature of contemporary residential housing patterns, as well as in examinations of the methods and measures of segregation research. Such examinations uncover not only a sociology of the segregation studies, but also certain values about race and segregation. This leads us to richer explanations, given our public political desires, than we would have without those values.
{"title":"Racial politics in residential segregation studies","authors":"R. Sundstrom","doi":"10.1080/1090377042000196029","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/1090377042000196029","url":null,"abstract":"Most research about race has been influenced by values of one sort or another. This started with the inception of race as a biological category. Cognitive values about race were concerned with the worth of distinctive taxonomic divisions, and political values about it were concerned with the moral, aesthetic, and political meanings of these human distinctions. The presence of cognitive and non‐cognitive values in contemporary social science concerning race is no less present or important. The role of racial politics is exposed in the debate over the nature of contemporary residential housing patterns, as well as in examinations of the methods and measures of segregation research. Such examinations uncover not only a sociology of the segregation studies, but also certain values about race and segregation. This leads us to richer explanations, given our public political desires, than we would have without those values.","PeriodicalId":431617,"journal":{"name":"Philosophy & Geography","volume":"7 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2004-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130075721","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2004-02-01DOI: 10.1080/1090377042000196038
H. Mcgary
This essay examines neoconservative criticisms of equity planning, and the challenges against the right of government to regulate local development and land use. The specific concern of this essay is how, or if, local development administrators (equity planners), should use their discretionary powers to ensure that city officials and private developers promote and protect the interests of urban residents, particularly the poor and disadvantaged. The essay begins by discussing the alleged conflict said to exist between needy urban residents and the more secure urban taxpayers. The contrary views of equity planners are then reviewed, and the tensions within the neoconservative arguments are exposed and critiqued. Finally, the dispute between equity planners and neoconservatives is further explored by examining the dispute over the voucher system to address the problem of equal educational opportunity in urban communities.
{"title":"The new conservatism and the critique of equity planning","authors":"H. Mcgary","doi":"10.1080/1090377042000196038","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/1090377042000196038","url":null,"abstract":"This essay examines neoconservative criticisms of equity planning, and the challenges against the right of government to regulate local development and land use. The specific concern of this essay is how, or if, local development administrators (equity planners), should use their discretionary powers to ensure that city officials and private developers promote and protect the interests of urban residents, particularly the poor and disadvantaged. The essay begins by discussing the alleged conflict said to exist between needy urban residents and the more secure urban taxpayers. The contrary views of equity planners are then reviewed, and the tensions within the neoconservative arguments are exposed and critiqued. Finally, the dispute between equity planners and neoconservatives is further explored by examining the dispute over the voucher system to address the problem of equal educational opportunity in urban communities.","PeriodicalId":431617,"journal":{"name":"Philosophy & Geography","volume":"29 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2004-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"121841197","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2004-02-01DOI: 10.1080/1090377042000196065
F. Steiner
Ian McHarg opened a new way for us to see the world. His approach for interpreting the play between natural and cultural systems has become the dominant visualization technology of our time, just a...
{"title":"Commentary","authors":"F. Steiner","doi":"10.1080/1090377042000196065","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/1090377042000196065","url":null,"abstract":"Ian McHarg opened a new way for us to see the world. His approach for interpreting the play between natural and cultural systems has become the dominant visualization technology of our time, just a...","PeriodicalId":431617,"journal":{"name":"Philosophy & Geography","volume":"40 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2004-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114363537","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2004-02-01DOI: 10.1080/1090377042000196047
D. H. Kim
Imperialism rarely receives discussion in mainstream philosophy. In radical philosophy, where imperialism is analyzed with some frequency, European expansion is the paradigm. This essay considers the nature and specificity of American imperialism, especially its racialization structures, diplomatic history, and geographic trajectory, from pre‐twentieth century “Amerasia” to present‐day Eurasia. The essay begins with an account of imperialism generally, one which is couched in language consistent with left‐liberalism but compatible with a more radical discourse. This account is then used throughout the rest of the essay to illumine, through consideration of US foreign policy, structures of American dominion in Latin America, the Pacific, and Asia—and subsequently Eurasia. The overall analytic and geographic portrait offers critical context for both philosophy of race, which tends to be domestically oriented, and just war theory, which tends to ignore wider structures of diplomatic domination.
