Pub Date : 2023-09-01DOI: 10.1016/j.pto.2023.05.003
S. Ponnelle , J. Etasse
The purpose of the study is to identify predictors of intention to leave the teaching profession early. The aim is to identify factors related to work requirements and/or the individual that may predict intentions to dropout to the profession or migrate to another school compared to intentions to remain a teacher. A questionnaire assessing sociodemographic characteristics, career stage, burnout, and 34 factors related to daily work demands was completed by 193 French teachers, all tenured and practicing in secondary schools. An exploratory factor analysis (EFA) revealed 4 factors reflecting the difficulties of teaching work likely to explain the phenomenon of dropping out. Simple and multiple logistic regression analyses have been used to test two adjustment models identifying the work and/or individual factors predicting the risk of dropout. Reasons for intentions to quit or migrate are different but involve working conditions. The results are discussed in relation to the international literature and recommendations are proposed.
{"title":"Pourquoi les enseignants du secondaire en France ont-ils l’intention de décrocher de leur profession ou de leur établissement scolaire ? : exploration des facteurs prédictifs","authors":"S. Ponnelle , J. Etasse","doi":"10.1016/j.pto.2023.05.003","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.pto.2023.05.003","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>The purpose of the study is to identify predictors of intention to leave the teaching profession early. The aim is to identify factors related to work requirements and/or the individual that may predict intentions to dropout to the profession or migrate to another school compared to intentions to remain a teacher. A questionnaire assessing sociodemographic characteristics, career stage, burnout, and 34 factors related to daily work demands was completed by 193 French teachers, all tenured and practicing in secondary schools. An exploratory factor analysis (EFA) revealed 4 factors reflecting the difficulties of teaching work likely to explain the phenomenon of dropping out. Simple and multiple logistic regression analyses have been used to test two adjustment models identifying the work and/or individual factors predicting the risk of dropout. Reasons for intentions to quit or migrate are different but involve working conditions. The results are discussed in relation to the international literature and recommendations are proposed.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":43191,"journal":{"name":"Psychologie du Travail et des Organisations","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2023-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"50197804","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-09-01DOI: 10.1016/j.pto.2023.05.004
N. Le Gonidec , C. Dubois , C. Fenzy , E. Galy
This article offers a new perspective on the working conditions of teleworkers. Thus, the originality of this study lies in the use and operationalization of the ICA model (Galy, 2017) for the analysis of verbatims and the categorization of factors influencing the quality of work life, based on the realization of semi-structured interviews. The results, on the one hand, validate the reference model in a qualitative way and, on the other hand, show that the individual interpretation of each employee is necessary to be able to categorize the factors influencing each of the dimensions of mental workload. Thus, we propose to add a cognitive evaluation module to the theoretical model, in order to refine the conceptualization of mental workload.
{"title":"Identification des facteurs de charge mentale de travail des conseillers en centre d’appels à l’aide d’entretiens semi-directifs","authors":"N. Le Gonidec , C. Dubois , C. Fenzy , E. Galy","doi":"10.1016/j.pto.2023.05.004","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.pto.2023.05.004","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>This article offers a new perspective on the working conditions of teleworkers. Thus, the originality of this study lies in the use and operationalization of the ICA model (Galy, 2017) for the analysis of verbatims and the categorization of factors influencing the quality of work life, based on the realization of semi-structured interviews. The results, on the one hand, validate the reference model in a qualitative way and, on the other hand, show that the individual interpretation of each employee is necessary to be able to categorize the factors influencing each of the dimensions of mental workload. Thus, we propose to add a cognitive evaluation module to the theoretical model, in order to refine the conceptualization of mental workload.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":43191,"journal":{"name":"Psychologie du Travail et des Organisations","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2023-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"50197805","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-09-01DOI: 10.1016/j.pto.2023.04.001
R. Fares, B. Gangloff
In the continuity of the works on attributional ambiguity, this research focuses on the cognitive, emotional and behavioral effects produced by explicit or implicit employment discrimination. In accordance with our hypothesis, participants within an explicit discrimination perceive more injustice and discrimination compared to those with an ambiguous one. They also show more anger and demonstrate more adjustment strategies for finding a job within the explicit discrimination than the participants among the ambiguous one. These results are confronted with those of the literature and discussed in terms of their practical implications.
