Ag has the lowest stacking fault energy of all metals, which allows twin formation to occur more easily. The (111)-preferred orientation Ag nanotwinned films is fabricated by either sputtering or evaporation method exhibit columnar Ag grains grown vertically on Si substrates. Ag nanotwinned films have a (111)-preferred orientation with a density about 98% and diffusivity that is 2 to 5 orders of magnitude higher than those of (100) and (110) surfaces. Low temperature direct bonding with (111)-oriented Ag nanotwins films is proposed to fulfil the requirements for wafer-on-wafer (WoW), chip-on-wafer (CoW), and chip-on-wafer-on-substrate (CoWoS) advanced 3D-IC packaging, with the process temperature drastically reduced to 100°C. Such an innovative bonding method also provides a promising solution for die attachment of Si chips with DBC-ceramic substrates for power module packaging.
{"title":"Low-Temperature Direct Bonding of 3D-IC Packages and Power IC Modules Using Ag Nanotwinned Thin Films","authors":"T. Chuang, Po-Ching Wu, Y. Lai, Pei-Ing Lee","doi":"10.4018/ijmmme.313037","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4018/ijmmme.313037","url":null,"abstract":"Ag has the lowest stacking fault energy of all metals, which allows twin formation to occur more easily. The (111)-preferred orientation Ag nanotwinned films is fabricated by either sputtering or evaporation method exhibit columnar Ag grains grown vertically on Si substrates. Ag nanotwinned films have a (111)-preferred orientation with a density about 98% and diffusivity that is 2 to 5 orders of magnitude higher than those of (100) and (110) surfaces. Low temperature direct bonding with (111)-oriented Ag nanotwins films is proposed to fulfil the requirements for wafer-on-wafer (WoW), chip-on-wafer (CoW), and chip-on-wafer-on-substrate (CoWoS) advanced 3D-IC packaging, with the process temperature drastically reduced to 100°C. Such an innovative bonding method also provides a promising solution for die attachment of Si chips with DBC-ceramic substrates for power module packaging.","PeriodicalId":43174,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Manufacturing Materials and Mechanical Engineering","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43542328","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The forming of low and high strength tailor welded steel sheets into preferred three-dimensional shapes by a homogeneous distribution of plastic strain is highly difficult. In this work, the formability of tailor-welded blanks prepared using laser welding of low (IS 513 CR2, IS 513 CR3) and high tensile strength (AISI 304) steel sheets were analyzed and the formation of the edge profile and weld line movement was also examined. The results showed a decrease in formability characteristics owing to the increase in Strength Ratio. Scanning Electron Microscope analysis of the fracture locations within unsuccessfully formed tailor welded blanks showed the presence of tempered martensite in the soft zone was found to be the most predominant factor affecting its failure. The formability characteristics of investigated tailored blanks were predicted using finite element simulation and compared with experimented results for validation.
{"title":"Forming of tailor welded blanks through centerline and offset laser welding","authors":"","doi":"10.4018/ijmmme.299059","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4018/ijmmme.299059","url":null,"abstract":"The forming of low and high strength tailor welded steel sheets into preferred three-dimensional shapes by a homogeneous distribution of plastic strain is highly difficult. In this work, the formability of tailor-welded blanks prepared using laser welding of low (IS 513 CR2, IS 513 CR3) and high tensile strength (AISI 304) steel sheets were analyzed and the formation of the edge profile and weld line movement was also examined. The results showed a decrease in formability characteristics owing to the increase in Strength Ratio. Scanning Electron Microscope analysis of the fracture locations within unsuccessfully formed tailor welded blanks showed the presence of tempered martensite in the soft zone was found to be the most predominant factor affecting its failure. The formability characteristics of investigated tailored blanks were predicted using finite element simulation and compared with experimented results for validation.","PeriodicalId":43174,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Manufacturing Materials and Mechanical Engineering","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"70460635","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Finite Element (FE) simulation of sheet/tube forming precision depends mainly on the accuracy of the constitutive modeling. The present paper aim is to compare the constitutive models to fit the stress-strain curves. The accurate deformation behavior of the SS 304 tubes depends on the constitutive modeling of hardening behavior. Deformation data of the tensile specimens cut from tubular sample were collected by conducting Uniaxial tensile tests (UTT) at three different rolling directions. Five constitutive relationships were then recognized by fitting the true stress and strain data with the constitutive models of Hollomon, Power, Krupowsky, Voce and Ghosh, and the fitting accuracy were analyzed and compared. Effects of hardening models on Forming Limit Curves (FLC), pressure loading and bulge height of the hydroformed tube were then studied. The obtained FLC from the simulations were compared with experimental FLC to predict the accuracy of the hardening models.