{"title":"The place of American empire: Amerasian territories and late American Modernity","authors":"D. H. Kim","doi":"10.1080/1090377042000196047","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/1090377042000196047","url":null,"abstract":"Imperialism rarely receives discussion in mainstream philosophy. In radical philosophy, where imperialism is analyzed with some frequency, European expansion is the paradigm. This essay considers the nature and specificity of American imperialism, especially its racialization structures, diplomatic history, and geographic trajectory, from pre‐twentieth century “Amerasia” to present‐day Eurasia. The essay begins with an account of imperialism generally, one which is couched in language consistent with left‐liberalism but compatible with a more radical discourse. This account is then used throughout the rest of the essay to illumine, through consideration of US foreign policy, structures of American dominion in Latin America, the Pacific, and Asia—and subsequently Eurasia. The overall analytic and geographic portrait offers critical context for both philosophy of race, which tends to be domestically oriented, and just war theory, which tends to ignore wider structures of diplomatic domination.","PeriodicalId":431617,"journal":{"name":"Philosophy & Geography","volume":"3 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2004-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115232777","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2004-02-01DOI: 10.1080/1090377042000196010
E. Mendieta
In the first part of this essay, I develop the argument that Michel Foucault's work should be read with geographical and topological ideas in mind. I argue that Foucault's archeology and genealogy are fundamentally determined by spatial, topological, geographical, and geometrical metaphors and concepts. This spatial dimension of genealogy is explicitly related to racism and the regimes that domesticate agents through the practices, institutions and ideologies of racialization. The second part offers a genealogical reading of US history and spatiality in terms of its racial institutions. I suggest that if we want to read the US geographies of topographies and cartographies of racism in a Foucauldian manner, then we must focus on plantations, ghettos, and prisons as the spaces‐institutions‐geographies that consolidated the racial matrix of US polity. My goal is to acculturate Foucauldian racial genealogy to the US racial matrix, and, conversely, to read US geo‐history in terms of racializing spatialities.
{"title":"Plantations, ghettos, prisons: US racial geographies","authors":"E. Mendieta","doi":"10.1080/1090377042000196010","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/1090377042000196010","url":null,"abstract":"In the first part of this essay, I develop the argument that Michel Foucault's work should be read with geographical and topological ideas in mind. I argue that Foucault's archeology and genealogy are fundamentally determined by spatial, topological, geographical, and geometrical metaphors and concepts. This spatial dimension of genealogy is explicitly related to racism and the regimes that domesticate agents through the practices, institutions and ideologies of racialization. The second part offers a genealogical reading of US history and spatiality in terms of its racial institutions. I suggest that if we want to read the US geographies of topographies and cartographies of racism in a Foucauldian manner, then we must focus on plantations, ghettos, and prisons as the spaces‐institutions‐geographies that consolidated the racial matrix of US polity. My goal is to acculturate Foucauldian racial genealogy to the US racial matrix, and, conversely, to read US geo‐history in terms of racializing spatialities.","PeriodicalId":431617,"journal":{"name":"Philosophy & Geography","volume":"7 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2004-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128997785","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2003-08-01DOI: 10.1080/1090377032000114642
Ina Ro¨sing
A systematic review of studies on space and on gender in general anthropology, sociology, architecture and other related social science fields allows us to distinguish four different types of approaches. Studies on gender, space, on gender and space (including gendered space), and the gender of space. Unlike genderized space, where biologically determined gender is a factor, gender of space is a symbolic genderization of space wherein three levels may be distinguished: 1) imagery, 2) iconography, 3) choreography. Gender of space is here illustrated by a rather unique case of a rich, behaviorally-relevant genderization of space in the Andes, where not only time and space and landscape are genderized, but also agricultural fields, village space, living space, and sacrificial space. Deriving from genderized agricultural space, people and people's offices are also genderized. Data are reported on ten different symbolic genders of people, all highly relevant (and sanctioned in case of deviation) in everyday behavior and in religious ritual. Thus, genderized space-deduced symbolic human gender creates a highly complicated choreography in a multitude of further genderized spaces.
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Pub Date : 2003-08-01DOI: 10.1080/1090377032000114651
J. Malpas
References to Heidegger appear only infrequently in Foucault’s work. Yet Heidegger is there both at the beginning of Foucault’s career—in the context of Foucault’s introduction to Ludwig Binswanger’s Dreams and Existence—and also towards the end—in a well-known late interview in which he tells us that, for him, “Heidegger was always ... the essential philosopher.” The question of the relation between Heidegger and Foucault is clearly an important one, and there are certainly a number of points at which their ideas may be thought to intersect, but, until recently, the question had not been the subject of any close examination. While a number of writers had made claims concerning the relationship, mostly arguing against the idea of any significant influence, little detailed work had been done. Stuart Elden’s book, Mapping the Present, goes a long way toward rectifying this omission. Although Elden’s work is not historical or biographical in focus—he does not attempt to track particular lines of influence as these may be documented in specific references or incidents—he nevertheless develops a reading of Heidegger and Foucault that allows us to see the work of these two thinkers as standing in very close proximity—so much so that the work of the one appears in certain significant respects to be almost a continuation, though with important differences, of the work of the other. Elden’s book comprises five chapters, of which three focus on Heidegger and two on Foucault. The discussion of Heidegger is organized along more or less chronological lines: chapter one deals with Being and Time; chapter two with the shifts in Heidegger’s thinking that occur in his engagement with Hölderlin and Nietzsche; chapter three with Heidegger’s essays on art and technology. The chapters on Foucault are arranged analytically rather than chronologically: chapter four takes up certain key ideas in Foucault’s work, notably the ideas of archaeology and genealogy, and of limit and power, recasting them in the light of the reading of Heidegger articulated in the preceding chapters; chapter five applies the analytical framework so developed to a number of Foucault’s own writings and to his account of modern disciplinary practice within the hospital, the prison and elsewhere.