{"title":"Réactions cognitives et émotionnelles à des discriminations raciales explicites vs ambiguës","authors":"R. Fares, B. Gangloff","doi":"10.1016/j.pto.2023.04.001","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.pto.2023.04.001","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>In the continuity of the works on attributional ambiguity, this research focuses on the cognitive, emotional and behavioral effects produced by explicit or implicit employment discrimination. In accordance with our hypothesis, participants within an explicit discrimination perceive more injustice and discrimination compared to those with an ambiguous one. They also show more anger and demonstrate more adjustment strategies for finding a job within the explicit discrimination than the participants among the ambiguous one. These results are confronted with those of the literature and discussed in terms of their practical implications.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":43191,"journal":{"name":"Psychologie du Travail et des Organisations","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2023-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"50197808","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-09-01DOI: 10.1016/j.pto.2023.05.001
M. Giunchi, A.-M. Vonthron
Considered as an additional job demand, the use of technologies for work-related reasons could increase psychological demands at work, favoring the appearance of workaholism. Our study examines the impact of the frequency of this use on psychological demands at work and workaholism in a sample of 223 people at work from various professional backgrounds, by verifying whether there are differences between men and women. The results showed that the use of technologies (desktop computer, laptop, tablet, smartphone/mobile phone) for work-related reasons increases psychological demands felt at work, consequently favoring the appearance of the two components of workaholism (working excessively and working compulsively) in men and women. In addition, the results show us gender differences: the strength of the relationship between the use of technologies for work-related reasons and working excessively, partially mediated by psychological demands at work, was slightly higher among men than in women; strength of the relationship between the use of technologies for work-related reasons and working compulsively, partially mediated by psychological demands at work, was found just among men, whereas a full mediation was found among women. This research highlights the importance of investigating the mechanisms that may explain how the use of technologies for work-related reasons could enhance the risk of work addiction, by considering gender differences.
{"title":"La relation entre l’usage professionnel des technologies numériques et l’addiction au travail médiatisée par les demandes psychologiques au travail : quelles différences entre les hommes et les femmes ?","authors":"M. Giunchi, A.-M. Vonthron","doi":"10.1016/j.pto.2023.05.001","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.pto.2023.05.001","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Considered as an additional job demand, the use of technologies for work-related reasons could increase psychological demands at work, favoring the appearance of workaholism. Our study examines the impact of the frequency of this use on psychological demands at work and workaholism in a sample of 223 people at work from various professional backgrounds, by verifying whether there are differences between men and women. The results showed that the use of technologies (desktop computer, laptop, tablet, smartphone/mobile phone) for work-related reasons increases psychological demands felt at work, consequently favoring the appearance of the two components of workaholism (working excessively and working compulsively) in men and women. In addition, the results show us gender differences: the strength of the relationship between the use of technologies for work-related reasons and working excessively, partially mediated by psychological demands at work, was slightly higher among men than in women; strength of the relationship between the use of technologies for work-related reasons and working compulsively, partially mediated by psychological demands at work, was found just among men, whereas a full mediation was found among women. This research highlights the importance of investigating the mechanisms that may explain how the use of technologies for work-related reasons could enhance the risk of work addiction, by considering gender differences.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":43191,"journal":{"name":"Psychologie du Travail et des Organisations","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2023-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"50197807","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-08-28DOI: 10.1016/j.pto.2023.08.001
V. Saint-Dizier de Almeida, Y. Kebir, S. Arfaoui, J. de Almeida
Creative collective intelligence (CCI) has been invested in different disciplinary fields. However, the conceptualizations proposed remain difficult to operationalize; the diagnoses are essentially based on self-reported data. We propose a singular framework to study CCI using observational data and methodologies for analyzing language interactions. The aim is to gain a better understanding of CCI as it takes shape in situations. The framework provides indicators for identifying traces of CCI, for investigating cooperation, creativity, and dynamic factors such as leadership and social climate. It includes a repository of non-technical skills associated with creativity and another associated with cooperation. A case study illustrates the use of the framework.