{"title":"Comparison of Constitutive Models for predicting the formability of SS 304 by tubular hydroforming process","authors":"P. V. Reddy","doi":"10.4018/ijmmme.293227","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4018/ijmmme.293227","url":null,"abstract":"Finite Element (FE) simulation of sheet/tube forming precision depends mainly on the accuracy of the constitutive modeling. The present paper aim is to compare the constitutive models to fit the stress-strain curves. The accurate deformation behavior of the SS 304 tubes depends on the constitutive modeling of hardening behavior. Deformation data of the tensile specimens cut from tubular sample were collected by conducting Uniaxial tensile tests (UTT) at three different rolling directions. Five constitutive relationships were then recognized by fitting the true stress and strain data with the constitutive models of Hollomon, Power, Krupowsky, Voce and Ghosh, and the fitting accuracy were analyzed and compared. Effects of hardening models on Forming Limit Curves (FLC), pressure loading and bulge height of the hydroformed tube were then studied. The obtained FLC from the simulations were compared with experimental FLC to predict the accuracy of the hardening models.","PeriodicalId":43174,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Manufacturing Materials and Mechanical Engineering","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48191944","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-07-01DOI: 10.4018/IJMMME.2021070103
D. D. Nguyen, Dat Van Chu, Le Van Sy
The remote-controlled explosive ordnance disposal machine, an important device used in the military, has been developed in many countries. It has become more intelligent and multi-functional due to being integrated with many functional components. New generations have been equipped with a completely remote-controlled system and high-resolution cameras. In bomb disposal work, this integrated machine can be used to replace other single-operating machines which allow to reduce greatly consuming time and labor effort as well as safety for operators. There are significant distinctions in design among well-known manufacturers. One of important components of this machine is hydraulic system that drives operating equipment of the machine. This paper focuses on analyzing and simulating dynamic model of the hydraulic system during the bomb laying process. The main target of this study is to meet the requirements for controlling a remote-controlled explosive ordnance disposal machine with high specific power, low hysteresis, high precision control, which ensures precision operation and safety.
{"title":"Dynamic Analysis and Simulation of the Hydraulic Control System on the Remote-Controlled Explosive Ordnance Disposal Machine","authors":"D. D. Nguyen, Dat Van Chu, Le Van Sy","doi":"10.4018/IJMMME.2021070103","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4018/IJMMME.2021070103","url":null,"abstract":"The remote-controlled explosive ordnance disposal machine, an important device used in the military, has been developed in many countries. It has become more intelligent and multi-functional due to being integrated with many functional components. New generations have been equipped with a completely remote-controlled system and high-resolution cameras. In bomb disposal work, this integrated machine can be used to replace other single-operating machines which allow to reduce greatly consuming time and labor effort as well as safety for operators. There are significant distinctions in design among well-known manufacturers. One of important components of this machine is hydraulic system that drives operating equipment of the machine. This paper focuses on analyzing and simulating dynamic model of the hydraulic system during the bomb laying process. The main target of this study is to meet the requirements for controlling a remote-controlled explosive ordnance disposal machine with high specific power, low hysteresis, high precision control, which ensures precision operation and safety.","PeriodicalId":43174,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Manufacturing Materials and Mechanical Engineering","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2021-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48982115","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-07-01DOI: 10.4018/IJMMME.2021070102
S. Yamaguchi, Takuya Motosugi, Yoshihiko Takahashi
A small hydroponic system that can use sustainable energy such as solar power has been developed. However, the amount of power generated is not constant, and in the case of unstable weather, enough power cannot be obtained. Therefore, it is necessary to store the generated energy in a battery. In order to design low-cost charging equipment, it is necessary to use a smaller battery and to estimate the remaining charge capacity (state of charge: SOC) accurately. To provide an accurate SOC estimation for such systems, a fusion of CI (current integral) and OCV (open circuit voltage) methods is proposed. When using this method, it is necessary to frequently disconnect the electronic load. In these experiments, the optimum disconnection duration, the effects on plants of frequent battery disconnection, and cutting off of the lighting were investigated.