在福柯的著作中，对海德格尔的提及很少出现。然而，海德格尔在福柯职业生涯的开始——在福柯对路德维希·宾斯旺格的《梦与存在》的介绍的背景下——以及在他最后一次著名的采访中告诉我们，对他来说，“海德格尔总是……基本的哲学家。”海德格尔和福柯之间的关系问题显然是一个重要的问题，当然，他们的思想在许多方面可能被认为是相交的，但是，直到最近，这个问题还没有成为任何仔细研究的主题。虽然一些作家提出了关于这种关系的说法，但大多反对任何重大影响的观点，但很少有详细的研究。斯图尔特·埃尔登(Stuart Elden)的书《绘制现在》(Mapping the Present)在纠正这一疏漏方面做了很大的努力。尽管埃尔登的作品不是历史或传记的焦点——他并没有试图追踪特定的影响线，因为这些可能被记录在特定的参考文献或事件中——他仍然发展了对海德格尔和福柯的阅读，使我们能够看到这两位思想家的作品非常接近——以至于一个人的作品在某些重要方面几乎是一个延续，尽管有重要的区别，另一个人的工作。埃尔登的书共有五章，其中三章聚焦于海德格尔，两章聚焦于福柯。关于海德格尔的讨论或多或少是按照时间顺序组织的:第一章论述存在与时间;第二章，海德格尔思想的转变发生在他与Hölderlin和尼采的交往中;第三章，海德格尔关于艺术与技术的论述。关于福柯的章节是按分析顺序排列的，而不是按时间顺序排列的:第四章讨论了福柯作品中的一些关键思想，尤其是考古学和谱系学的思想，以及限制和权力的思想，根据前几章对海德格尔的解读，对这些思想进行了重新诠释;第五章将分析框架应用于福柯自己的一些著作，以及他对医院，监狱和其他地方的现代纪律实践的描述。
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Pub Date : 2003-08-01DOI: 10.1080/1090377032000114705
Jonathan M. Smith
It would be difficult to accurately summarize Olwig’s complex and rewarding book in short space. It is not at all difficult to summarize it with partial accuracy, however, so that is what I propose to do. I do this not only for the sake of brevity, but also because the intellectual impact of a book that permits a simple and partially accurate summary is so often an impact of the imperfect summary, and not of the book itself. So some of what I am about to say is directed not so much at Olwig’s book, as at statements that are likely to appear in coming years with Olwig’s book appended as a legitimizing footnote. Olwig basically posits two forms of landscape, what we might call the community form and the scenic form. In the community form, a landscape is a particular social order, a “historically constituted” system of persons and practices that gives shape to a particular piece of land. This is the landscape geographers most often study, because it represents the everyday political and economic arrangements of the community. To insider and outsider alike, experience of the community form of landscape is experience of the social order as complex and contingent, as diverse individuals and groups interacting through evolving, negotiated relations. The scenic form of landscape is a particular vista, or type of vista, that is thought to condense, epitomize, or represent a wide territory and the social order that occupies that territory. As the word scenery implies, such landscapes are more often extraordinary than typical, for they are presumed to manifest an essence that lies behind everyday appearances. As representations of the social order, scenic landscapes accomplish two things. By presenting an essential unity of scenery they obscure the actual diversity of persons and places in the social order that occupies that landscape. For instance, the great iconographic landscapes of the United States, preserved in national parks, present wild nature as a unifying American theme, while they obscure the diversity of everyday social, economic, and political life in America. By omitting from the scene representations of the intermediate institutions that stand between the individual and the state, scenic landscapes also, according to Olwig, aid centralization of political power. To view
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Pub Date : 2003-08-01DOI: 10.1080/1090377032000114624
V. Colapietro
This paper focuses upon "bebop" as a distinctively urban movement for the purpose of contributing to the articulation of a distinctively urban aesthetics. The author examines both how the music was taken up in such cities as New York, Los Angeles, Kansas City, St. Louis, and Chicago, and in turn how an urban sensibility was expressed in this particular movement.
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