{"title":"L’intelligence collective créative : une conceptualisation et des indicateurs de diagnostic basés sur l’étude de l’activité","authors":"V. Saint-Dizier de Almeida, Y. Kebir, S. Arfaoui, J. de Almeida","doi":"10.1016/j.pto.2023.08.001","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.pto.2023.08.001","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Creative collective intelligence (CCI) has been invested in different disciplinary fields. However, the conceptualizations proposed remain difficult to operationalize; the diagnoses are essentially based on self-reported data. We propose a singular framework to study CCI using observational data and methodologies for analyzing language interactions. The aim is to gain a better understanding of CCI as it takes shape in situations. The framework provides indicators for identifying traces of CCI, for investigating cooperation, creativity, and dynamic factors such as leadership and social climate. It includes a repository of non-technical skills associated with creativity and another associated with cooperation. A case study illustrates the use of the framework.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":43191,"journal":{"name":"Psychologie du Travail et des Organisations","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2023-08-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"89956100","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-08-08DOI: 10.1016/j.pto.2023.07.001
N. Bazine , M. Peña-Jimenez , G.R.M. Déprez
To better understand how career preparation during college affects the university-work transition, the current study developed and evaluated a model exploring how protean career orientation is related to proactive career behaviors (i.e., planning, networking) during university studies, and also to career satisfaction once in employment. Based on a structural equation modeling analysis involving a mediation, this two-wave panel study composed of 109 individuals reveals that protean career orientation is indeed associated with proactive career behaviors, which in turn positively impacts career satisfaction once employed. This study highlights the importance of agentivity in career development and therefore the importance of agentivity support by universities.
{"title":"Se préparer pour l’avenir professionnel : relation entre l’orientation de carrière, les comportements proactifs de carrière et la satisfaction de carrière","authors":"N. Bazine , M. Peña-Jimenez , G.R.M. Déprez","doi":"10.1016/j.pto.2023.07.001","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.pto.2023.07.001","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>To better understand how career preparation during college affects the university-work transition, the current study developed and evaluated a model exploring how protean career orientation is related to proactive career behaviors (i.e., planning, networking) during university studies, and also to career satisfaction once in employment. Based on a structural equation modeling analysis involving a mediation, this two-wave panel study composed of 109 individuals reveals that protean career orientation is indeed associated with proactive career behaviors, which in turn positively impacts career satisfaction once employed. This study highlights the importance of agentivity in career development and therefore the importance of agentivity support by universities.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":43191,"journal":{"name":"Psychologie du Travail et des Organisations","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2023-08-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"85290348","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-07-15DOI: 10.1016/j.pto.2023.06.001
J.M. Castillo, E. Galy, P. Thérouanne
The study of Technostress (stress caused using technology) and mental workload has increased after the introduction and massive use of digital technologies in a professional context. Although there is now a vast literature on the two concepts, few works have addressed the two phenomena together. This research article focuses on the bibliographic review of the two concepts and presents the differences and similarities that exist between the two phenomena in the professional context. Finally, a research model is presented that proposes a relationship between Technostress and mental workload.