{"title":"Battery Management for Small Hydroponic Systems and Cultivation Experiments","authors":"S. Yamaguchi, Takuya Motosugi, Yoshihiko Takahashi","doi":"10.4018/IJMMME.2021070102","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4018/IJMMME.2021070102","url":null,"abstract":"A small hydroponic system that can use sustainable energy such as solar power has been developed. However, the amount of power generated is not constant, and in the case of unstable weather, enough power cannot be obtained. Therefore, it is necessary to store the generated energy in a battery. In order to design low-cost charging equipment, it is necessary to use a smaller battery and to estimate the remaining charge capacity (state of charge: SOC) accurately. To provide an accurate SOC estimation for such systems, a fusion of CI (current integral) and OCV (open circuit voltage) methods is proposed. When using this method, it is necessary to frequently disconnect the electronic load. In these experiments, the optimum disconnection duration, the effects on plants of frequent battery disconnection, and cutting off of the lighting were investigated.","PeriodicalId":43174,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Manufacturing Materials and Mechanical Engineering","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2021-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42080796","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-07-01DOI: 10.4018/IJMMME.2021070104
Sathish Kumar Adapa, D. Sreeramulu, Jagadish
This paper reports classification and automatic extraction of various cylindrical and milling features in conventional machining process parts. In this work, various algorithms like hole recognition algorithm (HRA) and milling feature recognition algorithm (MFRA) have been used for identification of different cylindrical and milling features. A cylindrical feature is identified based on specific logical rules, and milling feature is identified based on the concept of concave decomposition of edges. In-house developed JAVA program is used to write algorithm, and then validation of the algorithm is done through two case studies. The HRA and MFRA algorithms extract the cylindrical features (through holes, blind holes, taper holes, and bosses) and milling features (slot, blind slot, step, blind step, pockets) precisely. The current work is well suitable to extract the features in conventional machining parts and thereby improve the downstream applications likes process planning, CAPP, CAM, etc.
{"title":"Classification and Automatic Feature-Based Extraction Approach for Cylindrical and Milling Parts","authors":"Sathish Kumar Adapa, D. Sreeramulu, Jagadish","doi":"10.4018/IJMMME.2021070104","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4018/IJMMME.2021070104","url":null,"abstract":"This paper reports classification and automatic extraction of various cylindrical and milling features in conventional machining process parts. In this work, various algorithms like hole recognition algorithm (HRA) and milling feature recognition algorithm (MFRA) have been used for identification of different cylindrical and milling features. A cylindrical feature is identified based on specific logical rules, and milling feature is identified based on the concept of concave decomposition of edges. In-house developed JAVA program is used to write algorithm, and then validation of the algorithm is done through two case studies. The HRA and MFRA algorithms extract the cylindrical features (through holes, blind holes, taper holes, and bosses) and milling features (slot, blind slot, step, blind step, pockets) precisely. The current work is well suitable to extract the features in conventional machining parts and thereby improve the downstream applications likes process planning, CAPP, CAM, etc.","PeriodicalId":43174,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Manufacturing Materials and Mechanical Engineering","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2021-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47754858","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-07-01DOI: 10.4018/IJMMME.2021070105
M. N. Babu, V. Anandan, M. Babu, N. Muthukrishnan
The influence of lubrication has an effect on health, surroundings, and manufacturing regions. In the current analysis, the impact of turning parameters such as cutting speed, feed rate and cutting conditions on surface roughness (Ra), cutting temperature, tool wear, and chip morphology are examined on SKD 11 steel. The experiments were performed with Taguchi's L18 orthogonal-array. The significance of the investigation involved in comparing the effect of dry, oil machining, and nano lubricants with minimum quantity lubrication (MQL) in turning process. Additionally, simple additive weighting method (SAW) has been utilized to enhance the turning parameters in SKD 11 steel for improved machining performance. Results indicate that the use of nanoparticles as cutting fluids serve in reducing the surface roughness, cutting temperature, and wear on the tool.