{"title":"Le Technostress et sa relation avec la charge mentale en contexte professionnel","authors":"J.M. Castillo, E. Galy, P. Thérouanne","doi":"10.1016/j.pto.2023.06.001","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.pto.2023.06.001","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>The study of Technostress (stress caused using technology) and mental workload has increased after the introduction and massive use of digital technologies in a professional context. Although there is now a vast literature on the two concepts, few works have addressed the two phenomena together. This research article focuses on the bibliographic review of the two concepts and presents the differences and similarities that exist between the two phenomena in the professional context. Finally, a research model is presented that proposes a relationship between Technostress and mental workload.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":43191,"journal":{"name":"Psychologie du Travail et des Organisations","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2023-07-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"76531893","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-06-01DOI: 10.1016/j.pto.2022.12.001
A. Noiret , M. Virat
This research aims at a better understanding of one aspect of emotional labor in child welfare: coping with intense negative emotions. It is based on 15 interviews conducted with social workers from Child Protective Services. Results indicate that the drivers of this aspect of emotional labor are characterized by unpredictability and interpersonal conflict. They give rise to surprise, anxiety and especially anger, particularly against institutions. Emotional regulation is carried out implicitly with a professional instrumental purpose. Different strategies are mobilized sequentially: social sharing of emotions and cognitive strategies allow recovery. The team social support during informal times appears central. These results underline the role of the team and plead for the recognition and professionalization of emotional work in this sector.
{"title":"Faire face à des émotions négatives intenses en protection de l’enfance : un travail émotionnel qui mobilise des processus de régulation de l’anxiété et de la colère avec le soutien de l’équipe","authors":"A. Noiret , M. Virat","doi":"10.1016/j.pto.2022.12.001","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.pto.2022.12.001","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>This research aims at a better understanding of one aspect of emotional labor in child welfare: coping with intense negative emotions. It is based on 15 interviews conducted with social workers from Child Protective Services. Results indicate that the drivers of this aspect of emotional labor are characterized by unpredictability and interpersonal conflict. They give rise to surprise, anxiety and especially anger, particularly against institutions. Emotional regulation is carried out implicitly with a professional instrumental purpose. Different strategies are mobilized sequentially: social sharing of emotions and cognitive strategies allow recovery. The team social support during informal times appears central. These results underline the role of the team and plead for the recognition and professionalization of emotional work in this sector.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":43191,"journal":{"name":"Psychologie du Travail et des Organisations","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2023-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"50177482","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-06-01DOI: 10.1016/j.pto.2023.01.001
G. Vin Reaes , M. Burakova
The purpose of the study consists in examining the effect of cultural exposure onto cultural adjustment mediated by cultural intelligence. In this perspective, we have consolidated the conception of cultural exposure as well as validated the measure of cultural exposure in French. The data (n = 106) have been collected via an electronic survey administered to immigrants and processed via Jamovi 2.3.3.0. Further to the structural equation modeling in latent variables we have validated the hypothesized mediation. Another result consisted in a validated measure of cultural exposure. The findings are discussed in terms of their contribution to the understanding of the antecedents of cultural intelligence and cultural adjustment. Several recommendations are formulated for the institutions in charge for the immigrants’ integration and training.