{"title":"Turning SKD 11 Steel Using Silver Nanofluids With Minimum Quantity Lubrication","authors":"M. N. Babu, V. Anandan, M. Babu, N. Muthukrishnan","doi":"10.4018/IJMMME.2021070105","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4018/IJMMME.2021070105","url":null,"abstract":"The influence of lubrication has an effect on health, surroundings, and manufacturing regions. In the current analysis, the impact of turning parameters such as cutting speed, feed rate and cutting conditions on surface roughness (Ra), cutting temperature, tool wear, and chip morphology are examined on SKD 11 steel. The experiments were performed with Taguchi's L18 orthogonal-array. The significance of the investigation involved in comparing the effect of dry, oil machining, and nano lubricants with minimum quantity lubrication (MQL) in turning process. Additionally, simple additive weighting method (SAW) has been utilized to enhance the turning parameters in SKD 11 steel for improved machining performance. Results indicate that the use of nanoparticles as cutting fluids serve in reducing the surface roughness, cutting temperature, and wear on the tool.","PeriodicalId":43174,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Manufacturing Materials and Mechanical Engineering","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2021-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46796432","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-07-01DOI: 10.4018/IJMMME.2021070101
Y. Ju, E. Jeon
In this paper, the authors proposed an optimal design method for the strength design of infant pop-up seat frame combined with rear seats for infants, children, and adults, not removable booster seats or car seats. Frame strength design was performed using discrete material and thickness optimization (DMTO) method considering high strength steel (HSS) and advanced high strength steel (AHSS). Structural design using the Section 4 link mechanism was performed, and the weakness of the seat frame due to static load was confirmed through finite element analysis. An optimal design criterion was established by carrying out a case study to derive the limiting conditions according to static and dynamic loads. In consideration of these criteria, the optimal design according to d-optimal and discrete Latin-hypercube (DLH) was performed among the design of experiments (DOE). And the strength of the pop-up seat frame for infants according to each DOE was checked, and the strength optimization method was suggested by comparing the lightweight ratio.
{"title":"Strength Optimization of Infant Pop-Up Seat Frame Using Discrete Material and Thickness Optimization","authors":"Y. Ju, E. Jeon","doi":"10.4018/IJMMME.2021070101","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4018/IJMMME.2021070101","url":null,"abstract":"In this paper, the authors proposed an optimal design method for the strength design of infant pop-up seat frame combined with rear seats for infants, children, and adults, not removable booster seats or car seats. Frame strength design was performed using discrete material and thickness optimization (DMTO) method considering high strength steel (HSS) and advanced high strength steel (AHSS). Structural design using the Section 4 link mechanism was performed, and the weakness of the seat frame due to static load was confirmed through finite element analysis. An optimal design criterion was established by carrying out a case study to derive the limiting conditions according to static and dynamic loads. In consideration of these criteria, the optimal design according to d-optimal and discrete Latin-hypercube (DLH) was performed among the design of experiments (DOE). And the strength of the pop-up seat frame for infants according to each DOE was checked, and the strength optimization method was suggested by comparing the lightweight ratio.","PeriodicalId":43174,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Manufacturing Materials and Mechanical Engineering","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2021-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44863311","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-01-01DOI: 10.4018/ijmmme.2021010104
D. Smart, J. Kumar, Joses Jenish Smart
An effort was contrived to incorporate aluminium alloy (AA) 7075 reinforced with Silicon Nitride (Si3N4), Tantalum Carbide (TaC), and Titanium (Ti) particulates using conventional stir casting technique. The tension and creep investigations of these composite materials were analysed at room and elevated temperature to regulate their strain to failure and ultimate tensile strength (UTS). The data obtained inferred that addition of these ceramic reinforcements was naturally enhanced the mechanical and creep properties. Strength due to elongation was observed as high as 111.41 N/mm2 at 120°C when compared to unalloyed aluminium alloy. The load tests analysis reveals that the increase in reinforcement wt% of TaC and Ti combinations leads to increase in resistance for deformation failure and the composite is able to with stand 500 kg load at 120°C. The results of the creep tests shows that the ability of the material to with stand an higher cycle time of more than 30,000 seconds when the strain value is 0.02 wt% of reinforcement are 0.5% of TaC, 6% of Si3N4, and 1% of Ti.
{"title":"High Temperature Mechanical and Creep Performance of AA7075/TaC/Si3N4/Ti Hybrid Metal Matrix Composites","authors":"D. Smart, J. Kumar, Joses Jenish Smart","doi":"10.4018/ijmmme.2021010104","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4018/ijmmme.2021010104","url":null,"abstract":"An effort was contrived to incorporate aluminium alloy (AA) 7075 reinforced with Silicon Nitride (Si3N4), Tantalum Carbide (TaC), and Titanium (Ti) particulates using conventional stir casting technique. The tension and creep investigations of these composite materials were analysed at room and elevated temperature to regulate their strain to failure and ultimate tensile strength (UTS). The data obtained inferred that addition of these ceramic reinforcements was naturally enhanced the mechanical and creep properties. Strength due to elongation was observed as high as 111.41 N/mm2 at 120°C when compared to unalloyed aluminium alloy. The load tests analysis reveals that the increase in reinforcement wt% of TaC and Ti combinations leads to increase in resistance for deformation failure and the composite is able to with stand 500 kg load at 120°C. The results of the creep tests shows that the ability of the material to with stand an higher cycle time of more than 30,000 seconds when the strain value is 0.02 wt% of reinforcement are 0.5% of TaC, 6% of Si3N4, and 1% of Ti.","PeriodicalId":43174,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Manufacturing Materials and Mechanical Engineering","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2021-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44523951","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-04-01DOI: 10.4018/ijmmme.2020040104
Elango Natarajan, M. Razif, A. Faudzi, K. Palanikumar
Soft actuators are generally built to achieve extension, contraction, curling, or bending motions needed for robotic or medical applications. It is prepared with a cylindrical tube, braided with fibers that restrict the radial motion and produce the extension, contraction, or bending. The actuation is achieved through the input of compressed air with a different pressure. The stiffness of the materials controls the magnitude of the actuation. In the present study, Silastic-P1 silicone RTV and multi-wall carbon nanotubes (MWCNT) with reinforced silicone are considered for the evaluation. The dumbbell samples are prepared from both materials as per ASTM D412-06a (ISO 37) standard and their corresponding tensile strength, elongation at break, and tensile modulus are measured. The Ogden nonlinear material constants of respective materials are estimated and used further in the finite element analysis of extension, contraction, and bending soft actuators. It is observed that silicone RTV is better in high strain and fast response, whereas, silicone/MWCNT is better at achieving high actuation.
软致动器通常用于实现机器人或医疗应用所需的伸展、收缩、卷曲或弯曲运动。它是用一个圆柱形的管，用纤维编织，限制径向运动，产生拉伸、收缩或弯曲。通过输入不同压力的压缩空气来实现驱动。材料的刚度控制着驱动的大小。本研究考虑了硅橡胶- p1硅橡胶RTV和增强硅橡胶的多壁碳纳米管(MWCNT)进行评价。哑铃样品由两种材料按照ASTM D412-06a (ISO 37)标准制备，并测量其相应的拉伸强度，断裂伸长率和拉伸模量。估计了相应材料的奥格登非线性材料常数，并将其进一步应用于伸缩、收缩和弯曲软执行器的有限元分析中。结果表明，硅酮RTV在高应变和快速响应方面表现较好，而硅酮/MWCNT在高驱动方面表现较好。
{"title":"Evaluation of a Suitable Material for Soft Actuator Through Experiments and FE Simulations","authors":"Elango Natarajan, M. Razif, A. Faudzi, K. Palanikumar","doi":"10.4018/ijmmme.2020040104","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4018/ijmmme.2020040104","url":null,"abstract":"Soft actuators are generally built to achieve extension, contraction, curling, or bending motions needed for robotic or medical applications. It is prepared with a cylindrical tube, braided with fibers that restrict the radial motion and produce the extension, contraction, or bending. The actuation is achieved through the input of compressed air with a different pressure. The stiffness of the materials controls the magnitude of the actuation. In the present study, Silastic-P1 silicone RTV and multi-wall carbon nanotubes (MWCNT) with reinforced silicone are considered for the evaluation. The dumbbell samples are prepared from both materials as per ASTM D412-06a (ISO 37) standard and their corresponding tensile strength, elongation at break, and tensile modulus are measured. The Ogden nonlinear material constants of respective materials are estimated and used further in the finite element analysis of extension, contraction, and bending soft actuators. It is observed that silicone RTV is better in high strain and fast response, whereas, silicone/MWCNT is better at achieving high actuation.","PeriodicalId":43174,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Manufacturing Materials and Mechanical Engineering","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2020-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.4018/ijmmme.2020040104","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46125446","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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