{"title":"Effet de l’exposition culturelle sur l’ajustement culturel : rôle médiateur de l’intelligence culturelle","authors":"G. Vin Reaes , M. Burakova","doi":"10.1016/j.pto.2023.01.001","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.pto.2023.01.001","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>The purpose of the study consists in examining the effect of cultural exposure onto cultural adjustment mediated by cultural intelligence. In this perspective, we have consolidated the conception of cultural exposure as well as validated the measure of cultural exposure in French. The data (<em>n</em> <!-->=<!--> <!-->106) have been collected via an electronic survey administered to immigrants and processed via Jamovi 2.3.3.0. Further to the structural equation modeling in latent variables we have validated the hypothesized mediation. Another result consisted in a validated measure of cultural exposure. The findings are discussed in terms of their contribution to the understanding of the antecedents of cultural intelligence and cultural adjustment. Several recommendations are formulated for the institutions in charge for the immigrants’ integration and training.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":43191,"journal":{"name":"Psychologie du Travail et des Organisations","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2023-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"50177480","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-06-01DOI: 10.1016/j.pto.2023.01.004
F. Imsirovic , C. Sénéchal , S. Larivée
In the United States, between 3% and 12% of employees are part of the LGBTQ+ community. Despite numerous anti-discrimination laws, they continue to be the target of discrimination in their workplaces. The purpose of this systematic review is to examine the impact of direct and indirect discrimination against LGBTQ+ individuals in the workplace and on the organization. Sixty-one articles published between January 2000 and June 2021 and indexed in PsycINFO, Web of Science, Business Source Premier and Gender Studies Data Base and Erudit were analyzed. The results first show that there is no consensus on the definition of discrimination and that few studies distinguish between direct and indirect discrimination. The effects of direct discrimination on individuals can be summarized into five broad categories: 1) hiding one's sexual orientation or gender identity, 2) experiencing financial consequences, 3) experiencing mental or physical health problems, 4) being excluded, and 5) feeling discomfort. The four effects of indirect discrimination on individuals are 1) hiding sexual orientation or gender identity, 2) experiencing negative emotions, 3) mental or physical health problems, and 4) lack of promotion. Finally, the five categories of consequences of direct discrimination on organizations are 1) lack of commitment and satisfaction, 2) lack of trust in the organization, 3) loss of workforce, 4) decreased performance, and 5) harassment. The only identified effect of indirect discrimination on the organization is a deteriorated work climate.
在美国,3%至12%的员工属于LGBTQ+群体。尽管有许多反歧视法律,但她们在工作场所仍然是歧视的目标。这项系统审查的目的是审查工作场所和组织中对LGBTQ+个人的直接和间接歧视的影响。分析了2000年1月至2021年6月期间发表在PsycINFO、Web of Science、Business Source Premier和性别研究数据库以及Erudit上的61篇文章。研究结果首先表明,对歧视的定义没有达成共识,很少有研究区分直接歧视和间接歧视。直接歧视对个人的影响可以概括为五大类:1)隐藏自己的性取向或性别认同,2)经历经济后果,3)经历心理或身体健康问题,4)被排斥,5)感到不适。间接歧视对个人的四种影响是:1)隐藏性取向或性别认同,2)经历负面情绪,3)心理或身体健康问题,以及4)缺乏晋升。最后,直接歧视对组织的五类后果是:1)缺乏承诺和满意度,2)对组织缺乏信任,3)劳动力流失,4)绩效下降,5)骚扰。间接歧视对该组织的唯一影响是工作环境恶化。
{"title":"Impact de la discrimination envers les personnes LGBTQ+ en milieu de travail : recension systématique","authors":"F. Imsirovic , C. Sénéchal , S. Larivée","doi":"10.1016/j.pto.2023.01.004","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.pto.2023.01.004","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>In the United States, between 3% and 12% of employees are part of the LGBTQ+ community. Despite numerous anti-discrimination laws, they continue to be the target of discrimination in their workplaces. The purpose of this systematic review is to examine the impact of direct and indirect discrimination against LGBTQ+ individuals in the workplace and on the organization. Sixty-one articles published between January 2000 and June 2021 and indexed in PsycINFO, Web of Science, Business Source Premier and Gender Studies Data Base and Erudit were analyzed. The results first show that there is no consensus on the definition of discrimination and that few studies distinguish between direct and indirect discrimination. The effects of direct discrimination on individuals can be summarized into five broad categories: 1) hiding one's sexual orientation or gender identity, 2) experiencing financial consequences, 3) experiencing mental or physical health problems, 4) being excluded, and 5) feeling discomfort. The four effects of indirect discrimination on individuals are 1) hiding sexual orientation or gender identity, 2) experiencing negative emotions, 3) mental or physical health problems, and 4) lack of promotion. Finally, the five categories of consequences of direct discrimination on organizations are 1) lack of commitment and satisfaction, 2) lack of trust in the organization, 3) loss of workforce, 4) decreased performance, and 5) harassment. The only identified effect of indirect discrimination on the organization is a deteriorated work climate.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":43191,"journal":{"name":"Psychologie du Travail et des Organisations","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2023-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"50177477","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}